anaheim-gazette 1925-05-14

Work Explained By Experiment Station Annual Report Shows Many Discoveries Made in Year The investigational work in a large measure has been continuation of projects started in previous years. Much of the work has been directed toward problems of a fundamental nature. In agricultural chemistry special attention has been given to the study of various phases of the alkali problems and very rapid advance is being made. The laboratory investigations have been concerned directly with a study of replaceable bases in the soil and from the results obtained it is thought that the investigations will have a very fundamental bearing on the problem of reclamation in progress at Kearney Park, Fresno. The results also indicate that decided advances have been made and there is definite promise that this project will be brought to a successful conclusion. In entomology the activities have included work on fumigation, the investigation of codling moth in walnuts, the peach tree borer, the grape leaf hopper, red spider of citrus, the spraying of citrus trees and the control of the nematode. The work on fumigation has been concentrated largely on a study of the diffusion and concentration of hydrocyanic acid gas as affected by temperature and methods of generation. A comparison of the relative merits of spraying and dusting for the codlin moth in walnuts has been continued. Calcium cyanid and paradichlorobenzene have been tested for peach tree borer control at Humbet. Calcium oxalid dust and plowing dust have notta, two serious pests of citrus in Southern California is under way and substantial progress toward a knowledge of the life histories, habits and control of these pests has been made. In orchard management a very comprehensive study of orchard practices in the citrus industry of Southern California has been completed, the results being published in Bulletin 374 of the experiment station. For the past two years, working in cooperation with the division of viticulture and fruits products, the subject of dehydration of walnuts has been one of the important projects prosecuted by this division. This work has been terminated through the publication of the results obtained as Bulletin 376 of the experiment station. This has been of very great value in guiding the development of dehydration as an asset to walnut growing. The maintenance of the orange grove which was planted in 1917 to serve for the future fertilizer, cultural and irrigation trials has proceeded as in past years. Yield records covering a period of four years are now available from which the relative productivity of the several blocks and plots may be determined with some certainty. The precaution of obtaining yield records prior to the installation of differential treatments should eventually give this field trial greater value than is normally the case in such types of work. Now that the trees are well established and in bearing, the time has arrived for the installation of differential treatments and provision for this should be made for their development. For nearly five years field trials on the culture and fertilization of bearing orange orchards on the dry-bog soils of Tulare county have been under way. Marked results have been obtained and the money value of these trials investigated in real with the object alleviating it. An problem of alkalinity linked and has a significant importance tention has been of acid or alks absorption and given. This investigation publication of this year, while aration. AGRICULTURAL AND The preliminary United States tax investigation of producing butter and Denmark, v month, is of interest, says Face especially interested because it r the butter industry so that existing sugar. The part in both cases is ing domestic and commodities which cultural productions through a man fore entering are taken these commodities out of the m (which includes paid to the far terial of manufacture). In the public tariff commission course of the sy point was raised of the Hawaiian in its data as to sugar in Hawaii. A comparison of the relative merits of spraying and dusting for the codlin moth in walnuts has been continued. Calcium cyanid and paradichlorobenzene have been tested for peach tree borer control at Harnet. Calcium cyanid dust and nicotine dust have been utilized, particularly as a means of killing the adults of the grape leaf hopper in early spring. Work on the control of red spiders on citrus has been continued in co-operation with the farm advisors of Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties. Various kinds of sprays have been tested for the control of scale insects and other pests of citrus trees. Calcium cyanid has been introduced during the year as a new fumigant and gives promise of being very effective in the treatment of certain insect pests for which present control methods are ineffective. The application of this chemical to the control of nematodes is under investigation. Experiments