anaheim-gazette 1885-12-12

is but the means established by the will of a free people, by which certain principles are applied which they have adopted for their benefit and protection; and it is never better administered and its true spirit is never better observed than when the people's taxation for support is scrupulously limited to the actual necessity of expenditure, and distributed according to a just and equitable plan. The proposition with which we have to deal is the reduction of the revenue received by the Government and indirectly paid by the people for customs duties. The question of free trade is not involved, nor is there now any occasion for the general discussion of the wisdom or expediency of a protective system. Justice and fairness dictate that in any modification of our present laws relating to revenue, the industries and interests which have been encouraged by such laws and in which our citizens have large investments should not be ritually injured or destroyed. We should also deal with the subject to such a manner as to protect the interest of American labor, which is the capital of our workingmen. Its stability and proper remuneration furnish the most justifiable pretexts for a protective policy. Within these limitations, a certain reduction having been determined upon, the injury follows. Where can it best be remedied, and what particles can best be released from debt to the interest of our attempts? I think the reduction should be made in the revenue derived from a tax upon the imported necessities of life. We thus directly lessen the cost of living on every family of the land and release to the public in every humble home a larger measure of the rewards of industry. NATIONAL BANK NOTES. During the year ended November 1, 1880, National Banks were organized, with an aggregate capital of $19,200,000, and circuit at notes have been issued to them amounting to $17,400,000. The whole number of these banks exists on the day above means—and was 2,157. The very limited are out of circulating notes issued by our National banks compared with the amount the law permits them to issue upon a dozen of bonds for their redemption. Indicates that the volume of our circulating money may be largely increased through the instrumentality. THE SILVER DOLLAR. Nothing more important than the present condition of our currency and coinage can claim your attention. Since February, long since the government has under the compulsory provisions of the law purchased silver bullion and coined the value at the rate of more than $20,000 every month. By this process up to the present date 256,931 silver dollars have been coined. A reasonable appropriation of a delegation of power of the General Government would limit its losses, without express reservation written to the persons needs and the resolution of the public welfare. Upon this theory the authority "to coin money," given Congress by the Constitution, permits the purchase by the Government of the bullion for coins in any event does not justify such purchase and coinage to an extent beyond the amount tendered for sufficient circulation no longer. The desire to utilize the silver product of the country should not lead to a measure in the provision of this power. apparent that a line of action in regard to our currency cannot wisely be settled upon or persisted in without considering the attitude on the subject of other countries with whom we maintain intercourse through commerce, trade and travel. Ah acknowledgement of this is found in the Act by virtue of which our silver is compulsorily coined. It provides that the President shall invite the Governments of the countries composing the Latin Union, so called and of such other European nations as he may deem advisable, to join the United States in a conference to adopt a common ratio between gold and silver, for the purpose of establishing internationally, the use of a bi-metallic money and securing fixity of relative value between these metals. This conference absolutely failed, and a similar fate has awaited all subsequent efforts in the same direction: and still we continue our coinage of silver at a ratio different from that of any other nation. The most vital part of the Silver Coinage Act remains inoperative and unexecuted. And without an ally or friend, we battle upon the silver field in an illogical and losing contest. REPEAL OF THE COINAGE LAW RECOMMENDED. To give full effect to the design of Congress on this subject I have made a careful and earnest endeavor since the adjournment of the last Congress. To this end I delegated a gentleman well instructed in fiscal science to proceed to the financial centre of Europe, and, in conjunction with our Ministers to England, France and Germany, to obtain a full knowledge of the attitude and intent of these governments respecting the establishment of such an international ratio as would procure the free coinage of both metals at the mints of these countries and our own. By my direction our Consul-General at Paris has given close attention to the proceedings of the Congress of the Latin Union, in order to indicate our interests in its objects and report its actions. It may be said in brief, as the result of these efforts, that the attitude of the leading Powers remains substantially unchanged since the monetary conference of 1881; nor is it to be questioned that the views of these Governments are in each instance supported by the weight of public opinion." The steps thus taken have therefore only more fully demonstrated the uselessness of further attempt at present to arrive at any agreement on the subject with other nations. In the mean time we are accumulating silver coin based upon our own peculiar ratio, to such an extent, and assuming so heavy a burden to be provided for in any international negotiations, as will render us an undesirable party to any future monetary conference of nations. It is a significant fact that four of the five countries composing La Union mentioned in our Coinage Act, embarrassed with their silver currency, have just completed an agreement among themselves that no more silver shall be coined by their respective Governments, and that such as has already been coined and in circulation shall be redeemed in gold by the country of its coinage. The resort to this expedient by these countries may well arrest the attention of those who suppose that we can succeed without shock or injury in the attempt to circulate upon its LEGAL REFERENCE: To make good this decline of gold, be sure the silver has been made legal tender for all debts and does public and private. At times during the last six months of present receipts for duties have been in silver or silver certificates, with the average within that period being one cent. The proportion of silver laid certificates received by the Government will probably increase as time goes on. For the reason that the period approaches when it will be obliged to toot silver in payment of its obligations the greater inducement there will be to hoard gold against depreciation too high value of silver for the purpose of speculation. This hoarding of gold has already begun, and when the time comes that will be withdrawn from circulation then will be apparent the difference between the real value of the silver dollar and a dollar in gold, and the two coins will part company. Gold still the standard of value and necessary in our dealings with other countries, will be at a premium over silver. The banks which have substituted gold for the deposit of their customers may pay them with silver bought with such gold thus making a handsome profit. Such securities will soil their hoarded gold to their neighbors