anaheim-gazette 1911-06-01

DISPOSING OF SEWAGE A Review of Some Available Methods of Sewage Treatment for California The sewage treatment problem is by no means a simple one. The purification of domestic wastes only, offers the least difficulty; the treatment of mixed wastes (domestic, trade and street) may occasionally present features of utmost difficulty. Each case is more or less completely a law unto itself. It is folly to suppose, as is so often done, that because town X can dispose of its sewage successfully in some certain fashion, town Y can adopt the same method with a certainty of securing equally satisfactory results. As will be shown forthwith, sewages differ widely in character and composition, not only as between towns, but in a given town as between seasons, days of the week and even hours of the day. The only rational method of attacking the sewage treatment problem for a community wherein sewers are already in operation is to carefully determine the regimen of sewage flow by measurement and its character by analytical methods. For towns projecting sewerage and sewage disposal works comparisons must be made with other towns having quite similar conditions. There can be no question but that specially trained and experienced sanitary engineers are needed for the design of the more refined and effective works for sewage treatment. The whole subject of sewage disposal is worthy of and demands careful study. With the exception of a comparatively few places where sewage farming or broad irrigation of sewage has been introduced, writes Charles Gilman Hyde in a bulletin issued by the State Board of Health, almost the only type of sewage purification works to be found in California today are septic tanks, so-called, fully "fifty-seven varieties" in all, differing as to shape, relative size, etc. ring certain hours of the day, predominate over all other wastes, changing the character of the sewage very materially. It must be clear, from a consideration of the action and inter-action of these principal governing factors, that the character of sewage must be very different in different communities, and in a given community at different seasons of the year, different days of the week, and even different times during the day. A recognition and determination of these differences is essential to success in a sewage treatment problem. The analytical determination of the character of sewages requires training, experience and equipment. Such work should be done by the State Board of Health for all communities—at any rate, for all towns and cities except, perhaps, the largest, which may happen to be provided with their own properly equipped laboratories and trained analysts. It is a striking fact that practically no sewage analyses have been made in California, and virtually nothing is known with respect to the character and composition of the sewages of our municipalities or of the sanitary efficiency of our treatment works. Except for those cities and towns situated upon the coast or upon great tidal bodies of water, such as San Francisco Bay, the opportunity for disposal of sewage by dilution is generally lacking in California. Few of our river systems, except perhaps the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, yield a sufficiently large and constant discharge to permit of disposing any considerable quantities of sewage therein without creating a nuisance. Experience elsewhere has demonstrated rather definitely that a nuisance will surely be caused if sewage is diluted with less than about twenty volumes of water, while from forty to fifty volumes may in some cases be necessary to certainly prevent a nuisance. Of course, these values refer to low flow, if not to minimum flow, conditions in streams. In the January issue of the Bulletin, Mr. Griswold has discussed the action of self-purification in streams and has presented an outline of the conditions which determine the extent and is apparent today many failures, and the process has been completed among laymen of septic tanks for drinking purposes; purities of the sewage thereby. During years the writer has inquiries regarding this statement. The septic tank is likely aimed at the rural It is by no means as much as the effluent variably somewhat tremely putrescible stable dissolved organic matter. A review of the results of operation of the Cameron type justify the following conclusions: 1. The average pended solids from by the most successful dry between thirty-fifth per cent, averaging sixty per cent. At gas formation they may contain a large pended matter than waste. As the sludge the tank the condition as respects turbidity matter, is apt to be less satisfactory. 2. In some tanks and liquefaction oke keeps pace with thelation, so that a few years may elapse in cleanings. In many tanks require frequent from two to twelve The volume of sludge liquefied and gassified to ordinarily vary by sixty per cent. The certainly not over for tic sludge is normal than the sludge fromtration or chemical process. 