with calcium cyanid have revealed: first, that in fumigation of citrus trees it is effective on insects but more injurious to the trees under certain climatic conditions; second, that if it is simply spread on the ground gas if given off in sufficient quantities to kill the scales on citrus if 25 per cent more of the material is used; third, calcium cyanid proved less satisfactory than paradichlorobenzine when used against peach tree borer; fourth, that good results were secured in treating soil for nematodes where 600 pounds to the acre was used; fifth, the use of this material against adults of the grape leaf hopper in the early spring gave promising results. In beneficial insect investigations importations of parasitic and predacious insects from South Africa for the control of the black scale have been received from Mr. Rust, who is maintained at Cape Town, South Africa, for the specific purpose of studying, collecting and exporting to California those insects which give promise of being of value in the control of the insect pests of citrus. As shipments are received a careful biological study is made of each species in insect-proof rooms in order that only parasites of assured value may be colonized. Several species are now being studied, and it is hoped that value than is normally the case in such types of work. Now that the trees are well established and in bearing, the time has arrived for the installation of differential treatments and provision for this should be made for their development. For nearly five years field trials on the culture and fertilization of bearing orange orchards on the dry-bog soils of Tulare county have been under way. Marked results have been obtained and the money value of these trials to the citrus industry in Tulare county can scarcely be overestimated. In plant breeding the experiments on citrus hybrids that were started in 1914 are now beginning to yield results. About 5000 hybrids were made, and budded trees for each of these are being grown for study and comparison. Many of these are now producing fruit and the really important part of the investigations is now just beginning. Already many interesting combinations have been discovered, but several years must of necessity elapse before the actual value of these hybrids can be developed. Studies of heredity of matthiola are being continued, as well as experimental work in breeding better types of beans. Examination of chromosomes in several species and horticultural varieties made it probable that the normal number of chromosomes in citrus is 18 (9 pairs), not 16 as determined by earlier workers. In plant pathology the work during the year has been mainly a continuation of studies previously started on the control of scale bark, the work being done on a commercial scale and designed to demonstrate the degree of control that can be expected from various treatments under actual field conditions. Further investigation of the shell bark of lemon trees has demonstrated with a fair degree of conclusiveness that the true causal organism of this condition is the fungus Phomopsis californica (Fawcett). Experimental work with stocks resistant to the crown gall indicated that some of the very resistant sorts or species, such as Prunus mume, may prove to be very satisfactory stocks for the apricot and possibly for other stone fruits. Among the diseases to which some time is being devoted the crown rot of walnut is worthy of mention. This disease was thought to be limited to the roots and crown of the southern black walnut, but what appears to be the same disease has also been found affecting the * In the public tariff commission course of the survey point was raised of the Hawaiian islands in its data as to sugar in Hawaii included the açane, while in other producing countries cepted the prices milling company cost, whereas there was dependent on sugar and whatever profit can grower. Up to that time distinguishing and manufacturing with an agricultural entity had not occurred commission. At been taken into mission's investment of sugar. Not his formation as to growing, the crop was unable to submit submitted to because of this information returned the order for commission supply him with lar point. Whether pertence in the because of a by importance cultural costs, the report of its interest has been at point cost of producing from the cost of charges, and may its report be raised the question costs should be discussion of the hearing in the business mission says in "Two kinds o' are involved in commercial butter who produce but factories. In two operatives they blinded. Necessary co-operatives include cost of producing costs of their been received from Mr. Rust, who is maintained at Cape Town, South Africa, for the specific purpose of studying, collecting and exporting to California those insects which give promise of being of value in the control of the insect pests of citrus. As shipments are received a careful biological