anaheim-gazette 1918-08-08

CITRUS EXPERTS PLAN WAR ON SCALY BARK INSIDIOUS FOE OF ORANGE AND LEMON TREES DISCUSSED AT MEETING OF GROWERS DR. FAWCETT EXPLAINS BEST KNOWN METHODS OF EXTERMINATING THE DISEASE More than 250 citrus growers from all over Southern California gathered at the grammar school in San Dimas Tuesday afternoon, July 16, at the call of the San Dimas Center of the Los Angeles county farm bureau, to consider the best methods of controlling scalybark of orange trees. After a preliminary discussion the meeting adjourned to the MacInerney orchard where Dr. H. S. Fawcett, assisted by representatives of the farm bureau, gave a series of demonstrations of the best methods of treatment known at the present time. Dr. Fawcett has just returned to the Citrus Experiment Station from two years of study spent at the Johns Hopkins University, where he has been preparing himself for greater service to citrus growers in aiding to solve problems of disease. Citrus growers will remember that it was Dr. Fawcett who first ascertained and demonstrated the cause of gummosis, or gum disease of citrus trees, and who worked out a cheap and thoroughly satisfactory remedy, thereby saving thousands of dollars to citrus inverted V is the best, for it heals up much faster than irregular cuts. Scalybark attacks only the orange and is not confined to the trunk but may spread up through the large limbs a considerable height. It does not kill the bark in to the wood but seems to be largely confined to the bark itself. It is characterized by less gumming than true gummosis and particularly by the rough scaly appearance of the affected limb. The bark comes away in small dry scales, leaving the living bark beneath very rough and noduled. The cause of scalybark has never been determined nor has a sure remedy been worked out. Dr. Fawcett distinguishes three stages in the progress of the disease. The initial stage is when the trouble first starts. A small spot appears and gives off a drop or two of gum. This stage may last for several years and is usually overlooked by the grower who does not examine his trees rather closely. It is at this stage that the disease can be most easily controlled, and Dr. Fawcett advises all orange growers to go over their trees at least twice during the summer for the detection of scalybark in this early stage. The best time to examine the trees is in the summer for that is the active period of scalybark when it can be detected by the exudations of gum. If the spot is no larger than the hand it should be cut out entirely into the healthy wood, and the wound very thoroughly treated with a good disinfectant. Care must be taken to cut beyond gum pockets and to get all of the affected tissue out. Special tools have been developed for this work. Any good disinfectant will do the work but Dr. Fawcett advises Bordeaux paste as one of the cheapest and most satisfactory for the reason that it lasts longer than most others. Bordeaux paste is made as follows: Slake two pounds of quick-lime in three quarts and guaranteed tree may be held treatment varies per tree and straight citrus growers must follow. ENDORS Such Proof as T Any An The public encitizen is the beproduced. None can be had. Witward and testifiens, addresses bbors, you may be only convinced or Telling one's expethe public good that should be a lowing statement of Annheim addicases of Home eare being publishnoy Pills. Read A. E. Muckenth 300 N. Citron St. of hard work on my kidneys and couldn't sleep at severe palms in neys. The action too frequent and in passage. I he Pills and four Heying's Pharm back and regular kidneys." Price 60c, at a ply ask for a Doan's Kidney Muckentheler L. Co., Mfrgs., Buff Citrus Experiment Station from two years of study spent at the Johns Hopkins University, where he has been preparing himself for greater service to citrus growers in aiding to solve problems of disease. Citrus growers will remember that it was Dr. Fawcett who first ascertained and demonstrated the cause of gummosis, or gum disease of citrus trees, and who worked out a cheap and thoroughly satisfactory remedy, thereby saving thousands of dollars to citrus growers. The San Dimas Center was therefore very fortunate in securing the services of Dr. Fawcett, than whom there is no better man in California to work on this trouble of citrus trees. In all fairness to the San Dimas district it should be stated that scalybark is no worse in that section than elsewhere. Ten years ago one had to institute a search in order to find a tree affected with scalybark, but that is no longer the case. In fact there are few orchards which at the present time do not contain or have not contained a few trees affected with this trouble. Moreover, the disease seems to be increasing not only in prevalence but in virulence and it is becoming recognized by citrus growers as a distinct menace to the industry. They are demanding that it be studied and methods of control or eradication worked out. It is hoped that with the aid of Dr. Fawcett the Citrus Experiment Station may be instrumental in uncovering in the near future some metrod of