3. The period of tanks must be cared for conditions. Weak s require a shorter storage strong sewages. With the exception of a comparatively few places where sewage farming or broad irrigation of sewage has been introduced, writes Charles Gilman Hyde in a bulletin issued by the State Board of Health, almost the only type of sewage purification works to be found in California today are septic tanks, so-called, fully "fifty-seven varieties" in all, differing as to shape, relative size, etc. Many of these are operating very differently well and some very badly indeed. The general situation shows plainly the need of expert advice to municipalities with respect to general methods and necessary efficiencies from some central advisory authority. To every student of this matter it is clear that this body should be the State Board of Health, which should be furnished with ample funds to develop and maintain a corps of trained and capable sanitary engineers. This has been done with the greatest success and efficiency in Massachusetts for more than twenty years, in Ohio for ten years, and in other states, such as New York and Pennsylvania, during shorter periods of time. It is the purpose of the present article to outline in brief and untechnical terms some of the most available rational processes of sewage treatment adapted and adaptable to California conditions. It is especially hoped to show that there are available processes of treatment of sewage other than by the septic tank, which has been very much over-exploited in this section. Features of design and construction, being peculiarly engineering problems, will not be discussed in detail. A fundamental characteristic of sewage, and one which bears immediately upon the sewage treatment problem, is that it consists of two very definite and distinct parts, namely, a conveying liquid and suspended solids. Sewage is the water supply of the community—except that portion used on lawns, gardens, etc., and which does not reach the sewers—conveying foecal, bath, kitchen, laundry, industrial street, and other wastes. The conveying liquid is usually rich in dissolved organic matter, most of which is readily decomposable or putrescible and extremely high in its content of bacteria. The sludge is more resistant in composition, but extremely rich in organic matter, very putrescible and high in its content of bacteria. At the usual velocities obtaining in sewers the solids are kept in suspension, but when the velocity is checked and reduced to a very slow forward motion, as in precipitation basins, septic tanks, etc., these suspended solids tend to settle from the sewage, forming a sludge, and leaving a supernatant, milky, fairly turbid liquid. In this liquid are colloidal substances, on the border-line between solution and suspension, which will not settle until changed in character. Experience elsewhere has demonstrated rather definitely that a nuisance will surely be caused if sewage is diluted with less than about twenty volumes of water, while from forty to fifty volumes may in some cases be necessary to certainly prevent a nuisance. Of course, these values refer to low flow, if not to minimum flow, conditions in streams. In the January issue of the Bulletin, Mr. Griswold has discussed the action of self-purification in streams and has presented an outline of the conditions which determine the extent and efficiency of this action. The conditions which may define the term "nuisance" in connection with river pollution are: The formation of deposits of sludge on the banks and in the beds of the streams, the production of turbidity, milkiness, oiliness and discoloration of the water; the formation of gases of decomposition, principally sulphuretted hydrogen, causing very bad odors; the formation from sludge of masses of scum which float upon the water, due to the bubbles of gas contained; the destruction of fish, etc. But the problem of disposal by dilution is far broader than the mere question of whether, on the one hand, a nuisance will be caused or, on the other, the self-purifying power of the stream will be sufficient to maintain its sightliness and aesthetic character. Of far greater importance are the questions of adaptability to water supply and industrial purposes,the promotion and conservation of the health of residents in the vicinity, and the possibility of indulging in water sports, etc., without undue danger. The rivers of California are of pricedess value to the State and its people and should not be made to serve as sewers for the removal of the wastes of an ever-increasing population. The laws of the State of California with respect to the control of the purity of inland waters are very sweeping. They represent the ideal to which the future must, if possible, attain. At the present time the State Board of Health does not have the authority, the