anaheim-gazette 1920-01-29

ORANGE COUNTY FIELD SOILS ANALYSIS PROF. J. W. NELSON OF THE STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE LECTURES AT YORBA LINDA Gives Some Pertinent Information to the Ranchers Relative to Soils and Irrigation.—Samples of Soil Shown During Lecture. Orange county has recently had a series of field soil lectures and demonstrations of an extremely practical nature, says Ernest Braunton in the Cultivator. Armed with a soil auger the lecturer stalks into the field, bores down into the soil, uses the auger as a station and to lean upon betimes and discourses to his audience on what is beneath their feet. Afterward he bores deeply and brings up samples to prove the truth of his statements. Farm Advisor Wahlberg had as his guest during last week J. W. Nelson, professor of soil technology at the state college of agriculture. Prof. Nelson has been with us ten years, previous to which time he was for 12 years with the bureau of soils, United called false blooming is highly injurious. "I know a citrus orchard that was badly affected with mottle leaf. The owner was advised to run water down furrows about ten inches from the trees. This he did and in six or seven years the mottle leaf had entirely disappeared, though the case was a bad one. If we do not properly handle our soils the orchard areas may be back in grain in 50 years, for that is the history of many orchard sections in other states. Kansas is a notable example. You must replace the nitrates drawn out by the crops. Organic matter must be introduced. Keep up the supply of nitrogen. Every time you plow or cultivate you lose nitrogen and in some way you must put it back. "Double cover crops will solve many serious orchard problems. After a winter cover crop is turned under the surface seven inches of soil shows a temperature of 120 to 130 degrees in warm spring weather. This is bad for humus, which is burned out through exposure, for heat oxidizes the organic matter and summer cover crops keep the soil cool and bacterial activity is good. Moreover, summer tillage is not needed and so the cover crop is not an added heavy expense. I know of one case where a reddish brown cemented soil was converted to a fine soil in seven years. In 48 hours the water would go down but 20 inches. Seven years later it would reach 48 inches in 24 hours. This was under double cover cropping and the soil was also doing it a own fertility work. Where no water is available for summer cover crop apply barnyard ma- repairing, troubles testing, etc. Grams will be sition pictures of This course is agricultural Engineering College of Agriculture. The enrollment Short Course in dents must be and directly f The enrollment should be mailed to the Director, Riverside, AMERICA'S During the pation has been a the United State minished even the war. As ber, and as all looking at th papers, there w in building per cities, following the democratic There was a di money in const unsound econom certain to be e The period o was followed b of prosperity b so that war i available labor struction impo the line of pe was neglected city and countr and discourses to his audience on what is beneath their feet. Afterward he bores deeply and brings up samples to prove the truth of his statements. Farm Advisor Wahlberg had as his guest during last week J. W. Nelson, professor of soil technology at the state college of agriculture. Prof. Nelson has been with us ten years, previous to which time he was for 12 years with the bureau of soils, United States department of agriculture. At Yorba Linda he spoke in part as follows: "This region is an old alluvial plain elevated by mechanical action and is now in advanced age. During the last hundred years it has been getting into the condition you now find it, the subsoil getting harder and closer all the time. The rain each year percolates and carries with it the finer particles of soil and, finally, unless the process is arrested, the subsoil becomes hardpan. This is due largely to iron salts or silicates. "This tendency and condition the farmer must overcome by intelligent practice, for when roots reach this hardpan it is high time to act. This hardpan is not at uniform depth for rains do not percolate evenly in such soils. When they strike this hard stratum they can go down but little more and that but slowly. The rains or irrigation water meet the same resistance. Water lying thus develops a toxic condition and trees are thereby harmed and may in a few years be killed. One farmer, visited some years ago, had land of a 30 per cent slope and presumed his subsolil was parallel with the surface and therefore provided perfect drainage. But after eight or ten years of irrigation his trees began to suffer, and cat-tails and rushes began to grow in spots. Tests with a soil auger proved that his subsolil had an undulating surface, the little hollows forming shallow reservoirs in great number, and the water lying therein poisoned the tree roots. "Another rancher had an almond grove not irrigated for 30 years. When the nuts were half grown the trees did not appear in best condition, so a heavy irrigation was given. The water went down to hardpan, among the