anaheim-gazette 1906-06-14

SHERWOOD APPROVED SITE Found Stratum of Tough Bluish Yellow Clay Underlying Yorba Reservoir The report of G. W. Sherwood approving the Yorba reservoir site makes good reading now that the gentleman, for reasons best known to himself, has seen fit to make a feeble attempt to discredit the enterprise. In July, 1902, while acting as engineer of the water company, as well as being at the time a member of the board of directors, he submitted the following report upon the reservoir site. Be it remembered that work upon the structure was about to begin, with Sherwood in charge of construction. The report was written by Sherwood, and is now on file in the Secretary's office: Anaheim, July 5, 1902. To the Board of Directors of the A. U. W. Co.—Gentlemen: Your committee having in charge the further examination of the Yorba reservoir site with reference to its availability for the purpose intended reports as follows: Borings were begun on June 3d and prosecuted continuously until July 2d. The tools were a two-inch and a three-inch ordinary auger, welded on three-quarter inch black pipe. The auger was screwed into the ground with an ordinary pipe wrench for a foot or more, and then withdrawn, and the adhering material removed. In dry sand a little water was poured into the hole to make the material adhere to the auger. This method works very well and rapidly in loam or clay; but considerable difficulty is usually experienced in going through a considerable stratum of sand, as it will neither adhere well to the auger, or stand up unless puddled with clay. These difficulties were partially overcome by driving a piece of casing as fast as the hole was bored, and working inside it. Gravel containing boulders we were usually unable to penetrate except by an enlargement of the Tuffy voir, but they refused to stand proposition, because, as the heightening of the dam would water up in the ditch feeding ervoir. Sherwood proposed taking long-since discarded Kraemel voir site, but the two local men ed to be ensnared by his eloquient Finally McLauchlin said: building the reservoir." "Which reservoir?" inquired wood. "Why, the Yorba reservoir sponded McLauchlin." "That gravel bed?" said S contemptuously. "I understand you once that site," said McLauchlin. Sherwood denied he had so. At a later meeting of the said that if he had ever end reservoir, he had forgotten all. If he will sit down and the hard of what he said concern reservoir in 1902, when he ex-be in charge of its construc haps his report will again su self to his treacherous memory. FIRES ON FOREST RES Effective Administration duces Burned Area fourth that of 1904 The worst enemy of the fire. To combat it the forest maintains a fire-fighting How effective is this system sand a little water was poured into the hole to make the material adhere to the auger. This method works very well and rapidly in loam or clay; but considerable difficulty is usually experienced in going through a considerable stratum of sand, as it will neither adhere well to the auger, or stand up unless puddled with clay. These difficulties were partially overcome by driving a piece of casing as fast as the hole was bored, and working inside it. Gravel containing boulders we were usually unable to penetrate except by digging pits. The location and results of the borings are shown in detail on the accompanying cross section. In general, we find that at an average depth of twenty-five feet below the surface, on the proposed dam line, there is a stratum of tough bluish yellow clay about fourteen feet in thickness underlaid with fine sand, which we did not penetrate more than two feet. Borings made in the bottom of the reservoir 400 and 800 feet north of the dam line and at other places would indicate that this stratum of clay is continuous and unbroken in this part of the reservoir site. This stratum of clay is overlaid with strata of loam, sand, clay, and gravel varying in thickness and distribution; gravel being usually found on the top of the hills to a considerable depth. Your committee sees no reason why a safe dam cannot be constructed at this place if a proper foundation is made in the above mentioned stratum of bluish clay. The details of construction, viz., whether the puddle wall should be built to the top of the dam; how far in the hills on each side it should be constructed; of what materials the dam should be built, and the most economical method of conveying them to the site; and others, are matters which should be referred to a recognized expert in this line of work; and such action will be productive of economy and certain results. An incomplete examination of the places from which the material for building the dam must come was also made, the results of which are shown in detail on the cross-section. An examination was also made to ascertain if the height of the dam could not be increased. There appears to be no reason why the height should not be increased from five to ten feet. The elevation for a short distance on the west side is a little low; but the elevation of the hills at the dam line and on the east side are sufficient. Taking the average area at the 40-foot-level at 55 acres an additional ten feet would