who need it to indicate their foreign debts at a rumious preamium over silver, and the laboring men and women of the land most desenseless of all, will find that the dollar received for the wages of their toll has sally shrunk in its purchasing power. It may be said that the latter result will be but temporary and that ultimately the price of labor will be adjusted to the change but even if takes place the wage worker cannot possibly gain, but must inevitably lose since the price he is compelled to pay for his living will not only be measured in a coin heavily depreciated and fluctuating and uncertain in its value, but this uncertainty in the value of the pur having medium will be made the pretext for an advance in prices beyond that justified by actual depreciation. The awards uttered in 1834 by Daniel Webster in the Senate of the United States ARE TRUE TO DAY: "The very man of all others who has the deepest interest in a sound currency and who sucks most by mischievous legislation in money matters is the man who carries his daily bread by his daily it." The most distinguished advocate of bime alism, disusing our silver coinage has lately written: "No American citizen's hand has yet felt the sensation of cheapness either in receiving or expiring the Silver Act dollars. And these who live by labor or legitimate trade never will feel that sensation of power of the General Government would limit its leeway without resisting wrenches on the poets' needs and the revival on the public welfare. Upon this trust by the authority "to coin money," given Congress by the Constitution if it permits the purchase by the Government of the bullion for coinage in any event does not justify such purchase and coinage to an extent beyond the amount needed for sufficient orulating in money. The desire to utilize the silver present of the country should not lead to a mass persecution of this power. The necessity for such an addition to the silver currency on the nation's is compelled by the Silver Coins Act is negatived by the fact that upon present time only about 0%ison liver dollars so coin'd have actually found their way into circulation, leading more than 60,000 in possession of the Government; the custody of which has entailed a considerable expense for the continuation of values for its deposit. Again this latter amount to give are outstanding silver or incarces, amounts to about $200,000. Every month $200,000 gold in the public Treasury is paid and $200,000 or more of silver is added to the sale mass already mentioned. If this be continued long enough, this operation will result in the substitution of silver for it; the gold the government owes and that is applicable to its general purposes. It will not do to rely upon this. DEMISSION OF STEAMBOATS. The Steamboat Inspection Service, on the 5th day of June 1888, was composed of 140 persons, including officers, clerks and messengers. The expense of the service over the receipts were $138,822.27. During the year the special inspection of foreign steam vessels, organized under the law passed in 1882 was maintained during the year at an expense of $386,416.30. Since the close of the fiscal year reductions have been made in the force employed, which are accumulating silver coin based upon our own peculiar ratio, to such an extent, and assuming so heavy a burden to be provided for in any international negotiations, as will render us an undesirable party to any future monetary conference of nations. It is a significant fact that four of five countries composing the La Union mentioned in our Coinage Act, embarked with their silver currency, have just completed an agreement among themselves that no more silver shall be coined by their respective Governments, and that such as has already been coined and in circulation shall be redeemed in gold by the country of its coinage. The resort to this expedient by these countries may well arrest the attention of those who suppose that we can succeed without shock or injury in the attempt to circulate upon its merits all the silver we may coin under the provisions of our Silver Coinage Act. The condition in which our Treasury may be placed by a persistence in our present course is a matter of concern to every patriotic citizen who does not desire his Government to pay in silver such of its obligations as should be paid in gold; nor should our condition be such as to oblige us in a prudent management of our affairs, to discontinue the calling in and payment of interest-bearing obligations which we have right now to discharge, and thus avoid the payment of further interest thereon. The co-called doctor class, for whose benefit the continued compulsory coinage of silver is insisted upon, are not dishonest because they are in debt, and they should not be suspected of a desire to jeopardize the financial safety of the country in order that they may cancel their present debts by paying the same in depreciated dollars; nor should it be foregone that it is not the richer or in any manner lender one that must submit to such a readjustment enforced by the Government and their debitors. The pittance of the widow and orphan and the incumes of helpless beneficiaries of all kinds would be disastrously reduced. The depositors in savings banks and other institutions which hold in trust the savings of the poor, when their little accumulations are sealed down to meet the new order of things, would in their distress painfully realize the delusion of the promise made to them that plentiful money would improve their condition. We have now on hand all the silver dollars necessary to supply the present need of the people and to satisfy those who, from sentiment, wish to see them in circulation; and if their coinage is suspended, they can be readily obtained by those who desire them. If the need of more is at any time apparent, their coinage may be resumed. That disaster has not already overtaken us furnishes no proof that danger does not wait up n a continuation of the present silver coinage. We have been saved by the most careful management and unusual expedients, by a combination of fortunate conditions and by a confident expectation that the course of the Government in regard to silver coinage would be specially changed by the action of Congress. Prosperity hesitates upon our threshold, because of the dangers and uncertainties surrounding this question. Capital timidly shrinks from trade, and investors are unwilling to take chance of the questionable shape in which their money will be returned to them. While Enterprise halts at risk against which care and sagacious management do not protect. As a necessary consequence, labor lacks employment, and suffering and distress are visited upon a portion of our fellow citizens especially entitled to the careful consideration of those charged with the duties of legislation. No interest appeals to us so strongly for a safe and stable currency as the vast army of the unemployed. I recommend the suspension of the compulsory coinage of silver dollars directed by the law passed in February, 1878. INSPECTION OF STEAMBOATS. The Steamboat Inspection Service, on the 5th day of June 1888, was composed of 140 persons, including officers, clerks and messengers. The expense of the service over the receipts were $138,822.27. During the year the special inspection of foreign steam vessels, organized under the law passed in 1882 was maintained during the year at an expense of $386,416.30. Since the close of the fiscal year reductions have been made in the force employed, which are accumulating silver coin based upon our own peculiar ratio, to such an extent, and assuming so heavy a burden to be provided for in any