anaheim-gazette 1906-02-22

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Drafts sold direct on all European Countries Interest Paid on Time Certificates OFFICERS W. F. BOTSFORD, President JOHN HARTUNG, Vice Pres.-Cash. FRANK SHANLEY, 2d Vice Pres. O. ZEUS, Assistant Cashier DIRECTORS W. F. BOTSFORD JOHN HARTUNG FRANK SHANLEY A. S. BRADFORD PETER WEISEL. CENTER RAILWAY TIME TA Time of Arrival and Dept Trains. CENTER Market Carries a choice line of Fresh and Salt Meats MARTIN & KLEMENT Phne Main 123 Center Street, ANAHEIM Palace Meat Market F.W.FLEISCHMAN, Prop Beef, Mutton, Pork, Hams, Fresh & Salted Meats, Bacon, Lard Prompt attention given to all orders, Telephone Main 51 Eggs for Hatching Buff Orpington, Barred Plymouth Rock, White Leghorns and White Rock eggs for sale from imported birds at "Calla" Poultry Ranch, East Broadway, Anaheim. Also cockerels and pullets for sale. Highest price paid for market poultry. THOS. S. ARMSTRONG, proprietor Agriculture in Public Schools By A. C. True, Director of U.S. Office of Experiment Stations. The movement for the introduction of instruction in agriculture into secondary and primary schools is passing rapidly from the stage of agitation to that of action and realization. The agitation of this subject in this country began in the days when Washington, a great farmer as well as a great general and statesman, was the foremost man in the new republic. It has ebbed and flowed many times since then without leaving any lasting impress on our educational system, until within the last decade it has gathered such volume and assumed such substantial form that the permanent accomplishment of its object seems assured. When we inquire why this is so the reasons are many, but they may be grouped under two or three main heads. In general, the claims of agriculture to a place in our public school system are based both on the economic, social and educational needs of agriculture and agricultural people as related to our present civilization, and on the pedagogic requirements of a school system which shall be adapted to the masses of people in a democratic and industrial state, and to the symmetrical culture of the mind and body of the human child. In a word, intelligent farmers and learned pedagogues approaching the subject from their respective standpoints now meet on a common platform and, each party using the arguments appropriate to men in other callings and sure and adequate retraining labor and capital. He how to permanently make fertility of the soil, which best adapted to his local select and improve various methods of cultivation, and drainage will enable him the most productive and use of the available water which machines are best particular uses and how most economically main kinds of animals are more to keep and how they proved, what methods, packing and marketing with best results, what remedies in plant or animal disease prevent ravages by insect animals. Merely as a matter the farmer can not afford knowledge to his own education such matters; but knowlize information gathered. This requires preliminary training in school age as the surest and best tion for a successful farm. Moreover, the American needs to learn somewhere at age on which we are not the co-operative spirit we and more essential to theomic conditions of agrific other industries. The far country has thus far been wark of an individulistiation of industry and one general. But we are b see that excessive indi industry is resulting in weening aristocratic, or oligarchic control o shall be adapted to the masses of people in a democratic and industrial state, and to the symmetrical culture of the mind and body of the human child. In a word, intelligent farmers and learned pedagogues approaching the subject from their respective standpoints now meet on a common platform and, each party using the arguments appropriate to his calling, agree that agriculture is a fit and useful subject to be taught in public schools. Hence, the friends of agricultural progress in this country have good reason to believe that ere long agriculture will be generally taught in our schools and form a permanent part of the public school curriculum. It may therefore be appropriate on this occasion, when farmers and teachers are met together for conference on educational matters, to briefly review some of the arguments advanced nowadays by those who favor agricultural instruction in the public schools. And it should be understood at the outset that agriculture is here used in a broad sense to include farming, horticulture, floriculture, and forestry—the village garden and the city park, as well as the ranch or the orchard. Let the farmers speak first, for they furnish the pupils and support the schools. An old argument, which has not altogether lost its force, is that agriculture is a great and fundamental industry. On the successful prosecution of agriculture depends the continued existence and prosperity of the human race. By agriculture we are all fed and clothed and in a large measure are provided with dwellings and the material comforts of civilization. Whether we consider the extent of the surface of our globe used for agriculture, the number of men who work on the farms and in the gardens and forests, or the variety, amount, and value of the products, agriculture is a great sub- and more essential to the economic conditions of agrarian other industries. The far country has thus far been wark of an individulistion of industry and one general. But we are be see that excessive indian industry is resulting in weening aristocratic, or or oligarchic control on and that in some way we the true co-operative organ industries if we are to the democratic character and legal institute farmer boy studying agris his comrades in the pub will family grasp cone forests are ous in a state, and we produce advantages of will work together for the advancement of our induu The unintelligent farm age and land has sunk of a stolid and unprogress try, and in this way, in efforts of great statesmen lanthrophists, the genie prosperity among farmers kept very low. One of couraging effects of an Old World by an American observation of the genera the masses after all the civilization—the absolute soil in such countries once the land flowing with honey, the almost