anaheim-gazette 1909-06-24

GRASSHOPPER IMMIGRANTS TIME TO STOP COMING OF UNDESIRABLES America Becoming Dumping Ground for Surplus People of All Countries —Vast Amount Carried Away By Homeward-bound Allens —Startling [Contributed to The Gazette] America is the land of opportunity and as well the land of hospitality. The illimitable advantages of a representative and popular government, joined with an attitude of arms wide-stretched in welcome to the world, have sprinkled thick with the native American the foreign emigrant in every State of the Union, and in a half dozen States and in more than twenty cities have given a clear majority to the outsider. Nor has it been any half-hearted hospitality nor any restricted citizenship to which this republic of the free has bidden the peoples of the Old World. The best that we have had has always been as free to the newcomer as to our own, in proportion to perseverance in pursuit and the capacity to possess. The records of New York City are written thick with official signatures rich in suggestion of other lands. Chicago and the great cities of the West and the South have been more than fair in racial division of official honors, State after State has spelled in its chief executive the impress which Germany and Ireland, and the Scandinavian races have made upon our national confidence and respect. But the time has come, or appears to be at hand, when historic hospitality must draw and know its limitations. Four-fifths of last year's influx came from southeast Europe and western Asia (less than one-twentieth of whom had ever been here before); two-thirds were single male adults; one-fourth of the adults could not read and write; and three-fourths settled in the over-crowded labor centers of six northeastern states, owing largely to their instinctive social fondness for congested city districts. "The very large sums of money annually sent to Europe from the United States (according to last year's reports $50,000,000 were thus sent to Austria and Hungary alone) have had a magnetic effect on some European governments, and has awakened in them the desire to multiply these shipments to the greatest extent possible. They have enacted laws with the ostensible intention of restricting emigration, but I was confronted with the spectacle of hundreds upon hundreds of agents licensed and privileged to get emigrants in direct and open violation of their own laws. It was at that time that I learned of the agreement between the Hungarian Government and the Cunard Line, by the terms of which "said government guarantees 30,000 steerage passengers per year." (Pages 3, 5, House Document No. 384, Official Report of Special Immigrant Inspector, Marcus Braun, still in the U.S. Government Service, 59th Congress, 1st session.) Mr. Adolfo Rossi, Royal Commissioner of Emigration of Italy, is reported by Herbert F. Sherwood, special correspondent of the Liberal Immigration League, who accompanied the Immigration Commission on its trip abroad two years ago, to have said, in speaking of the recent emigration from Italy to the United States: This large immigration hasly the warning ebb of a still greater flood tide. EUCALYPTIC CONDITIONS SUCCESS Requires Ridiculous nature to limit growth are too soll. Elevation part, but only it produces Considering range of an could be many bands circling the equator. Vation the zone regarded as allel to the northward thither to the broad they in turn Ascending through the digger pine, and finally transfers to a treet when the tee constant fact flora of any by the quantity sections receive throughout the festation of differences in rainfall appear gradations from technically valuable country to the coast redwood. Temperature The home stralia and and the great cities of the West and the South have been more than fair in racial division of official honors, State after State has spelled in its chief executive the impress which Germany and Ireland, and the Scandinavian races have made upon our national confidence and respect. But the time has come, or appears to be at hand, when historic hospitality must draw and know its limitations. When hospitality is abused it must also be abridged—and the blood of many races mingled in this composite republic must rebel against the unworthy and the ungrateful who seek our shores for a selfish looting and a swift exit with quick gotten gains. From the testimony of experts before the Industrial Commission some startling facts have just been stated upon the floor of the national Congress. It is declared from statistics that comparatively few European immigrants go to South America, Africa, Canada or Australia, but that existing laws America is becoming the dumping ground for the surplus population of every foreign land. It is stated that within the past ten years passing immigrants to this country have carried back to the countries from which they came nearly one thousand million dollars. It is stated from the