anaheim-gazette 1928-02-23

Mealy Bug Control In Orange County Horticultural Commissioner A. A. Brock Tells of Progress The citrophilus mealybug first appeared in Orange county in 1920. At this time only a small acreage was known to be infested with this dangerous pest of citrus. Previous experience with mealybug in other citrus growing districts indicated that the biological method was the most effective and by far the most economical means of keeping this insect under control. In order to rear the cryptolaemus ladybird, which was accredited with being the most effective worker, an insectary building was built by an association of packing houses and the organization became known as the Orange County Pest Control Association. Actual operation of this insectary began in September, 1922. By 1924, following a careful survey, approximately 7000 acres of citrus were known to be infested with the mealybug. It had been demonstrated that, while it was possible by stringent quarantine measures to delay somewhat the introduction of the pest into new localities, its natural spread in a district favorable for its propagation could not be prevented. To meet the increased demand another building was built, but it was soon found that even with more efficient methods of production the total number of ladybirds liberated was small compared to the acreage infested. The cost of operation of the insectary was assumed by the county in the spring of 1926. During 1926 and 1927, the plant was greatly expanded until at the present time the insectary is located on a three-acre tract of land and comprises eighteen production buildings and one storage and office building, which, together with the equipment, has been dedicated to the county by the Pest Control Association. This "bug factory" represents an investment of more than $50,000 and has a capacity of 20,000 trays. In these trays twice a year and planted potatoes which are sprouted under controlled heat and grown in darkness in order that the mealybugs may have a tasty, without exposure. At certain seasons of the year this burlap may be used as an indication of the amount of mealybug present. The material recommended for use in this county is any clean burlap. This may be obtained by cutting up old burlap sacks into from six to ten strips, or, in case of larger acreage, wrapping burlap approximately forty inches wide may be obtained in 100-yard bolts, which will be cut in strips by the manufacturers to order, preferably six widths per bolt. By the use of various materials in the insectary we have found that cryptolaemus larvae prefer burlap to most other materials for pupation. Crumpled newspaper has been used the field with some success, although paper seems to have a drying effect if the pupae and is generally not as satisfactory as burlap. The method of installing formerly used was to wrap the strips of burlap about the tree trunks. It has been our experience, however, that the burlap is not given the proper attention thereafter and will become tight about the tree, so that the mealybugs are protected from the cryptolaemus and the cryptolaemus larvae are unable to do their work properly. To overcome this disadvantage, we recommend that the burlap material be crumpled loosely together and placed in one of the large crotches of the tree in such a manner as to provide the largest possible number of folds and the maximum surface in contact with the tree. Caution should be taken in placing the burlap in such manner that the nest provided will remain reasonably dry. The care of the burlap after installation is indicated by the purpose for which it is used. It should not ordinarily be removed during the spring and summer season. Prior to fumigation for scale pests, if the burlap contains a large number of cryptolaemus larvae and pupae, it should be removed and kept under shelter and replaced after the treatment. Large numbers of beneficial insects will be saved by this precaution. If an oil spray is used, the burlap should be removed in order to prevent the possibility of burning the bark of the tree. Old burlap which has become hard and dirty does not afford a satisfactory nest and should be removed during the winter or early spring and dropped upon the ground beneath the trees, new burlap being installed as soon as the rainy season. Important Taught George W. Opens S Plans are preparation of the beginning George W. institution university million-dollar supreme accepted Scott Jurisdiction Washington. The request be the same legge of the words, gravel high school of units. All the complete course in This course idea about either federate cultivate in or of the duluth ship. The intention will make types of problems public science nomics, constitution foreign service port and law and india. The first enrmment w political schern language history, c (mathematica geography) can history economics national law constitution turcs, politic enrmment, sciory. A will be reqiued The fore During 1926 and 1927, the plant was greatly expanded until at present time the insectary is located on a three-acre tract of land and comprises eighteen production buildings and one storage and office building, which, together with the equipment, has been dedicated to the county by the Pest Control Association. This "bug factory" represents an investment of more than $50,000 and has a capacity of 20,000 trays. In these trays twice a year and planted potatoes which are sprouted under controlled heat and grown in darkness in order that the mealybugs may have a taste, succulent morsel to their liking. After these mealybugs are grown to satisfactory size, the cryptolaemus ladybirds are placed in the rooms with the mealybugs, where later the new generation of cryptolaemus enjoy their favorite host food throughout their lives. Upon becoming adults, the ladybirds are caught from a white screen, placed in gelatin capsules, counted and distributed to the growers. Each capsule of ten ladybirds is a "close" for controlling the mealybug on one citrus tree. Since the inception of the Orange county insectery, over five years ago, 31,000,000 cryptolaemus have been liberated on the groves in Orange county. In addition to this number, approximately 100,000 other beneficial insects have been liberated for the control of scale and mealybug. In all a total of about $75,000 has been spent for this work. At this time there are 30,000 acres, or slightly over one-half of the total citrus acreage of Orange county infested with the citrophilus mealybug. The cost of control of this pest under the present system is approximately $1 per acre, which is probably one twenty-fifth to one thirty-fifth of the cost of control of scale pests in the same