anaheim-gazette 1913-02-13

RED SPIDER PEST IN CITRUS TREES COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ADVISES HOW TO CONTROL INSECTS LIME SULPHUR SPRAY AND DUSTING WITH DRY SULPHUR WILL PUT IT OUT OF COMMISSION The hungry spider robs the leaf of its green coloring matter, and the green gone, the leaf can no longer seize and hold the radiant energy of the sun. Without that sun energy, the leaf cannot work over the carbon dioxide in the air into food, and so the leaf starves and dies. The hungry spider nibbles the coloring matter from the rind of the orange, and the fruit stays sickly pale, and never turns into the golden orange the buyer demands. The hungry spider sucks out the oils and pigments from the rind of the lemon, and then the rind dries and cracks, or stays so dull a hue that the fruit finds no buyer save the citric acid factory. The hungry spider bites into the tender skin of a young twig, leaf, or fruit, and through this wound bacteria and fungi swarm in, to spread disease in the plant or decay in the fruit. So just as the mosquito's bite is the cause of malaria or of yellow fever in men, and the bite of the flea the chief cause for bubonic pleague, and the it consumed some 300 spiders. Thrips, the lacewing larvae, the syrphus fly, the Staphylinid beetle, etc., all attack spider eggs. The six-spotted mite, a near relative of the citrus red spider, thus far is a real pest only in San Diego county and in an occasional grove in Los Angeles, Orange, and Santa Barbara counties. It confines its feeding to the under side of the leaf and usually along the midrib or larger veins. Where the colony has a headquarters, a pale yellow depression appears in the leaf, covered with a web which protects the spiders and supports the eggs, entangled in the silk. On the upper surface of the leaf is a corresponding yellowish swelling. The silver or rust mite is the third most important of these pests. Like the two former, it also came from Florida. It is restricted to a limited region in San Diego county. It is a four-legged mite, worm-like, and so small as to be scarcely visible. Near relatives of this mite cause leaf-blister in the apple and the pear, erinose of the grape, and fuzzy brown spots on the leaves of the English walnut. The silver mite makes lemons white or silvery in color, and causes the rind to harden and crack. Prof. Quayle describes methods of control for such pests easily and cheaply applied. Such work is not necessary unless the spider or mites become so abundant as to threaten damage more expensive than the treatment. Spraying liquid lime sulphur spray destroys the spiders and mites. Or the same result can be obtained by using dry sulphur and hydrated lime (in the proportion of three parts of sulphur to one part of hydrated lime) mixed thoroughly and applied with a gasoline engine dust blower, or a hand rotary bellows, or a Vermorel inspection station. A report on this State Dairy Bureau this office covers ending November this time from four tors have been made 14,250 inspect creameries, cheese denseries. In addition in Tulare county, but deputized by a bureau, have made of dairies and fact ducts in that county 1911, when the inspection became available were added to the time inspectors have county of the St. Tuolumne, Mono, M every dairy has made as it has been in funds at the comm to send an inspector over a mountain, or inspect such isolating slighting the work. The hungry spider bites into the tender skin of a young twig, leaf, or fruit, and through this wound bacteria and fungi swarm in, to spread disease in the plant or decay in the fruit. So, just as the mosquito's bite is the cause of malaria or of yellow fever in men, and the bite of the flea the chief cause for bubonic pleague, and the fly's filthy tread over food a frequent source of typhoid fever, so the spider opens the way for some of the diseases of plants. These are some of the damning indictments brought in against the spider in a bulletin by Prof. H. J. Quayle on "Red Spiders and Mites of Citrus Trees," just published by the University of California and obtainable free by writing to the College of Agriculture at Berkeley. The university does not stop with pointing out the danger, but tells how the pests of spiders and mites can be controlled, cheaply and effectively, by dusting with dry sulphur and hydrated lime or spraying with lime sulphur spray. From Florida came the worst of these spider pests. Most harmful of them all is the citrus red spider, next to the scale insects the most dreaded enemy of the orange and lemon trees of California. These spiders first came from Florida in 1890 on nursery stock. Within five years they were an established