machinery or the funds required to put these laws into effect, or to even undertake a systematic program looking to ultimate control. CAMERON TYPE SEPTIC TANKS The characteristic processes involved in the action of septic tanks are not at all different from those which have for a long time been relied upon in connection with the disposal of sewage in leaching cesspools, although perhaps without recognition and study until the development of the septic tank called attention to them and offered an explanation for the well-known fact that the sludge from domestic wastes accumulated very slowly, if at all, in such chambers. As a definite treatment, adapted to municipal sewages, the septic process dates back some sixteen years. It was then exploited by Donald Cameron of Exeter, England, who achieved remarkable success in the anyears may elapse cleanings. In many tanks require frequent from two to twelve years. The volume of sludge liquefied and gassified to ordinarily vary by sixty per cent. The certainty not over for tectic sludge is normal than the sludge frontation or chemical preduction of the sewage or comparatively strained to the tank, is also or. The gross capacity tanks which have been well designed and wetted with more or less been equivalent to forty-eight hours of operation than twenty-four hours than twelve hours with weak or stale units are very difficult that the storage period controlled to give optimum. As compared with sewage the septic ecology that resulting from rage in the tank is difficult to oxidize in sewage treatment trickling filter, contempt sand filter or. The septic process seems to afford an efficient destruction of pathogens permit of the conclusive effluents are only less crude sewage to the efficiency of removal owing to details of de sections of the State summer temperatures set design are based on this paper. Federal patents on process have been gained by Cameron Septic Tank all cities towns,and United States we structured septic tanks ed of infringement with suits. LIFE SHORTENE Scientific Investigation the Truth of th Adage Modern science has nothing more curious than that worry will more resistant in composition, but extremely rich in organic matter, very putrescible and high in its content of bacteria. At the usual velocities obtaining in sewers the solids are kept in suspension, but when the velocity is checked and reduced to a very slow forward motion, as in precipitation basins, septic tanks, etc., these suspended solids tend to settle from the sewage, forming a sludge, and leaving a supernatant, milky, fairly turbid liquid. In this liquid are colloidal substances, on the border-line between solution and suspension, which will not settle until changed in character. Messrs. Kinnicutt, Winslow, and Pratt have very clearly exhibited in tabular form the general character of the sewage of an American residential town as respects solid matter, as follows: Solid matter, 200-800 parts per million—Inoffensive, mineral, 50 per cent—In solution, 75 per cent; in suspension, 25 per cent. Solid matter, 200-800 parts per million—Offensive, vegetable and animal, 50 per cent—In solution, 60 per cent; in suspension, 40 per cent. All sewages are very unstable, and their composition at any time is determined not merely by the character of the initial fresh, raw product, but also by the extent of the changes which have been wrought therein, mainly by the action of bacteria but partly by chemical action. Due to these changes, which arise or set about as soon as sewage is received into the sewers, it is to be remembered that the distance and rate of travel may become important factors determining the state of a sewage when it arrives at the disposal works and defining the optimum period of storage in septic tanks, etc. The character of a municipal sewage varies with the habits of the people as respects the use and waste of water, with climatic conditions, and with the amount and character of the trade and industrial wastes, with the infiltration of ground-water, etc. In some communities the wastes from a single large industry, such as a creamery, tannery, brewery, strawboard factory, wool scouring shop,dyeing and cleaning works, etc., may, du... ANAHEIM GAZETTE is apparent today when, in view of many failures, an actual distrust of the process has been brought about. The statement has been widely circulated among laymen that the effluent of septic tanks is quite suitable for drinking purposes, all of the impurities of the sewage being removed thereby. During the past few years the writer has received many inquiries regarding the truth of this statement. The septic tank process is primarily aimed at the removal of sludge. It is by no means a final process, inasmuch as the effluent is almost invariably somewhat turbid, always extremely putrescible and rich in unstable dissolved organic matter. A review of the principles and results of operation of the septic tank of the Cameron type would appear to justify the following more important conclusions: 1. The average removal of suspended solids from the raw sewage by the most successful tanks may vary between thirty-five and eighty-five per cent, averaging perhaps fifty to sixty per cent. At times of active gas formation the septic effluent may contain a larger amount of suspended matter than the entering sewage. As the sludge accumulates in the tank the condition of the effluent, as respects turbidity and suspended matter, is apt to gradually become less satisfactory. 