efficient control. Many citrus growers are prone to confuse true gummosis, or gum disease, with scalybark and it may be worth while to distinguish between the two. Citrus trees may exude gum from a number of causes, but there are two main diseases or troubles involving the exudation of gum, namely gummosis and scalybark. There are two kinds of true gummosis and both attack all kinds of citrus trees, but more especially the lemon. Gummosis is usually confined to the trunk of the tree and ordinarily starts at or near the ground, very frequently in the region of the bud-union. It is characterized by the copious exudation of gum followed by the death of the bark, which cracks and peels off, leaving the dead wood. One kind of gummosis is caused by the same soil fungus which causes brown rot of lemons. This kind of gummosis is especially prevalent, particularly in the heavier wet soils where the soil is The second state is reached when the affected area has increased in size to the point where it either girdles a limb or occupies a considerable area of the bark, with the tree still not showing the effects. At this stage the disease is much more difficult to treat. Girdled or very badly affected limbs should be cut out entirely, care being taken to seal the wounds with one good dressing, such as grade "B" asphaltum, shellac or grafting wax. A good dressing may be made of crude asphaltum, melted and diluted with benzine to form a solution of the consistency of a thick paint. Gum pockets should be carefully cut out and all affected areas scraped back to the green bark beneath. Then all the wound area should be thoroughly covered with Bordeaux paste or some disinfectant. If the tree has a large bark area affected, it should be cut back somewhat to induce a vigorous growth response. The third or last stage is when the effects can be seen on the limbs in the form of "dying back" and weak, straggly growth. Frequently the first evidences that the disease has reached the last stages are shown in the increased yield on affected limbs. The limb is making a last effort to reproduce itself before it succumbs. After bearing one or two heavy crops, it dies. In this stage successful treatment is indeed very difficult and it is largely a matter of personal judgment A report on the survey of the San Francisco, undertakes the University of issued by the United States Department. This report pages and includes map showing various soils. The proximately 3,180 western two-thirds, containing pervaded parts of with small portions Orange counties. The report details the and climate of the agricultural area surveyed in ranges and plains between the southern desert basin the ocean, separated by a rather shallow plain which prefers topography. The climate and pleasant, thus tracts large numbers and tourists each temperature is fine in the more elk mountain district is moderately hot is not sufficient agriculture with. The transport whole are not at coral products, crops like beans a wide market, the United States elk countries. The soils of this be broadly class corresponding to geographic division mountain areas been derived th Gummosis is usually confined to the trunk of the tree and ordinarily starts at or near the ground, very frequently in the region of the bud-union. It is characterized by the copious exudation of gum followed by the death of the bark, which cracks and peels off, leaving the dead wood. One kind of gummosis is caused by the same soil fungus which causes brown rot of lemons. This kind of gummosis is especially prevalent, particularly in the heavier wet soils, where the soil is heaped up about the trunk of the tree. The fungus coming into contact with the healthy bark penetrates it and starts the disease. This kind of gummosis may be largely prevented by keeping the earth pulled away from the trunk of the tree, exposing the main crown roots, and painting the whole base of the tree with Bordeaux paste, taking care to cover the bud-union and crown roots. The other kind is caused by the gray mold fungus; it does not exhibit so much gumming and affects the tree somewhat differently. The outer bark becomes soft and dies gradually from the outside inward. There is a great variation in susceptibility of different stocks to gummosis, the sour stock being practically immune. It is therefore advisable in order to avoid gummosis to use sour orange as a stock and bud high so as to avoid infection from soil piled up about the trunk. Once the tree is infected, if not too serious, both kinds of gummosis can be controlled by careful tree surgery. All the infected tissues must be cut entirely out back into the healthy tissue. The wound is then disinfected with Bordeaux paste and in time it will heal over. The effectiveness of the control depends largely upon care in the work of cutting out infected tissue. A cut made in the form of an The third or last stage is when the effects can be seen on the limbs in the form of "dying back" and weak, stragly growth. Frequently the first evidences that the disease has reached the last stages are shown in the increased yield on affected limbs. The limb is making