anaheim-gazette 1910-09-22

FORTIER ON IRRIGATION Further Contribution to Subject of Interest to Water Users The best orchardists believe that frequent examinations of the stem, branches, foliage, and fruit are not enough. The roots and soil should be likewise examined. The advice of such men to the inexperienced is: Find out where the bulk of the feeding roots is located, ascertain the nature of the soil around them, and make frequent tests as to the moisture which it contains. In a citrus orchard of sandy loam samples are taken at depths of about 3 feet, and the moisture content determined by exposing the samples to a bright sun for the greater part of a day. It is considered that 6 per cent by weight of free water is sufficient to keep the trees in a vigorous condition. Doctor Loughridge of the University of California, in his experiments at Riverside, Cal., in June, 1905, he found an average of 3.5 per cent in the upper 2 feet and an average of 6.16 per cent below this level in an orchard which had not been irrigated since October of preceding year. It had received, however, a winter rainfall of about 16 inches. On examination it was found that the bulk of the roots lay between the first and fourth foot. These trees in June seemed to be merely holding their own. When irrigated July 7 they began to make new growth. A few days after the water was applied the percentage of free water in the upper 4 feet of soil rose to 9.64 per cent. The results of these tests seem to indicate that the percentage order to reduce this loss and moisten the soil around the roots of the trees, the practice of running small streams of water in deep furrows has become quite common. In applying water in this way the top soil remains at least partially dry, the bulk of the water soon passes beyond the first foot, and the surface can be cultivated soon after the water is turned off. From the foregoing it is evident that western orchardists can prevent the greater part of the evaporation losses by cultivating orchards to a depth of at least 6 inches as soon as practicable after each irrigation. In the preceding paragraphs attention has been called to the large amount of water which is vaporized from warm, moist soils. In all modes of wetting the soil, but more particularly when deep furrows are used to distribute the water, a part is liable to sink beyond the deepest roots. As a rule, the longer the furrow the greater is the loss from this cause. In furrows about one-eighth of a mile long Doctor Loughridge found in his experiments at Riverside, that in some parts of the orchard the soil was wet as a result of a recent irrigation to depths of 20 to 26 feet, while in other parts the moisture had not penetrated beyond the third foot. One of the best ways of finding out whether much water is lost by deep percolation is to dig cross trenches as deep as the feeding roots go. The moisture which passes the deepest roots in its downward course may be considered wasted. The loss of water is not the only effect of deep percolation. The water which escapes in this and other ways compensate the owner's lean years. Any time fore, which tends to its plant food when young or to retard pretty certain to lessen the consequent profits. Prof. E. J. Wickson, California Experimentally expressed the pre-condition on this question in Crop work, "California Fruit Grow Them," in the guage: "All interculture made by the trees too. The term may be long of interest low, but the trees will need re-soil of the plant food tercropping." S. W. McCulloch, wac acres of citrus orchard California, goes further: "It is always detrimental development of an orchard crops between the two cases; the effect is not from securing less rain it will affect the crop several years and in time will be gained." Notwithstanding all man must needs make children may starve. A small tract set out can not afford, if his item, to wait four or five returns. He crops between the rowtion for him to consider can be done with the injury to the trees. A ply of water and a de-essentials of inter-districts that depend on rainfall of 15 to 20 num- or where irrigation It had received, however, a winter rainfall of about 16 inches. On examination it was found that the bulk of the roots lay between the first and fourth foot. These trees in June seemed to be merely holding their own. When irrigated July 7 they began to make new growth. A few days after the water was applied the percentage of free water in the upper 4 feet of soil rose to 9.64 per cent. The results of these tests seem to indicate that the percentage by weight of free moisture should range between 5 and 10 per cent in orchard loams. Many fruit growers do not turn on the irrigation stream until the trees begin to show visible signs of suffering, as a slight change in color or a slight curling of the leaves. In thus waiting for these signals of distress, both trees and fruit are liable to be injured. On the other hand, the man who ignores these symptoms and pours on a large quantity of water whenever he can spare it, or even when his turn comes, is apt to cause greater damage by an overdose of water. For nearly half the entire year the fruit trees of Wyoming and Montana have little active, visible growth, whereas in the citrus districts of