anaheim-gazette 1912-04-11

Thursday, April 11 Maskew On Quarantining Has Spent Half a Lifetime in Combating Destructive Orchard Pests. By Frederick Maskew Almost half my life has been spent in the orchards of California, ranging from Chico to Chula Vista, and continual association with the orchardists or the sunshine, or perhaps both, has given me a viewpoint of things in general that is permanently cheerful and optimistic. Many times in the past I have been before these conventions, but it has always been with a message of cheer, of an economic ways and means of at least keeping even with some of the troubles of our orchards. I, in common with all of you present, listened to Mr. Essig, and to Dr. Coit and to Professor Cook, in the relation of that terrible list of our orchard troubles, of insect pest, of bacterial enemies, fungus foes and physiological troubles; that are already here and diligently at work, and to me it seems too bad that as one of the closing numbers of this successful convention, that I should be called up here to tell you about a lot more of these miserable organisms that are seeking an entrance practically every day. I have no desire or intention to attempt to prophesy what may or not happen; on the contrary, I am going to confine myself to a plain relation of the facts as I found them, as Mr. Powell told you in relation to mechanical injuries of your fruit, so with these matters of which I am about to speak, through see what composes the cargo. If there are any horticultural imports in the cargo, it is a simple matter to get control of it, because, having the good will of the dock officials, they will segregate and hold it until it has been inspected and properly treated. It is through the crews of these vessels that the danger of introducing insect pests is found. By experience, I have found that it expedites matters a great deal to be on good terms with the purser and chief steward. Most of the fruit or plants brought by members of the crew are usually kept in the coolroom, and all of this with the assistance of the purser and steward can be readily gotten at and inspected. Oranges, mangoes, and guavas are contraband, and are destroyed whenever found; other material is inspected, and if found clean and free from pests is passed, that is, a red label is attached which permits the owner to take it ashore at such times as he sees fit. We have found that even this procedure, followed by an inspection of the ship, is seldom complete, and that the only safe way is to watch the gangways and search every one leaving the vessels. I will next speak of the Mexican Navigation company's steamers. We always expect horticultural contraction in this instance, and always find that our expectations are realized. These vessels bring many Mexican steerage passengers whose baggage NEW YORK'S One of World's leading One of the greatest engineering enterprises of the new carry water to Catskills, and then in the whole is the principal stop mountain waters interoceanic canada, the Assuay Egypt and the converting west wastes into fruit kill aqueduct, wherevoirs probably of them in the to be solved. by a municipal magnitude and national enterprise. Because of its water supply doubtless the world. The imaqueducts, with es; but if the aqueducts could 84,000,000 gallons into New York it would rise to three feet three Ashokan dam i voir it will create area of 12.8 square shore line of 400 reservoir is full 000 million gallon ver Manhattan depth of 28 feet the average depout the reservoir to believe that convention, that I should be called up here to tell you about a lot more of these miserable organisms that are seeking an entrance practically every day. I have no desire or intention to attempt to prophesy what may or not happen; on the contrary, I am going to confine myself to a plain relation of the facts as I found them, as Mr. Powell told you in relation to mechanical injuries of your fruit, so with these matters of which I am about to speak, through the diligent exercise of proper care, they can be positively prevented, and further, in so far as my remarks are concerned, I wish it to be understood that they apply only to the conditions found at the port of San Diego during the past four months. Of these I have accurate, positive, first-hand information. Last fall I was sent to San Diego as the agent of the state commissioner of horticulture upon a special detail, and early in November I received instructions to look thoroughly into the amount of horticultural imports that were coming into that port; also into the methods of quarantine employed in handling such material, and to report fully upon the same. As a foundation for this work I interviewed the agents and managers of the steamboat lines, the United States customs officers, and the wharf and railroad superintendents, explaining to them the scope and functions of the horticultural quarantine law; that it was not in any way a restraint of trade, but protection for the orchards of California; that it was not the plants