records that during the last year of panic and depression, when money was scarcer than hen's teeth and everybody was blue as indigo, there left the country 764,000 aliens, taking with them an enormous sum of money estimated at from $200,000,000 to $500,000,000. There is neither genius nor generosity in perpetuating or permitting an immigration like that. Men and women who come here to play a man's part or a woman's part in our national life—to enrich our industries with honest thrift and our civic life with enduring citizenship—should be welcome to the end of time. But the wisdom, justice and necessity of our American statesmans should be equal to some legislators to discourage or discontinue these tramp immigrants who come like the grasshopper and the locust to eat up our green fields of glorious opportunity, and then in the first aid season to skip away with full fines to some far country from which they came, carrying our privileges as PRODUCTION OF COPPER Report by the United States Geological Survey A statement showing the production of copper in 1908, prepared by Butler, has just been given by the United States Geological Survey. The production of copper in the United States in 1908 was 942,570.71 lbs. This is the largest production ever made, exceeding that of 1906 by 24,765,039 pounds and that of 1907 by 73,574,230 pounds, or 8.4 per cent. The production of refined copper, now of domestic origin in 1908 was 87,349,129 pounds an increase of 91,-577,702 pounds, or 11.6 per cent., over the production of 1907. The total output of refined copper, exclusive of domestic scrap, etc., by domestic refineries in 1908 was 1,094,-700,123 pounds. The 1908 figures for domestic electrolytic include 26,786,485 pounds Lake copper which were refined electrolytically; those for 1907 contain 34.9 7,988 pounds Lake copper. In addition to this production of refined copper, 9,705,103 pounds (of which 2,551,077 pounds were electrolytic and 7,154,026 pounds were casting) were recovered during the year regular copper-refining companies of the country from domestic scrap, drosses, etc., and returns from practically all the known refiners of secondary material indicate that 13,508,-574 pounds were turned out by them as casting copper and in alloys. Returns from all smelting and refining companies show that the fol- But the wisdom, justice and necessity of our American statesmen should be equal to some legal to discourage or discontinue these tramp immigrants who come like the grasshopper and the locust eat up our green fields of glorious opportunity, and then in the first world season to skip away with full fines to some far country from which they came, carrying our privileges as spoils to enrich some land that knows neither reciprocity nor exchange. It is unjust to American workmen born under our flag or pledged to its fortunes. It is an injustice to our industries to entertain these passing and irresponsible competitors with the solid and enduring body of our own industrial life. We protect our honest tollers with a tariff that is supposed to guard their interests against unequal conditions on the other side. But what is the consistency in a tariff for the sake of American industry if the peripatetic tramps of all countries can come without let or hindrance or tax to prosper upon our marvelous opportunities, and then scamper away in a single panic year with half enough American money in their wallets to pay the national debt? During the past five years, 5,429,986 aliens have entered, and 2,219,521 aliens have left the United States according to page 228 of the 1908 Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration. Total alien arrivals for April, 1908, 138,382—1. e., at the rate of 1,660,584 per year, or 122,115 more than for 1907—the banner year in our immigration history (1,438,469 aliens)—demonstrating that last year's slump (924,695) was mere- Refined copper, 9,705,103 pounds (of which 2,551,077 pounds were electrolyte and 7,154,026 pounds were casting) were recovered during the year regular copper-refining companies of the country from domestic scrap, drosses, etc., and returns from practically all the known refiners of secondary material indicate that 13,508,-574 pounds were turned out by them as casting copper and in alloys. Returns from all smelting and refining companies show that the following stocks of electrolytic Lake, and casting copper were on hand at the beginning and end of the year: January 1, 1908, 125,745,796. January 1, 1909, 121,876,759. Stocks decreased during 1908, 3,-869,037. Undellivered sales are excluded from these figures. Stocks carried by consumers and brokers have not been ascertained. In addition to the stocks of refined copper there were at the smelters, in transit to refineries, and at the refineries blister copper and material in process of refining to the amount of 175,254,659 pounds on January 1, 1908, and 234,013,843 pounds January 1, 1909. The apparent