feeding roots, a hot spell of not needed and so the cover crop is not an added heavy expense. I know of one case where a reddish brown cemented soil was converted to a fine soil in seven years. In 48 hours the water would go down but 20 inches. Seven years later it would reach 48 inches in 24 hours. This was under double cover cropping and the soil was also doing it’s own fertility work. Where no water is available for summer cover crop apply barnyard manure if you can get it. "Now that the farm bureau movement is so well organized we should hire a man to buy up all the farm manure in six or eight Western states. Maine potato growers are shipping it from these states and if they can afford to do so for potatoes we can afford to do it for our orchards. We should have it shipped in solid trainloads. Care for manure; 65 per cent of the value of stable manure is in the liquids and this may be washed away. Also lime your soils. Lime being easily soluble is one of the first things carried away after soil is stirred. We cannot too much advise on experience gained at the state farm at Davis, for soils vary much and their amelloration is a local problem for each farm center. "Plant cover crops last of August or early September. If no rains come, irrigate. If soil is hard and rains light, lime will open your soil and a series of check dams or deep furrows will hold the water. Disk cover crops in if soil is double cropped, but if only single crop is used, turn it in deeply, one foot if possible. See that soil is filled with water during winter as a base for lighter applications during summer. Do not merely irrigate every 30 days or any other specific period if you have any choice. Use the soil auger to determine when water is needed. Cover crops may be of cow peas or melilotus alba. These annuals are generally better than alfalfa, for the latter usually is harvested, though the deeper rooting is highly beneficial." Asked if disks or mouldboards were most favorable to hardpan, Prof. Nelson replied that disks packed the soil less, also do not tear out roots as do plows proper. Asked as to deep culti- unsound economy certain to be e The period o was followed b of prosperity b so that war i available labor struction imp the line of pe was neglected. city and countr Railroads buil neglected repa such as renewi bridges, buying almost every c cilities are ina ing space does n mand. Enterpri tural steel have owning to th war the steel m orders. All these fact the prediction t to five years, a work for all wh tion for every w will take not t dollars expende struction to put an efficient worl nearly half th country with th properly house reconstruction th there will be a the farm produc The logging can planing mills, th lies, the paper houses, the text will all be work capacity. With all the c country, and th portunity for ube be no excuse foe of either labor activities of bolmen of enterpris undertakings. By their acti vember, 1918, their determina nment to th e rational, delibera to put an end t teria. The Ser an undulating surface, the little hollows forming shallow reservoirs in great number, and the water lying therein poisoned the tree roots. "Another rancher had an almond grove not irrigated for 30 years. When the nuts were half grown the trees did not appear in best condition, so a heavy irrigation was given. The water went down to hardpan, among the feeding roots, a hot spell of weather came which rapidly developed a poisonous condition, and in one week his trees were dead. "Get a soil auger and bore down six feet at specific distances over all your orchards and make a subsol or hardpan map. Note particularly if it is as far down to hardpan at the upper end of the orchard as it is at the lower end, and if water is percolating to a like depth. Do not look at the tree to see if it appears to need irrigating, for it is then too late for best results, for the tree gets a shock from shortage of water and another when it gets a sudden and copious supply. This series of shocks is highly injurious. Use a soil auger to determine when irrigation is necessary. I find that orchards south of the Tehachapi are but 60 per cent of normal. "In many orchards but 80 per cent of the area used by the trees is irrigated. Water is run so far from the rows that tests show four feet about the trunk is not wet during irrigation. This is therefore useless ground during the growing period. In the winter, after rains, this space becomes saturated and we have a 100 per cent growing area. But it is not then needed! Fall blooming often results from this stimulus to working roots nearly dormant during the summer. This so- Asked if disks or mouldboards were most favorable to hardpan, Prof. Nelson replied that disks packed the soil less, also do not tear out roots as do plows proper. Asked as to deep cultivation or plowing, he said that farmers who claimed to plow deeply turned over but four or five inches, as was proven by measured furrow—that ten inches, which really is deep plowing, is most unusual. Where soil surface is very hard and rains run off, he advocated plowing very deep furrows, filling in with bean straw, or some such material, thus making a permanent trap for