or fruits we were striving to keep out, but the insects and diseases that accompanied the most of them. I believe that all of these parties fully understand the situation, and they have cheerfully co-operated in every way. As a result of this preliminary work, I found that there are three lines of steamers trading regularly between Mexico and San Diego, in addition to this there is a fleet of small vessels trading between Mexico and Lower California and San Diego that have no fixed itinerary; also many yachts come in at different times from foreign ports and a line of steamers from Oregon. You know anything from outside of the state of California is foreign to the work of the state horticultural commission. With this as a basis, I went to work, and in all that follows, I want to say that I was very ably and cheerfully assisted by Mr. Stuart, the horticultural commissioner of San Diego county, and also by the customs house of convention, that I should be called up here to tell you about a lot more of these miserable organisms that are seeking an entrance practically every day. I have no desire or intention to attempt to prophesy what may or not happen; on the contrary, I am going to confine myself to a plain relation of the facts as I found them, as Mr. Powell told you in relation to mechanical injuries of your fruit, so with these matters of which I am about to speak, through the diligent exercise of proper care, they can be positively prevented,and further, in so far as my remarks are concerned, I wish it to be understood that they apply only to the conditions found at the port of San Diego during the past four months. Of these I have accurate, positive, first-hand information. Last fall I was sent to San Diego as the agent of the state commissioner of horticulture upon a special detail, and early in November I received instructions to look thoroughly into the amount of horticultural imports that were coming into that port; also into the methods of quarantine employed in handling such material, and to report fully upon the same. As a foundation for this work I interviewed the agents and managers of the steamboat lines, the United States customs officers, and the wharf and railroad superintendents, explaining to them the scope and functions of the horticultural quarantine law; that it was not in any way a restraint of trade, but protection for the orchards of California; that it was not the plants or fruits we were striving to keep out, but the insects and diseases that accompanied the most of them. I believe that all of these parties fully understand the situation, and they have cheerfully co-operated in every way. As a result of this preliminary work, I found that there are three lines of steamers trading regularly between Mexico and San Diego, in addition to this there is a fleet of small vessels trading between Mexico and Lower California and San Diego that have no fixed itinerary; also many yachts come in at different times from foreign ports and a line of steamers from Oregon. You know anything from outside of the state of California is foreign to the work of the state horticultural commission. With this as a basis, I went to work, and in all that follows, I want to say that I was very ably and cheerfully assisted by Mr. Stuart, the horticultural commissioner of San Diego county, and also by the customs house of convention, that I should be called up here to tell you about a lot more of these miserable organisms that are seeking an entrance practically every day. I have no desire or intention to attempt to prophesy what may or not happen; on the contrary, I am going to confine myself to a plain relation of the facts as I found them, as Mr. Powell told you in relation to mechanical injuries of your fruit, so with these matters of which I am about to speak, through the diligent exercise of proper care, they can be positively prevented,and further, in so far as my remarks are concerned, I wish it to be understood that they apply only to the conditions found at the port of San Diego during the past four months. Of these I have accurate, positive, first-hand information. Last fall I was sent to San Diego as the agent of the state commissioner of horticulture upon a special detail, and early in November I received instructions to look thoroughly into the amount of horticultural imports that were coming into that port; also into the methods of quarantine employed in handling such material, and to report fully upon the same. As a foundation for this work I interviewed the agents and managers of the steamboat lines, the United States customs officers, and the wharf and railroad superintendents, explaining to them the scope and functions of the horticultural quarantine law; that it was not in any way a restraint of trade, but protection for the orchards of California; that it was not the plants or fruits we were striving to keep out, but the insects and diseases that accompanied the most of them. I believe that all of these parties fully understand the situation, and they have