district. The biological control method, although not perfect, has given very encouraging results—certainly as satisfactory as artificial control measures—and with close co-operation between the grower and those in charge of the insectery, will prove to be both a satisfactory and economical means of keeping the mealybug under commercial control. A systematic survey of the area in Orange county infested with citrophilus mealybug has been started. The district inspectors will make a complete survey of all the groves in the infested area, noting the amount of citrophilus mealybug present, comparative amount of cryptolaemus in the groves, varieties of ants and extent of ant infestations, condition of burlap used for nests in the trees, and time and method of last scale treatment. From this report the insectary will classify the groves according to degree of infestation of the mealybug. It is expected that this survey will be completed before the next generation of mealybug appears in the field. With the aid of this information, the insectary will be able to distribute cryptolaemus to the heaviest infestations first, following with liberations on medium infestations and, before the season is over, possibly making some distribution of the ladybirds on light infestations. THINGS WORTH KNOWING Q.-What was the salary of the President of the United States 20 years ago? A.-Twenty years ago the salary was $50,000 a year. He now receives $75,000 a year. Q.-How long has butter been in use? A.-It is known to have been used at least 2000 years prior to the beginning of the Christian era. Q.-What is the meaning of the name Werner? A.-It is a Teutonic (German) name and means "protecting army." Q.-What substances besides cane and beet sugar are used for sweetening? A.-Honey, glucose, saccharine and dextrose. Q.-Who won the 100 and 200-meter races at the 1924 Olympic games? A.-The 100-meter race was won by II. M. Abrahams of Great Britain, and the 200-meter race by Jackson V. Scholz of the United States. Q.-How many home runs has Babe Ruth made since 1920? A.-In 1920 he hit 54 home runs; in 1921 he hit 59; in 1922, 36; in 1923, 41; in 1924, 46; in 1925, 25; in 1926, 47 and in 1927, 60. Q.-What are the minimum and maximum years of service for retirement pay in the classified civil service of the United States government? A.-The minimum is 15 years and the maximum 30 years. The amount is computed by multiplying the average annual basic salary, not to exceed $1500 per year, for the last 10 years of service by the number of years of service, not to exceed 30 years, and dividing the product by 45. In no case can the annuity exceed $1000 per annum. Q.-What is the maximum range of a Springfield rifle? A.-Fifty-six hundred yards. Q.-What causes spontaneous combustion in coal piles? A.-Oxidization of the coal so rapidly that it engenders heat sufficient to cause fire. Fires of this kind occur in masses of oiled rags, pyritous ores, coal and certain metals. Q.-Did young Griffo, the boxer, ever hold a world's championship? A.-Although he was considered one of the clearest boxers in the ring, he never was a world champion. According to his record he lost only two fights during his entire career, and was never condition of burlap used for nests in the trees, and time and method of last scale treatment. From this report the insectary will classify the groves according to degree of infestation of the mealybug. It is expected that this survey will be completed before the next generation of mealybug appears in the field. With the aid of this information, the insectary will be able to distribute cryptolaemus to the heaviest infestations first, following with liberations on medium infestations and, before the season is over, possibly making some distribution of the ladybirds on light infestations. This method has several advantages. First, it will furnish to the insectary an estimate of the number of ladybirds required through the season; second, it will anticipate the requests for inspection which usually come with the opening of spring; and third, it will give the grower who is not familiar with the work of the citrophilus mealybug the same attention as to the one who has experienced considerable loss before learning the importance of this pest. Several times in the past, growers have failed to report infestations until they had become quite severe. If these infestations had been discovered at an earlier date, it is possible that some loss might have been averted. The spring production of cryptolaemus from the insectary will start shortly, and increase to the maximum during March, April and May. The facilities this spring are increased almost 100 per cent over last spring, and it is expected that the additional production will satisfactorily take care of the increase in acreage by natural spread. The infested area at the present time covers more than one-half of the citrus producing section of the county, there being only about half a dozen scattered infestations in the remaining area. The use of burlap on the mealybug infested tree aids control in two ways. First, it acts as a nest in which the mealybug will concentrate to oviposit, thus supplying a quantity of vailable food material for the cryptolaemus larvae; and second, it provides a protected place in which the cryptolaemus, and in some cases other natural enemies, may pass through the pupation period A. Fifty-six hundred yards. Q. What causes spontaneous combustion in coal piles? A. Oxidization of the coal so rapidly that it engenders heat sufficient to cause fire. Fires of this kind occur in masses of oilled rags, pyritous ores, coal and certain metals. Q. Did young Griffo, the boxer, ever hold a world's championship? A. Although he was considered one of the cleverest boxers in the ring, he never was a world champion. According to his record he lost only two fights during his entire career, and was never knocked out. Q. How many Japanese men and women are in Australia? A. There are reported 72,220 men and 84,698 women. Q. What is the difference between athletics, calisthenics and gymnastics? A. Athletics are games of sports collectively, that depend wholly or partly on feats of physical strength such as baseball, cricket, rowing and swimming and in a restricted sense feats of strength performed for their own sake and not as an incident of any games. Calisthenics are light-gymnastics designed to promote grace as well as health. Gymnastics are such exercises as tend to promote strength and agility. Q. What does "Attaboy" mean? A. It is slang, a contraction of "that's the boy," which was popular in the American expeditionary forces during the World war. Q. What are the nicknames for New Orleans, Los