a last effort to reproduce itself before it succumbs. After bearing one or two heavy crops, it dies. In this stage successful treatment is indeed very difficult and it is largely a matter of personal judgment as to whether it pays to treat such trees. The treatment is similar to that outlined for the second stage. It should be borne in mind that if a treatment prolongs the life of the tree long enough for even one more crop it will usually pay. All the evidences point toward the possibility of scalybark being infectious. Therefore in the light of our present knowledge it would seem best when pruning trees badly affected with scalybark to disinfect shears and saws after each cut to prevent possible distribution of the disease. A number of orchardists have been unduly alarmed at a condition which exists in many of the older lemon trees. The bark about the bud-union cracks and peels off in very much the same fashion as the shedding of the bark that occurs in some of the deciduous trees. Where the bark peels away in long, more or less rectangular strips, leaving healthy green bark beneath and there are no signs of gumming, there is nothing to worry about. As long as we shall have sick trees, undoubtedly we shall have "tree doctors" and certainly the citrus industry has its share at the present time. Most of these gentlemen have a patent medicine, a concoction with numerous ingredients, of great potency, cooked after a certain secret formula, The transport whole are not at toral products, crops like beans a wide market, the United States eign countries. The soils of the be broadly class corresponding to geographic division mountain areas been derived thither of the underlying plain soils owe weathering of oceaneath the seasulous valleys and luvium washed from the higher groups of soils sharply separate different group series, and they divided into types Eighteen series relating the soil area, and thirty types are shown tion to four kind soil. The soils and of sandy loam. The residual non-agricultural by far the most These soils are hilly, and well mainly dry farm irrigated. The coastal-plain rived from old not important as these soils are natural under these ditions. They organic matter, a conditions great for dry farming. ANAHEIM GAZETTE ENDORSED AT HOME Such Proof as This Should Convince Any Anaheim Citizen The public endorsement of a local citizen is the best proof that can be produced. None better, none stronger can be had. When a man comes forward and testifies to his fellow-citizens, addresses his friends and neighbors, you may be sure he is thoroughly convinced or he would not do so. Telling one's experience when it is for the public good is an act of kindness that should be appreciated. The following statement given by a resident of Anaheim adds one more to the many cases of Home Endorsement which are being published about Doan's Kidney Pills. Read it. A. E. Muckenthaler, retired farmer, 300 N. Citron St., says: "Many years of hard work on the farm weakened my kidneys and caused lame back. I couldn't sleep at night, because of the severe palms in the region of my kidneys. The action of my kidneys was too frequent and the secretions burned in passage. I heard of Doan's Kidney Pills and four boxes, procured from Heying's Pharmacy, cured the lame back and regulated the action of my kidneys." Price 60c, at all dealers. Don't simply ask for a kidney remedy—get Doan's Kidney Pills—the same that Muckentheler had. Foster-Milburn Co., Mfgra., Buffalo, N. Y.—Adv. SOIL SURVEY OF THE SAN DIEGO REGION of the types, however, are fairly well suited to agriculture. The soils of recent alluvial origin are of great agricultural importance. The bulk of the intensive, specialized crops are grown on these soils. The principal agricultural soils are the Foster sandy loams, Foster fine sandy loam, Yolo loams and sandy loams, Yolo clay loams, and the Dublin soils. Almost the entire area of these soils is tilled, and a wide variety of important crops are grown, including alfalfa, beans, sugar beets, grapes, peaches, apricots, and walnuts. COUNTY REGISTRATION Registrations for this year's elections fell below the 1916 registrations by 1215, totals given out Thursday show. There was a spurt in registrations during the last few days of the time allowed, which expired July 27th. In the last week 96 voters changed their registration, 86 of them registering as Republicans. This is probably due to the wet and dry issue, Governor Stephens having the endorsement of the drys for the Republican nomination. Registration figures for 1918 and 1916 are as follows: 1918 1916 Republican 11,412 11,391 Democrat 5,238 4,071 Prohibition 1,541 1,064 Socialist 477 572 Progressive 132 1,541 Decline to state 2,218 3,594 Totals 21,018 22,233 PRACTICAL PATRIOTISM Everyone knows that the prosperity of the cities and towns in agricultural sections is measured largely by the SOIL SURVEY OF THE SAN DIEGO REGION A report on the reconnoissance soil survey of the San Diego region, California, undertaken in co-operation with the University of California, has been issued by the Bureau of Soils of the United States Department