cheerfully co-operated in every way. As a result of this preliminary work, I found that there are three lines of steamers trading regularly between Mexico and San Diego, in addition to this there is a fleet of small vessels trading between Mexico and Lower California and San Diego that have no fixed itinerary; also many yachts come in at different times from foreign ports and a line of steamers from Oregon. You know anything from outside of the state of California is foreign to the work of the state horticultural commission. With this as a basis, I went to work, and in all that follows, I want to say that I was very ably and cheerfully assisted by Mr. Stuart, the horticultural commissioner of San Diego county, and also by the customs house offer to take it ashore at such times as he sees fit. We have found that even this procedure, followed by an inspection of the ship, is seldom complete, and that only safe way is to watch the gangways and search every one leaving the vessels. I will next speak of the Mexican Navigation company's steamers. We always expect horticultural contraband in this instance, and always find that our expectations are realized. These vessels bring many Mexican steerage passengers whose baggage consists largely of packing boxes secured from home stores. An inspection of these reveal a national trait,a characteristic of the people,the habitof pilon. Packed in with articles of domestic use are to be found oranges，lemons，limes，mangoes，guavas,cactus fruit,dried fruit,sugar cane,cuttings of plants and trees,cocoa nuts，seeds,and many forms of dried herbs. All the laws of Christendom will never stop this practice. It is not a commercial,not a business,venure,but the custom of a people，of a nation,a national characteristic,"Un pilon por mi amigo," simply a gift for my friend. No one has helped us more in this particular matter than the managing director of this line，who speaksthe languageof these people freely,and I know that he will agree with me when I saythat our only hope of prevention isin the rigid inspectionof each individual case. In dealing with the vessels plying between Ensenada and San Diego,the material handled is practicallyall personal baggage;the inspectionof this is very thoroughandthe opportunityto detect any itemsof horticultural interest an open one.In dealingwith this classofthe workthere area great many actions takenthat tothe casual observer mightappear trivial.But it is well alwaysto rememberthat，with perhapsthe single exceptionof purple scale.,themostof our orchard troubleshavegainedan entrance upon some objectofsmall commercial value. I will not take up any moreof your time with this narrative,furtherthanto relatea single instanceas an illustrationfromwhichyou candrawyour own conclusionsasto thenecessityandvalueofthework.OnNovember 22d,Mr.Steuartandmyself,hroughthe courteousassistanceofa customs officer,caughtthe chief cookofthe steamer Isthmiancomingashorewitha basketoffruitcalledAchras sapota.Thisfruitlikeslikeapersimmonwitharusetskin.As usual,the declaredhereto takeitashoreatsuchtimesashesefit.Wewavefoundthateventhisprocedure,followedbyaninspectionoftheship.isseldomcomplete,andthatonlysafewayistowatchthegangwaysandsearcheveryoneleavingthevessels. I will next speak ofthe MexicanNavigationcompany'ssteamers.Wewalwaysexpecthorticulturalcontrabandinthisinstance,andalwaysfindthatourexpectationsarerealized.TheesevesselsbringmanyMexicansteeragepassengerswhosebaggageconsistslargelyofpackingboxessecuredfromhomestores.Aninspectionofthese revealsa nationaltraffic,acharacteristicofthepeople,thehabitofpilon.Packedinwitharticlesofdomesticusearetobefoundoranges，lemons，limes,mangoes，guavas,cactusfruit,driedfruit,sugarcanecuttingsofplantsandtrees,cocoa nuts，seeds,andmanyformsofdriedherbs.AllthelawsofChristendomwillneverstopthispractice.itisnotacommercial,notabusiness,venure,butthecustomofapeople，ofa nation,a Nationalcharacteristic,"Unpilonpormiamigo,"simplyagiftformyfriend.Noonehashelpedusmoreinthisparticularmatterthanthemanagingdirectorofthisline，whospeaksthelanguageofthesepeoplefreely,andIknowthathewillagreewithmewhenI saythatouronlyhopeoffreventionisintherigidinspectionofeachindividualcase. In dealingwiththevesselsplyingbetweenEnsenadaandSanDiego,thematerialhandledispraticallyallpersonalbaggage;theinspectionofthisisverythoroughandtheopportunitytocdetectanyitemsofhorticulturalinterestanopenone.Indealingwiththisclassoftheworktherearea great manyactionstakenthattothecasualobservermightappeartrivial.Butitiswellalwaystorememberthat，withperhapsthesingleexceptionofpurplescale.,themostofourorchardtroubleshouldenewsubstantiallaborersareforeignansandnegroes. 