rain water. GAS TRACTOR SHORT COURSE "Eight hours of tractor instruction every day" is planned for the Gas Tractor Short Course, which is to be held at the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, February 23-28. Every stcdent upon registering will be assigned to a group and furnished with a schedule which will show jcst where he will work and what he will be doing for the entire course. A few hours each day will be spent in attending lecture-demonstrations given by Professor L. J. Fletcher on such subjects as carburetion, fuel, tractor construction, tillage implements, etc. The remainder of the day will be divided into four periods, which will be spent in the study and operation of the fourteen tractors, or in attending demonstrations of motor "Senator Kenny proposes for adoption a percent investor, with multitude of projects. Responsibility in prospectuses of the way in which orders is handled, with heavy pen provisions public documents filed with giving all details would be required $5,000 fine and ment would be false statements." ANAHEIM GAZETTE repairing, trouble finding, horse power testing, etc. Several evening programs will be arranged, at which motion pictures of tractors will be shown. This course is conducted by the Agricultural Engineering Division of the College of Agriculture, University of California. The enrollment in the Gas Tractor Short Course is limited to 180. Students must be over 18 years of age and directly interested in tractors. The enrollment fee is $1.00, which should be mailed with application to the Director, Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, Calif. AMERICA'S BRIGHT OUTLOOK During the past five years construction has been almost at a standstill in the United States. Construction diminished even before the outbreak of the war. As most men will remember, and as all men can ascertain by looking at the files of commercial papers, there was a marked falling off in building permits in practically all cities, following the inauguration of the democratic administration in 1913. There was a disposition not to invest money in construction in view of the unsound economic legislation that was certain to be enacted. The period of industrial depression was followed by an abnormal period of prosperity based upon war orders, so that war industries absorbed all available labor, making normal construction impossible. Everything in the line of peace time construction was neglected. Home-building in both city and country remained stationary. SALVATION ARMY IN VADES RURAL DISTRICTS Will Have Advisory Board in Each County for Relief of Distress. The Salvation Army with the announced intention of extending to rural districts and communities the work which for 40 years it has carried on in the great cities has launched throughout California its 1920 Home Service Program. This program is being simultaneously carried on in six other western states and will be extended to all states west of the Mississippi just as rapidly as the limited field personnel of the Army will permit. For two score years the Salvation Army, with the indefatigable courage for which its workers are known, has been laboring to heal the festering social cares of humanity in the great metropolitan area of the country. A close analysis of a large number of cases with which the Army has dealt has convinced it that many of these social problems have their origin. The period of industrial depression was followed by an abnormal period of prosperity based upon war orders, so that war industries absorbed all available labor, making normal construction impossible. Everything in the line of peace time construction was neglected. Home-building in both city and country remained stationary. Railroads built no new tracks and neglected repairs to their property, such as renewing ties, reconstructing bridges, buying new cars, etc. In almost every city the schoolhouse facilities are inadequate. Office building space does not near meet the demand. Enterprises requiring structural steel have deferred construction owning to the fact that during the war the steel mills were busy on war orders. All these facts furnish the basis for the prediction that for the next three to five years, at least, there will be work for all who want it, and occupation for every useful enterprise. It will take not less than five billion dollars expended in repairs and construction to put the railroads back on an efficient working basis. It will take nearly half that sum to supply this country with the needed residences to properly house its people. While this reconstruction work is in progress, there will be a ready market for all the farm products that can be raised. The logging camps, the saw mills and planing mills, the mines and foundaries, the paper mills, the packing houses, the textile and clothing mills, will all be working at practically full capacity. With all the manifest needs of the country, and the almost unlimited opportunity for useful service, there can be no excuse for idleness on the part of either labor or capital unless the activities of bolshevists shall frighten men of enterprising spirit from new undertakings. By their action at the polls