consumption of refined new copper in the United States in 1908 was about 480,000,000 pounds. A more comprehensive report on the copper industry in 1908 is in preparation and will soon be published by the Geological Survey as a part of a general review of the industries of gold, silver, lead, zinc and copper. The preliminary statement presented herewith is brought out in advance of this in answer to a demand for official figures at the earliest possible date, covering the two most important statistical features of the industry, viz., production and consumption. ANAHEIM GAZETTE EUCALYPTUS IN CALIFORNIA CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR SUCCESSFUL GROWTH Requires Rich Soil, Plenty of Moisture, Freedom from Frost—Expert Advice to Prospective Planters The principal agencies employed by nature to limit the extension of plant growth are temperature, moisture and soil. Elevation plays an important part, but only to that degree in which it produces changes in temperature. Considering temperature alone, the range of any species of plant life could be made to appear as broad bands circling the globe parallel to the equator. If it is a matter of elevation the zones of plant life may be regarded as great belts running parallel to the sea level and changing in character until the line of perpetual snow is reached. As one goes northward the tropical trees give way to the broad leaf deciduous trees and they in turn to the pines and firs. Ascending the Sierras one passes through the successive belts of oak, digger pine, yellow and sugar pine, and finally through the alpine conifers to a treeless region. Then again when the temperature and soil are constant factors, the character of the flora of any given region is modified by the quantity of moisture different sections receive and its distribution throughout the year. A striking manifestation of the variations caused by differences in the amount of annual rainfall appears in this state in the gradations from the sparse and practically valueless growth of the Mojave country to the dense forests of the coast redwood belt. Temperature Requirements The home of the eucalypt is in Australia and Tasmania; tropical and subtropical streams occasionally raises the lake level to such a degree that thousands of acres are submerged. When the lake subsides to its former level the water table sinks with it, but in the soil it remains slightly above the lake level, the depth to which it falls depending on the nature of the soil and the surface elevation. The position of the water table at any time can be ascertained by making borings or sinking a well. In this way the fluctuations in the level of the water table can be seen in the changing depth of water from season to season and during any given season. Especially favorable conditions for tree growth may be said to exist when the water table lies from five to eight feet from the surface. A water level too close to the surface is almost as grave an obstacle to rapid tree growth as one too low, for it compels the development of a surface root system, thus rendering the trees liable to being overturned by wind. When the soil and the temperature factors are correct, ideal growing conditions can be produced by irrigation, for by this means the proper amount of water can be supplied at the time it is most needed. Irrigated land in California, however, is very valuable property, especially if it is in the region where citrus crops can be produced. The owner or prospective purchaser of such land should consider well the initial cost and the possible returns before arranging to tie up his investment for fifteen to thirty years. The Ideal Soils. Hard Pan The ideal soil for the eucalypts and in fact for nearly every growing crop, is a rich, deep, sandy loam. With the proper amount of water and the correct degree of temperature a greater volume of wood can be produced than under any other conditions. If this ideal is deviated from, the rate of production will diminish. It goes had to these questions, expert advice should be obtained. Less Favorable Situations The general purpose of this discussion has been to indicate the conditions under which the eucalypts would make the greatest volume growth. The reader has been left to infer that the rate of growth would be less in proportion to the deviation from the ideal situation. It must not be understood that planting is not advised on the poorer grades of land. It may be possible that a greater turn in relation to the investment could be had from planting on some of the poorer grades of soil. As is very evident, the whole matter of the problemlessness of the investment goes back to the proportion between the cost of the business and the return from it. Without question there are thousands of acres of land in the State at present largely non-productive which could be profitably devoted to growing of eucalyptus timber. The return by comparison with the better site would