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You know anything from outside of the state of California is foreign to the work of the state horticultural commission. With this as a basis, I went to work, and in all that follows, I want to say that I was very ably and cheerfully assisted by Mr. Stuart, the horticultural commissioner of San Diego county, and also by the customs house officers at that port. The first line of steamers that I shall refer to is that of the American Hawaiian company, with ships of eight and ten thousand tons; these arrive once in every six days, or oftener, direct from Salina Cruz, Mexico. These vessels bring no passengers, but the petty officers and crew are composed of Kanakas, Japs and Mexicans, whose home town is Salina Cruz. It is a characteristic of those races that they are great fruit eaters. Then there is the Mexican Navigation company, whose vessels, the Manuel Herrerias or the Benito Juarez, trade between Mexican way ports and San Diego, and arrive once each twenty days, or oftener. There is also a passenger line plying direct between Ensenada, Mexico, and San Diego. Up to January 1st this line made three trips each week, but now only twice a week. There are on an average 19 vessels directly between Mexican ports and San Diego each month. Now let us for a moment into the detail of this work. Take, for instance, one of the American Hawaiian liners, on reaching the docks they are first inspected by the immigration officers, and the customs officers, the latter placing a man at the gangway to see that no one leaves the vessel without a permit. It is then the turn of the horticultural officers, and there being no passengers or baggage, the first thing is to get the manifest and your time with this narrative, further than to relate a single instance as an illustration from which you can draw your own conclusions as to the necessity and value of the work. On November 22d, Mr. Steuart and myself, through the courteous assistance of a customs officer, caught the chief cook of the steamer Isthmian coming ashore with a basket of fruit called Achras sapota. This fruit looks like a persimmon with a russet skin. As usual, he declared he did not intend to sell these, but was taking them as a gift to one of his friends. We went over these carefully for any evidence of scale or insect pest and, finding none, cut one open. There was a maggot at work, busily consuming the fruit immediately around the pit. Several specimens were found free of maggots, but one had eight or ten maggots. These I confined in a breeding jar and destroyed the remainder of the fruit. From that material I bred and have the adult flies, typical fruit flies. They are not the adult of the orange maggot, Trypeta ludens, but very closely akin. TO INSPECT ORANGE SEED Porterville Growers are Suspicious of Shipments from Florida Porterville, April 9.—Orange seeds in quantity are coming in from Florida at this time of year, and as a result the horticultural commission has an especially busy time just now, what with the inspection of trees in various portions of the district, as well as the necessary inspection of all sorts of plants and shrubs which are being brought in for the beautification of home property. All orange seed must be fumigated and otherwise treated as a preventive of all possibility of being infected with red spider, which is considered one of the most deadly and dangerous of all citrus pests. NEW YORK'S GREAT AQUEDUCT One of World's Greatest Engineering Products One of the greatest of modern engineering enterprises is the construction of the new aqueduct system, to carry water to New York from the Catskills, and the most colossal unit in the whole is the Ashokan reservoir the principal storage place for the mountain waters. Ranking with the interoceanic canals at Suez and Panama, the Assuan irrigation works in Egypt and the projects which are converting western America's arid wastes into fruitful fields, the Catskill aqueduct, with its tributary reservoirs probably surpasses any one of them in the variety of problems to be solved. Although undertaken by a municipality, these works in magnitude and cost compare with national enterprises. Because of its impressive ruins, the water supply of ancient Rome is doubtless the most famous in the world. The imperial city had nine aqueducts, with a total of 263 miles; but if the water that all those aqueducts could carry (estimated at 84,000,000 gallons per day) were put into New York's Catskill aqueduct, it would rise to the height of only three feet three inches. When the Ashokan dam is finished the reservoir it will create will cover a water area of 12.8 square miles and have a shore line of 40 miles. When the reservoir is full it will contain 128,000 million gallons, sufficient to cover Manhattan island to an average depth of 28 feet. Fifty feet will be the average depth of water throughout the reservoir. It is reasonable to believe that the Catskill aqueducterted by a column of water 1600 feet high. This amounts to about 700 lbs. per sq. inch. After being forced out from under the Hudson the water goes half-way up the face of Breakneck mountain, and then through two mountains and along the high valleys of the Highlands until it reaches Foundry Brook. Four steel pipes carry the water across that waterway. After another mountain tunnel and another slightly undulating course, it reaches High Service reservoir, 300 