in November, 1918, the people indicated their determination to return the government to the control of the party of rational, deliberate administration and to put an end to government by hysteria. The Senate has assured the rapidly as the limited field personnel of the Army will permit. For two score years the Salvation Army, with the indefatigable courage for which its workers are known, has been laboring to heal the festering social osres of humanity in the great metropolitan area of the country. A close analysis of a large number of cases with which the Army has dealt has convinced it that many of these social problems have their origin in rural districts. With this discovery the Army decided to turn its attention to cause as well as effect, hence its Home Service Program. In every county in California county advisory boards composed of the most representative citizens in their respective communities are being organized to co-operate with the Salvation Army in systematically relieving distress and endeavoring by study and application to reduce the cases that are so productive of social disorders in the cities. In this work the Salvation Army aims not to duplicate the activities of any other social or religious agency. Its purpose is the fullest utilization of the vast machinery for social good which its forty years of work has constructed. Among the departments and agencies which can best be utilized by the county advisory boards are: the emergency department, missing friends' bureau, Juvenile, Industrial and agricultural schools for delinquent, dependent and orphaned children, boys' friend bureau, young women's boarding homes, rescue and maternity homes and industrial homes for men. POLITICAL SQUIBS Col. Bryan isn't satisfied with three times at bat. How that man does enjoy fanning out. The fact remains that Rear-Ad-Doc Cary, just awarded the distinguished service cross for extraordinary heroism, couldn't keep out of bed the man who kept us out of war. President Wilson is willing to compromise with everybody on earth on any subject whatsoever excepting with In the words of Kipling, the future President must be able "to keep his head, when all abot him are losing theirs and blaming it on him." He must be able to trust himself and yet be willing and ready to take counsel. All men must count with him, and none too much. He must be able to look before and after, and to do the needed thing of the hour. At no time in our history has the presidency been more difficult and anxious as it will be during the next four years. It will be a task for the best of men and strain every ounce of worth There is in him. Whenever is the forcate or unfortunate one to occup this great office the next four years will require and need the hearty cooperation and support of every citizen. For the people have their ideal of a President, latent and unexpressed perhaps, but none the Jess exacting and high. Who will measure up to this high standard? Who will lead the people wisely in these uncertain hours? "We the people," must soon answer the mighty question and upon us the responsibility will rest. Did you know that I am going out of the jewelry business? Come in and let us show you what big discounts we are offering. THEODORE BOBERTS. Jeweler. be no excuse for indifference on the part of either labor or capital unless the activities of bolshevists shall frighten men of enterprising spirit from new undertakings. By their action at the polls in November, 1918, the people indicated their determination to return the government to the control of the party of rational, deliberate administration and to put an end to government by hysteria. The Senate has assured the country that our affairs shall not be subordinated to the interests and will of European powers. We shall make no 'supreme sacrifice.' Congress is placing upon the statute books laws for the suppression of sedition and anarchy. The people of the country have demonstrated that they will not longer acquiesce in class legislation and administration. After the close of the present regime in 1921, we are to have government of, by and for all the people. The future of America is bright. SAFEGUARDING INVESTORS "Senator Kenyon has prepared and proposes for adoption a law that would go the limit in protection of the innocent investor, who is applied to by a multitude of wildcat investment projects. Responsibility for statements in prospectuses and responsibility for the way in which the money of investors is handled, would be provided for, with heavy penalties. Among other provisions publicity through statements filed with every postmaster giving all details of new securities would be required and penalties of $5,000 fine and five years' imprisonment would be imposed for making false statements to investors through The fact remains that Rear-Ad-Doc Cary, just awarded the distinguished service cross for extraordinary heroism, couldn't keep out of bed the man who kept us out of war. Presidept Wilson is willing to compromise with everybody on earth on any subject whatsoever excepting with the co-ordinate treaty making power of his own nation. "It is high time," says the Philadelphia Press, "that there was