be small and the period while the material would be marketable would be long deferred, mattershow ever, of little moment if the land was thus put to its highest use. The rancher who wishes material for home use or who has a tract of land otherwise useless, which can be put to the growing of eucalyptus, is likely concerned about the ideal planting site. He will plant anyway. With it is a matter of the choice of specimen and care of the plantation. Here an observation discloses that there is, in the aggregate, a large area of land in the possession of small ranchers which should, for its benefit, be devoted to growing eucalyptus. The planting of eucalyptus for shorter belts has been the most characteristic use of the tree. The general appearance of whole sections has been changed by employing it for this purpose. by the quantity of moisture different sections receive and its distribution throughout the year. A striking manifestation of the variations caused by differences in the amount of annual rainfall appears in this state in the gradations from the sparse and practically valueless growth of the Mojave country to the dense forests of the coast redwood belt. Temperature Requirements The home of the eucalypt is in Australia and Tasmania, tropical and semi-tropical regions. Taking the eucalyptus family as a whole, the best and most rapid growth is made in those regions in which the soil is rich, moisture plentiful and frost unknown. Here some species attain dimensions second only to the giant redwoods of California. Going from this ideal situation the growth rate diminishes and species change, until at the limits of the range of the genus, stunted, chapparal-like species alone survive. Considering the requirements of the rapid growing timber eucalypts, then, it is to be expected that they will demand similar conditions in order to make like growth when transplanted to other situations. That the trees do make this demand of new sites is amply proved by the experience of the past forty-five years in this state. To the best of our present knowledge, not one of the important timber species is making satisfactory growth where the temperature falls below twenty degrees Fahrenheit for any considerable period. This at once limits the eucalyptus areas in the State to the Sacramento Valley south of Red Bluff, the San Joaquin, the San Gabriel and coastal valleys and parts of the region on the ocean side of the Coast Range running in a thin belt to the northern limits of the State. The Demands for Moisture The area thus outlined, however, is not all suited to the growing of eucalypt timber. On the contrary, in a large part of it the supply of moisture is inadequate for satisfactory results and in still other parts the soil is not fitted to tree growth. Many of the eucalypts can live from year to year on a small amount of moisture. For rapid development, however, in common with all quick growing plants, they require a large amount of water supplied throughout the year. In a fairly retentive soil, if the temperature is right, they will do well with a precipitation of twenty-five inches before arranging to tie up his investment for fifteen to thirty years. The Ideal Soils. Hard Pan The ideal soil for the eucalypts and in fact for nearly every growing crop, is a rich, deep, sandy loam. With the proper amount of water and the correct degree of temperature a greater volume of wood can be produced than under any other conditions. If this ideal is deviated from, the rate of production will diminish. It goes without saying that land with such soil in this State is a very valuable asset. Whether any considerable amount of it can properly be devoted to the growth of eucalypt timber is very problematical. Soils which are apparently well adapted to growing the eucalypts sometimes conceal a serious obstacle to tree growth in the form of hardpan. This usually consists of a more or less impervious layer composed of rock or formed by soil cements, lying at varying distances from the surface. Where the hard pan does not permit circulation of water, which is usually the case, the water from rainfall is held above it, often rendering the soil too wet to work during the rainy season and preventing the rising of subsoil moisture during the dry season. Where irrigation is possible, hard pan lying from two to three feet from the surface is not a serious obstacle to the production of the common surface crops. Without irrigation such soils are valuable only for forage purposes. For satisfactory tree growth the hard pan should lie at least six feet below the surface and commercial planting should not be attempted under such situations unless irrigation can be practiced. Eucalyptus plantations should not be put out on shallow hard pan soil, even if irrigation is possible. Since the total amount of soil available is that lying above the hard pan, the tree will not be supplied with the proper amounts of the soil elements needed