anaheim-gazette 1921-05-05

HOW TO KILL WEEDS Killing weeds is usually attended by the necessity of preserving grass or other vegetation, and consequently involves considerable work. Sometimes, however, it is desirable to keep an area clear of all vegetable life, as in the case of driveways, pavements, sidewalks, tennis courts, railroad rights-of-way, ditches, etc. In such cases a good chemical weed killer, properly used, will perform the work more quickly and easily and often more cheaply. The United States department of agriculture has tested a large number of chemicals for the purpose, but most of them are either ineffective or too expensive; but three substances have been found generally satisfactory. They are sodium arsenite, oil, and common salt. Sodium arsenite is the most powerful plant poison known that is cheap and readily prepared, and is the active constituent of practically all proprietary "weed killers." It is rather difficult to obtain ready made, and should be used while fresh, as it oxidizes readily and hardens when exposed to the air for several weeks. For persons having some experience in the handling of chemicals sodium arsenite can readily be made at home according to one of the following formulas: Formula No. 1— Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) 2 pounds. Or high-grade concentrated lye 3 pounds. White arsenic (arsenic trioxide) 4 pounds. Water to make 1 gallon. The caustic soda should be in the granulated form and of the grade known as 95 per cent, technical. This quality of caustic soda is sold in drums obtained chemical and its use for killing weeds in sidewalks and gutters is well known. Salt is applied either dry or in solution. Dry salt is used at the rate of 3 to 10 tons per acre, or a solution of $1-3 pounds to the gallon is applied at the rate of 250 to 400 gallons per acre. There is no particular advantage in having the brine heated. Waste chemicals from industrial works can sometimes be obtained at small costs for weed killing. The most common waste chemicals are sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, calcium chloride, waste acid, and waste oil. CALIFORNIA'S STATE BUDGET A budget calling for appropriations amounting to $81,387,692.51 was filed by the budget board with the California state legislature. This budget does not include a large number of additional special appropriation bills. In 1919, the budget totaled $47,580,-153.66, and the total appropriations in that year were $52,673,255.66. In Illinois, the budget recommended to the legislature now in session carried a total to be appropriated for the next biennium, payable out of taxes, amounting to $67,702,603.00, as contrasted with an appropriation of $62,097,008.00 for the present biennium, being an increase of only 9 percent. In New York, Governor Miller and the leaders of the legislature have agreed to hold down appropriations so that there will be no increase whatsoever over the appropriations by the last legislature. In fact, the revised budget just submitted calls for $133,-101,610.00 for the next year, as contrasted with $145,219,906.00 appropriated last year. This reduction is being accomplished by eliminating some unnecessary state agencies, consolidating others and practicing strict economy. Approximately 2,000 jobs are being obtained chemical and its use for killing weeds in sidewalks and gutters is well known. Salt is applied either dry or in solution. Dry salt is used at the rate of 3 to 10 tons per acre, or a solution of $1-3 pounds to the gallon is applied at the rate of 250 to 400 gallons per acre. There is no particular advantage in having the brine heated. CUBA'S TECHNIQUE Cuba is one of the earth in natural history a population quite unique to any orderly government gave it for many years together the fault of amendment, by which have the right to in order, is not without doubt. But its present fini not due to those elec tion which proves ders, but to the we do—largely America in crazy speculation sugar started up un given by the announ torney-general than planter in this course excited under the I.D not ask more than the Cuban growers crazy. There seem tion that boom price prevail, and banks s curity to amounts what the sugar wo bubble burst. And not only tha and others who sh better ordered goods could hear of them prices, and to make them gave duplication soever would acc e And when the sl ple of the island The planters could bank debts and th not pay for the good ordered, and which livered all in a bun es were filled, the high and ships by harbor unable to u ment declared a recently expired mulas: Formula No. 1— Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) 2 pounds. Or high-grade concentrated lye 3 pounds. White arsenic (arsenic trioxide) 4 pounds. Water to make 1 gallon. The caustic soda should be in the granulated form and of the grade known as 95 per cent, technical. This quality of caustic soda is sold in drums containing 5 pounds or more and can often be obtained from dealers in laundry supplies. For small operations the pure caustic soda, which comes in the form of sticks is convenient. White arsenic is a fine, white powder which is easily obtainable. Mix the caustic soda or lye with the white arsenic in a wooden, earthenware, or graniteware receptacle. Add the water slowly. In about 30 seconds the solution will begin to boil violently and should be stirred vigorously with a wooden paddle. The heat generated is usually sufficient to cause all the arsenic to dissolve and the mixture to become a gray, sirupy liquid. In case some of the arsenic remains in