California and Arizona the growth is continuous. A tree when dormant gives off moisture, but the amount evaporated from both soil and tree in the winter is relatively small, owing to the low temperature, the lack of foliage, and feeble growth. A heavy rain which saturates the soil below the usual covering of soil mulch may take the place of one artificial watering, but the light shower frequently does more harm than good. The number of irrigations likewise depends on the capacity of the soil to hold water. If it readily parts with its moisture, light but frequent applications will produce the best results, but if it holds water well a heavy application at longer intervals is best, especially when loss by evaporation from the soil is prevented by the use of a deep soil mulch. The duty of water for 1 acre as fixed by water contracts varies all the way from one-fortieth to one four-hundredths of a cubic foot per second. In general, the most water is applied in districts that require the least. In recent years the tendency all over the west is toward a more economical use of water, and even in localities where water for irrigation is still reasonably low in price it is rare that more than 2-1-2 acre-feet while in other parts the moisture had not penetrated beyond the third foot. One of the best ways of finding out whether much water is lost by deep percolation is to dig cross trenches as deep as the feeding roots go. The moisture which passes the deepest roots in its downward course may be considered wasted. The loss of water is not the only effect of deep percolation. The water which escapes in this and other ways usually moves through the soil at a rather slow rate of speed until it reaches some underground body of water at a lower level. In case orchards have been planted at these lower levels when the subsoll was dry, care should be exercised in observing the rise of the ground water level. Before the deepest roots of the fruit trees are submerged, artificial drainage ought to be provided. Otherwise the ground water will at first lessen the yield and finally destroy the trees. The drainage of orchard tracts usually progresses in more or less distinct and separate stages. When the ground water begins to be a menace, the natural ravines in the vicinity are cleared of weeds and other rubbish and deepened. If the ground water continues to rise, the open drains are deepened and extended or else the excess water is withdrawn through covered drains. Open drains in orchards occupy valuable land, obstruct field work, and are expensive to maintain. Some of the objections can be lessened if not removed by locating such drains along the lower boundary of the tract. And when this plan is followed, covered drains are frequently laid among the trees and discharge into the open drains. Sometimes the source and direction of the waste water which is waterlogging an orchard can be traced beneath the surface. In this event it is well to try to intercept its passage before it reaches the trees. This can be done by an open drain, but a covered pipe drain of the required size is preferable. Where durable lumber is cheap, box drains may be used. Where lumber is high in price, it will be more economical to use pipe drains made of either clay or cement. The former is most frequently used for sizes ranging from 4 to 8 inches in diameter and the latter for sizes 10 inches and over. The clay or tile drains are made 1 foot in length, but in using cement for the larger sizes the length may be increased to 2 and even 3 feet. The drainage of irrigated lands differs children may starve. a small tract set out can not afford, if his items, to wait four or five returns. He crops between the rowtion for him to consider can be done with their injury to the trees. A ply of water and a dewthe essentials of interest districts that depend on rainfall of 15 to 20 num, or where irrigation both scarce and cost becomes of doubtful w circumstances. In most districts of the west gation is still reasona price, and the extra aid for intercropping repreys small part of the m such crops. While opinions differ wisdom of growing shrubs have been named better rows, most fruitgrowers of the beneficial effect crops. Notwithstanding and high value of waterside citrus district, dent of a large fruit crop years grown peas and orange and lemon orch management, and advice of irrigation waterthe winter rains for therorous growth of such walnut groves of Oran clover is sown in theror two irrigations dur ing if the rainfall is beloand plowed under in A The cost of such copees, vetch, or clover seed, the labor of sowter, and the time requl it. These items, acco S. Twombly of Fullerton from $2.50 to $3.25 per tons per acre of greep perhaps an average c舟anage there would pounds of nitrogen, whisper pound represents per acre for a cover o Formerly head flum were built of wood, increase in the price decrease in the prince cement have induced fruit growers to use When built of wood, sections varies from 16 feet being the most bottom width runs fr ches, while the depth 2 inches less. Redwo inches thick is perha The duty of water for 1 acre as fixed by water contracts varies all the way from one-fortieth to one four-hundredths of a cubic foot per second. In general, the most water is