of Agriculture. This report covers 77 printed pages and includes a large lithographed map showing the distribution of the various soils. The area surveyed, approximately 3,182 acres, comprises the western two-thirds of San Diego county, containing practically all the developed parts of the county, together with small portions of Riverside and Orange counties. The report describes in considerable detail the topography, drainage, and climate of the region, as well as the agricultural development. The area surveyed includes most of the ranges and plateoullike uplands lying between the southern part of the interior desert basin of California and the ocean, separated from the ocean by a rather sharply defined coastal plain which presents a striking contrast to the prevailing mountainous topography. The climate is extremely healthful and pleasant, the report says, and attracts large numbers of health seekers and tourists each year. In general the temperature is favorable for the growing of a wide range of crops except in the more elevated areas. In the mountain districts the annual rainfall is moderately heavy, but in general it is not sufficient for highly specialized agriculture without irrigation. The transportation facilities on the whole are not adequate. The agricultural products, including specialized crops like beans and citrus fruits, find a wide market, being distributed over the United States and shipped to foreign countries. The soils of the San Diego area can be broadly classed in three groups, corresponding to the three broad geographic divisions. The soils of the mountain areas are residual, having been derived through the weathering PRACTICAL PATRIOTISM Everyone knows that the prosperity of the cities and towns in agricultural sections is measured largely by the production of the farmers of the surrounding country. If the crops are below standard, the volume of shipping from such a community drops off and less money comes in from the outside. The farmers have little money to spend for necessities and none for luxuries, and business is poor for the merchants. Everybody who has either commodities or professional services to sell feels it. When, on the other hand, crops are good, agricultural products of all kinds move regularly out of the city or town and keep the shippers busy. Money flows in and everything goes briskly forward. The farmers have money to spend, and spend it. Prosperity and optimism are in the very air. For the business and professional men and citizens generally in the cities and towns to do their utmost to provide the farmers with necessary labor in the rapidly approaching harvest crisis would, therefore, be common horse sense from a practical business point of view, even were there no bigger and more vital things to be considered. If the growers are allowed to suffer through a preventable labor shortage, every community that is in any degree dependent upon agricultural production for its normal prosperity will suffer as well. In helping the farmers to hold their end of the battle line, the city and town people will not only be helping to overthrow the greatest menace that ever confronted the liberties and the material welfare of their country, but will be performing a very direct and practical service to their own communities and themselves. CITRUS DEVELOPMENT Parties holding a view to future citrus fruit development in the Brea district are delighted by the absolute assurance of adequate water supply. This assurance comes through the performance of the syndicate well recently put down on the ten-acre tract of tions, of abominable and perfidious plotting in friendly countries and shameless abuse of their hospitality, of crime heaped upon crime in hideous defiance of the laws of God and men. I cherish the memories of my youth, but these very memories make me cry out in pain and wrath against those who have befouled the spiritual soil of the old Germany, in which they were rooted. I revere the high ideals and fine traditions of that old Germany and the time-honored conceptions of right conduct which my parents and the teachers of my early youth bade me treasure throughout life, but all the more burning is my resentment, all the more deeply grounded my hostility, against the Prussian caste who trampled those ideals, traditions and conceptions in the dust." JOSEPH M. BACKS With a statement as to his ability and fitness for the office of county clerk signed by all or nearly all of the practicing attorneys in the county, Joseph M. Backs starts out with a strong testimonial in his race for county clerk. Backs has been deputy county clerk and court clerk for the last six years, and the attorneys know him to be a capable man. Friends of Backs are pointing out that he has had ample training in the office and they believe that as a matter of ordinary justice Backs is entitled to be advanced to the clerkship. They say that the affairs of the office will go along much more smoothly with him at its head than it would if a man who has never worked in the office at all was put in charge. Backs is always on the job. Jurors The transportation facilities