hold 550 acre feet, which is equivalent, approximately, to 300 miners' inches, 12 hours a day for 90 days; or about one-half the capacity of the duces Burned Area fourth that of 1904. The worst enemy of the fire. To combat it the forest maintains a fire-fighting How effective is this system by figures recently issued by partment of agriculture. From figures it appears that, while serve area has almost doubled burned area has been reduced more than three-fourths. Only since February 1, 1904 the reserves been under restitution of the forest service reduction is therefore the first eleven months of restitution by government for The working out of a systematic control of fire on the is still in its infancy. "To fire" is still the judgment of ester on the situation. Of bad seasons play a large part termining the fire losses of Even with the best possible protection there are bound wide fluctuations between annual years. But it is believe under expert care the injury national forests can be rapidly permanently cut down. The loss from forest fires in the States runs annually into millions of dollars, while the loss is beyond estimate. In developing its system protection the forest service avail self of past experience, home foreign. The reserve officers guards, assistant forest range duty forest supervisors, and supervisors—are under their supervision of the office of ice at Washington, guided by nite code of instructions; but authority, with corresponding sponsibility, is placed upon these officers themselves. All excise forest guards are civil servants. There appears to be no reason why the height should not be increased from five to ten feet. The elevation for a short distance on the west side is a little low; but the elevation of the hills at the dam line and on the east side are sufficient. Taking the average area at the 40-foot level at 55 acres an additional ten feet would hold 550 acre feet, which is equivalent, approximately, to 300 miners' inches, 12 hours a day for 90 days; or about one-half the capacity of the reservoir as planned. Your committee is not yet able to report on the resurvey of the outlet ditch, Respectfully submitted, (Signed) JOHN P. ZEYN, G. W. SHERWOOD. Shortly after the report was filed Sherwood was relieved of his office as engineer. A cement ditch which he located was said to have been improperly placed, and the water company was threatened with a suit for damages. The company was also notified to remove it. How the thing was settled has passed out of mind. But Sherwood was dismissed from his office as engineer. Immediately he attacked the reservoir. He delayed the work. From time to time he offered this objection and that objection, until it seemed the enterprise had not a friend left. He won members of the board of directors over to his side, with the result that work upon the structure was practically given up for a year or more. When Messrs. McLauchlin and Gunderson—two new men who had recently come into the community, were placed upon the board, they immediately took up the matter for investigation. They were business men, who had made a success of their own private affairs, and were looked to for relief from an intolerable state of affairs. Sherwood tried to win them over to foreign. The reserve officers guards, assistant forest range duty forest supervisors, and supervisors—are under the supervision of the office of the ice at Washington, guided by nite code of instructions; but authority, with corresponding sponsibility, is placed upon two officers themselves. All except forest guards are civil-service employees, and the salaries paid from $720 to $2500 a year. Supervisor is responsible for control of his reserve and is expected devise systems best suited to its cality. Already, in the brief since the organization of the team, a high standard of efficiency been developed, and a much is expected. A constant lookout for kept from ridge trails and coming points during the danger and the reserves are patrolled efficiently as possible with these available. Roads, trails, and lines are constructed, at means of rapid communication points of vantage at which to the progress of a fire, and telephone lines are being run to help warning and summon assistance. Every forest supervisor is informed, in person or through a denate, to hire temporary material and supply pay for their transportation place to place to extinguish When the cost is likely to $300 the supervisor telegraph ment of the Tuffree reserthey refused to stand for that in, because, as they said, a ing of the dam would back on the ditch feeding the resd proposed taking up the discarded Kraemer reserout the two local men refusnared by his eloquence. McLauchlin said: "I am for the reservoir." reservoir?" inquired Sherthe Yorba reservoir," remcLauchlin. travel bed?" said Sherwood, obviously. stand you once approved said McLauchlin. denied he had ever done water meeting of the board he of he had ever endorsed the he had forgotten all about it. will sit down and think real that he said concerning the in 1902, when he expected to age of its construction, perport will again suggest it reacherous memory. FOREST RESERVES Administration ReBurned Area to Onethat of 1904. enemy of the forests