applied in districts that require the least. In recent years the tendency all over the west is toward a more economical use of water, and even in localities where water for irrigation is still reasonably low in price it is rare that more than 2-1/2 acre-feet per acre is applied in a season. On the sandy loam orchards of Orange county, Cal., it has been demonstrated that 2 acre-inches every sixty days is sufficient to keep bearing trees in good condition. The rainfall of this locality averages some what less than 12 inches per annum, but about 95 per cent of the total falls between November and May, inclusive. A light shower followed by warm sunshine may refresh the foliage of fruit trees, but its effect on the soil is more likely to be injurious than otherwise. A brief, pelting rain followed by sunshine forms a crust on the surface of most soils, and if this is not soon broken up by cultivation it checks the free circulation of air in the soil and also tends to increase the amount of water evaporated. It has been found that the amount of moisture held by the soil, the temperature of both soil and air, and the rate of wind motion are the chief factors in the evaporation of water from soils. The results of experiments have shown that when the water is applied to the surface of orchard soils the loss by evaporation is very great so long as the top layer remains moist. Even in light irrigations this loss in forty-eight hours after the water is put on may amount to from 10 to 20 per cent of the volume applied. In The drainage of irrigated lands differs in many respects from that common to the humid states of Iowa, Illinois, or Ohio. In irrigated districts the drains are larger and are laid deeper. While 4-inch tile drains may be used in places, 6-inch drains are to be preferred, and should be considered as the smallest desirable size. The depth at which they are laid ranges from 4 to 7 feet, and 5 to 6 feet are required for orchards. A grade of 5 feet to the mile is about the least that should be used, and wherever practicable it should be increased to 10 feet to the mile. In laying drains that are likely to become clogged with silt or roots, or both, a small cable is laid in each line, and at distances of 300 to 500 feet and sand boxes are placed so as to facilitate cleaning the tiles with suitable wire brushes. The large majority of California fruit growers do not grow marketable crops between the trees. They believe in clean culture, except in cases where leguminous crops are used to renovate and fertilize the soil. From the standpoint of the large commercial orchard and the well to do proprietor, this practice has much to recommend it. The planting of such an orchard is regarded as a long-time investment. Little if any returns are expected for the first few years, but when the trees approach maturity and are in full bearing the anticipated profits are supposed to Formerly head flumes were built of wood, increase in the price of the decrease in the pice cement have induced fruit growers to use them. When built of wood, the sections varies from 16 feet being the most bottom width runs froes, while the depth is 2 inches less. Redwood inches thick is perhaps the bottom and sides by 4 inch pine or fir used for yokes which centers. Midway between auger holes are bored through these opening in the manner shown for each hundred feet ed as a suitable grade es, but it often happens shape of the land is much this, in which case it placed in the bottom each opening. A head flume compacts sand, and gravel costs out twice as much as of the same capacity; decay of wood, especially in contact with easement flume cheapen By means of a special chine, which is patented tar composed of one about six parts of coarse into a hopper and f pressure into a set o of the form of the flumes are made in place nouous line across the of the orchard tract is built and before there come hard, small tube 1-2 inches in diameter pending somewhat one flume, are inserted in the orchard. The fl tubes is regulated by Head flumes, being compensate the owner for all the lean years. Any treatment, therefore, which tends to rob the soil of its plant food when the trees are young or to retard their growth is pretty certain to lessen the yields and the consequent profits in later years. Prof. E. J. Wickson, director of the California Experiment Station, tersely expressed the prevailing opinion on this question in California in his work, "California Fruits and How to Grow Them," in the following language: "All intercultures are a loan made by the trees to the orchardist. The term may be long and the rate of interest low, but sooner or later the trees will need restitution to the soil of the plant food removed by intercropping." B. W. McCulloch, who controls 150 acres of citrus orchards in Southern California, goes further in stating: "It is always detrimental to the development of an orchard to grow any crops between the trees. In some cases the effect is not marked aside from securing less rapid growth, but it will affect the crops of fruit for several years and in the end nothing will be gained." Notwithstanding all this, the poor man must needs make the loan or his children may starve. The settler on a small tract set out to young trees can not afford, if his