anaheim-gazette 1906-06-28

GROUND WATER FAILING. Geological Survey Recommends More Care in Use of Water. Results of an extremely practical and purposeful investigation of ground water resources of the coastal plain region of Southern California have just been published by the geological survey. These reports are designated as water supply and irrigation papers and they cover the region along the coast from Santa Monica to Aliso creek, and extend inland over the coastal plain to the foothills from San Pasquale on the northwest, through Santa Anita, Glendora, Pomona and San Bernardino, to San Jacinto on the southeast. Throughout this whole area people are dependent upon ground water for their supply and much of the prosperity that has been realized in this country has resulted from irrigation by ground waters and the future is largely dependent upon availability of these waters and their permanence. With reference to the supply of the whole region the report states that in all of the important basins there has been during the last ten years a general reduction in the geles to a point south of already shows shrinkage northern and eastern borde to about one-fourth of the area, while that south shows a shrinkage of approx 10 percent. "The San Bernardino likewise been reduced about and that north of San Jack shrinkage along its north equal to about one-fifth of nal artesian area." These reports give most warnings concerning the water supply which, it appears avoided if intelligent measures adopted. Inasmuch as the spot of North America has developed solely as a result ing by ground waters, it appears inhabitants of the region better than to organize such measures as are recorded. They can be obtained upon tion to the director of survey or to members o representing this region. POINTERS ON IRR [Paper read before the Corona F by Frank Thompson] "Water is king." "Here dom." These familiar w used for two or three years published in the great Imper Since the words "here is it have become too literally are no longer kept before eye. However, water is king, the Imperial Valley, but o Southern California and other prosperity that has been realized in this country has resulted from irrigation by ground waters and the future is largely dependent upon availability of these waters and their permanence. With reference to the supply of the whole region the report states that in all of the important basins there has been during the last ten years a general reduction in the yield of artesian wells. The last ten years have constituted a period of low rainfall, and as a result the ground water supply has been diminished, and it is evident that there should be no further increase of drafts upon underground resources. The rate of this decrease under the influence of the great development that has taken place, has been very slow, and while it is probable that in some basins favorably located there is no decrease to the flow, the shrinkage must continue in other places unless there is concerted effort upon the part of irrigators to be economical in the use of water. The summary given by the author of these reports, Walter C. Mendenhall, is as follows: "The supply is large, since it consists of water saturating all that part of coastal plain gravels within about 250 feet of the surface over an area of 600 or 700 square miles. Annual additions to the supply are large, consisting of part of the flood waters of San Gabriel, Los Angeles and Santa Ana rivers, together with the return waters from irrigation and local rainfall. Drafts upon this supply are also large, and seem certainly to be in excess of the supply in certain parts of this region." "With present developments the water plane must be expected to decline slowly, and the artesian area to shrink until drainage is checked by this shrinkage to a point where it no longer exceeds the supply. This decline should not prove serious if the present developments are not greatly increased, but so long as this development continues at a rate which increases the output, shrinkage will "Water is king." "Here dom." These familiar words used for two or three years published in the great Imperial Since the words "here is it have become too literally are no longer kept before eye. However, water is king, the Imperial Valley, but on Southern California and other of the Great West. To some agent or element has marvelous transformation, only to remind ourselves that a century ago what now possibly the most valuable property used for production in this country of incomparable was used by the Spanish sheep herders as grazing their flocks. The development of water lands has made it possible magnificent citrus groves, from some of which have, in 1906, sold for $1000 per acre remember, but one c. Of course these are extreme do not properly represent business as a whole, but what is possible under the able conditions. Without water the lands situate the citrus belt of So California would still be of little value. Intensive production of early fruits prices, will be done more upon irrigated lands. But company is probably the most in the intelligent and economic of water that we stockhold Temescal Water Company money for. Here I wish to say that tions vary so greatly in diff of our colony, changing se so much difference in the that no specific rules for a water to the soil can be said Of course the object to be that each tree in the orchard moisture to keep it ous, healthy state, so that its power shall constantly be mum. There are two condition which may prevent a satisfaction; either it may be so With present developments the water plane must be expected to decline slowly, and the artesian area to shrink until drainage is checked by this shrinkage to a point where it no longer exceeds the supply. This decline should not prove serious if the present developments are not greatly increased, but so long as this development continues at a rate which increases the output, shrinkage will also continue. The lowering of the ground water level and the shrinkage of artesian areas will no doubt be interrupted by periods of rising water levels. The shrinkage of an artesian belt will be manifest along its northern edge and the effect father north will be a decrease of flow and lessening of pressure. Shallow artesian wells will generally be affected earlier and to a more marked extent than the deeper ones. One of the maps included in this series of reports shows the artesian areas and shrinkage which already has occurred. For example, the great artesian area running along the coast from a point west of Los An- Hump Back SCOTT'S EMULSION won't make a hump back straight, neither will it make a short leg long, but it feeds soft bone and heals diseased bone and is among the few genuine means of recovery in rickets and bone consumption. Send for free sample. SCOTT & BOWNE, Chemists, 409-415 Pearl Street, New York. 50c. and $1.00; all druggists. A point south of Santa Ana shows shrinkage along its north and eastern borders equal to one-fourth of the original mile that south of Pomona shrinkage of approximately 10%. San Bernardino area has been reduced about one-half the north of San Jacinto shows along its northern border about one-fifth of the origi-nian area." Reports give most ominous concerns the loss of wa-ly which, it appears, may be due to intelligent measures are not inasmuch as this garden North America has been de-solely as a result of