anaheim-gazette 1911-12-21

DISEASES OF PLANTS Prof. Smith of Whittler Discusses Subject in Pamphlet Just Issued. An important part of the work of every agricultural experiment station consists, says Prof. Ralph E. Smith, of the Whittler State Laboratory in a bulletin just received at this office, in the dissemination of useful information, as well as the carrying on of investigations seeking for new knowledge. It is the former phase of station work which is represented in the present bulletin. This publication is intended as a handbook of plant diseases occurring in California, giving a brief description of the nature of the principal troubles, together with directions for their control. Many miscellaneous and less important troubles are also described the plan being to record all plant diseases of any possible interest which have been observed in California by members of the department. The meaning of the word "disease" as it applies in the present sense to plant production, is decidedly less specific than the conception of the same word as applied to the human race or domestic animals. In the latter case disease may be defined as the opposite of health, and health means a condition of normal functional activity of the body. In the growing of cultivated plants or "crops," however, there are always two distinct objects, or considerations involved for successful, satisfactory results. These are as follows: (1) The plant must make a vigorous development and maintain to as great an extent as possible that condition which we denote as "thrift." ture plant is the result of two sets of forces. The first of these is the inherent capacity of the seed to develop and produce a normal individual of its kind. The second set of forces constitutes the environment in which the plant grows, and of which the soil is one part, the other component being climate. Every plant is an expression of the combination and interaction of these three groupes of forces—the seed, the climate, and the soil." A clear understanding of the fundamental principles of normal plant physiology is necessary to enable one to judge abnormal or diseased conditions with any degree of accuracy. A brief exposition of this subject may therefore be of use at this point. Every plant consists of certain part or organs, each with its particular duty to perform to maintain the life and activities of the whole. These parts are commonly as follows: The root, stem, branch, leaf, "ower, fruit and seed. Any or all of these parts is liable to disease, either in the strict sense of the word, meaning that they may be so affected as to cause an unhealthy condition, or they may be affected in the broader sense of having undesirable commercial characteristics, since all of these parts, in various plants, represent the commercially desirable portion. Some plants, for instance, like the turnip or carrot are cultivated for the root, some for the stem or branches, like the asparagus or celery, some for the leaf, like the lettuce, and a great many different kinds for the flowers, fruit or the seed. If the root or stem be diseased, in a sense of being inan injured or... or domestic animals. In the latter case disease may be defined as the opposite of health, and health means a condition of normal functional activity of the body. In the growing of cultivated plants or "crops," however, there are always two distinct objects or considerations involved for successful, satisfactory results. These are as follows: (1) The plant must make a vigorous development and maintenance to as great an extent as possible that condition which we denote as "thrift." In almost all cases of crop production it is desirable to maintain thrifty and vigorous growth. This corresponds quite closely to what we call "health" in the animal body. (2) Along with this thrifty condition it is likewise necessary to attain certain arbitrary qualities or characteristics of the root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit or seed, such characteristics being those which made the product of the plant most desirable from a commercial standpoint. Most of these qualities are not at all necessary to a condition of ordinary health or thrift and some of them are even opposed to it. We may, therefore, say in the present sense that we are considering under the term "disease" any condition of a plant in which there is a decided failure of thrifty development, or failure of the plant to produce a commercial product of satisfactory quality or quantity. This bulletin will impress many, at first sight, as being of a much more general nature and wider in scope than the usual plant disease manual. It may seem to some to leave the province of the plant pathologist and invade that of the soil chemist and physicist, the agronomist and the horticulturist. Such a conception of the scope of plant pathology results from the common impression that all plant diseases are caused by insects, fungi, bacteria or other living organisms of the nature known as parasites. This is far from being the case, particularly in a region like California, where the conditions attending the culture of plants are extremely artificial, the soils largely in a semiarid or desert condition before being brought under cultivation, and where the commercial crops are produced