means are limited, to wait four or five years for the first returns. He must produce crops between the rows, and the question for him to consider is how this can be done with the least possible injury to the trees. A plentiful supply of water and a deep rich soil are the essentials of intercropping. In the districts that depend on a meager rainfall of 15 to 20 inches per annum, or where irrigation water is surface of the ground, interfere with the free passage of teams in cultivating, irrigating, and harvesting the crop. Dead leaves from shade and fruit trees also clog the small openings in the flumes. These and other objections to flumes have induced many fruit growers of Southern California to convey the water in underground pipes and distribute it through standpipes placed at the heads of the rows of trees. Both cement and clay pipes are used for this purpose. The former are usually molded in 2 foot lengths, with beveled lap joints, and consist of a 1 to 3 or 1 to 4 mixture of cement and fine gravel and sand. The most common sizes are 6, 8, 10, and 12 inches in diameter, having a thickness of shell in the 12-inch pipe of 1 1/2 inches which is reduced to a trifle more than 1 inch in the 6-inch pipe. Piping of this kind when well made and carefully laid, will withstand a head of 10 to 16 ft. The clay pipe is similar to that used in cities for sewers and, having the stronger joints, withstands a greater pressure but costs more. A line of pipe is laid about 2 feet below the surface from the feed main and measuring box across the top of the orchard, and as each row of trees is passed a standpipe is inserted. Various devices are employed to convey the water from the pipe to the surface of the ground at the head of each tree row and divide it up evenly among 4 to 6 furrows. One of the most common consists of a series of standpipes, the top of each set rising to the same elevation. At each change of elevation special standpipes are used and in these are inserted the gates provided with overflows. The length of the furrow is often OLD LONDON INNS. Some That Are Famous Because of a Special Dish. Though various restaurants in New York, Washington, New Orleans or San Francisco are famous for certain dishes, yet this is generally the result of accident rather than design that one article upon the menu should be pre-eminently successful and popular. The day is past when this one dish could make the reputation of the place. In London, however, this is not the case, though it must be confessed that there are not now as many inns as formerly which have become famous by reason of the popularity of one dish. In times gone by every London inn of any pretensions at all had its special dish whereon it prided itself and to partake of which patrons traveled many miles. Eel pies were once the great feature of breakfast served at the old Sluice House, near Finsburg park. The necessary quantity of fish was regularly dredged up from the stream which ran under the windows of the inn. The pies are still to be bad, but the eels are procured from a nearby fish market. Simpson's, in the Strand, is noted for its fish dinners. This place was once immensely popular, and even today there is a certain following who swear by its repasts. For a certain sum the guest eats as much of a variety of fish as he cares to. Another inn boasts of a special dish in the shape of Southdown mutton. This is wheeled up to the table in order that each individual may select the particular cut to which he is partial. The mutton is kept warm by means of water heated by a lamp. THE RIVER NILE. children may starve. The settler on a small tract set out to young trees can not afford, if his means are limited, to wait four or five years for the first returns. He must produce crops between the rows, and the question for him to consider is how this can be done with the least possible injury to the trees. A plentiful supply of water and a deep rich soil are the essentials of intercropping. In the districts that depend on a meager rainfall of 15 to 20 inches per annum, or where irrigation water is both scarce and costly, the practice becomes of doubtful value under any circumstances. In most of the fruit districts of the west water for irrigation is still reasonably low in price, and the extra amount required for intercropping represents but a very small part of the net gains from such crops. While opinions differ regarding the wisdom of growing such crops as have been named between the tree rows, most fruit growers are convinced of the beneficial effects of cover crops. Notwithstanding the scarcity and high value of water in the Riverside citrus district, the superintendent of a large fruit company has for years grown peas and vetch in the orange and lemon orchards under his management, and advocates the free use of irrigation water to supplement the winter rains for the rapid and vigorous growth of such crops. In the walnut groves of Orange county bur clover is sown in the fall, given one or two irrigations during the winter if the rainfall is below the normal, and plowed under in April. The cost of such cover crops as peas, vetch, or clover includes the seed, the labor of sowing it, the water, and the time required to supply it. These items, according to Dr. S. S. Twombly