study is made of each species in insect-proof rooms in order that only parasites of assured value may be colonized. Several species are now being studies and it is hoped that they may be colonized during the coming year. Of the several species of black scale parasites imported from our South African station, propagated and released in California, Coccophagus modestus (Silvestri) and C. trifasciatus (Compere) are the most promising. A monographic study of the natural enemies of the black scale has been practically completed. Work is being continued on the biological control of mealy bugs destructive to citrus and a publication on this subject is in preparation. Investigations on the natural control of the red and purple scale of citrus, the brown apricot scale, and the walnut scale have been initiated. Preliminary arrangements have been made with the view of securing parasites of a number of California noxious insects from Italy and provision is being made for their reception. Exploration in southeastern China with particular reference to parasites of the red and purple citrus scales will be undertaken at once. A catalogue of the host of relations of parasitic and predatory insects in the entire world is being undertaken in collaboration with Dr. L. O. Heward of the United States Department of Agriculture. In this project about 40,000 records have been accumulated to date. An investigation of the orange tortrix and the orange platy-resistant to the crown gall indicated that some of the very resistant sorts or species, such as Prunus mume, may prove to be very satisfactory stocks for the apricot and possibly for other stone fruits. Among the diseases to which some time is being devoted the crown rot of walnut is worthy of mention. This disease was thought to be limited to the roots and crown of the southern black walnut, but what appears to be the same disease has also been found affecting the northern black walnut. The cause of this disease has not been determined, but there is some evidence that it is due to a fungous infection. The diseased condition known as internal derline or membranous stain of lemons has been further studied, attention being largely devoted to the chemical changes caused in the fruit. The results obtained seem to confirm the belief that this condition is largely caused or stimulated by the withdrawal of water from the growing fruits during excessively hot and dry days when the transpiration is so great that the root system is unable to supply all of the water needed. In the further investigation of psorosis of oranges, the importance of a thorough scraping of the infected area previous to applying the disinfectant and the successful checking of the disease in the early stages has been fully demonstrated. In plant physiology studies have been continued upon the rate of growth and the inter-relations of certain physiological factors, and particular attention has been devoted to the problem of differentiation in the development of fruit trees. Work has also been started on the effects of hot, dry winds on citrus trees, causing the condition commonly known as "scorch." Meteorological, soil and physiological conditions have been in discussion of their hearing in the bioscience mission says in "Two kinds o' are involved in commercial butter who produce butter factories. In these operatives the two blined. Necessary co-operatives incur cost of producing costs of their creameries. Since material is about cost of the final costs are of dethe international. If we substitute the above statement palicable to the study are two kinds o' the production of ers who grow them (2) the sugar factor Hawaiian processes are combined the raw material of the cost of the farm costs are o' in international lating to sugar. That is what t might very well in its discussion actually did say for last month. Application has learned and has seen a new past year. It is in any further inveterer of farm costs tention which its The farmers tha say it with flour Wild life isn't just moving ANAHEIM GAZETTE MAY MASONIC ANNIVERSARIES In this gentle month of May, during which nature paints her beautiful pictures of springtime, when new life animates the handiwork of the Creator, and the tender buds and leaves bring gladness to the hearts of many, dispelling "the winter of our discontent" and radiating warmth of the early summer sun. Masonry is represented more strikingly in the anniversaries of her illustrious sons. The American Revolutionary period is productive of many noted Masonic names, a number of which are applicable for the May anniversaries. General Rufus Putnam, famous officer of the Continental army, was raised a Mason in American Union Lodge, September 6, 1779. When the Grand Lodge of Ohio was organized in 1808 he was unanimously chosen Grand Master, although by that time he was too aged for active service and was forced to decline. General Putnam died May 1, 1824, at Marietta, Ohio. Every school boy and girl in the