for their best development. As a result, the trees will be slow in their growth; inferior in form and height. Besides they have been forced to develop a shallow root system on account of which they are likely to be thrown by the wind. Hard pan occurs in the San Joaquin Valley above Tracy and on the east side of the San Joaquin river and Tulare lake. It is also found in certain sections of Sacramento Valley. It is estimated by the United States Forest Service that the total amount of standing timber in the State California approximates 228,480,000 board feet, of which 109,516,000 feet belong to the Federal Government, 1,580,000,000 feet belong to the State, and the remaining 117,380,000 feet are privately owned. Of the last figure given, the railroad own 5,655,000,000 feet. About sixty-five per cent of these privately owned timber, or a total of 76,000,000,000 feet is found in the Coast redwood region—a narrow stretch rarely more than thirty miles wide extending from Monterey county to Southern Oregon. Very little of this class of timber only a fraction of one per cent, but longs to the Federal Government, although it owns a considerable proportion of the total stand of bigtrees or giant Sequoia, the wood of which is very similar to that of the Coast redwood. The stand of Government timber may be roughly divided as follows: On National Forests 94,800,000,000 feet on Indian Reservations 3,500,000,000 feet; on National Parks 8,000,000,000 feet; on unreserved public land 3216,000,000 feet; or a total of 109516,000,000 board feet. The National Forests now are in practically virgin condition, where there is annual growth of timber just about offsets the annual loss by it is a matter of the choice of species and care of the plantation. Here again an observation discloses the fact that there is, in the aggregate, a large area of land in the possession of small ranchers which should, for its benefit use, be devoted to growing eucalypt. The planting of eucalypts for shorter belts has been the most characteristic use of the tree. The general appearance of whole sections has been changed by employing it for this purpose. The benefits of the eucalyptus windbreaks in the citrus belt in the lima bean section and in regions shifting sands are thoroughly appreciated. For this purpose alone, large number of trees are put out every year and through the agency for shelter belts thousands of acres of wood are contributed annually to the wealth of the State.—George W Peavy, U.S. Forest Service, in California Weekly. TIMBER RESOURCES It is estimated by the United States Forest Service that the total amount of standing timber in the State California approximates 228,480,000 board feet, of which 109516,000 feet belong to the Federal Government, 1,580,000,000 feet belong to the State, and the remaining 117,380,000 feet are privately owned. Of these last figures given, the railroad own 5,655,000,000 feet. Very little of this class of timber only a fraction of one per cent, but longs to the Federal Government, although it owns a considerable proportion of the total stand of bigtrees or giant Sequoia, the wood of which is very similar to that of the Coast redwood. The stand of Government timber may be roughly divided as follows: On National Forests 94,800,000,000 feet on Indian Reservations 3,500,000,000 feet; on National Parks 8,000,000,000 feet; on unreserved public land 3216, a large part of it the supply of moisture is inadequate for satisfactory results and in still other parts the soil is not fitted to tree growth. Many of the eucalypts can live from year to year on a small amount of moisture. For rapid development, however, in common with all quick growing plants, they require a large amount of water supplied throughout the year. In a fairly retentive soil, if the temperature is right, they will do well with a precipitation of twenty-five inches distributed over the rainy season. In the region of ocean fogs a large amount of water is supplied by condensation of this form of moisture on the leaves of the trees. During a heavy fog it is a common thing to see the soil underneath the trees as wet as though a heavy rain had fallen. The amount of water precipitated in this way very materially influences the rate of tree growth and renders situations, undesirable because of lack of soil moisture, suitable for the production of valuable timber. The influence of fog is most marked about San Francisco bay and the territory fronting the ocean as far south as Los Angeles. Still another source of moisture is that beneath the surface, the source upon which non-irrigated trees chiefly rely. The quantity of subsoil moisture varies greatly with the rainfall, the nature of the underlying rock and the opportunities for surface and subsoil drainage. The general level of the subsoil moisture is commonly called the water table. It fluctuates from year to year, depending on the amount of annual rainfall and in certain regions, upon