2. In some tanks the gassification and liquefaction of sludge almost keeps pace with the rate of accumulation, so that a period of several years may elapse between enforced cleanings. In many other cases the tanks require frequent cleaning, say from two to twelve times per year. The volume of sludge digested, i.e., liquefied and gassified, would seem to ordinarily vary between ten and sixty per cent. The average value is certainly not over forty per cent.Septic sludge is normally less offensive than the sludge from plain sedimentation or chemical precipitation tanks. 3. The period of storage in septic tanks must be carefully adjusted to conditions. Weak sewages seem to require a shorter storage period than strong sewages. Moreover, the con- Unexpected Guests The farmer and his wife were about to sit down to a cold supper when they saw some old friends driving towards the house. The good wife was equal to the occasion—thanks to her New Perfection Oil Cook-stove. She had it lit in a moment, and her guests hardly were seated on the porch before a hearty hot meal was ready for the table—a sausages and eggs and long rashers of streaky bacon, and rolls just crisped in the oven and fresh coffee—and the hostess herself as cool and neat as if she had not been near the kitchen. She never could have managed it with an old-fashioned range. The New Perfection is the quickest, most convenient and best cooker on the market. New Perfection Oil Cook-stove Made with 1, 2 and 3 burners, with long, spurious blue enameled chimneys. Handmade finished throughout. The 2- and 3-burner stoves can be had with or without a cabinet top, which is fitted with drop shelves, towel racks, etc. Deals everywhere; or write for descriptive circular to the nearest agency of the Standard Oil Company (Incorporated) Tungsten Lamps 220 West Center Street J. JANSS, M. D. Physician & Surgeon 523 W. Center St. Anaheim New Perfection Oil Cook-stove Tungsten Lamps 220 West Center Street GENE ADAMS The Best Cuts of MEAT Can be had here any time. We don't reserve them for a favored few and compel the others to take what is left. First come is first served in this market. We believe in giving everybody a square deal. Also in selling the very best meat we can get hold of at the prices possible. Try us with an order. CITY MARKET F. W. FLEISCHMANN, Prop. Odd Fellow's Bldg., Center street Phone: Pacific 201 Commercial Hotel FIRST-CLASS DINING ROOM AND BAR Handsomely Furnished Rooms Everything neat and clean A home for the Traveling Public A trial will convince. JOHN ZIEGLER, Manager Anaheim Bakery Peter Syre, prop. Fresh Bread Cakes and Pies Confectionery, Etc. Wedding Cakes a Specialty Los Angeles and Express Sts. Business College Open all summer. Enter any time. Special course in Grade work, beginning July 5. A year in public school may be saved by spending July and Aug with the Standard Oil Company (Incorporated) J. JANSS, M. D. Physician & Surgeon 523 W. Center St. Anaheim Office Hours, from 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 p.m. Both Phones W. Harold Wickett, M.D. Res. Phones, Main 8X3, Home 863. Herbert A. Johnston, M.D. Res. Phones, Main 82, Home 862. Drs. Johnston & Wickett Office Hours, 11-12, 2-4, 7-8 Office Phones, Main 81, Home 861. Offices, 310 S. Los Angeles Street. J. L. BEEBE, M. D PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. Office and res. cor. Center and Palm Sts Office hours: 2 to 4, 7 to 8 p.m. Both Phones. ANAHEIM, CAL Residence Phone Main 42 Office Phones Main 1141-Home 1401 DR. JOHN H. BOEGE DENTIST Office, Mullinix Building HOURS 8:30 to 11:30 a.m. 1:30 to 5:00 p.m. Evenings Bv Appointmen RICHARD MELROSE ATTORNEY-AT-LAW and NOTARY PUBLIC Office Center 8t Special attention given to Probate Matters ANAHEIM H. V. Weisel Roger C. Dutton WEISEL & DUTTON Attorneys and Counselors at Law SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN PROBATE MATTERS German Language Spoken Notary Public 2d Floor Mullinix bldg Pacific Phone 1106 Anaheim, Calif. F. C. SPENCER ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Notary Public Odd Fellows' Block, Center Street Anaheim, Cal. Finest of Wines, Liquors and Tigars, at Roman Wasser's LIFE SHORTENED BY WORRY Scientific Investigation Has Proved the Truth of the Ancient Adage Modern science has brought to light nothing more curiously interesting than that worry will kill. More remarkable