United States is familiar with the thrilling narrative of Paul Revere's ride in the interest of American independence. Paul Revere was Grand Master of Masons in Massachusetts. During his tenure of office he laid the cornerstone of the state capital. He died May 10, 1818, at Boston. The unselfish sacrifices and sterling devotion of that true patriot Robert Morris can never be forgotten by loyal Americans. It was due to him and his financial assistance that George Washington was able to carry on the war to a successful conclusion. Morris not only gave his entire fortune and remained a member until his death. The Grand Lodge of Arizona has taken charge of the Christopher Carson grave lot and has erected an iron fence about it to keep relic-seekers from chipping off pieces of the monument that marked his grave. Brother Carson died May 24, 1868, at Santa Fe, N.M. Who can forget the distinguished Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary? Born May 6, 1856, at Crisson, Pa., Brother Peary was made a Master Mason in Kane Lodge, New York City, on March 3, 1896. Kane Lodge, by the way, holds among its treasures a Masonic flag presented to the admiral prior to his departure for the North and flown by him at various points in the Arctic. The flag was formally returned to Kane Lodge after his expedition returned. Our illustrious remarkable activities are too well known for embellishment in this column. Needless to state, Admiral Peary's name is indelibly stamped in America's book of scientific exploration, as well as Masonry's book of conscientious endeavor. William McKinley, twenty-fifth president of the United States, became a member of Winchester Hiram Lodge No. 21, Winchester, Va., on May 3, 1865. He was made a Knight Templar December 23, 1864, in Canton (Ohio) Commandery No. 38. The beloved McKinley was deeply attached to Masonry, and his exemplary life attained... In the public hearings before the tariff commission a year ago, in the course of the sugar investigation, the point was raised by representativer of the Hawaiian sugar producers that its data as to the cost of producing sugar in Hawaii the commission had included the actual cost of growing cane, while in the case of Cuba and other producing sections it had accepted the price paid for cane by the milling companies as representing its cost, whereas the price of cane itself was dependent upon the selling price of sugar and necessarily included whatever profit was realized by the cane grower. Up to that time the importance of distinguishing between agricultural and manufacturing costs in dealing with an agricultural product apparently had not occurred to the tariff commission. At any rate it had not been taken into account by the commission's investigators in their study of sugar. Not having obtained the information as to actual costs of cane growing, the commission of course was unable to include it in the report submitted to the President. It was because of the essential importance of this information that the Presiden returned the original sugar report to the commission with instructions to supply him with data on this particular point. Whether because of its experience in the sugar investigation or because of a belated recognition of the importance of having exact agricultural costs, the commission, in the report of its investigation of butter has been at pains to show the farm cost of producing butterfat separately from the cost of manufacture, capital charges, and marketing expense. In its report the commission pointedly raised the question of how agricultural costs should be treated and invited discussion of the subject at the public hearing in the butter case. The commission says in its report: "Two kinds of producing interests are involved in the production of commercial butter: (1) the farmers who produce butterfat, (2) the butter factories. In the case of the cooperatives the two interests are combined. Necessarily, the costs of the co-operatives include the agricultural cost of producing butterfat, plus the costs of their co-operatively owned dependence. Paul Revere was Grand Master of Masons in Massachusetts. During his tenure of office he laid the cornerstone of the state capital. He died May 10, 1818, at Boston. The unselfish sacrifices and sterling devotion of that true patriot Robert Morris can never be forgotten by loyal Americans. It was due to him and his financial assistance that George Washington was able to carry on the war to a successful conclusion. Morris not only gave his entire fortune to aid liberty's cause, but borrowed money from France. He sacrificed his comforts and fortune, resulting in the last years of his life being spent in poverty and debt. Robert Morris was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and was made a Master Mason in an old lodge in Pennsylvania. He died May 8, 1806. Daniel Carroll, who was, delegate to the convention which framed the United States Constitution, was a prominent Mason. He received the degrees in Lodge No. 16, Baltimore, Md., on May 8, 1781. The valiant Irish patriot of the American Revolution, Jeremiah O'Brien, was made a Mason in St. Andrew's Lodge of Boston, on May 28, 1778. O'Brien's name is closely associated with the activities of our navy during the revolutionary period. Major General David Wooster, valde to General Washington, was made a Mason in 1745, and was the founder and first Master of Hiram Lodge No. 1, New Haven, Conn.