the rate at which mountain streams supply water to the valleys. For example, in situations like the Tulare Lake region the water originating in rains and in the mounamounts of the soil elements needed for their best development. As a result, the trees will be slow in their growth; inferior in form and height. Besides they have been forced to develop a shallow root system on account of which they are likely to be thrown by the wind. Hard pan occurs in the San Joaquin Valley above Tracy and on the east side of the San Joaquin river and Tulare lake. It is also found in certain sections of Sacramento Valley and in a lesser degree in some of the coast valleys. Strong alkalis are especially harmful to tender plant growth. Certain plants will endure a quantity that would be fatal to others. The eucalyptus, as a rule, are fairly resistant. Since, however, alkali is injurious it appears to be the part of wisdom to avoid all soils which contain it in harmful quantities. The Tulare lake region in the upper San Joaquin valley is decidedly alkaline in certain sections. So also are the Salinas valley and isolated sections of the Sacramento valley. Important Considerations The prospective planter, then, in selecting a situation for his eucalyptus forest, should secure definite answers to the following questions: 1. Is the temperature within the proper range for the species it is proposed to plant? 2. Can water in sufficient quantities for satisfactory tree growth be obtained throughout the year? 3. Is the area of the proposed plantation underlaid with rock or hardpan? 4. Does the soil contain alkali in sufficient quantities to prove injurious to tree growth? If satisfactory answers cannot be redwood. The stand of Government timber may be roughly divided as follows: On National Forests 94,800,000,000 feet on Indian Reservations 3,500,000,000 feet; on National Parks 8,000,000,000 feet; on unreserved public land 3216,000,000 feet, or a total of 109516,000,000 board feet. The National Forests now are in practically virgin condition, where the annual growth of timber just about offsets the annual loss by decay, but with proper forest management and adequate protection that timber can be made to increase an annual rate of at least one percent of the present stand.. In other words, through proper supervision it cutting and adequate protection it possible to cut about 1,000,000,000 feet of timber annually from the National Forests in California for a practically limitless period, and this cut off timber far from depleting the forest resources would actually improve the groves. With this end in view, the Forest Service is selling as rapidly as there is demand for it the old and overmature timber, which usually furnishes the largest per cent of the clear grades. Under careful supervision the stand when cut over is left in excellent condition for growing a second crop of timber, and conservation is thus brought about by wise use. CAME FROM EL MODENA Barry Sullivan, acting Richard III was declaiming, "A horse, A horse! My kingdom for a horse!" when he wagged in the pit called out, "And wouldn't a jackass do as well for you?" "Sure," retorted Sullivan, like a flash. "Come right around to the stage door." THE WILLIAMS GOOSE NECK CULTIVATOR A NEW IDEA IN ORCHARD CULTIVATING In All Sizes, from 7 ft. to 14 ft. Two 1000 lb. horses will easily handle one of these 7 ft. tools. Being built low down you can easily cultivate right up to the tree. Has solid steel frame, shanks 61-4 inches apart, runners adjustable to change depth, 11-4 in. Reversible spring steel teeth. Stirs the soil well without exposing the sub-surface, and thus prevents the escape of moisture. Let us show you this tool before you buy. Wickersheim Implement Co. FULLERTON Agency for Northern Orange County Spend the Summer at Coronado Tent City $3.50 Round Trip Tickets on Sale Daily Limit September 30, 1909 Palm Tent House and Tent Houses at very reasonable rates. Two miles of well kept streets fronting both bay and ocean. All best amusements. Dancing every night except Sunday. Free electric lights in furnished tents. Free ice water. First-class restaurant and lunch counter. For detail information phone or call on J. H. CLABAUGH, Agent Palace Meat Market Schumacher & Schneider Proprietors Choice Fresh and Salted Meats Telephone Main 51 Meats Delivered to all parts of city Palace Meat Market Schumacher & Schneider Proprietors DEALEPS IN Choice Fresh and Salted Meats Telephone Main 51 Meats Delivered to all parts of city California Wine Co. F. Conrad & Son, Props. Center Street - Anaheim Wholesale Wine and Liquor Merchants Best Brands of Bottled Beer. Delivery Made Everywhere FICTION is FICTION NEWS IS TRUTH The GAZETTE Prints the News The GAZETTE Tells the Truth F. W. REED General Machinist 122 North Los Angeles Street Anaheim, California Repair Work will be Given Special Attention Windmills, Tanks, Pipe Fittings. Gasoline Pumping Plants Installed and Repaired