still, it has been able to determine from recent discoveries just how worry does kill. It is believed by many scientists who haave followed carefully the growth of the science of brain diseases that scores of the deaths set down to other causes are due to worr and that aalone. The theory is a simple one—so simple that anyone can readily understand it. Briefly put, it amounts to this: Worry injures beyond repair certain cells of the brain, and the brain being the nutritive center of the body, the other organs become gradually injured, and when some disease of these organs or a combination of them arises death finally ensues. Thus worry kills. Insidiously, like many other diseases, it creeps upon the brain in the form of a single, constant, never-lost idea, and as a dropping of water over a period of years will wear a groove in the stone, so does worry gradually, imperceptibly and no less surely destroy the brain cells that lead all the rest, which are, so to speak, the commanding officers of mental power, health and motion. It is as if the skull were laid bare and the surface of the brain struck lightly with a hammer every few seconds with a mechanical precision, with never a sign of a stop or the failure of a stroke. Just in this way does the annoying idea, the maddening thought that will not be done away with, strike or fall upon certain nerve cells, never ceasing, diminishing the vitality of the delicate organisms that are so minute that they can be seen only under the microscope. W.J.LANDRUM PIANO TUNER EASTERN FACTORY EXPERIENCE Leave Orders with Jos. Helmsen JOSEPH BACKS, Undertaker and Embalmer Furniture, Bedding. Repairing done Phones Pacific M93, Home 1062. MONEY can be borrowed on more favorable terms from the SAVINGS, LOAN and BUILDING ASSOCIATION OF ANAHEIM than from any similar institution in the State A Home Institution... conducted by home men If you want to borrow money at a low rate to pay off your present mortgage, or to build a home or to improve your present one address or call on Fred A. Backs, Jr Secretary Anaheim F.C. SPENCER ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Notary Public Odd Fellows' Block, Center Street Anaheim, Cal. Finest of Wines. Liquors and Cigars. at Roman Wisser's Favorite - Saloon Schlitz Beer on Draught ANAHEIM Cigar Factory ARNOLD & SON, Props. West Center St., Anaheim. Manufacturers of The Anaheim Eagle and Rosebud Cigars. We make a Specialty of Private Box Trade. OLIVER HILL City Livery Stables Fashionable Outfits at Reasonable Rates. F. BACKS Undertaker Dealer in Furniture, Wall Paper Cornices, Window Shades, Picture Frames Upholstery Goods, Paints, Oils, and Glass Sewing Machine Supplies Corner Los Angeles and Charres St Lawn Mowers, Rubber Hose, and Garden Tools AT DICKEL'S SEE THE Clarinda Lawn Mower The Best on Earth. Satisfaction Absolutely Guaranteed. Commencing Apr. 1, 1911 The price of "Anaheim Bottled Beer" will be as follows: ONE DOZ. LARGE $1.40 ONE DOZ. SMALL $1.00 BOTTLES RETURNED One Dozen Large 40 Cents One Dozen Small 30 Cents Commencing Apr. 1, 1911 The price of "Anaheim Bottled Beer" will be as follows: ONE DOZ. LARGE $1.40 ONE DOZ. SMALL $1.00 BOTTLES RETURNED One Dozen Large 40 Cents One Dozen Small 30 Cents Union Brewing Co, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA Announcement The Angell & Redit Machine Co. wish to announce they have secured the agency for the entire line of "Aeromoter Engines and Windmills" for Anaheim and vicinity. All new machines in these lines, also repairs for same, can be secured through us at our new machine shop, at 220 West Center Street, Anaheim. Angell & Redit Machine Co. Straws Show Which Way the Wind Blows. More than twelve hundred applicants took the Civil Service Examination for Railway Mail Clark in the Eighth Civil Service District on December 11, 1910. We had only two boys preparing for the work. One of them, A. A. Morgan, spent only six weeks on the work and ranked Thirteenth from the highest in grade. Sam Snyder ranked Twentieth. These boys both live in Redlands. Write to them. This is only a sample of the work we give in all departments. San Bernardino Business College and Business Institute. San Bernardino Business College and Business Institute. BOYS AND GIRLS I WILL PAY YOUR TUITION FOR A COMPLETE BUSINESS COLLEGE COURSE IF YOU WILL DO A LITTLE WORK IN EXCHANGE. WRITE FOR MY PLAN. IT IS FREE C. A. NARRAMORE, P. O. Box 521, SAN BERNARDINO, CALIF. PALACE MARKET WM. H. F. SCHUMACHER, Prop. DEALERS IN Choice Fresh and Salted Meats Exclusive Agents for Clover Glen Creamery Butter. Telephone Main 51. Meats Delivered to All Parts of the City KELLEY & CO. Manufacturers of CEMENT IRRIGATING PIPE All Work Guaranteed Pipe Yards Located at Brookshurst, Cal. WANTED Santa Fe Railway Company wants young men to learn telegraphy at their Telegraph School, Los Angeles. Positions as telegraph operators guaranteed. All Santa Fe main wires. Write for catalogue.