international negotiations, as will render us an undesirable party to any future monetary conference of nations. IT IS A SIGNIFICANT FACT THAT FOUR OF THE FIVE COUNTS COMPOSING THE LAUNION Mentioned IN OUR COINAGE ACT, Embarked WITH THEIR SILVER Currency,HAVE JUST COMPLETED AN AGREEMENT AMONG THEMSELVES THAT NO MORE SILVER SHALL BE COINED BY THEIR RESPECTIVE GOVERNMENTS,and THAT SUCH AS HAS ALREADY BEEN COINED AND IN CIRCULATION SHALL BE Redeemed IN GOLD BY THE COUNTRY OF ITS COINAGE.The Resort TO THIS EXPEDIENT BY THESE COUNTS MAY WELL ARrest THE ATTENTION OF THOSE WHO SUPPOSE THAT WE CAN SUCCESS WITHOUT SHOCK OR INJury IN THE ATTEMPT TO CIRCULATE UPON ITS MERITS ALL THE SILVER WE MAY COIN UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF OUR SILVER COINAGE ACT. THE CONDITION IN WHICH OUR TREASURE MAY BE PLACED BY A PERSISTENCE IN OUR PRESENT COURSE IS A MATTER OF CONCEIER TO EVERY PATRIOTIC CITIZEN WHO DOES NOT DESIRE HIS GOVERNMENT TO PAY IN SILVER SUCH OF ITS OBJECTIONS AS Should Be Paid In Gold;nor Should Our Condition Be Such As To Oblige US In A PRUDENT MANAGEMENT AND UNUSUAL EXPEDITION,BY A COMBINATION OF FORTECORDIAL CONDITIONS AND BY A CONFIDENTIAL EXPECTATION THAT THE COURSE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN REGARD TO SILVER COINAGE Would BE SPECIALLY CHANGED BY THE ACTION OF CONGRESS.Prosperity Hesitates Upon Our Threshold,because Of The Dangers And Uncertainties Surrounding This Question.Capital Timidly Shrinks From Trade,and Investors Are Unwilling To Take Chance Of The Questionable Shape In Which Their Money Will Be Returned To Them.,While Enterprise Halts At Risk Against Which Care And Sagacious Management Do Not Protect.As A Necessary Consequence,Labor Lacks Employment,and Suffering And Distress Are Visited Upon A Portion Of Our Fellow Citizens Especially Entitled To The Careful Consideration Of Those Charred With The Duties Of Legislation.No Interest Appeals To Us So Strongly For A Safe And StableCurrency As The Vast Army Of The Unemployed.I Recommend The Suspension Of The Compulsory Coining Of Silver.Dollars Directed By The Law Passed In February,1878. INSPECTION OF STEAMBOATS. The Steamboat Inspection Service, onthe 5th dayofJune1888wascomposedof140personsincludingofficersclerksmessengers.Theexpenseoftheserviceoverthereceiptswere$138，822.27.Duringtheyearthespecialinspectionofforeignsteamvesselsorganizedunderthelawpassedin1882wasmaintainedduringtheyearattanexpenseof$386，41630.Sincethecloseofthefiscalyearreductionshavebeenmadeintheforceemployedwhichareaccumulatingsilvercoinbaseduponourownpeculiarratio,tosuchanearnicalratio,thepatientsmustassistthecountrymoneyintroductionanddiscussionwiththecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumberssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnnumbersssupplyingthecreditsofnnumbersssupplyingthe creditsofnnumbersssupplyingthe creditsofnnumbersssupplyingthe creditsofnnumbersssupplyingthe creditsoFnnumbersssupplyingthe creditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplyingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSSSupplayingThe CreditSoFnnumberSS SupplayingThe CreditSoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFn number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFsN number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFsN number SS Supplaying The Credit SoFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SS SuppLAYING THE CREDIT SOFsN number SSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREDITSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYINGTHECREditSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYIngTHECREditSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYIngTHECREditSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYIngTHECREditSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYIngTHECREditSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYIngTHECREditSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYIngTHECREditSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYIngTHECREditSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYIngTHECREditSOFSN.numberSDSSuppLAYIngTHECREditSOFSNSupportinglyTHROUGHALLNESSOFSTOPPEDBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENTANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYALEXANDERSONWITHHEARTFORBETTERMANAGEMENT ANDUNUSUALEXPEDITIONBYAlexandersonwishingtoprotecthimselffromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefromharmfulconditionsandunanticipationsofhisownlifefrom SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Are true to day: "The very man of all others who has the deep interest in a sound currency and who supersist by mischievous legislation in money matters is the man who carries his daily bread by his daily it." The most distinguished advocate of blime allison, discussing our silver coinage, has lately written: "No American citizen's hand has yet felt the sensation of cheapness either in receiving or expending the Silver Act dollars. And those who live by labor or legitimate trade never will feel that sensation of cheapness however plenty silver dollars may become. They will not be distributed as gifts among the people, and if the laboring man should receive four depreciated dollars where he now receives but two he will pay in the depreciated coin more than double the price he now pays for all the necessaries and comforts of life. Those who do not fear any disastrous consequences arising from the continued compulsory coinage of silver as now directed by law, and who suppose that the addition to the currency of the country intended as its result will be a public benefit, are reminded that history demonstrates that the point is easily reached in the attempt to host at the same time two sorts of money of different graces of excellence, when the better will cease to be in circulation. The hoarding of gold, which has already taken place, indicates that we shall not escape the usual experience in such cases. So, if this silver coinage be continued we may reasonably expect that gold and its equivalent will abandon the field of circulation to silver alone. This, of course, must produce a severe contraction of our circulating medium, instead of adding to it. It will not be disputed that any attempt on the part of the Government to cause the circulation of a silver dollar worth 50 cents side by side with a gold dollar worth 100 cents, even with the limit that legislation does not run contrary to the laws of trade, to be successful must be seconded by the confidence of the people that both coins will retain the same purchasing power and be interchangeable at will. Special effort has been made by the secretary of the Treasury to increase the amount of our silver coin in circulation but the fact that a large share of the limited amount thus put out has soon returned to the public treasury, in payment of duties, leads to the belief that the people do not now desire to keep it in hand; and this, with the evident disposition to hoard gold, gives rise to the suspicion that there already exists a lack of confidence among the people touching our financial processes. There is certainly not enough silver now in circulation to cause uneasiness, and the whole amount coined and now on hand might, after a time, be absorbed by the people without apprehension; but it is the ceaseless stream that threatens to overflow the land which causes fear and uncertainty. What has been thus far submitted upon this subject relates almost entirely to considerations of a home nature, unconnected with the bearing which THE POLICIES OF OTHER NATIONS Have upon the question; but it is perfectly fellow citizens especially entitled to the careful consideration of