by plants which have been introduced from all sorts of climates and conditions. Under such circumstances it is not surprising that soil and climatic conditions should have powerful influences upon plant growth, and produce many abnormal effects and dis- fected in the broader sense of having undesirable commercial characteristics, since all of these parts, in various plants, represent the commercially desirable portion. Some plants, for instance, like the turnip or carrot are cultivated for the root, some for the stem or branches, like the asparagus or celery, some for the leaf, like the lettuce, and a great many different kinds for the flowers, fruit or the seed. If the root or stem be diseased, in a sense of being inan injured or unhealthy condition, the flow of water from the ground will be cut off or interfered with and the remainder of the plant suffer accordingly. If the leaves are injured or destroyed their functions will be interfered with and the rest of the plant suffer from starvation. Likewise, the alvee of the crop will be injured or destroyed if the particular part of which the plant is cultivate has imperfections or undesirable characteristics, whether the health or thrift of the plant is injured or not. On the organs mentioned, the root commonly grows—the soil and the remainder of the plant in the air. The soil has two general purposes in relation to plant growth. In the first place it furnishes a medium through which the root is able to accomplish its mechanical functions of holding the plant upright in the air and exposing its parts to the air and sunlight. Second and more important, the soil is a storehouse of food and moisture, both of which are indispensable to plant growth. The soil is composed of an aggregation of various sized particles of mineral matter, resulting from the disintegration of rocks, into which is mixed various amounts of organic matter, resulting from the decomposition of plant and animal remains. Being composed of individual particles of irregular shape there is more or less space between the particles, which is filled either with water or with air and other gases. The size of the spaces and, therefore, the amount of water or air which the soil may contain depends upon the size of the particles and the degree to which they are compacted together. Far from being an insert mass of dead mineral and organic matter, the soil is likewise the home of uncounted myriads of living organisms, not only soil bacteria, of which much has been heard of late, but also many other forms of low plant life, hosts of simple animal organisms, and like wise more highly developed creatures, Air is also required by well as by other parts of The activities of the roots fore entirely dependent on physical texture, moisture temperature and chemical content of the soil. If these are favorable, the plant fills far as the functions of this concerned. If decidedly unimportant respect, bad disease follow. Before proceeding "to aid of the principal troubles serious crops it may be used in following general directions examination of unhealthy 1. Note whether any partition of the orchard or in the trouble worse or less seek to find wherein con- different there from those mainder of the planting. 2. Note whether any par- variety of the crop is less affected than others, or any particular individual marked resistance, immunity from the trouble. As commercial qualities and mune variety or individual 3. Determine as accurate sible part of the plan actually affected. In many instances, the leaves or 'o' and die when the real trotthe roots. 4. Look first for the specifics, such as those of an or other climatic influence injuries or other obvious trouble. 5. Look for indications salt, poor drainage, too heavy soil or other injurious ditions, as shown by surf tations, the occurrence of a tation peculiar to certain of any peculiarity in therof the soil in the region affected parts. 6. Look for the presence insects or other parasites; one's ability extends 'n this Endeavor to observe accu judge intelligently wheth ganisms found are the ca trouble or simply secondary. 7. If nothing is found ab- to indicate the cause of th dig or bore a hole to reached by the lowest roo- te digging notice the co roots,the consistency ers of soil,the amount o which they contain,and tion to the development o nia, where the conditions attending the culture of plants are extremely artificial, the soils largely in a semiarid or desert condition before being brought under cultivation, and where the commercial crops are produced by plants which have been introduced from all sorts of climates and conditions. Under such circumstances it is not surprising that soil and climatic conditions should have powerful influences upon plant growth, and produce many abnormal effects and disturbances. Such is the case, and in diagnosing plant troubles in California it is quite as necessary and usually more difficult to judge such influences accurately than to determine the work of parasitic organisms. Many of these effects can not be distinctly segregated or described as specific diseases of certain plants, but they will be briefly summarized in a later chapter. The development of plants and the nature of the products which they bear are influenced by two principal factors: first, the inherent quality of the plant itself, transmitted through the seed or bud; second, the nature of the environment in which the plant develops. One factor is as important as the other, and the plant pathologist must work through both in order to attain the desired results. In the former case he enters the field or calls upon the services of the plant breeder, in order to obtain varieties of plants having the desired qualities, while in the latter case he investigates the effects of the various influences and agencies which act upon the plant during its growth and seeks means to counteract or stimulate such influences, as the case may be. Here again the aid of various sciences must be invoked in order to obtain the desired results. In a recent text-book the matter is well expressed in the following language: "Every plant has definite requirements for its best development. The character of the ma- Far from being an inert mass of dead mineral and organic matter, the soil is likewise the home of uncounted myriads of living organisms, not only soil bacteria, of which much has been heard of late, but also many other forms of low plant life, hosts of simple animal organisms, and like wise more highly developed creatures, such as earth worms and many other forms. All of these exert a profound influence upon the soil and its relation to plant production. The features of the soil which particularly interest us in this connection have three phases: chemical, physical and biological. Chemically, the soil furnishes most of the elements of food which the plant requires, said elements being deried from the original rocks from which the soil was formed and the decaying plant and animal remains which it contains, all being gradually brought into solution in the water which permeates the soil. The soil may likewise contain substances of a nature injurious to plants. It is, therefore, most evident that the student of plant pathology must carefully consider the chemical nature of the soil in studying the condition and health of the plant. Physically, the texture of the soil has a very great influence upon the development of the root, upon the supply of moisture which the soil may furnish to the plant, upon the availability and accessibility of the food supply stored up in the soil, upon the performance of cultural operations necessary to the proper development of the plant and is in every way fully as important as the chemical consideration. Biologically, both the chemical and physical condition of the soil are largely influenced by the activities of the living organisms which it con- Endeavor to observe accurate judgement intelligently whether organisms found are the cause trouble or simply secondary. 7. If nothing is found able to indicate the cause of this dig or bore a hole to reach by the lowest roots, then digging notice the roots, the consistency of soil, the amount of which they contain, and attention to the development of Look carefully for any peculious condition, either in soil or soil, and continue the effort out to the smallest roots to an ample depth. 8. Ascertain as closely as all that can be found out previous history and treatment soil and plants, all information possible value as to irrigation, fertilization, cultural and previous climatic conditions so the nature of the trouble very first appearance. 9. If necessary examine groves, trees or plants of kind, making the same exertion and inquiry, and endeavour wherein conditions or those where the trees or diseased. After this examination, no formation is desired, endecting the most characteristic either of parts of the plant and send them to the property with complete information on nature and occurrence trouble. In sending parts pack them so that they will as fresh as possible. In obb samples take a fair sample foot down to a depth of four feet. Buy your Christmas present Theodore Roberts. He has well selected line from choose. ANAHEIM GAZETTE Report to the Comptroller of the Currency Condition of THE FIRST NATURAL OF ANAHEIM At the Close of Business D ASSETS Loans and Discounts $468,088.10 United States Bonds 50,000.00 Premium on U.S. Bonds 2,000.00 Other Bonds - - 21,445.00 Cash on Hand and in Banks and U.S. Treas. 268,097.44 Banking House, Etc. - 31,000.00 Premium on U.S. Bonds 2,000.00 Other Bonds - - - 21,445.00 Cash on Hand and in Banks and U.S. Treas. 268,097.44 Banking House, Etc. - 31,000.00 $840,630.54 OFFICERS John Hartung, Pres’t. Frank Shanley, W. Cashier. Otto Storm, As DIRECTOR John Hartung, Frank Shanley, Samu Edgar J. Hart XmasSuggestions What could be better than a nice Fern. Have you seen our new "Roosevelt" fern? Its a hummer. Everybody will want one and why not get one for Xmas. We also have a fine line of the popular Boston Fern, Whitmanii, Holly Fern, Maiden Haia and others, "Xmas Trees." Redwood Wreaths, Holly, Etc. Our new catalogue is ready for mailing. Drop us a card. It is yours for the asking. Order early and get the best. Orange Co. Ornamental Nursery T. D. Robertson, Prop. Phone, Sunset 185R, Fullerton, Cal We deliver to all parts of Anaheim WHY Don't You Buy the Best? In the Justice's Court of Anaheim Township, County of Orange, State of California, J. S. Howard, Justice. A. E. Schumacher, W. P. Quarton and O. Renner, doing business under the