-General Wooster was wounded at the battle of Ridgefield and died as a result, on May 2, 1777. Eliphalet Bulkeley, lieutenant colonel Twenty-fifth Regiment Connecticut State Militia during the War of the Revolution, was a member of Wooster Masonic Lodge No. 10, Colchester, Conn., receiving his third degree March 3, 1790, and became Master of the lodge, May 4, 1791. During 1797 and 1798 he served as Grand Junior Warden of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut. Commodore Joshua Barney, prominently identified with the wars of 1776 and 1812, was made a Mason in the Lodge of the Nine Sisters at Paris, about 1779. His name appears on the roster of Lodge No. 3, Philadelphia, for May 1, 1777. Brother Barney died in 1818. The eminent French statesman, Voltaire, whose death occurred at Paris on May 30, 1779, was also made a Mason in the Lodge of the Nine If we substitute sugar for butter in the above statement, it is exactly applicable to the sugar industry. There are two kinds of interests involved in the production of sugar: (1) the farmers who grow the cane or beets, and (2) the sugar factories. In the case of Hawaiian producers, the two interests are combined. Since the cost of the raw material is 60 to 75 per cent of the cost of the final product, the farm costs are of decisive importance in international cost comparisons relating to sugar. That is what the tariff commission might very well have said a year ago in its discussion of sugar and what it actually did say in reference to butter last month. Apparently the commission has learned by its experience and has seen a new light during the past year. It is to be presumed that in any further investigations this matter of farm costs will receive the attention which its importance deserves. The farmers this year are going to say it with flour. Wild life isn't really disappearing. It is just moving to the cities. Commodore Joshua Barney, prominently identified with the wars of 1776 and 1812, was made a Mason in the Lodge of the Nine Sisters at Paris, about 1779. His name appears on the roster of Lodge No. 3, Philadelphia, for May 1, 1777. Brother Barney died in 1818. The eminent French statesman, Voltaire, whose death occurred at Paris on May 30, 1779, was also made a Mason in the Lodge of the Nine Sisters at Paris, April 7, 1778. His activities have been covered in a previous issue. The famous Scotch poet, James Hogg, became a Mason in Cannongate, Kilwinning Lodge, Scotland, May 7, 1835. Sir Archibald Alison, the celebrated English author, was born December 29, 1792, at Kenley, Shropshire, England, and died May 23, 1867, at Glasgow, Scotland. He was a member of Glasgow Kilwining Lodge, receiving his degrees in 1837. The stirring days of 1861-64, during which period our country was faced with the dark clouds of civil strife and the serious problem of secession, brings to mind the historic siege of Fort Sumter and the consipuous part it played at the very inception of the war. One cannot refer to this famous fortification without remembering the name of Major Robert Anderson, who is familiarly known as "the hero of Fort Sumter." Major Anderson was a Mason, having received his degrees in Mercer Lodge No. 50, Trenton, N.J. Every regular American boy can recount the thrilling adventure of Kit Carson, the famous Indian scout. Carson was made a Master Mason December 26, 1854, in Montezuma Lodge. Records show that he demitted from that lodge April 30, 1860, but affiliated again a few years later. A & B AUTO TOP AND PAINT SHOP New Again Let Us Make Your Car New Again California Tops and Enclosures Curtains and Cushions Repaired High Class Automobile Painting CLOSED CAR TRIMMING 415 East Center Telephone 91 tested his sincerity to the principles of the Craft. Charles W. Fairbanks, former vice-president of the United States, was born on May 11, 1852, near Unionville Center, Ohio, and is a member of Oriental Lodge No. 500, Indianapolis, Ind., having been raised to the Sublime Degree of Master Mason December 27, 1904. tested his sincerity to the principles of the Craft. Charles W. Fairbanks, former vice-president of the United States, was born on May 11, 1852, near Unionville Center, Ohio, and is a member of Oriental Lodge No. 500, Indianapolis, Ind., having been raised to the Sublime Degree of Master Mason December 27, 1904. Building Materials and DuPont Paints and Varnishes "SERVICE AND QUALITY" Van Dien Young Co. BUILDING MATERIAL DEALERS. 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