pest. They are now generally distributed in the citrus sections south of Tehachapi. They have not been reported as injurious from the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys. In Oregon, however, they are a pest on the plum, prune, and other deciduous trees, and they have been found on apple and other deciduous trees, growing among citrus trees in Southern California. Their life history is curious. The mother red spider lays her bright red egg on a leaf, then lifts her abdomen, to form a stalk straight up above the egg to a height twice its diameter. Then she weaves her abdomen back and forth from the egg-stalk to the leaf until she has secured it by a dozen or more guy-threads, forming a frail open canopy. Some 30 eggs are laid by the mother in ten days or so. If the mother is still virgin, her eggs will hatch none; the less, these unfertilized eggs hatching out however only males.* After a few days, the eyes and outline of the baby spiders begin to show through the egg. After eight days to three weeks, the egg splits around its cheaply applied. Such work is not necessary unless the spider or mites become so abundant as to threaten damage more expensive than the treatment. Spraying liquid lime sulphur spray destroys the spiders and mites. Or the same result can be obtained by using dry sulphur and hydrated lime (in the proportion of three parts of sulphur to one part of hydrated lime) mixed thoroughly and applied with a gasoline engine dust blower, or a hand rotary bellows, or a Vermorel machine. The time to apply is spring or early summer, usually—or whenever the spiders become unduly numerous and the trees show signs of injury. For the dry sulphur and hydrated lime method, night is the best time to apply treatment since then the powder will stick to the moist leaves and hang in a cloud about the tree. Thorough and even application is essential. Handfuls of sulphur scattered on the ground or in tree-crothetes are useless. When the temperature rises to 75 degrees in the shade, the sulphur, evenly distributed on leaf or twig or fruit, gives off vapors and gases fatal to the spiders and mites, though these same spiders have passed unscathed through fumigation directed against scale. Such investigations as these, for combating the insect and arachnid enemies of the farmer, are constantly being carried on by the entomologists of the agricultural faculty. Besides, these scientists are teaching to a large body of students the science of entomology, the making and use of insecticides, horticultural inspection, parasitology, bee-keeping, and the control of insects dangerous to animals, plants, or men. RELEASING QUARANTINE FOR SHEEP SCAB Many Counties in California and Nevada Shown to Have Eradicated This Disease Secretary Wilson has issued an order, to take effect February 1st, releasing from the federal quarantine for sheep scab 18 counties in California and 10 counties in Nevada, aggregating over 100,000 square miles in area. This action has been taken as a result of the work which has been carried on by the Bureau of Animal Industry in co-operation with the State authorities for the eradication of this disease. To be able to deter the dairymen of this poor quality of duct, members of Bureau have confirmed number of commission butter dealers of this sensus of the opinion about 30 to 35 per sold in the State extra. There are many pounds of butter made out counting the livestock and pigments from the rind of the lemon, and then the rind dries and cracks, or stays so dull a hue that the fruit finds no buyer save the citric acid factory. The hungry spider bites into the tender skin of a young twig, leaf, or fruit, and through this wound bacteria and fungi swarm in, to spread disease in the plant or decay in the fruit. So just as the mosquito's bite is the cause of malaria or of yellow fever in men, and the bite of the flea the chief cause for bubonic pleague, and the fly's filthy tread over food a frequent source of typhoid fever, so the spider opens the way for some of the diseases of plants. These are some of the damming indictments brought in against the spider in a bulletin by Prof. H. J. Quayle on "Red Spiders and Mites of Citrus Trees," just published by the University of California and obtainable free by writing to the College of Agriculture at Berkeley. The university does not stop with pointing out the danger, but tells how the pests of spiders and mites can be controlled, cheaply and effectively, by dusting with dry sulphur and hydrated lime or spraying with lime sulphur spray. From Florida came the worst of these spider pests. Most harmful of them all is the citrus red spider, next to the scale insects the most dreaded enemy of the