those charged with the duties of legislation. No interest appeals to us so strongly for a safe and stable currency as the vast army of the unemployed. I recommend the suspension of the compulsory coinage of silver dollars, directed by the law passed in February, 1878. INSPECTION OF STEAMBOATS. The Steamboat Inspection Service, on the 30th day of June 1885, was composed of 140 persons, including officers, clerks and messengers. The expense of the service over the receipts were $138,822.27. During the year the special inspection of foreign steam vessels, organized under the law passed in 1882, was maintained during the year at an expense of $368,416.30. Since the close of the fiscal year reductions have been made in the force employed, which will result in a saving during the coming year of $17,000, without affecting the efficiency of the service. MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICE. The Survevising Surgeon-General reports that during the fiscal year 41,714 patients have received relief through the Marine Hospital Service, of whom 12,860 were treated in hospitals, and 28,911 at dispensaries. Active and effective efforts have been made through the medium of this service to protect the country against an invasion of cholera, which has invaded France, and the smallpox which recently broke out in Canada. LIFE-SAVING SERVICE. The most gratifying results have attended the operations of the Life Saving Service during the past fiscal year. The observance of the provision of the law requiring the appointments of the force employed in the service to be made "solely with reference to their fitness and without reference to their political or party affiliations," has secured the results which may confidently be expected in any branch of public employment where such a rule is applied. As a consequence this service is composed of men well qualified for the performance of their dangerous and exceptionally important duties. The number of stations in commission at the close of the year was 203. The number of disasters to vessels and crafts of all kinds within their field of action was 371. The number of persons endangered in such disasters 2,439, of whom 2,425 were saved, and only eleven lost. Other lives which were imperiled, though not by disaster to shipping, were also rescued, and a large amount of property was saved through the aid of this service. The cost of its maintenance during the year was $828,474.43. COAST SURVEY. The work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey was during the last fiscal year carried on within the boundaries and off the coast of thirty-two States, two Territories and the District of Columbia. In July last-certain irregularities were found to exist in the management of this bureau, which led to a prompt investigation of its methods. The abuses which were brought to light by this examination, and reckless disregard of duty and the interests of the Government developed on the part of those connected with the service, made a change of superintendency and a few of its other officers necessary. Since the bureau has been in new hands the introduction of economy and the application of business methods have produced an important saving to the Government and a promise of SUPPLEMENT TO ANAHEIM GAZETTE of action in regard to not wisely be settled without considering the subject of other countries maintain intercourts trade and trade. Ah if this is found in the which our silver is conIt provides that the late the Governments of losing the Latin Union, each other European nation advisable, to join a conference to adopt between gold and silver, establishing, international metallic money and relative value between conference absolutely war fate has awaited all in the same direction: we our coinage of silver that of any other vital part of the Silver inoperative and unhoused an ally or friend, silver field in an illogical. COINAGE LAW RECOMMENDED. to the design of ConI have made a cared endeavor since the adast Congress. To this gentleman well influence to proceed to the Europe, and, in conMinisters to England, any, to obtain a full attitude and intent of respecting the establishment international ratio as free coinage of both of these countries and direction our Consulis given close attention of the Congress of the to indicate our interest and report its actions, brief, as the result of the attitude of the leaders substantially unconcerned conference of the questioned that the governments are in each by the weight of public thus taken have there demonstrated the use attempt at present on the subject. In the mean time we silver coin, based upon ratio, to such extent, heavy a burden to be international negotiator us an undesirable monetary conference it fact that four of the losing the La Union Coinage Act, embarsilver currency, have agreement among them silver shall be coined governments, and that they been coined and in redeemed in gold by coinage. The resort to these countries may well of those who suppose without shock or intending to circulate upon its more useful results. This service has never been regulated by anything but most indefinite legal enactments and the most unsatisfactory rules. It was many years ago sanctioned, apparently for a purpose regarded as temporary and related to a survey of our coast. Having gained a place in the appropriation made by Congress, it has gradually taken to itself powers and objects not contemplated in its creation and extended its operations until it sadly needs legislative attention. So far as a further survey of our coast is concerned, there seem to be a propriety in transferring that work to the Navy Department. The other duties now in charge of this establishment, if they cannot be profitably attached to some existing department or other bureau, should be prosecuted under a law actually defining their scope and purpose, and with a careful discrimination between the scientific inquiries which may properly be assumed by the Government and those which should be undertaken by State authorities or by individual enterprise. It is hoped that the report of the Congressional Committee herefore appointed to investigate this and other like matters will aid in the accomplishment of proper legislation on this subject. MILITARY MATTERS. The report of the Secretary of War is herewith submitted. The attention of Congress is invited to the detailed account which it contains of the administration of this department and his recommendations and suggestions for the improvement of the service. The army consisted, at the date of the last consolidated returns, of 2,194 officers and 24,703 enlisted men. The expenses of the department for the fiscal year ending June 10, 1855, including $1364,394 for public works and river harbor improvements, were $108,500. Besides the troops which were dispatched in pursuit of the small band of Indians who left their reservation in Arizona and committed murders and outrages two regiments of cavalry and one of infantry were sent last July to be Indian Territory to prevent an outbreak which seemed imminent. They remained to aid, if necessary, in the expulsion of intruders upon the reservation who have caused the discontent among the Indians, but the executive proclamation warning them to remove was complied with without interference. Troops were also sent to Rock Springs, in Wyoming Territory, after the mass reelection of the Chinese, to prevent further disturbances, and afward to Seattle, in Washington Territory, to avert a threatened attack upon Chinese laborers and a scene of domestic violence. In both cases the mere presence of the troops had the desired effect. DESERTIONS. It appears that the number of desertions have diminished, but that during the last fiscal year they numbered 2,957, and one instance is given by the Lieutenant-General of six desertions by the same recruit. I am convinced that this number of desertions can be much diminished by better discipline and treatment, but that the punishment should be increased for repeated offenses. These desertions might also be reduced by lessening the term of first enlistment, thus allowing a discontented recruit to contemplate a nearer discontinent in her construction, and further providing for the assessment of any damages to which the Government may be entitled on account of a partial failure to perform such contract or the payment of the sum still remaining unpaid upon her price. In case a full performance is adjudged. The contractor, by reason of his failure in business, being unable to complete the other three vessels they were taken possession of by the Government in their unfinished condition, under a clause in the contract permitting such a course, and are now in process of completion in the yard of the contractor, but under the supervision of the Navy Department. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NAVY. Congress in its last session authorized the construction of two additional new cruisers and two gunboats, at a cost not exceeding, in the aggregate, $2,995,000. The appropriation for this purpose having become available on the 1st day of July last steps were at once taken for the procurement of such plans for the construction of these vessels as would be likely to insure their usefulness when completed. This is of the utmost importance, considering the constant advance in the art of building vessels of this character, and the time is not lost which is spent in their careful consideration and selection. All must admit the importance of an effective navy to a nation like ours, having such an extended sea coast to protect. Yet we have not a single vessel of war that could keep the seas against a first-class vessel of any important Power. Such a condition ought not longer continue. The nation that cannot resist aggression is constantly exposed to it. Its foreign policy is, of necessity, weak, and its negotiations are conducted at a disadvantage because it is not in a condition to enforce the terms dictated by its sense of right and justice. ABUSES IN THE NAVY DEPARTMENT. Inspired as I am by the hope shared by all patriotic citizens, that the day is not far distant when our navy will be such as beets our standing among the nations of earth and rejoiced at every step that leads in direction such a consummation. I deem it my duty to especially direct the attention of Congress to the close of the report of the Secretary of Navy, in which the humiliating features of the present organization of this department is exhibited, and the startling abuses and waste of the present methods are exposed. The conviction is forced upon us, with the certainty of mathematical demonstration, that before we proceed further in the restoration of the navy we need a thoroughly reorganized Navy Depriment. The fact that within seventeen years more than $75,000,000 have been spent in construction, repairs, equipment and armament of vessels, and the further fact that instead of an effective and creditable fleet, we have only the discontent and apprehension of a nation undefended by war vessels, added to the disclosures now made, do not permit us to doubt that every attempt to revive our navy has thus far forthe most part been misdirected and all our efforts in that direction have been little better than blind gropings and expensive aimless follies. Unquestionably, if we are content with the maintenance of a Navy Department simply as annament to the Government,a constant watchfulness may It appears that the number of desertions have diminished, but that during the last fiscal year they numbered 2,977 and one instance is given by the Lieutenant-General of six desertions by the same recruit. I am convinced that this number of desertions can be much diminished by better discipline and treatment, but that the punishment should be increased for repeated offenses. These desertions might also be reduced by lessening the term of first enlistment, thus allowing a discontinent recruit to contemplate a nearer discharge and the army's profitable riddle after one term of service. Are enlistments would be quite apt to secure a contented recruitment and a good soldier. COURTS-MARTIAL. The acting Judge Advocate General reports that the number of trials by general court martial during the year was 2,358 and that 11,551 trials took place before garison and regimental courts-martial. The suggestion that probably more than half the army has been tried for offenses, great and small, in one year may well arrest attention. Of course, many of these trials before garison and regimental courts-martial were for offenses almost trivolons, and there should. I think, be a way devised to dispose of these in a more summary and less inconvenient manner than by court-martial. If some of the proceedings of courts-martial, which I have had occasion to examine, present the ideas of the law which generally prevail in the tribunals, I am satisfied that they should be much reformed if the honor and honesty of the army and navy are by their instrumentality to be vindicated and protected. The Board on Fortifications and Other Defenses, an enacted in pursuance of the provisions of the Act of Congress approved March 3, 1854, will in a short time present their report and it is hoped that this may greatly aid the legislation so necessary to remedy the present defense less condition of our sea coast. SIGNAL SERVICE. The work of the Signal Service has been prosecuted during the last year with results of increasing benefit to the country. The field of operations has been enlarged with a view of adding to its usefulness. The number of stations in operation June 30, 1853, was 189. Telegraphie lists are received daily from 100 stations. Reports are also received from 75 Canadian stations. 30 volunteer observers. 12 army surgeons at military posts and 35 foreign stations. The expense of the service during the fiscal year, after detaining the receipts from military telegraph lines, was $79,327.97. In view of the fact referred to by the Secretary of War, the work of this service ordinarily is of a scientific nature, and further, the fact that it is assuming larger proportions constantly and becoming more and more unattended to the fixed rules which must govern the army, I am inclined to agree with him in the opinion that it should be separately established. If this be done, the scope and extent of its operations should, as nearly as possible, be definitely prescribed by law and always be capable of exact ascertainment. WEST POINT ACADEMY. The Military Academy of West Point is reported as being in a high state of efficiency and well equipped for the satisfactory accomplishment of the purposes of its maintenance. The fact that the class which graduates year is an unusually large one has constrained me to decide to make appointments to Second Lieutenants in the army from civil life so that such vacancies as exist in these places may be reserved for such graduates and yet it is not probable that there will be enough vacancy to provide positions for them all while they leave the military school. Under prevailing law and usage, those not assigned to duty never actively enter the military service. It is suggested that the law on this subject be changed so that such young men as are not assigned to duty after graduation may be retained as Second Lieutenants in the army, if they desire it, subject to assignment