on the whole are not adequate. The agricultural products, including specialized crops like beans and citrus fruits, find a wide market, being distributed over the United States and shipped to foreign countries. The soils of the San Diego area can be broadly classed in three groups, corresponding to the three broad geographic divisions. The soils of the mountain areas are residual, having been derived through the weathering of the underlying rocks. The coastalplain soils owe their origin to the weathering of old sediments laid down beneath the sea. The soils of the valleys and basins consist of alluvium washed down by the sterams from the higher land. These three groups of soils are not everywhere sharply separated. The soils of the different groups are separated into series, and the series are further divided into types, or textural units. Eighteen series are recognized in correlating the soils of the San Diego area, and thirty types or groups of types are shown on the map, in addition to four kinds of non-agricultural soil. The soils are prevailingly brown and of sandy loam texture. The residual soils, together with the non-agricultural rough stony land, are by far the most extensive group. These soils are in general rolling to hilly, and well drained. They are mainly dry farmed, but in places are irrigated. The coastal-plain soils and those derived from old stream alluvium are not important agriculturally. Some of these soils are practically non-agricultural under the prevailing rainfall conditions. They are often low in organic matter, and unfavorable subsoil conditions greatly decrease their value for dry farming in many places. Some CITRUS DEVELOPMENT Parties holding a view to future citrus fruit development in the Brea district are delighted by the absolute assurance of adequate water supply. This assurance comes through the performance of the syndicate well recently put down on the ten-acre tract of W. A. Culp, in the city limits. This well is now showing twenty-two inches of water, having increased from twenty inches when first finished. Sixty acres of citrus groves are now being irrigated from the supply with an abundance of water to spare. The sixty acres recently set to citrus in Brea are as follows: Victor Hualde, ten acres lemons; Jay C. Sexton, five acres lemons, five acres oranges; L. A. Sayles, five acres oranges; E. E. Keith, four acres oranges, one acre lemons; W. J. Meeks, five acres oranges, five acres lemons; J. F. Cchwelter, ten acres oranges; ten acres of oranges, set out by W. A. Culp last year. These trees are all looking fine and give great promise. "RIGHT ABOVE RACE." "I do not apologize for, nor am I ashamed of, my German birth," says Otto H. Kahn in "Right Above Race." "But I am ashamed—bitterly and grievously ashamed—of the Germany which stands convicted before the high tribunal of the world's public opinion of having planned and willed war; of the revolting deeds committed in Belgium and Northern France, of the infamy of the Lusitania murders, of innumerable violations of The Hague convention and the law of na- Friends of Backs are pointing out that he has had ample training in the office and they believe that as a matter of ordinary justice Backs is entitled to be advanced to the clerkship. They say that the affairs of the office will go along much more smoothly with him at its head than it would if a man who has never worked in the office at all was put in charge. Backs is always on the job. Jurors and others who have had dealings with him have found him courteous, accommodating and capable, in his campaign for the office Backs has found these men among his assured supporters. Backs was born in Orange county forty two years ago. He was county manager for the Home Telephone Co. when he was selected by W. B. Williams, then county clerk for a deputy ship under Williams, and it was under Williams that he received his training for the office he seeks: COMPULSORY EDUCATION Americanization of the alien will be made compulsory in California if a bill endorsed by Will C. Wood, State Commissioner of Secondary Schools, be presented at the next session of the Legislature, becomes a law. The proposed bill, which follows the model suggested by the United States Bureau of Education, provides that every minor between the ages of 16 and 21 years who does not possess the ability to speak, read and write the English language, as required for the completion of the fifth grade, must attend day or evening school to secure instruction in English, for at least six hours a week, unless excused as physically or mentally unfit. Can All Food that Can Be Canned To save vegetables and fruits this year is a patriotic duty. The war makes the need for Food Conservation more imperative than at any time in history. America is responsible for the food supply of her European Allies. The American family can do nothing more helpful in this emergency than to Can All Food That Can Be Canned. In this way the abundance of the summer may be made to supply the needs of the winter. In order to assist the public in this patriotic duty the U. S. Government through its National