orange and lemon trees of California. These spiders first came from Florida in 1890 on nursery stock. Within five years they were an established pest. They are now generally distributed in the citrus sections south of Tehachapi. They have not been reported as injurious from the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys. In Oregon, however, they are a pest on the plum, prune, and other deciduous trees, and they have been found on apple and other deciduous trees, growing among citrus trees in Southern California. Their life history is curious. The mother red spider lays her bright red egg on a leaf, then lifts her abdomen, to form a stalk straight up above the egg to a height twice its diameter. Then she weaves her abdomen back and forth from the egg-stalk to the leaf until she has secured it by a dozen or more guy-threads, forming a frail open canopy. Some 30 eggs are laid by the mother in ten days or so. If the mother is still virgin, her eggs will hatch none; these unfertilized eggs hatching out however only males.* After a few days, the eyes and outline of the baby spiders begin to show through the egg. After eight days to three weeks, the egg splits around its cheaply applied. Such work is not necessary unless the spider or mites become so abundant as to threaten damage more expensive than the treatment. Spraying liquid lime sulphur spray destroys the spiders and mites. Or the same result can be obtained by using dry sulphur and hydrated lime (in the proportion of three parts of sulphur to one part of hydrated lime) mixed thoroughly and applied with a gasoline engine dust blower, or a hand rotary bellows, or a Vermorel machine. The time to apply is spring or early summer, usually—or whenever the spiders become unduly numerous and the trees show signs of injury. For the dry sulphur and hydrated lime method, night is the best time to apply treatment since then the powder will stick to the moist leaves and hang in a cloud about the tree. Thorough and even application is essential. Handfuls of sulphur scattered on the ground or in tree-crothetes are useless. When the temperature rises to 75 degrees in the shade, the sulphur, evenly distributed on leaf or twig or fruit, gives off vapors and gases fatal to the spiders and mites, though these same spiders have passed unscatched through fumigation directed against scale. Such investigations as these, for combating the insect and arachnid enemies of the farmer, are constantly being carried on by the entomologists of the agricultural faculty. Besides, these scientists are teaching to a large body of students the science of entomology, the making and use of insecticides, horticultural inspection, parasitology, bee-keeping, and the control of insects dangerous to animals, plants, or men. RELEASEING QUARANTINE FOR SHEEP SCAB Many Counties in California and Nevada Shown to Have Eradicated This Disease Secretary Wilson has issued an order, to take effect February 1st, releasing from the federal quarantine for sheep scab 18 counties in California and 10 counties in Nevada, aggregating over 100,000 square miles in area. This action has been taken as a result of the work which has been carried on by the Bureau of Animal Industry in co-operation with the State authorities for the eradication of this disease. To be able to deter the dairymen of this poor quality of duct, members of Bureau have conferred number of commissions butter dealers of this sensus of the opinion about 30 to 35 per sold in the State extra. There are many pounds of butter mailed out counting Then she weaves her abdomen back and forth from the egg-stalk to the leaf until she has secured it by a dozen or more guy-threads, forming a frail open canopy. Some 30 eggs are laid by the mother in ten days or so. If the mother is still virgin, her eggs will hatch none the less, these unfertilized eggs hatching out however only males. After a few days, the eyes and outline of the baby spiders begin to show through the egg. After eight days to three weeks, the egg splits around its equator, the young spider pushes up the hinged lid, thrusts out his front legs and the fore part of his body, sticks his mouth parts into the leaf and forthwith begins to eat and do damage. After two or three days the young spider becomes very quiet, and turns pale, especially in its six legs. Its skin splits, round the body. The spider humps its back through the skin, and with the help of its neighbor pulls itself out possessor now of a fourth pair of legs. Twice more does the spider thus molt its skin, at intervals of two or three days. The adult life lasts only some 18 days, but there are perhaps 12 or 15 generations a year, so the spiders often multiply