feet above sea level. Three kinds of construction will be used in the course of the aqueduct. The largest part will be what is called "cut and cover." This form of work is used only on the hydraulic grade. The second form is tunneling. The third form of construction is the building of steel pipes. This last form will require renewal from time to time. In New York city the aqueduct will be nothing less than a subterranean river—ramifying through hundreds of miles of solid rock throughout, issuing finally through faucets and hydrants to serve those who have bidden it. In no place will this aqueduct be less than 170 feet below the surface of the streets. The natural pressure will be of sufficient force in lower Manhattan to carry the water to the top of a 20-story building. After traversing nearly the whole of the island, the aqueduct will cross the East river and enter Brooklyn. The course will next swing round a semi-circle, pass across the Narrows and thus arrive at its terminal point on Staten Island. BOY SCOUTS ARE BROTHERS naling; observation of animals and all details of every kind, of tracking and stalking, knowledge of plants and trees and astronomy; health and endurance, including sobriety, non-smoking and general preservation of health and development of body." Here is a bit of advice which Sir Robert gives American boys: As to the boys, I should have liked to urge upon them to go ahead as they have begun. To learn cooking and camping, and how to look after themselves in the wild, whether on water or on land. To be manly, chivalrous fellows especially by doing good turns daily, however small, to the weaker and smaller. To join together, as troops or patrols in doing public service, as a matter of duty and not with any idea of being rewarded. THE APRIL FOOL JOKES What has become of the robust old April 1st joke? Where is the wool doughnut, so fried and browned in fat as to deceive even Foxy Grandpa? Where is the empty purse nailed to the sidewalk? Where is the April Fool placard attached to the back of the sedate and conservative citizen, as he marches down to the office, stepping high and with his chin in the air? April Fool's day, like St. Valentine and other traditional customs, seems largely to have fallen into the hands of the children. Annually you may still hear Tommy asking Johnny if he sees the bird up the tree, of if he is going to the circus this afternoon. But among the grown-ups, how it would rise to the height of only three feet three inches. When the Ashokan dam is finished the reservoir it will create will cover a water area of 12.8 square miles and have a shore line of 40 miles. When the reservoir is full it will contain 128,000 million gallons, sufficient to cover Manhattan island to an average depth of 28 feet. Fifty feet will be the average depth of water throughout the reservoir. It is reasonable to believe that the Catskill aqueduct will be as permanent as those of Rome. Imperial Rome's longest aqueduct was 57 miles in length; the Catskill aqueduct will be 92 miles long. Rome, with hordes of laborers from conquered domains, carried its aqueducts at hydraulic grade across valleys on imposing masonry arches. Modern explosives and rock drills enable New York to tunnel in solid rock beneath valleys and rivers, avoiding masonry, which is now expensive, and which is likely to suffer in New York's severer climate. Olive bridge dam is the greatest of the chain of dams and closes the main gorge to Esopus creek. It is a mile long on top and has a maximum height above its foundation of 240 feet. The central portion has a top length of 1000 feet and the top width is as wide as an ordinary roadway. The cost of engineering this spectacular piece of work will amount to more than $12,000,000. The thousands of laborers who are now housed in the temporary town known as "Camp City", enjoy all the comforts, and are far more healthful than they would be in their own homes. A complete system of sewage has been installed, and in sanitary matters it is, in a few respects at least, more advanced than some communities far more substantial and attractive. The laborers are for the most part Italians and negroes. The Catskill aqueduct is virtually a subway. Unfortunately a pipe-line will not do. It must be remembered that the Ashokan reservoir is 500 feet above sea level, and that with every fall of two feet the pressure of water increases nearly one pound to the square inch. The lowest level to be reached will have a pressure on the pipe of 130 pounds to the sq. inch, or over 18,000 pounds to the sq. foot. A pipe to endure a strain like that would be enormously expensive. Simple means was used to overcome the necessity of building bridges to keep the pipe up at a level (called hydraulic grade). When a valley was reached below the hydraulic grade, it would rise to the height of only three feet three inches. When the Ashokan dam is finished the reservoir it will create will cover a water area of 12.8 square miles and have a shore line of 40 miles. When the reservoir is full