of Fullerton, amount to from $2.50 to $3.25 per acre. Twenty tons per acre of green material is perhaps an average crop. In this townage there would be about 160 pounds of nitrogen, which at 20 cents per pound represents a value of $32 per acre for a cover crop like vetch. Formerly head flumes for orchards were built of wood, but the steady increase in the price of lumber and the decrease in the price of Portland cement have induced many of the fruit growers to use cement instead. When built of wood, the length of the sections varies from 12 to 20 feet, 16 feet being the most common. The bottom width runs from 6 to 12 inches, while the depth is usually 1 to 2 inches less. Redwood lumber 1 1-4 inches thick is perhaps the best for the bottom and sides and stems of 3 is passed a standpipe is inserted. Various devices are employed to convey the water from the pipe to the surface of the ground at the head of each tree row and divide it up evenly among 4 to 6 furrows. One of the most common consists of a series of standpipes, the top of each set rising to the same elevation. At each change of elevation special standpipes are used and in these are inserted the gates provided with overflows. The length of the furrow is often governed by the size of the orchard. But in large tracts it is doubtful if it ever pays to run water in furrows more than about 600 feet. Where the soil is open and water sinks readily through it, short furrows should be used, otherwise much water is lost in deep percolation on the upper part of the tract. Prof. H. Culbertson of San Diego county after a careful investigation of this subject has reached the conclusion that on sandy or gravelly soil having a steep slope the proper length of furrows is 200 feet, while on heavier soils and flatter slopes the length may be increased to 600 feet. The grade of furrows varies quite widely. In flat valleys it is often not possible to obtain a fall greater than 1 inch to 100 feet, while on the steep slopes the fall may reach 20 inches per 100 feet. On ordinary soils a grade of 3 to 4 inches is to be preferred, and where the fall exceeds 8 to 10 inches to 100 feet the trees all should be set out in such a way as to decrease the slope of the furrows. The number of furrows in orchards depends on the age of the trees, the space between the rows, depth of furrow, and the character of the soil. Nursery stock is irrigated by one or two furrows and young trees by two to four. A common spacing for shallow furrows is 2 1-2 feet, while deeper furrows are made 3 to 4 feet apart. The general trend of orchard practice is toward deep rather than shallow furrows, a depth of 8 inches being frequently used. The furrowing implement most commonly used by the orchardists of Orange county consists of a sulky frame to which are attached two or three double moldboard plows. Those who prefer a small number of deep furrows use a 12 to 14 inch corn lister. CHICKEN HAWKS SAVE ALFALFA Loveland, Colo., Sept. 14.—Chicken hawks, once the bane of the farmer's life, today are the most protected of all birds in this part of Colorado, the manhunting them against immensely popular, and even today there is a certain following who swear by its repasts. For a certain sum the guest eats as much of a variety of fish as he cares to. Another inn boasts of a special dish in the shape of Southdown mutton. This is wheeled up to the table in order that each individual may select the particular cut to which he is partial. The mutton is kept warm by means of water heated by a lamp. THE RIVER NILE. Egypt Would Be a Wilderness but For This Wonderful Stream. The Nile is probably the most wonderful river in the world. It has made Egypt possible by turning an arid wilderness into the richest land in the world. It has provided at the same time an admirable commercial highway and made easy the transportation of building materials. The ancient Egyptians were thus enabled to utilize the granite of Assuan for the splendid structures of the hundred gated Thebes and of Memphis and even for those on Tanis, on the Mediterranean coast. At a time when the people of British Isles were clad in skins of wild beasts and offered human sacrifices upon the stone altars of the Druids Egypt was the center of a rich and refined civilization. Most of the development of Egypt was due to the Nile, which not only watered and fertilized the soil annually, but was and is one of the best natural highways in the world. From the beginning of winter to the end of spring—that is, while the Nile is navigable—the north wind blows steadily up the stream with sufficient force to drive sailling boats against the current at a fair pace; while on other hand, the current is strong enough to carry a boat without sails down against the wind except when it blows a gale. That is why the ancient Egyptians did not need steam power nor electric motors for the immense commerce that covered the Nile nor for barges carrying building materials for hundreds of miles—New York Herald. The Uses of Rubber. It is probable that no other commodity ever came into such varied use within so short a period as India rubber. First employed practically for footwear and other waterproof apparel, rubber has come to be employed in electrical insulation, hose pipes for the conveyance