some sort of effective reorganization of the department of labor. This is the feeling both at Washington and throughout the country. Administration politicians are slow in recovering from their resentment over the manner in which Mr. Bryan smashed the program for converting the Jackson Day banquet into a testimonial to the greatness of President Wilson. WHO IS HE? There seems to be a general agreement that our next President should have a wide experience in business and administration, and be thoroughly conversant with American constitutional polity relative to internal and foreign affairs. Of course, he must be a man who is able to stand much grief, for the honor of the office is large but the burden is heavy, and there are many who feel that the presidency has become too large a job for any one man to compass. Who will measure up to this high standard? Who will lead the people wisely in these uncertain hours? "We the people," must soon answer the mighty question and upon us the responsibility will rest. Did you know that I am going out of the jewelry business? Come in and let us show you what big discounts we are offering. THEODORE ROBERTS, Jeweler. PERKINS GOES TO SAN QUENTIN When asked what his life's occupation was, Samuel A. Perkins, who was in court for a hearing on an application for probation after having been found guilty by a jury of a criminal offense, replied: "Shuffling the cards." Perkins, who told the court he is 66 years of age, is a man of mystery. For some time he lived at Fullerton. It was learned recently that Perkins is not his tree name. He refused to divulge his identity. He also indicated that he has two children, whose identity he also is shielding. Perkins told the court that at one time he "ran" a card game at San Diego, and that when a young man he fought under General Crook against Sitting Bull. The charge against Perkins was made by S. L. Hoge, and charged him with a statutory offense against Hoge's 7-year-old daughter. Judge Williams denied Perkins' application for probation. The defendant was given an indeterminate sentence of not less than one year in San Quentin. Attorney John B. Nichols, who was CLOSING OUT SALE! going out of the Jewelry business. Everything must be sold. Big Discounts on Watches, Diamonds jewelry, Silverware, and Clocks home in Early and Get the Best Reductions Theo. Roberts HOME in Early and Get the Best Reductions Theo, Roberts JEWELER Anaheim, California "Where Every Dealing Leaves a Friendly Feeling" Job Printing ANAHEIM GAZETTE appointed by the court, defended Perkins at the trial last week. American citizens in Mexico have been captured by bandits and ransoms have been paid. Hundreds of Senate?" From this distance the United States Senate looks like it is doing very well. A distinguished individual in the White House who has been bucking the United States Senate seems to be the principal suffrager. appointed by the court, defended Perkins at the trial last week. American citizens in Mexico have been captured by bandits and ransoms have been paid. Hundreds of Americans have been killed in Mexico. Demands have been made upon Carranza and nothing has happened but an exchange of notes. In the platform upon which they originally elected President Wilson there was a plank declaring for a single term in the presidency, but just at present it looks as if the trouble from now on would be even to get a single term for any Democratic candidate. If President Wilson be seeking a third term, which seems to be the logic of the present situation, he is in a way to be known as the man who was elected because he kept us out of war, and was defeated because he kept us out of peace. The mystery of Mr. McAdoo's declaration that he would not attend the Jackson day banquet at Washington is apparently cleared up. He has announced that he will not be a candidate for president. Mr. McAdoo is a shrewd man and he doesn't propose to bet any money on a lame boss. John Sharp Williams asks, "What is the matter with the United States Senate?" From this distance the United States Senate looks like it is doing very well. A distinguished individual in the White House who has been bucking the United States Senate seems to be the principal sufferer. THINK IT OVER Can you imagine the antics of your body if the various members should suddenly develop individual brains and each ignore the stimulus from the nerve centers of the brain? One foot would want to go down street, the other up. The left eye would wish to be ready, the right to look at pictures. The stomach might crave for meat and the kidneys refuse to act as a filter for anything but water. One ear might long for the music of a cathedral, while the other insisted on burlesque jazz. What a time we'd have, trying to satisfy all the impulses and we'd finally end by begging that control be given again to one central, intelligent body. It is impossible for any organism or any institution with more than one part to exist without a recognized and controlling factor. Think it over. Democratic National Chairman Homer Cummings says: "The old party cries have lost their power." That one about "he kept us out of war" undoubtedly seems to lack punch this time.