it will contain 128,000 million gallons, sufficient to cover Manhattan island to an average depth of 28 feet. Fifty feet will be the average depth of water throughout the reservoir. It is reasonable to believe that the Catskill aqueduct will be as permanent as those of Rome. Imperial Rome's longest aqueduct was 57 miles in length; the Catskill aqueduct will be 92 miles long. Rome, with hordes of laborers from conquered domains, carried its aqueducts at hydraulic grade across valleys on imposing masonry arches. Modern explosives and rock drills enable New York to tunnel in solid rock beneath valleys and rivers, avoiding masonry, which is now expensive, and which is likely to suffer in New York's severer climate. Olive bridge dam is the greatest of the chain of dams and closes the main gorge to Esopus creek. It is a mile long on top and has a maximum height above its foundation of 240 feet. The central portion has a top length of 1000 feet and the top width is as wide as an ordinary roadway. The cost of engineering this spectacular piece of work will amount to more than $12,000,000. The thousands of laborers who are now housed in the temporary town known as "Camp City", enjoy all the comforts, and are far more healthful than they would be in their own homes. A complete system of sewage has been installed, and in sanitary matters it is, in a few respects at least, more advanced than some communities far more substantial and attractive. The laborers are for the most part Italians and negroes. The Catskill aqueduct is virtually a subway. Unfortunately a pipe-line will not do. It must be remembered that the Ashokan reservoir is 500 feet above sea level, and that with every fall of two feet the pressure of water increases nearly one pound to the square inch. The lowest level to be reached will have a pressure on the pipe of 130 pounds to the sq. inch, or over 18,000 pounds to the sq. foot. A pipe to endure a strain like that would be enormously expensive. Simple means was used to overcome the necessity of building bridges to keep the pipe up at a level (called hydraulic grade). When a valley was reached below the hydraulic grade, it would rise to the height of only three feet three inches. When the Ashokan dam is finished the reservoir it will create will cover a water area of 12.8 square miles and have a shore line of 40 miles. When the reservoir is full it will contain 128,000 million gallons, sufficient to cover Manhattan island to an average depth of 28 feet. Fifty feet will be the average depth of water throughout the reservoir. It is reasonable to believe that the Catskill aqueduct will be as permanent as those of Rome. Imperial Rome's longest aqueduct was 57 miles in length; the Catskill aqueduct will be 92 miles long. Rome, with hordes of laborers from conquered domains, carried its aqueducts at hydraulic grade across valleys on imposing masonry arches. Modern explosives and rock drills enable New York to tunnel in solid rock beneath valleys and rivers, avoiding masonry, which is now expensive, and which is likely to suffer in New York's severer climate. Olive bridge dam is the greatest of the chain of dams and closes the main gorge to Esopus creek. It is a mile long on top and has a maximum height above its foundation of 240 feet. The central portion has a top length of 1000 feet and the top width is as wide as an ordinary roadway. The cost of engineering this spectacular piece of work will amount to more than $12,000,000. The thousands of laborers who are now housed in the temporary town known as "Camp City", enjoy all the comforts, and are far more healthful than they would be in their own homes. A complete system of sewage has been installed, and in sanitary matters it is, in a few respects at least, more advanced than some communities far more substantial and attractive. The laborers are for the most part Italians and negroes. The Catskill aqueduct is virtually a subway. Unfortunately a pipe-line will not do. It must be remembered that the Ashokan reservoir is 500 feet above sea level, and that with every fall of two feet the pressure of water increases nearly one pound to the square inch. The lowest level to be reached will have a pressure on the pipe of 130 pounds to the sq. inch, or over 18,000 pounds to the sq. foot. A pipe to endure a strain like that would be enormously expensive. Simple means was used to overcome the necessity of building bridges to keep the pipe up at a level (called hydraulic grade). When a valley was reached below the hydraulic grade, it would rise to the height of only three feet three inches. When the Ashokan dam is finished the reservoir it will create will cover a water area of 12.8 square miles and have a shore line of 40 miles. When the reservoir is full it will contain 128,000 million gallons, sufficient to cover Manhattan island to an average depth of 28 feet. Fifty feet will be the average depth of water throughout the reservoir. It is reasonable to believe that the Catskill aqueduct will be as permanent as those of Rome. Imperial