suspension, however, it will be necessary to heat the solution until the arsenic disappears. After cooling thoroughly add enough water to replace evaporation. Formula No. 2— Washing soda (sodium carbonate or sal soda) 8 pounds. Or soda ash (anhydrous sodium carbonate) 4 pounds. White arsenic (arsenic trioxide) 4 pounds. Water, to make 1 gallon. This mixture does not generate heat upon adding water, and must be boiled to bring the arsenic into solution. In either of the above formulas 1 gallon of the solution contains 4 pounds of soluble arsenic trioxide, or approximately 5-1-3 pounds of arsenite of soda. To prepare the weed-killer solution dissolve 5 pounds of prepared sodium arsenite or 1 gallon of the above stock solution in 50 gallons of water. The amount to be used per given area depends upon the character and size of vegetation, the weather, and method of application. For average conditions 600 gallons of the weed-killer solution are required per acre, or 1 gallon of concentrated stock solution would make sufficient week-killing solution to cover an area 60 by 60 feet. Chemical weed killers give the best results on a cloudy, humid day, when the leaders of the legislature have agreed to hold down appropriations so that there will be no increase whatsoever over the appropriations by the last legislature. In fact, the revised budget just submitted calls for $133,-101,610.00 for the next year, as contrasted with $145,219,906.00 appropriated last year. This reduction is being accomplished by eliminating some unnecessary state agencies, consolidating others and practicing strict economy. Approximately 2,000 jobs are being lopped off the state's payroll. In California, on the other hand, the proposed budget of $81,387,692.51 is $23,714,436.85 in excess of the 1919 appropriations of $52,673,255.66, being an increase of 54.5 per cent. Eliminating entirely the increased expenditure of approximately $18,000,-000.00 per biennium voted by the people at the last general election, this budget would still carry $63,387,692.51, which is an increase over the 1919 appropriations of $10,714,436.85, which increase amounts to more than 20 per cent. While Illinois proposes an increase of only 9 per cent over the 1919 appropriations, and while New York proposes to get along without any increase at all, California has had presented to its legislature a budget calling for an increase of more than 50 per cent over the 1919 appropriations, if the item of $18,000,000.00 is included, and of more than 20 per cent if that item is entirely eliminated. The California budget includes a deficiency allowance for the present biennium amounting to $1,064,553.78, and in Illinois there is a deficiency of $2,225,000..00, consisting of $2,125,-000.00 for operation and $100,000.00 for salaries and wages. If allowance is made for these deficiencies, the result of the foregoing comparison is still substantially the same. The percentage of the budget increase in California is still more than twice that in Illinois, even if the item of $18,000,.000.00 voted by the people of this state at the last general election, is excluded from the comparison, while in the state of New York the present indications are that the total appropriations, including both budget and all special appropriations, will be approximately $9,000,000.00 less than last year's appropriations. This situation is one which may well cause every citizen, taxpayer and legislator to pause and to ask whether there is not some way in which the brakes can be applied to the ever-mounting cost of state government in And when the slave plague of the island The planters could bank debts and then not pay for the good ordered, and which livered all in a bung es were filled; they high and ships by harbor unable to u ment declared a recently expired; and debtors could still notes and the banks their depositors condition of bankruptcy Island. The wharves at last and then the goods are still planters are unable cultivate the cane work out of it in rich, but the losses The condition of wild speculation w WASTING TIME Clubs and civics are adopting res olving against the "electric power within national power their breath and a statement made M. Shortridge by tive secretary of commission. The commission under the law to apply applications for th plants in the Unit o f most power the federal govern ership made up war agriculture Executive Sec highest officer attention and in direct and field force; l le table for the "There isn't this or the next gisting national par t threatened by a plant. There are sources outside th needs for years memory there has er plant built wit That was at You plant was erected itself. There ha s of national parks "After one sits situation there s arsenite or 1 gallon of the above stock solution in 50 gallons of water. The amount to be used per given area depends upon the character and size of vegetation, the weather, and method of application. For average conditions 600 gallons of the weed-killer solution are required per acre, or 1 gallon of concentrated stock solution would make sufficient week-killing solution to cover an area 60 by 60 feet. Chemical weed killers give the best results on a cloudy, humid day, when rain is not expected within 12 hours. Treatment should not be given while the soil it wet, but if it is very dry it should be moistened slightly to prevent the chemical from soaking in too rapidly. When the vegetation is large it should be moved before treatment, after which it is well to wait several days before treatment, allowing the vegetation to partially resume growth