is combat it the forest service a fire-fighting system. live is this system is shown forester for authority to incur the additional expense. Forest rangers are required to report monthly to the supervisor regarding all fires occurring in their districts. These reports cover the location, damage done, probable cause, by whom the fire was discovered, when discovered, when brought to the notice of the forest officer, when the work of fighting the fire was begun and finished, how many extra men were employed, and cost of fire. At the end of the year the supervisor submits an annual report to the Washington office. During the calendar year of 1905, 36 of the 93 reserves escaped fires altogether. On the remaining 57, areas were burned over ranging from 1 to 79,083 acres (northern division of the Sierra reserve) and amounting to 279,592 acres. The largest amount of timber was destroyed on the Lewis and Clark reserve—42,893,000 board feet. The total for all reserves was 152,557,000 board feet, with a value of $101,282, but the greatest loss in money value was $27,320 on the Priest river reserve. The total cost of extra labor and supplies for fire fighting was $12,573.52. The seasons of greatest danger from fire are spring and fall. The first is now fully at hand, as the Michigan losses already testify; and, unless every precaution is taken by all concerned, vast damage from fire, on both public and private forests, may again be expepected. General co-operation of all coming in contact with the forests is earnestly to be sought, first, to guard sedulously against the starting of fires, Pitkin's Guaranteed fopainting barns, roogallon and 1 gallon Nearly forty yepaint and thousand that there are no miteterial than those mite One gallon of oifeet two coats, on oirough wood work, Ender's D Shaves the toughest no honing; twelve b week; all proved sa The seasons of greatest danger from fire are spring and fall. The first is now fully at hand, as the Michigan losses already testify; and, unless every precaution is taken by all concerned, vast damage from fire, on both public and private forests, may again be expected. General co-operation of all coming in contact with the forests is earnestly to be sought, first, to guard sedulously against the starting of fires, and, second, to aid in every way in extinguishing such as occur. In this connection may be mentioned several steps already taken toward cooperation among the forest service, the state governments, and local interests in fighting fires. In California the forest service, the state forester, and the lumber companies are co-operating to prevent and fight fires, all forest rangers having been made state fire wardens. In Oregon and Washington the forest service is co-operating with the timber companies to the same end. The governor of Idaho is inaugurating a movement to organize the timber companies of that state to co-operate with each other and with the state in fighting fires, and has asked the assistance of the forester, who has replied that the service will aid the movement by furnishing plans and assisting in carrying out any measures agreed upon by the Idaho organization. THE CALM BAD MAN. He Is More Dangerous Than the One Who Blusters. The bad man of genuine sort rarely looked the part assigned to him in the popular imagination. The long haired blusterer, adorned with a dialect that never was spoken, serves very well in eastern fiction about the west, but that is not the real thing. The most dangerous man was apt to be quiet and smooth spoken. When an antagonist blustered and threatened, the most dangerous bad man only felt rising in his own soul, keen and stern, that strange exultation which often comes with combat for the man naturally brave. A western officer of established reputation once said to me while speaking of a personal difficulty into which he had been forced: "I hadn't been in anything of that sort for years, and I the reserve officers—forest istant forest rangers, depsupervisors, and forest are under the direct of the office of the servington, guided by a defif instructions; but large with corresponding rery, is placed upon the local selves. All except the words are civil-service emdid the salaries paid range to $2500 a year. Each is responsible for the pareserve and is expected to emits best suited to his loready, in the brief period organization of this sysstandard of efficiency has hoped, and a much higher ant lookout for fires is bridge trails and commandduring the danger season, serves are patrolled as efpossible with the force Roads, trails, and fire constructed, affording rapid communication and avantage at which to arrest iss of a fire, and telephone being run to help give summon assistance. rest supervisor is authorson or through a suborfire temporary men, purerial and supplies, and their transportation from pace to extinguish a fire. cost is likely to exceed supervisor telegraphs the Roof Dogs of New York. There are dogs in New York that never set foot on the street. They belong to the janitors in the downtown buildings, and their runways consist of the roofs of the buildings in which their owners live and adjoining roofs on the same level. 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