Rome's longest aqueduct was 57 miles in length; the Catskill aqueduct will be 92 miles long. Rome, with hordes of laborers from conquered domains, carried its aqueducts at hydraulic grade across valleys on imposing masonry arches. Modern explosives and rock drills enable New York to tunnel in solid rock beneath valleys and rivers, avoiding masonry, which is now expensive, and which is likely to suffer in New York's severer climate. Olive bridge dam is the greatest of the chain of dams and closes the main gorge to Esopus creek. It is a mile long on top and has a maximum height above its foundation of 240 feet. The central portion has a top length of 1000 feet and the top width is as wide as an ordinary roadway. The cost of engineering this spectacular piece of work will amount to more than $12,000,000. The thousands of laborers who are now housed in the temporary town known as "Camp City", enjoy all the comforts, and are far more healthful than they would be in their own homes. A complete system of sewage has been installed, and in sanitary matters it is, in a few respects at least, more advanced than some communities far more substantial and attractive. The laborers are for the most part Italians and negroes. The Catskill aqueduct is virtually a subway. Unfortunately a pipe-line will not do. It must be remembered that the Ashokan reservoir is 500 feet above sea level, and that with every fall of two feet the pressure of water increases nearly one pound to the square inch. The lowest level to be reached will have a pressure on the pipe of 130 pounds to the sq. inch, or over 18,000 pounds to the sq. foot. A pipe to endure a strain like that would be enormously expensive Simple means was used to overcome the necessity of building bridges to keep the pipe up at a level (called hydraulic grade). When a valley was reached below the hydraulic grade, it would rise to the height of only three feet three inches. When the Ashokan dam is finished the reservoir it will create will cover a water area of 12.8 square miles and have a shore line of 40 miles. When the reservoir is full it will contain 128,000 million gallons, sufficient to cover Manhattan island to an average depth of 28 feet. Fifty feet will be the average depth of water throughout the reservoir. It is reasonable to believe that there are some yet among us who retain enough of the play spirit to keep up the pranks and festivals of childhood. There are still adults who get more satisfaction out of the candles and glitter of the Christmas tree than from the most expensive present. And no doubt there are homes where the sporting chance of fooling your better half is better than a flier in stocks. Quite likely the men are responsible for the decline of April Fool among the grown-ups. After you have been fooled by the wife of your bosom for a dozen years regularly before breakfast, you can't help feeling that it is but childish business anyway. It is a number of years since we have heard any inquiry youth sent after the strap oil or a left handed screw driver. Students of popular manners say the April Fool trick is the oldest custom in the world. If so, what does it signify if it has dropped out of our life? Are we so hurried and flurried that the play spirit is clean squeezed out of our dry hearts? A rather seedy-looking man hurried excitedly from the rear coach into the smoking compartment of Pullman. "Has any one got any whiskey?" he shrillly inquired. "A lady back there has fainted." Half-a dozen flasks were offered instantly. Seizing one, he looked at it critically, uncorked it, put it to his lips and took a long, lingering pull. "Ah," he exclaimed, with gusto, "I feel better now. Seeing a woman in a faint always did upset me." every fall of two feet the pressure of water increases nearly one pound to the square inch. The lowest level to be reached will have a pressure on the pipe of 130 pounds to the sq. inch, or over 18,000 pounds to the sq. foot. A pipe to endure a strain like that would be enormously expensive. Simple means was used to overcome the necessity of building bridges to keep the pipe up at a level (called hydraulic grade). When a valley was reached below the hydraulic grade, the aqueduct was made to dive—not to the surface of the valley, but hundreds of feet below the surface—and then rise to the level on the other side. Such a plunge of water into the depths of rock is called a siphon. Several of these siphons will be found. One beneath the Wallkill valley, and one beneath the valley of Roundout, and another, most astounding, of all, hundreds of feet below the bed of the majestic Hudson. It is rather a ragged course along which the water will flow from Olive bridge to the High Service reservoir at Yonkers. The water begins its flow swiftly, but placidly enough, then dashes through the Catskills to meet a perpendicular descent of 200 feet and in a moment another one of 400 feet. By turns it is carried forward, upward, forward, downward, until, after reaching a depth of 700 ft, it suddenly shoots upward to