of water, steam, air and so on; pneumatic and other tires for all sorts of wheeled vehicles, balloons and the planes of aerial machines, innumeral articles for the comfort of invalids, household conveniences and what not. Thus far rubber has never come into use to an important extent for any given purpose to which it is not still devoted. In other words, its Formerly head flumes for orchards were built of wood, but the steady increase in the price of lumber and the decrease in the price of Portland cement have induced many of the fruit growers to use cement instead. When built of wood, the length of the sections varies from 12 to 20 feet, 16 feet being the most common. The bottom width runs from 6 to 12 inches, while the depth is usually 1 to 2 inches less. Redwood lumber 1-4 inches thick is perhaps the best for the bottom and sides, and joists of 2 by 4 inch pine or fir are commonly used for yokes which are spaced 3 ft centers. Midway between the yokes auger holes are bored and the flow through these openings is controlled in the manner shown. A 2 inch fall for each hundred feet may be regarded as a suitable grade for head flumes, but it often happens that the slope of the land is much greater than this, in which case low checks are placed in the bottom of the flume at each opening. A head flume composed of cement, sand, and gravel costs as a rule about twice as much as a wooden one of the same capacity, but the early decay of wood, especially if it comes in contact with earth, makes the cement flume cheaper in the end. By means of a specially designed machine, which is patented, cement-mortar composed of one part cement to about six parts of coarse sand is fed into a hopper and forced by lever pressure into a set of guide plates of the form of the flume. Such flumes are made in place in one continuous line across the upper margin of the orchard tract. After flume is built and before the mortar has become hard, small tubes from 3-4 to 1-2 inches in diameter, the size depending somewhat on the size of the flume, are inserted in the side next the orchard. The flow through the tubes is regulated by zinc slides. Head flumes, being placed on the monly used by the orchardists of Orange county consists of a sulky frame to which are attached two or three double moldboard plows. Those who prefer a small number of deep furrows use a 12 to 14 inch corn lister. CHICKEN HAWKS SAVE ALFALFA Loveland, Colo., Sept. 14.—Chicken hawks, once the bane of the farmer's life, today are the most protected of all birds in this part of Colorado, the ranchmen guarding them against slaughter with a vigilance that has put state game wardens to shame: The unusual alliance is due to a pest of grasshoppers, which has recently threatened the alfalfa with ruin. The hawks, of which nearly 1000 have congregated in this section, have proven the most effectual way of destroying the grasshoppers, which they regard as delicacies, leaving chickens unmolested. Charlotte Adams Cornellle, voice builder (Marchesi Method). Plano. Studio North Lemon St.; phone Main 871. 9-1-tf O, say, have you ever heard the chime clocks ring at Hartfield's. Chimes every quarter hour. 9-15 Explained. "Our air mattresses," said the dealer, "are all filled in the months of April and May. That accounts for their remarkable resilient qualities." "Is the air of those months better than others?" "They are the spring months, you know."—Exchange. Justice. The only way to make the mass of mankind see the beauty of justice is by showing them in pretty plain terms the consequence of injustice.—Sydney Smith. Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow.—Emerson. COME TO ORANGE TO THE COUNTY STREET FAIR ORANGE SEPT. 22, 23, AND 24. THREE DAYS OF FUN Band Concerts, Ball Games, Free Coffee, Contests, Races, Dancing, Confetti Frolics, all the pleasures of the Fiesta. A Magnificent Display of Orange County’s Unrivaled Products Orange will give you a royal welcome. Remember the date—Sept. 22, 23 & 24. Come to Orange. 8-25-kw HENSHAW, BULKLEY & CO. 262-64 So. Los Angeles St. Los Angeles IRRIGATION PLANTS HENSHAW, BULKLEY & CO. 262-64 So. Los Angeles St. Los Angeles IRRIGATION PLANTS INSTALLED COMPLETE MACHINERY of all kinds, including road making machinery, levelers, scrapers, hardpan ploughs, etc. Full stock always on hand. GASOLINE ENGINES CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS EAST AND BACK AN INEXPENSIVE EASTERN TRIP VIA SOUTHERN PACIFIC A few of the points to which round trip tickets are sold at reduced fares: Chicago $72.50 New York $108.50 Boston 110.50 Washington 107.50 New Orleans 67.50 St. Louis 67.50 St. Paul 73.50 Kansas City 60.00 Minneapolis 73.50 Omaha 60.00 Corresponding reduced fares to many other points. Sale dates, Sept. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23. Return limit, Oct. 31, 1910. Choice of Many Routes — Ogden, Sunset, Shasta Route An additional charge of $24.50 is made if tickets are sold reading one way via Portland. Through Daily Pullman and Tourist Sleepers to many principal Eastern cities. For full particulars see any Southern Pacific Agent. L. B. VALLA, Com. Agt, Santa Ana, Cal. J. M. PICKERING, Agt, Anahcim, Cal. Los Angeles Office, 690 S. Spring St. SOUTHERN PACIFIC "WALK IN" THE GAZETTE OFFICE FOR QUALITY PRINTING