War Garden Commission has issued a Manual giving complete information as to the best methods to use for Home Canning, for Blanching, Cold-Dipping, Sterilizing, Drying and Packing and tells how best to treat each article separately, together with numerous illustrations written in the usual concise manner the Government sends out its bulletins. We have purchased a limited number of this valuable pamphlet, which we are offering to the public FREE. Anyone calling at our office at 220 E. Center St. will be given a copy as long as they last. We have purchased a limited number of this valuable pamphlet, which we are offering to the public FREE. Anyone calling at our office at 220 E. Center St. will be given a copy as long as they last. SOUTHERN COUNTIES GAS COMPANY "California has approximately 200,000 residents who are not citizens," said Commissioner Woods in reply to an inquiry from the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce concerning the bill. "There are also 77,000 illiterates in California. In a crisis such as this, these persons cannot co-operate fully with the United States government in war work. They cannot understand the appeals of Food Controller Hoover for food conservation, nor can they appreciate appeals in behalf of Liberty Loans and thrift stamps. "The war has taught us as a measure of national preparedness we should give the non-English speaking people a speaking knowledge of our language and some acquaintance with our institutions." WHAT SAMMY IS DOING TO THE HUN Looking on, one stands dazed, stupened, by the immeasurable courage of the Americans, writes Harry Williams in the Los Angeles Times. Dauntlessly our men plunge into the arena where the struggle of life and death rages. Bullets sing past their heads like leaden hornets and a German gas haze spreads a miasma of death about them. Shrapnel pelts down, explodes, and geysers of soil, stone and missiles spurt skyward. Under the impetus of heavy explosives the very earth shakes as in a seismic spasm. There our boys, strangers to war so short a time ago; these boys from counter and workshop; these boys who had never seen bloodshed, and who had never heard the death agony, shake their heads like young bulls and charge into this awful canister of combat, this deadening diapason of de- Frenchman was standing erect beside a tree, a rigid sentinel at death's outpost. Fifteen dead Germans stood upright in a narrow trench, still looking along their rifle barrels with unseeing eyes, each one shot through the head by sweep of machine-gun bullets. One dead American with seven dead Germans forming a half circle about him showed his valor. Three Germans had died from bayonet wounds in the neck, four from wounds in the abdomen. The American had been leaning back pulling his bayonet from a German's body when killed by a rifle bullet and he remained in that position till found by others and buried. A wounded American said that while he had been lying in a trench five Germans had deliberately kicked him in the head and then stamped on his face, leaving the marks of their hob-nail shoes on his forehead. He told me this with his breath, and men do not falsify on their deathbeds. This is the sort of foeman the world is fighting. SANTA FE TIME TABLE (Corrected to Date) NORTHBOUND Lv. Anaheim Ar. Los Angeles 6:19 A.M. 7:15 A.M. 10:10 A.M. 11:00 A.M. 11:58 A.M. 12:50 P.M. 4:06 P.M. 4:50 P.M. 5:43 P.M. 6:30 P.M. SOUTHBOUND Lv. Los Angeles Ar. Anaheim 8:00 A.M. 8:52 A.M. 9:05 A.M. 9:50 A.M. 2:05 P.M. 2:50 P.M. 6:00 P.M. 6:42 P.M. 11:59 P.M. 1:03 A.M. Shrapnel pelts down, explodes, and geysers of soil, stone and missiles spurt skyward. Under the impetus of heavy explosives the very earth shakes as in a seismic spasm. There our boys, strangers to war so short a time ago; these boys from counter and workshop; these boys who had never seen bloodshed, and who had never heard the death agony, shake their heads like young bulls and charge into this awful canister of combat, this deadening diapason of destruction, their only urge a quiet word, more of instruction than command, and a holy desire to inflict the supreme penalty on the loathsome, murdering thing that walks and talks like a man. The ruthless Hun has more than met his match in remorseless Americans. French officers refer to our boys as wild, not knowing how else to describe them; stolid Britishers, given to few words and to whom courage is a common sight and practice, seek new adjectives with which to do credit to the Americans. Our men are taking heavy toll. I counted thousands of dead Germans in one small field and several had already been buried. Our own casualties, due to impetuosity in charging beyond objectives, are large. Several times our officers have been unable to restrain their men; no wonder the French call them wild. It is estimated that nearly 75 per cent. of our wounded will be able to return to the front. This field presents gruesome sights. In one forest many dead Germans were hanging in the limbs of trees where they had lodged after being shot by Americans. One hanging by the heel had been caught by a forked branch. In another place a dead