into dens put upon farm children even in such countries as Germany and the extreme want often communities in Spain, I land. Surely we do not an outcome for America. You may say we are from these things in Ar perhaps you have not soditions among negro whites in the black belt Atlantic and Gulf states lands of the Alleghen BANK SHANLEY A. S. BRADFORD PETER WEISEL. Sr HALWAY TIME TABLE. Arrival and Departure of Trains. December 28, 1904. Southern Pacific Railroad. In the Southern Pacific pass Analows: Geles. From Los Angeles. ...7:52 am Daily.....9:24am ...10:52 am Daily.....2:53pm ...3:51 pm Daily.....6:03pm Pass Loara Station: Geles. From Los Angeles ...7:56 am Daily.....9:24am ...10:56am Daily.....2:49am ...3:55 pm Daily.....5:59pm LOS ALAMITOS TRAINS. Heim Arrive Anaheim— ...5:15 am Daily*....8:00 am Sunday. BAINES TO NEWPORT BEACH Heim Arrive at Newport ...6:03 pm Daily*....6:53 pm Port Arrive Anaheim ...7:05 am Daily.....7:53 am Time Table Feb. 12, 1906. On the Santa Fe River Anaheim for used as follows: Geles—5:34 a.m. 00 am., 12:19 pm Ana—1:15 am, 8:51 am. 11:35 am, 2:35 am. Olego—1:15 am, 8:51 a.m. 2:35 p.m. Side and San Bernardino—11:35 pm. Lands—11.35 am. Is and San Jacinto—*11:35 am. a—12.19 pm, 5:19 pm, 5.34 am Adido—*2:35pm. Brook—*8:51 am. Ando Beach—7:55 am.. Train leaves Los Angeles at 11:55 arrives at Anaheim at 1:15 am. Kansas City, Denver and all points m, 5:19 pm. Marked with a * are daily except All others daily. J. H. CLABAUGH, Agent. of the human race. By agriculture we are all fed and clothed and in a large measure are provided with dwellings and the material comforts of civilization. Whether we consider the extent of the surface of our globe used for agriculture, the number of men who work on the farms and in the gardens and forests, or the variety, amount, and value of the products, agriculture is a great subject, and would be straugely left out of our schools. In the United States alone, leaving out the forests, about 850,000,000 acres are devoted to agriculture; there are nearly 6,000,000 farms, on which 10,000,000 men work for the direct support of a rural population of 40,000,000 souls. The value of these farms and their equipment is over $20,000,000,000, and the value of their products in 1905 is $6,-415,000,000. "The manufacturing industries that depend upon farm products for raw materials employed 2,145,000 persons in 1900, and used a capital of $4,132,000,000." But the bigness and fundamental character of agriculture may be used chiefly to draw attention to the economic, social, and educational needs of the agricultural people as a large section of the community using the public schools. Economically speaking, the farmer or horticulturist of today and of the future must be a more intelligent and better informed man than his predecessor, in order to compete on advantageous terms with You may say we are from these things in America perhaps you have not seenditions among negroes whites in the black belt Atlantic and Gulf states lands of the Alleghenies semi-arid districts of Plains, or our Mexican in the Southwest. Or may not know that by a blind disregard of experience we are wiping ests east and west, nor thus not only causing timber, but making confall and soil-washing w speedily prevented, wil lutely great agriculture Ask Spain, for example,the sure result of cutting from hillsides and mounIn a strong paper b cent convention of the American Agricultural Experiment stations at Professor Hopkins of College of agriculture leading experts on soils. "Are there fields in W once great crops of corn and now no one care taxes? Are there farm mous Mohawk valley purchased for less th In other callings and to secure land adequate returns for his land capital. He must know how permanently maintain the fertility of the soil, what crops are adapted to his locality, how to grow and improve varieties, what kinds of cultivation, irrigation, drainage will enable him to make most productive and beneficial use of the available water supply, machines are best adapted to regular uses and how they can be economically maintained, what of animals are most profitable and how they can be imbalanced, what methods of storage, logging and marketing will yield the results, what remedies to apply to or animal diseases, how to treat ravages by insects, birds and mammals. Merely as a money-maker, farmer can not afford to limit his hedge to his own experience in matters; but know how to utilization gathered and print this requires preliminary technical training in school at an early age the surest and best preparer a successful farm practice. Moreover, the American farmer must learn somewhere that in the state which we are now entering an operative spirit will be more essential to the best economic conditions of agriculture, as of industries. The farmer in this city has thus far been the bulldog of an individualistic organization industry and of society in all. But we are beginning to meet excessive individualism in our industry is resulting in an over-aristocratic, or plutocratic,archic control of industries. buildings once cost? Are there agricultural lands in the Western Reserve which were sold half a century ago for $100 an acre now bought for $50 or less? Are the wonderful prairie soils of the west producing less and less? To all these questions men who know the facts, answer, yes." Even in California fertile soil and favorable climate have not prevented the coming in of great hindrances to successful agriculture, due to the ignorance and heedlessness of farm owners and managers. A one-crop system of agriculture has here produced the same ruinous results that it has wherever pursued in ancient or modern times. I am informed that in certain regions of this state the average yield of wheat per acre has fallen from 17 to 3 sacks, and the value of agricultural lands from $100 to $35 to $10 per acre. Irrigation without proper provision for drainage is a growing menace to the prosperity of fruit-growing districts when the value of orchards and vineyards is normannly many hundreds of dollars per acre. Irrigation practice and the extension of its influences are seriously retarded by expensive litigation and the failure to provide a rational and equitable code of irrigation laws. Economic and social problems connected with the