firm name and style of Schumacher, Quarton & Renner, Plaintiffs. Frank Gillespy, Defendant. SUMMONS The People of the State of California send Greeting to Frank Gillespy, Defendant. You are hereby directed to appear in an action brought against you by the above named plaintiff in the Justice's Court of Anaheim Township, Orange County, State of California, and to answer before the Justice at his office in said Township, the complaint filed therein, within five days (exclusive of day of service) after the service on you of this Summons, if served within the Township in which the action is brought or if served out of township but within said County, within ten days, or within twenty days if served elsewhere. And you are hereby notified that unless you so appear and answer said complaint as above required, said plaintiff will cause your default to be entered and take judgment for any money or damages de manded in the complaint, as arising upon contract, or will apply to the Court for the relief demanded in the complaint, together with the cost of suit. Given under my hand this 20th day of July, 1911. J. S. HOWARD, Justice of the Peace of Anaheim Township 11-9-9 County of Orange, State of California. Notice to Contractors WHY Don’t You Buy the Best? We carry in stock at all times nearly every make of Standard Whiskies, Wines, Brandies, Gins and Beers. Remember we are headquarters for the famous Cordova Wines and Brandies. SWOPE BROS. California Wine Company ANAHEIM. CAL, Eva Lyons Smith TEACHER OF PIANO Cor. Center & Claudina Sts. Over Duckworth's Store Tuffree & Olmstead do horse cliping anywhere in the county at reasonable rates.—F. B. Tuffree. Notice to Contractors The Board of Trustees of the Anaheim Union High School invite bids for painting the administration building; the work to be done according to the plans and specifications on file in the office of the Secretary of said Board. Room 4, Odd Fellows Building, Anaheim, California, and all bids to be submitted on or before noon of the 15th day of December, 1911, to the said Secretary at said office. Check, certified, for five per cent of the amount of bid to accompany all bids. Board of Trustees of Anaheim Union High School, per F.C. SPENCER, Secretrary. NOTICE OF ASSESSMENT Anaheim Union Water Company Location of Principal Place of Business, Anaheim, Orange County, California. Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the directors, held on the 2nd day of December, 1911, an assessment of two dollars per share was levied upon the capital stock of the corporation, payable on or before January 4, 1912, to the Secretary of the corporation, at the office of the corporation, on East Center Street, Anaheim, California. Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain unpaid on the 5th day of January, 1912, will be delinquent and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment is made before, will be sold on Friday, the 26th day of January, 1912, to pay delinquent assessment, together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale. Secretary Anaheim Union Water Company. Location of office, East Center Street, Anaheim, California. F. C. SPENCER ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Notary Public Odd Fellows' Block, Center Stree Anaheim, Cal- Choice table clarets and white wines. Local and Northern. The best at Rust's Winery. er of the Currency (Condensed) of the Condition of NATIONAL BANK ANAHEIM Business December 5, 1911 LIABILITIES Capital Stock $50,000.00 Surplus and Undivided Profits 58,068.18 Circulation 49,995.00 Deposits 682,567.36 Surplus and Undivided Profits - - - 58,068.18 Circulation - - 49,995.00 Deposits - - 682,567.36 $840,630.54 OFFICERS— Mark Shanley, Vice Pres't. Edgar J. Hartung Storm, Assistant Cashier DIRECTORS— Haley, Samuel Kraemer, A. S. Bradford, Edgar J. Hartung In the New Home You want the best when starting in the new home. Above all, you want that home to be snug and warm and comfortable. You are sure of warmth and comfort with a Perfection Smokeless Oil Heater. In the New Home You want the best when starting in the new home. Above all, you want that home to be snug and warm and comfortable. You are sure of warmth and comfort with a Perfection Smokeless Oil Heater. The Perfection is the best and most reliable heater made. It is a sort of portable fireplace. It is ready night and day. Just strike a match and light the wick. The Perfection is all aglow in a minute. The Perfection Oil Heater does not smell nor smoke—a patent automatic device prevents that. It can be carried easily from room to room and is equally suitable for any room in the house. Handsomely finished, with nickel trimmings; drums of either turquoise-blue enamel or plain steel. PERFECTION SMOKELESS OIL HEATER Ask your dealer to show you a Perfection Smokeless Oil Heater, or write for descriptive circular direct to any agency of Standard Oil Company (Incorporated) AnaheimSanitarium Cor. Chartres and Hermine Sts. For the care of patients suffering from non-contagious diseases. School for nurses. Board of Directors S. Kraemer, President W. M. Wickett, Vice Pres't C.E. Holcomb, Secy-Treas J. L Beebe H. A. Johnston Medical and Surgical Staff Dr. H. A. Johnston Dr. J. L Beebe Dr. C. W. Harvey Dr. J. W. Utter Phone Main 1646 MISS. A. SLINGSLY, Supt.