and exhaust the roots. Not all plants are affected alike by the chemical. Perennial plants like dock, horsetail, and quack-grass are very persistent, and continue to send up new leaves as fast as the old ones are killed. As it is impracticable to use enough chemical to penetrate the soil and kill the roots, it is necessary to exhaust the roots by continually killing back the top growth. Annual plants are usually dead in one to three days. For ordinary purpose a shrinking can, a small watering cart, or a garden hose and nozzle fastened to a force pump are the most convenient for applying the poison. Almost all oils are destructive to vegetation, but the mineral oils are the only ones cheap enough for general use. Oils are usually applied at the rate of 300 to 400 gallons per acre. A high-powered spray pump is very desirable for this work. Common salt is a cheap and easily excluded from the comparison, while in the state of New York the present indications are that the total appropriations, including both budget and all special appropriations, will be approximately $9,000,000.00 less than last year's appropriations. This situation is one which may well cause every citizen, taxpayer and legislator to pause and to ask whether there is not some way in which the brakes can be applied to the ever-mounting cost of state government in California. SALES TAX PROPOSED Washington, April 26.—A77cotes of a sales tax as a substitute for the excess profits tax intend to press measures which they declare will yield more in revenue than resulted from the excess profits tax, the transportation tax and other wartime taxes. Representative Leane Bacharach, of New Jersey, a member of the ways and means committee, who early advocated such a tax, will introduce his original bill with some modifications, while another bill along different lines, the work of Senator Reed Smoot, of the finance committee, will be introduced in the senate on Tuesday. Senator Smoot's bill is based largely on the principles of the Philippine sales tax system, and he estimates it will yield about $1,500,000,000. Under the plan proposed by Senator Smoot, practically all of the existing taxes involving sales, excepting the income taxes, normal tax on business, the inheritance tax, the automobile tax and the tax on pleasure boats, would be repealed and a 1 per cent tax on all sales substituted. The present beverage and tobacco taxes would continue in force. This would eliminate the theatre tax, amusement taxes and all of the so-called luxury taxes. Commenting on statement, Senate: "The people owe them not deny them water which they sary to the future utilization of the Park." "What the west general principles shall apply in parks as now con- ANAHEIM GAZETTE CUBA'S TROUBLES Cuba is one of the richest spots on the earth in natural resources. It has a population quite unwilling to submit to any orderly government, and the wretched misgovernment which Spain gave it for many years was not altogether the fault of Spain. The Platt amendment, by whose authority we have the right to intervene to enforce order, is not without reason. But its present financial troubles are not due to those elements of the population which provoke political disorders, but to the wealthy and well-to-do—largely Americans—who indulged in crazy speculation in sugar. When sugar started up under the impulse given by the announcement of our attorney-general that no cane sugar planter in this country would be prosecuted under the Lever act if he did not ask more than 17 cents apound, the Cuban growers went absolutely crazy. There seemed to be a conviction that boom prices would always prevail, and banks loaned on sugar security to amounts far in excess of what the sugar would bring when the bubble burst. And not only that, but merchants and others who should have known better ordered goods wherever they could hear of them at corresponding prices, and to make sure of getting them gave duplicate orders to whomsoever would accept them. And when the slump came the people of the island were flat broke. The planters could not meet their bank debts and the merchants could not pay for the goods which they had ordered, and which came in to be delivered all in a bunch. The warehouses were filled, the docks were piled high and ships by scores laid in the harbor unable to unload. The government declared a mortatorium, which recently expired, and when it expired parks be protected, and still with the commission left free to deal with special cases in special ways." WHY RAILROADS ARE NOW ON THE ROCKS So severe an indictment of the federal control period and the "national agreements" is made by President Gorman in the Rock Island annual report, as to merit special attention. Pointing out that after the government had had the property for nearly three years it came back "saddled with an increase in payrolls of approximately $44,000,000 per annum," he declares that a very substantial part of the increased burden comes from the "rules and reclassification". Of employees pursuant to the national agreements. A few specific instances of how the rules and classifications work are striking: On Dec. 31, 1917, the last day prior to federal control, the Rock Island had two boys at Esterville, Iowa, whose duty it was to notify the crews of the time or report for duty. One of these boys received $49.50 per month and the other 22 cents an hour, or about $69 per month for a 12-hour day. They have been reclassified under the so-called clerks' national agreement, and each now receives approximately $190 per month. Dec. 31, 1917, there