division of the great ranches into small farms to be owned by their occupants, the establishment of a permanent agricultural population to take the place of the roving and often alien bands of farm laborers, and the improvement of the social and domestic conditions of farm life are here sufficient to call more essential to the best economic conditions of agriculture, as of industries. The farmer in this country has thus far been the bulldog of an individualistic organization industry and of society in all. But we are beginning to see excessive individualism in industry is resulting in an overarching aristocratic, or plutocratic,archic control of industries, that in some way we must evolve the co-operative organization of industries if we are to perpetuate democratic character of our social legal institutions. The boy studying agriculture with ammrades in the public schools usually grasp the idea that interests are advantageous, and we shall thus once perceptions of farmers who work together for the right adjustment of the industry. The unintelligent farmer in every field land has sunk to the level solid and unprogressive peasant in this way, in spite of the laws of great statesmen and philosophists, the general level of poverty among farmers has been very low. One of the most disgiring effects of a visit to the World by an American is the evasion of the general poverty of masses after all the centuries of nation—the absolute ruin of the such countries as Palestine, the land flowing with milk and oil, the almost intolerable burp output upon farm women and even in such enlightenedries as Germany and Belgium, extreme want often seen in rural counties in Spain, Italy and Ireland. Surely we do not want such outcome for American farmers. We may say we are not suffering these things in America. Then steps you have not seen the condis among negroes and poor lives in the black belt of the South Atlantic and Gulf states, or the upheaval of the Alleghenies, or some equitable code of irrigation laws. Economic and social problems connected with the division of the great ranches into small farms to be owned by their occupants, the establishment of a permanent agricultural population to take the place of the roving and often alien bands of farm laborers, and the improvement of the social and domestic conditions of farm life are here sufficient to call for the best thought and the most active co-operation of all the educational and moral forces of the state in devising ways and means for their satisfactory solution. The reason that California's agricultural possibilities have not been more fully realized is because that in order to do this the state must have a farming population of more than ordinary breadth of vision and more than average capacity and training in the conduct of agricultural affairs. The farmer of California must have some mechanical skill as well as intelligence in the selection and management of crops. He must know how to lay out ditches and drains, as well as to cultivate and harvest grains and fruits. Often his water supply is furnished by pumping, and he must know something about machinery in order to determine the type to be selected and the kind of power to be employed. The markets of California are not local. They include the whole of this country and are beginning to include many other countries. The question of freight rates and the manner of preparing products for shipment are live issues in a sense unknown to many of the Eastern farmers. It is not a matter of accident that California is today pre-eminently the state of co-operative experiments. It is forced upon people by their separation from the rest of the world and by the great interests with which they have to contend. The grain growers co-operate to carry on experiments for the improvement of the product, to widen their markets Surely we do not want such outcome for American farmers. You may say we are not suffering these things in America. Then crops you have not seen the contains among negroes and poor whites in the black belt of the South Atlantic and Gulf states, or the upsides of the Alleghenies, or some marid districts of the Great Lakes, or our Mexican population in Southwest. Or you possibly not know that by ignorance or disregard of universal exence we are wiping out our foreast and west, north and south, not only causing a dearth of water, but making condition of rain-land soil-washing which, unless familiarly prevented, will ruin absobly great agricultural regions. Spain, for example, if this is not sure result of cutting off forests on hillsides and mountains. A strong paper before the re-convention of the Association of African Agricultural Colleges and experiment stations at Washington, Messor Hopkins of the Illinois State of agriculture, one of our leading experts on soils, said: Are there fields in Virginia where great crops of corn were grown, now no one cares to pay the price? Are there farms in the far-flung Mohawk valley that can be cultivated for less than the farm It is not a matter of accident that California is today pre-eminently the state of co-operative experiments. It is forced upon people by their separation from the rest of the world and by the great interests with which they have to contend. The grain growers co-operate to carry on experiments for the improvement of the product, to widen their markets and to secure better freight rates. The fruit growers co-operate to extend their trade and to protect themselves from the abuses of the commission merchants. The most successful irrigation communities are those where co-operation has had the largest development, and this grows out of the fact that men are bound together by their common ties of dependence on the river first, and then on the canal. While the advantages of Californias are so great as to arouse an incentive to realize them to the utmost degree, there are also obstacles to their realization almost equal in magnitude. The working out of a plan whereby the Sacramento and San Juaquin rivers can be used in irrigation without injuring the navigation interests and arousing their fatal antagonism, is one example of the problems confronting agriculural progress in this state. The control of the flood waters of these rivers, so as to make possible the Continued on page 7.