irrigat-ground waters, it appears that parts of the region can do no harm to organize and adopt measures as are recommended. Can be obtained upon applica- tion by the director of geological or to members of congress acting this region. TTERS ON IRRIGATION [Headline] "Before the Corona Farmers' Club by Frank Thompson" "Here is its king." "Here is its king." "These familiar words were two or three years by a paper held in the great Imperial Valley. The words 'here is its kingdom'" come too literally true, they longer kept before the public over. water is king, not only in central Valley, but over much of California and other portions want the land well furrowed; if possi-ble, make the furrows so that when the water is turned in at the same flume it will follow the furrow to the bottom of the orchard without turning to the right or left. Of course the number of furrows varies greatly with soil condi-tions. The least number I have seen used was two to the row; the greatest eleven to each space. Usually we have from three to six. I like to have as many furrows as I can get thoroughly soaked, starting the water in all at the beginning and letting it run in all continuously. After five years of experi-ence I believe thoroughly in the zigzag furrow, which crosses the space lying between the trees that cannot be reached by the ordinary method of straight furrowing. Theory and experience agree that a tree will have more vigor and productive power by making use of the patch of ground about 10 by 15 feet, which in our larger lemon groves would lie dormant during the later summer and fall months unless irrigated. We want our furrows opened to the flume, which must be thoroughly cleaned, with gates and stops regulated before the water is turned in. In securing a good irrigation much depends upon getting a good start; thus we emphasize having everything in readiness. Where enough water for six or eight acres goes rushing down one furrow, possibly getting clear across the grove before it can be regulated, it silts the furrows over so that during the entire irrigation it would not take more than half the amount of water that it otherwise would, and of course does not penetrate as deeply as it should. The ideal way is to have a gate in the flume to open for each furrow. But alas, when there is much trash in the water it is... water is king.” “Here is its kingThese familiar words were two or three years by a paper held in the great Imperial Valley. The words “here is its kingdom” come too literally true, they longer kept before the public over, water is king, not only in Central Valley, but over much of California and other portions Great West. To realize that element or element has wrought a major transformation, we have reminded ourselves that less than thirty ago what now constitutes the most valuable acreage used for productive purposes country of incomparable wealth, led by the Spanish and French driers as grazing grounds forocks. Development of water for these lands made it possible to grow the recent citrus groves, the crops one of which have, in the year sold for $1000 per acre—not the remember, but one crop of fruit. These are extreme cases, and properly represent the citrus as a whole, but let us know possible under the most favorable conditions. But water the lands which conthe citrus belt of Southern Californias would still be of comparatively value. Intensive farming, the use of early fruits and vegetawhich always command good will be done more and more migrated lands. But this comprobably the most interested intelligent and economical use that we stockholders in the Real Water Company pay our favor. I wish to say that soil condiry so greatly in different parts colony, changing seasons make no difference in the same soil, specific rules for applying the soil can be safely given. Use the object to be attained is with tree in the orchard get suffisture to keep it in a vigor-ithy state, so that its productive small constantly be at the maxiare two conditions of soil may prevent a satisfactory irrieither it may be so hard as to for six or eight acres goes rushing down one furrow, possibly getting clear across the grove before it can be regulated, it silts the furrows over so that during the entire irrigation it would not take more than half the amount of water that it otherwise would, and of course does not penetrate as deeply as it should. The ideal way is to have a gate in the flume to open for each furrow. But alas, when there is much trash in the water it is necessary to have the gates open more widely in order to prevent their clogging, so we must run two or three furrows from one spout. This necessitates very constant watching to keep the furrows running evenly, as a very small object, such as a leaf blowing in and drifting down to the dividing point, may turn too much water from one furrow to the other. Now having our water started in all the furrows, we want to get as even an irrigation as possible and still keep the waste water down to the minimum. Let us keep our furrows running just as evenly as we possibly can; go over, take notes and regulate before noon. The first day don’t trust too much to the eye, some furrows take more water than others. What we want is to have them get to the bottom of the grove as near together as possible. Now the question of waste water. Some think it unnecessary to have any. I do not think it possible to get an even irrigation without having some waste water; it need not be a large amount. If two-thirds of the furrows are through the second morning it will keep you busy during the day to keep them running and get the rest through before night. The last night all the furrows should be running through, though of course it should be a very small stream at the bottom of the grove. It is well to have a few rows at the bottom of the piece if the streams are coming through too strongly. On our large lemon trees, I believe by heavier fertilization and having more water and getting it more frequently we could get heavier crops of fruit. From the 15th of June until the first of October the large lemon trees should get water every 20 days to keep them at their highest production. During the summer six years ago we were able by reason of considerable extra water stock to irrigate between the regular irrigations making the water On our large lemon trees, I believe by heavier fertilization and having more water and getting it more frequently we could get heavier crops of fruit. From the 15th of June until the first of October the large lemon trees should get water every 20 days to keep them at their highest production. During the summer six years ago we were able by reason of considerable extra water stock to irrigate between the regular irrigations, making the water come every 20 days. As a result not a leaf curled in the orchard during the summer, and in October we picked 25,-000 boxes of lemons. An abundance of water would bring on our fall picking earlier, make them heavier, thus greatly increasing our profits. The development of water for the arid and semi-arid lands of the great west is just in its infancy, and the not distant future will see portions of the great American desert supporting dense populations and with a productive power never dreamed of by the prairie states, famed the world over for their fertility. To Coronado Beach and Return, $3.50. 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