when opportunity MONEY ORDERS. I approve the recommendation of the certainty of mathematical demonstration, that before we proceed further in the restoration of the navy we need a thoroughly reorganized Navy fleet timent. The fact that within seventeen years more than $75,000,000 have been spent in the construction, equipment and armament of vessels, and the further fact that instead of an effective and creditable fleet, we have only the discontent and apprehension of a nation undefended by war vessels, added tothe disclosures now made, do not permit us to doubt that every attempt to revive our navy has thus far for the most part been misdirected and all our efforts in that direction have been little better than blind gropings and expensive aimless follies. Unquestionably, if we are content with the maintenance of a Navy Department simply as an ornament to the Government, a constant watchfulness may prevent some of the scandal and abuses which have found their way into our present organization, and its incurrable waste may be reduced to a minimum, but if we desire to build ships for present use, instead of naval reminders of the days that are past, we must have a department organized for the work supplied with all the talent and ingenuity our country affords, and prepared to take advantage of other nations. Our efforts must be systematized so that all effort shall unite and lead in one direction, and fully imbued with the conviction that war vessels are useless, unless they combine all that the insufficiency of man has up to this day brought forth relating to their construction. I cannotly recommend the portion of the Secretary's report devoted to this subject to the attention of congress, in hope that the suggestions touching the reorganization of his department may be adopted as the first step toward the reconstruction of our navy. POSTOFFICE. The condition of the affairs of the postal service is exhibited by the report of the Postmaster-General, which will be laid before you. The postal revenue, the rates of gain of which upon the rising prosperity of 1882 and 1883 outstripped the increasing expense of our growing service, was checked by the reduction in the rate of letter postage which took effect with the beginning of October in the latter year, and it diminished during the two past fiscal years $1,790,000. In the proportion of $2,170,000 in 1884, to $200,000 in 1886. The natural growth and development of the service have meantime increased the expenditure, resulting in a deficiency in the revenue as compared with the expenses of the department of $5,250,000 for the year 1884, and $8,333,000 in the last fiscal year. The anticipated and natural revival of the revenue has been opposed and retarded by the unfavorable business condition of the country, of which the postal service is a faithful indicator. The gratifying fact is shown; however, by the report that our returning prosperity is marked by a gain of $880,000 in the revenue of the latter half of the last year overthe corresponding period of the preceding year. The change in the weight of first-class matter, which may be carried for a single rate of postage from a half ounce to an ounce, and the reduction by one-half of the rate of newspaper postage, which, under recent legislation, begun with the current year, will operate to restrain the augmentation of receipts, which otherwise might have been expected to such a degree that the scale of expense may gain upon the revenue and cause an increased deficiency to be shown at its close, yet after no long period of resawaken prosperity, by proper economy, it is confidently anticipated that even the present low rates now as favorable as any country affords will be adequate to sustain cost ofthe service. The operation of the Postoffice Department is forthe convenience and benefitofthe people,andthemethodbywhichtheypaythechargesofthisusefularmofthepublicservicesohatitbejustandimpartialis,theoflessimportationtohemthantheeconomicalexpenditureofthemeanstheyprovidefirmsmaintenanceandthedueimprovementofitsagenciessothattheymayenjoyitshighestusualusefulness.Aproperattentionhasbeen directedtothepreventionofwasteorextravaganceandgoodresultsappearfromthereporttohavealreadybeenaccomplished. Subscribe manager higher education actually. Sented by republicans they owe suitages set attheinstitutionandthedieshomeguardedparentalparentofpolygamyholdingontheTerritoryonecountyactually. And each clusive shedstheuniverserviewwithinhirecircle. Crushed polygamythebestwivesandpariotismaction,Athemanmarriagewithhisintherepectforfiance. PolygamogythispractitionitisitwouldbenorelationofIshouldbediscernedofthisbig. The Prepared United States torneys,thechangedpresentmaintainsarefoundations. The PresidedIndianreadytouseSecretaryingthefairIndianaaspresidentofaLawsinexcademebasedtobecarefultimeofasubjectGovernmenttheseexternetterminingbalfofsituationsupportasoranyresultandinainsumationforIndia. STEAMBOATS. Inspection Service, on the 1885, was composed of officers, clerks and expense of the servants, organized under the command of the supension of silver dollars law passed in February. SPECIAL INSPECTION OF SERVICES, organized under the case of $384,416.30. Since year reductions have occurred during the coming out affecting the efficiency. SURGEON-General re-fiscal year 41,714 paid relief through the service, of whom 12,836 hospitals, and 28,911 at home and effective efforts through the medium of the country against which has invaded all pox which recently. ING SERVICE. Bringing results have attained the Life Saving past fiscal year. The provision of the law remotes of the force employs to be made solely their fitness and without political or party affiliation. The results which may be cited in any branch of where such a rule isquence this service is well qualified for the their dangerous and exertive duties. The nummer commission at the close number of disas-scripts of all kinds withon was 371. The nummer engaged in such disas-scripts were saved, and other lives which were not by disaster to ship-recued, and a large y was saved through service. The cost of its year was $828. SURVEY. Coast and Geodetic Survival fiscal year carried out on the coast two Territories and Bombia. In July last year were found to exist in this bureau, which led to methods of its methods, were brought to light, and reckless disre-tries of the Gov't on the part of those service, made a change and a few of its other Since the bureau has as the introduction of application of business secured an important savement and a promise of COMPENSATION. The Act approved March 3, 1885, designated to compensate officers and enlisted men for loss of private property while in the service of the United States, is so indemnite in its terms, and apparently admitts of so many claims, the adjustment of which could not have been contemplated, that if it be allowed to remain on the statute book it needs amendment. BRIDGES OVER NAVIGABLE STREAMS. There should be a general law of Congress prohibiting the construction of bridges over navigable waters in such manner as to obstruct navigation, with provisions for preventing the same. It seems that under the existing statutes the Government cannot intervene to prevent such a construction when entered upon without its consent, though when such consent is asked and granted, upon such condition its right to do so is clean. Thus it is represented that while the officers of the Government are with great care guarding against the obstruction of navigation by a bridge across the Mississippi river at St. Paul, a large pier for a bridge has been built just below th' place, directly in the navigable channel of the river. If such things are