with great rapidity. Natural enemies help to hold the spiders in check. The worm-like larvae of several species of insects thrust their mandibles under the egg, and in 10 seconds the red shell is emptied of its contents. Some of the larvae attack the spider itself, and in from 4 to 7 minutes drain the spider of its whole body contents. The larvae of one species of Coniopteryx were observed to destroy 12 or 15 spiders a day apiece; one of the rove beetles consumed 20 spiders a day, while a larvae, and 10 a day after it grew up—into a tiny beetle only a millimeter long. During its adult life of a month This Disease Secretary Wilson has issued an order, to take effect February 1st, releasing from the federal quarantine for sheep scab 18 counties in California and 10 counties in Nevada, aggregating over 100,000 square miles in area. This action has been taken as a result of the work which has been carried on by the Bureau of Animal Industry in co-operation with the State authorities for the eradication of this disease. About 15 years ago sheep scab was prevalent throughout most of the territory west of the Mississippi river. It was becoming a serious handicap to the sheep industry and was constantly spreading. The government with the assistance of State authorities underook first to control the disease and later to stamp it out. This work has been so successful that most of the infected territory has been freed of the disease and released from quarantine. The territory still remaining in quarantine consists of the States of Texas and New Mexico and parts of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and Kentucky. The work of eradication is being continued in these areas. The areas released by Secretary Wilson's recent order are as follows: In California the counties of Del Norte, Humboldt, Trinity, Shasta, Siskiyou, Modoc, Lassen, Plumas, Sierra, Nevada, Placer, El Dorado, Amador, Alpine, Mono, Inyo, Tuolumne, and San Bernardino. In Nevada the counties of Washoe, Storey, Lyon, Ormsby, Douglas, Esmeralda, Mineral, Eureka, Lander, and Churchill. The remainder of California and the counties of Humboldt, Elko, and White Pine in Nevada remain in quarantine. Owned by Southern California people. The Home Telephone Company. To be able to deter the dairymen of this poor quality of product, members of Bureau have conference number of commission butter dealers of this sensus of the opinion about 30 to 35 per sold in the State of extra. There are many pounds of butter mailed out counting the liv farmers to the county of this only 35 per extra, and the 65 per 576 pounds must be third grade, the loss of this State is all every year, the low for about 4 cents less extra. The amount of clams this State, and report is 4,785,617 pounds. Of cheese has been so that only about 22 classed as very poor much made which cows of the finest quality fault of the climate,cows,because some made in this State are as any cheese may improper handling or faulty methods in meringing of the cheese. An excellent quality hampered by the main inferior qualities, as the reputation of cheese. As a result production of cheese in greatly decreased during teen years, while the butter has increased production of cheese states, been found more able than that of butter. INSPECTION OF DAIRIES IN STATE DAIRIES AND FACTORIES GIVEN INSPECTION BY STATE OFFICERS OF BUREAU REPORT ISSUED FOR BIENNIAL PERIOD ENDING NOV. 30, 1912, IS INTERESTING A report on the activities of the State Dairy Bureau just received at this office covers the biennial period ending November 30, 1912. During this time from four to seven inspectors have been engaged. They have made 14,250 inspections of dairies, creameries, cheese factories and condenseries. In addition two inspectors in Tulare county, paid by said county but deputized by and reporting to the bureau, have made 4,250 inspections of dairies and factories of dairy products in that county. After July 1, 1911, when the increased appropriation became available three inspectors were added to the force. Since that time inspectors have worked in every county of the State except Alpine, Tuolumne, Mono, Mariposa, and Inyo. Every dairy has not been inspected, as it has been impossible with the funds at the command of the bureau to send an inspector four or five miles over a mountain, or up a canyon, to inspect such isolated dairies, without slighting the work very much in the not seem to be the case here, although there is a good market for the product and a great deal of it must be imported. The loss to the dairymen because this branch of the industry has not been properly developed has been considerable. STRUCTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL MATERIAL State's Output During Past Year Will Show Considerable Gain The development of structural and industrial materials in California has received but scant attention as compared with that of petroleum and the metals, and is capable of very great expansion. Notwithstanding this fact, the output of minerals coming under this heading now have an annual value of over 20 per cent of the mineral total for the State. In 1911 the value amounted to $19,177,825 and the final returns for 1912 will show an increase of at least $2,000,000 over these figures. At present 50 per cent of this total is made up of the following well known substances: brick, borax, cement, clay and granite. In addition there are thirty-old minerals used as structural and industrial materials, the possible production of which has been barely touched upon, among them being, asbestos, barytes, bauxite, calcareous and other tufa, chrome, feldspar, fullers earth, gypsum, iron ore, marble, mineral paint, onyx and travertine, potash, pyrites and sandstone. Over a million dollars' worth of asbestos is annually imported into the United States; the uses of this min- There is in all dairy states of this Union a great loss in quality and consequently in the value of the butter produced. Most of this loss is caused by the failure of prompt cooling of the milk, or cream. In most states ice can be procured cheaply so that every dairy can have its own icehouse where the cream can be kept a few days without being much damaged, but in this State, where nothing other than artificial ice can be had, and that is too expensive for this purpose; therefore, the cream should be delivered to the creameries every day where it is possible, and none should be allowed to get more than 48 hours old. Even though the cream is delivered every day, it should still be cooled as much as possible by the aid of water. This is best done by running the cream over a well sterilized cooler through which the water is run. This water need not be wasted. It can be run through pipes to a trough where the stock can drink. While the cream is stored it should be kept in a clean, cool place, or jacketed by keeping wet burlap around the cans. During the transportation of the cream the cans should not be exposed to the heat of the sun, and laws should be passed compelling transportation companies to provide suitable places to store milk and cream while awaiting the departure of the train, or boat, on which it is to be shipped. To be able to determine the loss to the dairymen of this State because of the poor quality of much of the product, members of the State Dairy Bureau have conferred with a great number of commission merchants and butter dealers of the State. The consensus of the opinion is that only about 30 to 35 per cent of the butter sold in the State can be graded as extra. There are more than 54,940,886 pounds of butter made and sold, without counting the little lots sold by duets in that county. After July 1, 1911, when the increased appropriation became available, three inspectors were added to the force. Since that time inspectors have worked in every county of the State except Alpine, Tuolumne, Mono, Mariposa, and Inyo. Every dairy has not been inspected, as it has been impossible with the funds at the command of the bureau to send an inspector four or five miles over a mountain, or up a canyon, to inspect such isolated dairies, without slighting the work very much in the more concentrated dairy districts. As a result of this inspection there have been great improvements in the dairies both as to their methods and equipments. Over a million dollars' worth of asbestos is annually imported into the United States; the uses of this mineral are many and constantly increase; deposits and surface indications are known in 13 counties of the State, yet 'the annual production is worth but a few hundred dollars. Fifteen counties have well known deposits of gypsum. Only four reported production for 1911 to the amount of some 30,000 tons. During the same period 500,000 tons of crude gypsum were imported by the United States and production in other states amounts to 2,500,000 tons. It is used in making plaster, fertilizer, paper, glass, etc. The demand is increasing. Marble and sandstone, of which we have practically inexhaustible amounts are shipped into the State from other states and foreign countries while comparatively little of the domestic supply is utilized. Numberless instances of similar character could be cited. The fact remains that the mineral industry of California has a future that will be in keeping with its remarkable past; one that depends upon no single mineral nor group of minerals; and one that offers