the side of Bonicou Crag. It is then siphoned under the Wallkill valley. The Moodna section of a siphon is entered and then it goes on a direct line for the Hudson river. The most interesting crossing is that where the passage is made from one side of the Hudson to the other. Here the line of no pressure is 400 feet above the river. It has been found necessary to place the bottom of the aqueduct 1200 feet below the river surface. In consequence of these two facts, the upward pressure is enormous, being equal to that ex- knots and of course he can light his fire and cook his 'grub' and make himself generally handy and comfortable. Then a scout's life makes him so cheerful that he is always on the grin, and when a few scouts get together round the camp fire, their songs and war dances are something fairly rousing." The value of scoutcraft is illustrated by an anecdote by Sir Robert. "I remember," he said, "a fellow coming out to a pioneer country who had been thought a great deal of at one of the chief public schools at home. He had played in his own school eleven at Lord's and, you know when a fellow has done this he thinks a lot of himself and so do his friends. But this poor fellow found that cricket and applause were not of much good to him when it came to pioneering in the backwoods, with the hostile savages around, and he very soon got the 'funks' and offered a big reward to anybody who would get him safely out of the country, and home again. Well, if he had just learned a bit of scouting before he went out he would have had the pluck to go on and would have enjoyed a real good time of adventure and success. "Scoutcraft," continued Baden-Powell, "includes the attributes of our best Colonial frontiersmen, such as resourcefulness, discipline, self-reliance, unselfishness, physical activity and development, chivalry, loyalty and patriotism. These and kindred qualities are taught entirely by means of practices and games such as really attract and hold the boys; that is they are taught through the medium of camp life with its details of pioneering, hut building, felling of trees, fire fighting and cooking and so on by campaigning, or life in the open, finding the way in strange localities, boat-cruising, map reading or judging heights and distances; conveying information by signals and sig- ANAHEIM STEAM LAUNDRY Fitted with the most up-to-date machinery for turning out the best work on short notice and at moderate prices. Patronize home industry, especially when you get just a little bit better service here than you can get anywhere else. ANAHEIM STEAM LAUNDRY J. E. FISHER & CO., Props. SOUTH LEMON STREET Anaheim, Cal. ANAHEIM Cigar Factory ARNOLD & SON, Props. West Center St., Anaheim. Manufacturers of The Anaheim Eagle and Rosebud Cigars. We make a Specialty of Private Box Trade. LUMBER, CEMENT, BRICK ARDEN PLASTER MILL WORK Beveled Well Curbing C. GANAHL LUMBER COMPANY CHAS F GRIM. Manager THE NATIONAL MARKET No. 107 W. Center St. W. M. COOPER, PROPRIETOR. The Best of Beef, Mutton and Pork, Sausage, Ham, Bacon and Lard. The patronage of the public is respectfully solicited. For First-Class Fumigating You should get a man who knows how. I have had the experience and can deliver the goods. H.J. Westerman North Olive Street, ANAHEIM CALIFORNIA Buy Lots in Zeyn Tract Buy Lots in Zeyn Tract NOW More than a fourth of these fine residence lots have been sold. Sidewalks and curbs will be completed and the streets graded and oiled in about one more month, when prices of remaining lots will be advanced. Best building restrictions in the city. To cash purchasers we will loan money to build if desired. Secure a lot for your home before prices are raised. SEE P. H. KRICK AT Office: 113 East Center St. Residence, 315 North Los Angeles Street, ANAHEIM - CALIFORNIA LOW RATES FROM THE EAST From March 1st to April 15th, 1912, inclusive, from all points in the East, tickets will be sold at low rates to California. EXAMPLES Omaha ... $25.00 Chicago ... $33.00 Kansas City ... 25.00 New York ... 50.00 Houston, Tex ... 25.00 St. Louis ... 32.00 Proportionately low fares from other points Ask us for literature and further details and write your friends to come west via the Southern Pacific for prompt and reliable service. See Agents Southern Pacific C. W. Pendleton, Agt., Anaheim. Both Phones Los Angeles Office, 600 S. Spring St. FOUR See Agents Southern Pacific C. W. Pendleton, Agt., Anaheim. Both Phones Los Angeles Office, 600 S. Spring St. FOUR ROUTES EAST SUNSET Double Daily Service to New Orleans and East through the Sunny South. EL PASO "GOLDEN STATE LIMITED," the de luxe, exclusively first class. The "CALIFORNIAN" for both first and second class travel. The line of low altitudes. OGDEN Through the beautiful Sierra Nevadas, and across the Great Salt Lake. The route of the SAN FRANCISCO "OVERLAND LIMITED." SHASTA Via Mt. Shasta and the great NORTH-WEST, unequalled for scenic grandeur. SOUTHERN PACIFIC J. M. PICKERING, Anaheim Agent. Both Phones. L. B. VALLA, Commerc'l Agt. Santa Ana, Cal.