to be permitted a strong argument is presented against the appropriation of large sums of money to improve the navigation of this and other important highways of commerce. NAVAL AFFAIRS. The report of the Secretary of the Navy gives a history of the operations of his department, and the present condition of the work committed to his charge. He details in full the course pursued by him to protect the rights of the Government in respect to certain vessels unfinished at the time of his accession to office, and also concerning the dispatch boat Dolphin, claimed to be completed and waiting the acceptance of the department. No one can fail to see from the recital contained in his report that only the application of business principles has been insisted upon in the treatment of these subjects, and that whatever controversy has arisen was caused by the action on the part of the department of contract obligations, as they were legally construed. In the case of the Dolphin, with entire justness to the contractor, an agreement has been entered into providing for the ascertainment by a judicial inquiry of the complete or partial compliance with proper economy, it is confidently anticipated that even the present low rates now as favorable as any country affords will be adequate to sustain the cost of the service. The operation of the Postoffice Department is for the convenience and benefit of the people, and the method by which they pay the charges of this useful arm of the public service, so that it be just and impartial, is of less importance to them than the economical expenditure of the means they provide for its maintenance and due improvement of its agencies so that they may enjoy its highest usefulness. A proper attention has been directed to the prevention of waste or extravagance and good results appear from the report to have already been accomplished. MONEY ORDERS. I approve the recommendation of the Postmaster-General to reduce the charges on domestic money orders of $5 and less from eight to five cents. This charge will materially aid those of our people who most of all avail themselves of this instrumentality, burto whom the element of cheapness is of the greatest importance. With this reduction the system would still remain self-supporting. FREE-DELIVERY SERVICE. The free-delivery system has been extended to nineteen additional cities during the year, and 178 towns and cities now enjoy its conveniences. Experience has commended it to those who enjoy its benefits, and the further enlargement of its facilities is due to other communities to which it is adapted. In the cities where it has been established, taken together, the local postage exceeds its maintenance by nearly $1,500,000. The limit to which this system is now confined by law has been nearly reached, and the reasons given justify the extension which is proposed. FOREIGN MAIL SERVICE. It was decided, with my approbation, after a sufficient examination, to be inexpedient for the Postoffice Department to contract for carrying our foreign mails under the additional authority given by the last Congress. The amount limited was inadequate to pay all within the purview of the law—the full rate of fifty cents per mile—and it would be unjust and unwise to have given it to some and denied it to others; nor could contracts have been let under the law to all at a rate to have brought the aggregate within the appropriation without such a practical pre-arrangement of terms as would have violated it. The rate of sea and inland postage, which was proffered under another statute, clearly appears to be a fair compensation for the desired service, being three times the price necessary to secure transportation by other vessels upon any route, and much beyond the charges made to private persons for services not more burdensome. Some of the steamship companies upon the refusal of the Postmaster-General to attempt, by the means provided, the distribution of the sum appropriated as an extra compensation, with drew the services of their vessels, and thereby occasioned a slight inconvenience, though no considerable injury. The mails have been dispatched by other means. Whatever may be thought of the policy of subsidizing any line of public conveyance or travel, I am satisfied that it should not be done under cover of an expenditure incident to the administration of department, nor should there be any uncertainty as to the recipients of the subsidy, or any discretion left to an executive officer as to M GAZETTE. INTERNATIONAL POSTAL UNION. The International Congress of delegates from the Postal Union countries convened in Lisbon, in Portugal, in February last, and after a session of some weeks the delegates signed a convention amending of the present postal union convent on views, in some particulars designed to advance its purpose. This additional act has had my approval, and will be laid before you with the departmental report. I approve the recommendation of the Postmaster-General that another assistant be provided for his department. I invite your consideration to the several other recommendations contained in his report. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. The report of the Attorney-General contains a history of the conduct of the Department of Justice during the last year and a number of valuable suggestions as to needed legislation, and I invite your careful attention to the same. The condition of business in the Courts of the United States is such that there seems to be an imperative necessity for remedial legislation on the subject. Some of the Courts are so overcrowded with pending causes that the delays in determining litigation amount often to a denial of justice. Among the plans suggested for relief is one submitted by the Attorney-General. Its main features are the transfer of all the original jurisdiction of the Circuit Courts to the District Courts, and an increase of Judges for the later, when necessary; an addition of Judges to the Circuit Courts and constituting them exclusively Courts of Appeal and reasonably limiting appeals therein; further restrictions of the right to remove a cause from the State to the Federal Courts, permitting appeals to the Supreme Court from Courts of the District of Columbia and from the Territories only in the same cases as they are allowed from State Courts, and guarding against an unnecessary number of appeals from the Circuit Courts. I approve the plan thus outlined, and recommend that legislation be had necessary for its application to our judicial system. MORMONS AND POLYGAMY. In the Territory of Utah the law of the United States passed for the suppression of polygamy has been energetically and faithfully executed during the past year with measurable good results. A number of convictions have been secured for unlawful cohabitation. In some cases pleas of guilty have been entered, and a slight punishment imposed on a promise, by the accused, that they would not again offend against the law nor advise, counsel, aid or abet in any way its violation by others. The Utah Commissioners express the opinion, based upon such information as they are able to obtain, that but few polygamous marriages have taken place in the Territory during the last year. They further report that while there cannot be found upon the registration lists of voters the name of a man actually guilty of polygamy, and while none of that class are its distribution. If such gifts of public money are to be made for the purpose of aiding any enterprise in the supposed interest of the public, I cannot but think that the amount to be paid to the beneficiary might better be determined by Congress than by any other way. DIED OF OVERWORK. "Only forty-five years old with strong, well developed physique, but overworked himself and succumbed to nervous prostration."