an unlimited field to capital as a means of profitable investment. F. McN. HAMILTON. The Large Cold Bottle And the small hot bird of renown are not beyond your means. Our California wines have been declared by connoisseurs fully as good as the imported which costs twiceas much. Try a bottle when you have a celebration at your house. Men who know drink it from preference. Fisher Wine Co. 119 No. Los Angeles St. Anaheim, - Cal. To be able to determine the loss to the dairymen of this State because of the poor quality of much of the product, members of the State Dairy Bureau have conferred with a great number of commission merchants and butter dealers of the State. The consensus of the opinion is that only about 30 to 35 per cent of the butter sold in the State can be graded as extra. There are more than 54,940,886 pounds of butter made and sold, without counting the little lots sold by farmers to the country stores. If out of this only 35 per cent can be sold as extra, and the 65 per cent, or 35,711,-576 pounds, must be sold as second or third grade, the loss to the dairymen of this State is about $2,142,694.00 every year, the lower grades selling for about 4 cents less per pound than extra. The amount of cheese produced in this State, and reported to this bureau, is 4,785,617 pounds. While the quality of cheese has been greatly improved, so that only about 20 per cent can be classed as very poor, still there is not much made which can be classed as of the finest quality. It is not the fault of the climate, the feed, or the cows, because some brands of cheese made in this State are as fine in quality as any cheese made. The cause is improper handling of the milk and faulty methods in making and handling of the cheese. Those producing an excellent quality of cheese are hampered by the many that produce inferior qualities, as it has lowered the reputation of the California cheese. As a result of this, the production of cheese in this State has greatly decreased during the last fifteen years, while the production of butter has increased enormously. The production of cheese has, in many states, been found much more profitable than that of butter, but this does Fisher Wine Co. 119 No. Los Angeles St. Anaheim, Cal. WM. H. HOUTS DEALER IN BICYCLES AND SPORTING GOODS REPAIR WORK A SPECIALTY AGENT FOR SPAULDING BASE BALL GOODS 138 WEST CENTER STREET PHONES: HOME 2112, PACIFIC 2101 ANAHEIM, CAL. 1913 CRADLESPRING INDIAN MOTOCYCLES JUST ARRIVED. CALL AND SEE THEM W. M. HOUTS. AGENT. ANAHEIM Thursday, February 13 Again We Say to the Public “As Good as the Best” “Excelled by None” The Cameron Car F. B. TUFFREE of Placentia is vitally Interested Agent for Orange and Riverside Counties Pianos! Pianos! C. T. WEBBER Pianos! Pianos! C. T. WEBBER Is permanently located at 307 W. Center St., "West of Jensen's Bakery," with a complete line of Pianos and Player Pianos. Also Sewing Machines and Supplies. I handle the C. T.-Webber & Sons Pianos; also I am the exclusive representative for Orange county for the Emerson Pianos. I have in my employ a first-class Tuner and Tone regulator. Am prepared to sell my pianos on liberal terms. Call and inspect my goods and get my prices and terms. Don't forget the number 307 W. Center street "The NEW CASSOU Building" Orangethorpe Nurseries Half Mile west of Spadra Road on Orangethorpe Ave. B. F. PORTER, Proprietor WALNUT TREES FOR SALE Eurekas, Weres & Neff Prolifics grafted on Black Walnut root CALL AT NURSERY FOR PRICES Sunset 225 J Phones: Home 264 Fresh Killed Fresh Beef Fresh Killed Fresh Beef is a whole lot different than the meat that has lain in cold storage for months. You'll know that as soon as you taste the flavor of the beef you get here. It has been hung just long enough to make it wholesome, not long enough to lose its flavor. Try a roast or a steak. Then you'll know what really good beef is. PALACE MARKET WM. SCHUMACHER, Prop. ANAHEIM. - CALIFORNIA Free Water for Irrigation Own your own irrigation system and be independent. Insure your crops by having plenty of water at all times. Use all the water you want as often as you want it. Drill your own wells on your own land and secure plenty of water free of charge all the time. The famous Howell Well-Drilling Machines are made in all sizes suitable for drilling any size well to any depth. You can also make big money drilling wells for your neighbors. The demand for wells is far greater than can be supplied by the machines now at work. Write today for our big free catalogue "A." R.R.Howell&Co. 197 East Los Angeles MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS: MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Gazette Classified Ads Always Bring Results