were two stationary engineers at the 47th street shops, Chicago, whose duties consisted of starting the machinery which operates the shops as well as starting the electric generator and operating circuit breakers. The salary of the day man was $100 per month and that of the night man $115.50 per month; both of them stayed on the job until the work was done. During federal control they were reclassified as electricians and placed on an 8-hour-day... And when the slump came the people of the island were flat broke. The planters could not meet their bank debts and the merchants could not pay for the goods which they had ordered, and which came in to be delivered all in a bunch. The warehouses were filled, the docks were piled high and ships by scores laid in the harbor unable to unload. The government declared a mortatorium, which recently expired, and when it expired debtors could still not meet their bank notes and the banks could not pay their depositors. There is a general condition of bankruptcy all over the island. The wharves have been cleared at last and the ships unloaded, but the goods are still there unsold and planters are unable to get money to cultivate the cane fields. They will work out of it in time, for the island is rich, but the losses have been fearful. The condition of Cuba shows what wild speculation will do. WASTING THEIR BREATH Clubs and civic organizations that are adopting resolutions and protesting against the "danger" of hydro-electric power plant encroachment within national parks, are wasting their breath and energy, according to a statement made to Senator Samuel M. Shortridge by O. C. Merrill, executive secretary of the federal power commission. The commission has full authority under the law to grant or to refuse all applications for the erection of power plants in the United States. It is one of the most powerful commissions in the federal government with its membership made up of the secretaries of war; agriculture and interior. Executive Secretary Merrill, the highest officer attached to the commission and in direct charge of the office and field force, laid all his cards on the table for the senator. He said: "There isn't the slightest chance in this or the next generation of any existing national park being seriously threatened by a hydro-electric power plant. There are plenty of power sources outside the parks to supply the needs for years and years. In my memory there has been only one power plant built within a national park. That was at Yelloystone, and the plant was erected by the government itself. There has been no spoliation of national parks by private capital. "After one sits down and studies the situation there seems no chance of Dec. 31, 1917, there were two stationary engineers at the 47th street shops, Chicago, whose duties consisted of starting the machinery which operates the shops as well as starting the electric generator and operating circuit breakers. The salary of the day man was $100 per month and that of the night man $115.50 per month; both of them stayed on the job until the work was done. During federal control they were reclassified as electricians and placed on an 8-hour-day basis with overtime at the rate of time and one-half. One man received back pay amounting to $1467.50, and the other $1846.86. Their present pay is 85 cents an hour, and since they are on an 8-hour basis it is necessary to employ three men at 85 cents hourly rate to do the work formerly done by the two; and the monthly pay of each of these three men average $204, plus overtime—a total of $612, plus overtime, for work formerly costing $215.50! Dec. 31, 1917, a water service repair man on the Illinois division, who repaired pumps and pumping stations which supply water to tanks for locomotive use, received 35 cents an hour. He was reclassified under federal control, received $1068.52 back pay, and now is paid 85 cents an hour with overtime after eight hours at the rate of time and one-half—a monthly rate of $176.80, plus overtime. Dec. 31, 1917, a so-called "front end inspector" at Trenton, Mo., was paid 37 cents an hour. His work required no skill, being merely to open up the front end of the locomotives and examine with a light to see that there were no holes or worn portions in the spark arresters. Under federal control he was classified as a boilermaker, received back pay amounting to $376.34, and is now paid 85 cents an hour, or $176.80 a month, with overtime after eight hours at the rate of time and one-half. In all the shops employees who check in and out on their own time receive an extra hour of compensation each week. This rule cost the Rock Island in 1920 approximately $365,000, for which no work whatever was done for the company. And the people still wonder why the railroads are on the rocks. SUGAR BEETS Never was the value of a "guaranteed price" crop better illustrated than with growing of sugar beets today. While prices for other farm crops are largely unsettled, the sugar com- listing national park being seriously threatened by a hydro-electric power plant. There are plenty of power sources outside the parks to supply the needs for years and years. In my memory there has been only one power plant built within a national park. That was at Yelloystone, and the plant was erected by the government itself. There has been no spoliation of national parks by private capital. "After one sits down and studies the situation there seems no chance of serious clash between the group wanting to develop the natural resources of the country and the group that wants to preserve