Angeles, Seattle, Detroit, and St. Louis? A. New Orleans is called "The Crescent City"; Los Angeles, "The City of Angeles"; Seattle, "The Queen City"; Detroit, "The City of the Straits," and St. Louis, "The Mound City." Q. Whose signature is first on the Treaty of Versailles? A. President Wilson was the first to sign the treaty. He affixed his signature at 3:15 p.m., June 28, 1919. Sixteen persons over the age of 100 years died in Quebec in 1927. So if you are a centenarian you want to stay away from Quebec. Important Science Taught to Students George Washington University Opens School of Government Plans are being made and extensive preparation going forward for the opening of the School of Government with the beginning of the fall term at George Washington University. The institution of this department of the university was made possible by a million-dollar donation on the part of the supreme council, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of the Southern Jurisdiction, as a memorial to George Washington, the Mason. The requirements of admission will be the same as that of Columbian College of the university, or, in other words, graduation from an accredited high school with the required number of units. A degree will be given after the completion of a four-year prescribed course in the School of Government. This course will give students a better idea about government administration, either federal, state or local, and include in them a broader conception of the duties and obligations of citizenship. The classes in local administration will make a study of the different types of city administration and the problems presented in public health and social science. In federal service, economics, commerce, political science and constitutional law will be stressed; in foreign service, modern language, export and import trade, international law and international finance. The first year in the School of Government will include English rhetoric, political science, biological science, modern language; the second year, English history, economics, physical science (mathematics and statistics included), geography; third year, modern European history, political science, philosophy, economics, and the fourth year, international law or international relations, constitutional law, American legislatures, political theory, municipal government, sociology, and American history. A certain number of electives will be required each year. The foreign service course, the museum, botanic gardens, coast and geodetic survey, naval observatory and others, offer a large field for research and study which is made available to the students. It is doubtful if in any other city there is such a wide source of valuable information offered to those in search of knowledge. George Washington University is successor to Columbia College of the District of Columbia, which was chartered by an act of congress approved February 9, 1821. In 1873, the name was changed to Columbia University and in 1904 it assumed its present name. Though at times struggling under adverse circumstances, the university has made remarkable progress and today includes departments of art and sciences, law and medicine, with an enrollment of more than 5000. A large percentage of the student body is working and paying its own expenses. The fact that a majority of the students are paying their own way gives to the school life an atmosphere of seriousness and determination that is not found in many other schools. Though there are social and athletic activities to be enjoyed, they are not looked upon as of paramount importance in comparison with the real purpose, that of absorbing and digesting KNOWING salary of the United States 20 the salary was receives $75,000 been in use have been used prior to the beng of the name German) name burny." besides cane and sweetening? maccharine and and 200-meter games? ce was won by at Britain, and Jackson V. Scholz runs has Babe 64 home runs; 1922, 36; in 1923, 25; in 1926, 47 num and may for retirement service of the 5 years and the amount is rising the average to exceed $1500 years of service of service, not dividing the case can the ever annum. imum range of yards. continuous comcoal so rapidly it sufficient to kind occur in vitious ores, coal the boxer, ever ship? considered one in the ring, he champion. Accord-only two fights and was never The foreign service course, the purpose of which is to impart to students a preparation that will enable them to enter and meet advantageously the severe competition in the import and export businesses of the United States, as well as given them a better opportunity of securing positions in the diplomatic and consular service in the department of state and the foreign trade service of the department of commerce, and the other departments, will also include four years' work. In the first year there will be given English, modern language, modern European history, political science; the second year, economics, modern language, diplomatic history of the United States, European governments, Latin-American history or government; the third year, commercial and maritime law, industrial and commercial geography, money and banking, international finance, English composition; the fourth year, international law, principles of ocean transportation, history of commerce, history of modern colonization, and statistics. In practically all of the professions and even businesses there are schools where aspirants may devote their time to special training in their chosen work, yet, in a very important phase of our national life, government administration and foreign service, there are very few, if any, schools that provide extensive courses. 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West Center Street SOUTHERN MEAT COMPANY Our Plant is always Open for ANAHEIM [Just Across The Road from the Sugar Factory] Anaheim, Cal., Feb. 23, 1928 the information offered by the university. In making possible a School of Government at that university, the supreme council has opened up a new field, one rich in resources and little cultivated. No doubt, young men and women will be quick to seize this opportunity to prepare themselves for work which offers so many possibilities for useful service to the nation and success to the individual. A machine is in use at Pittsburg which registers the number of persons attending a meeting by counting their shadows. This is all right, but how would it work at the ball park on a cloudy day? The situation in Europe must be getting serious. It is announced now that the League of Nations headquarters will be open nights in order to keep off war. 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