the natural resources as they are, if the present park boundaries are let alone. Apparently, there is plenty of ground left to serve both interests adequately. "The question of power and irrigation development along the Colorado is a question of the development of desert country, and the Colorado development must be handled on its merits. One of the problems facing the board is the conservation of fuel oil for use by the navy and merchant marine, and the gradual withdrawal of fuel oil from industrial plants in the west, with the substitution of hydroelectric energy. This is a point that is always before the board in making its decisions and one which the members constantly keep in mind." Commenting on Secretary Miller's statement, Senator Shortridge said: "The people of the west ask that they be not denied the right to use the water which may become necessary to the future growth of the population of the Pacific slope. What the west desires is that the general principles of the Esch bill shall apply in park protection, national parks as now constituted; that exist- in 1920 approximately $365,000, for which no work whatever was done for the company. And the people still wonder why the railroads are on the rocks. SUGAR BEETS Never was the value of a "guaranteed price" crop better illustrated than with growing of sugar beets today. While prices for other farm crops are largely unsettled, the sugar companies and the beet growers have arrived at a definite contract schedule for beets which assures the farmer a good profit and a certain market. The American beet sugar industry has been a great help to western agricultural development and has prevented this nation from being dependent on foreign sugar supplies. It will probably be necessary for our government to give this industry some protection in the interest of the farmer and manufacturer as against unlimited foreign competition of sugar produced on a much lower wage scale than in this country. CROP PROSPECTS GOOD E. E. Kaufman, of the California Co-operative Crop Reporting service, a branch of the state and national departments of agriculture, declares that there is every indication of a heavy citrus crop throughout the orange belt, despite possible slight damage from heat during the present blossoming season. Kaufman was in Santa Ana largely for the purpose of visiting county bees and looking over apiaries with a view of securing statistics on Orange county honey production. Crop conditions are very poor in other sections of the southern part." in many ways." Following Kaufman's observations in the county today, some interesting information on local crops should be available. DECREASE IN FOREIGN BORN Germany, Austria, Ireland and Russia, natives of which made up more than 59 per cent of the country's total foreign-born population ten years ago, showed heavy losses in the number of their natives in the United States during the last ten years. Immigration bureau statistics show. The losses aggregated almost 2,000,000 and are believed to have been due largely to the world war. German-born showed a loss of 818,035; Austrain-born, a loss of 600,014; Irish-born, a loss of 316,571, and Russian-born, a loss of 203,783. Notwithstanding this heavy loss, the country's total foreign-born population, as just announced in a preliminary statement prepared for congress, showed an increase of 358,442, or 2.6 per cent, the total number of foreign-born being 13,703,987. The increase is believed to have been the smallest both in number and percentage ever recorded for any decade. A Virginia Democratic congressman objected to the swearing in of a Kansas member of the house who was alleged to have spent more than the legal amount of money in his campaign. In view of the fact that fully one-half of the solid south members of the house are there through the grace of unconstitutional disfranchisement schemes one would think that any of them would be modest about raising the question as to anybody's right to sit in congress. Homer Cummings says the Democrats have kept the faith. That does seem to be about all they have been given an opportunity to keep. A nation is like an individual in that it is hard for one that is drunk, crazy or running amuck to establish trade relations with anybody. DODGE BROTHERS MOTOR CAR Dodge Brothers expect every car sold to be the basis of a friendly association with owner. The car is built with that thought upper-most, and every possible human effort is put forth to win and hold public good will. The gasoline consumption is unusually low. The tire mileage is unusually high. Chas. H. Mann Exclusive Dealer for Anaheim 210 S. Los Angeles St. Phone 43 WICK'S PHILOSOPHY These mail order concerns do not pay your local taxes, employ local people, build up your community, support your schools, or other local institutions. Jesse James and his gang held up individuals here and there, but did not operate like these mail order grafters. Our gross margin on sales is 14 per cent. Out of this margin we pay all of our overhead including the support of over 65 employees and dependants, support local enterprises, pay local, state and federal raxes, maintain an industrial plant and the remainder our net profit, is kept working for you right here at home. We serve this community with Fords, used cars, Fordsons, farm implements, and such other merchandise just as essential to the welfare of this prosperous community. As our stock is complete we make immediate delivery at your homes if desired. Phone us your orders. SERVICE THAT SATISFIES Wickersheim Implement Co. Fullerton, Cal.