—[Bulletin, October 21st. Hardly a day passes but this same mournful story is repeated. Our most talented and intellectual men, whose names are synonymous of all that is noble and estimable, are passing away in the prime of life, almost without warning, seemingly healthy and strong. Society wonders at the sudden call—"nervous prostration" is the only answer to the question, "What killed him?" When shall we learn that the physical and nervous system are separate and distinct entities—that one may thrive and the other starve; that perfect health can only be obtained by an harmonious adaptation of one with the other. Look at the boys and girls of our city. That the girls are beautiful we acknowledge, but whence do they derive their spirituelle nature? From nothing but the fragility of their nervous system; sure victims in future of neuralgia and female complaints. Look at the boys: Their legs and hollow chests, almost every one with a poisonous cigarette in his mouth. We say poisonous. Tobacco will not do; they must have belladonna, stramonium and opium. Cigarettes are made to meet the demand of an irritable nervous system, and the sale is enormous—forty millions last year. Now from these esthetic youths of both sexes must come the future generations. The girls pallid and feeble, unit for the duties of maternity; the boys lacking that vitality to which we owe the most exalted and ennobling joys of healthy and intellectual offspring; serve at the end of a few years to fall into the hands of emprices, in the hope of a restoration—vain hope. The history of half of our intellectual men is a history of wasted vitality. Entirely engrossed in their efforts for the attainment of wealth, ambition, or position, the springs of vital force become exhausted, and they fail victims to, perhaps, worthy purposes. If our young boys thus hunger after the sedative cigarette, our older ones fly to alcohol. Why should whisky shops so flourish in our city if not to meet a public demand? They are typical of a want for something by which may be quieted that excitement consequent upon the diseased condition of our motive faculties and passions. The desire for strong drink is not so much a habit as a necessity. Temperance lecturers may sound their slogan at every corner, preachers may hurl denunciation from the pulpit, but an exhausted nervous system knows no God, no hell—nothing but its own imperative need for the sustaining draught, poison though it be. Now, for this condition of things there should be a remedy. Words of warning may be of no avail, but we utter them. Less hours of brain labor, less worry over the attainment of some fixed purpose, more out-of-door exercise, more sleep, the use of some tonic containing no alcohol, to In the Territory of Utah the law of the United States passed for the suppression of polygamous marriage has been energetically and faithfully executed during the past year with measurable good results. A number of convictions have been secured for unlawful cohabitation. In some cases pieces of guilty have been entered, and a slight punishment imposed on a promise, by the accused, that they would not again offend against the law nor advise, counsel, aid or abet in any way its violation by others. The Utah Commissioners express the opinion, based upon such information as they are able to obtain, that but few polygamous marriages have taken place in the territory during the last year. They further report that while there cannot be found upon the registration lists of voters the name of a man actually guilty of polygamy, and while none of that class are holding office, yet at the last election in the Territory all the officers elected, except in one county, were men who, though not actually living in the PRACTICE OF POLYGAMY. Subscribe to the doctrine of polygamous marriage as a divine revelation and a law higher and more binding upon the conscience than any human law, local or national. Thus the strange spectacle is presented of a community protected by a republican form of government, to which they owe allegiance, sustaining, by their suitage, a principle and a belief which sets ataught the obligation of absolute co谊ience to the law of the land which lies at the foundation of all republican institutions. The strength, the perpetuity and the destiny of the nation rest upon our homes established by the law of God, guarded by parental care, regulated by parental authority, and sanctified by parental love. These are not the homes of polygamy, the mothers of our land who rule the nation as they mold the characters and guide the actions of their sons, live according to GOOD'S HOLY ORDINANCE. And each pure and happy in the exclusive love of the father of her children, sheds the warm light of true womanhood unperverted and unpolluted upon all within her pure and wholesome family circle. These are not the cheerless crushed and unwomanly moors of polygamy. The fathers of our families are the best citizens of the republic; their wives and children are the sources of patriotism and conjugal and parental affection, and beget devotion to the country. The man who is undeified with a plural marriage, surrounded in his single home with his wife and children has a stake in the country which inspires him with respect for its laws and courage for its defense. These are not the fathers of polygamous families. There is no feature of this practice or the system which sanctions it which is not opposed to all that is value in our institutions. There should be no relaxation in the firm but just execution of the law now in operation, and I should be glad to approve such further discretion legislation as will rid this country of this blot upon its fame. PAY OF U.S. MARSHALS. The present mode of compensation of United States Marshals and District Attorneys, the message declares, should be changed to fixed salaries. Under the present method unscrubulous marshals are found encouraging frivolous prosecutions. INDIAN AFFAIRS. The President deals at great length with the Indian question citing the facts already touched upon in the report to the Secretary of the Interior. After reviewing the facts a out the educa tion of the Indians and their tribal relations, the President says: "I recommend the passage of a law authorizing the appointment of six commissioners, three of whom shall be detailed from the army; to be charged with the duty of a careful inspection, from time to time, of all Indians upon our reservations or subject to the care and control of the Government with a view of discovering their exact condition and needs and determining what steps should be taken on behalf of the Government to relieve their situation in the direction of their self-support and complete civilization; to ask air from such inspection what if any reservations may be reduced in area, and in such cases what part not needed for Indian occupation may be purchased city if not to meet a public demand? They are typical of a want for something by which may be quieted that excitement consequent upon the diseased condition of our motive faculties and passions. The desire for strong drink is not so much a habit as a necessity. Temperance lecturers may sound their slogan at every corner, preachers may hurl denunciation from the pulpit, but an exhausted nervous system knows no God, no hell—nothing but its own imperative need for the sustaining draught, poison though it be. Now, for this condition of things there should be a remedy. Words of warning may be of no avail, but we utter them. Less hours of brain labor, less worry over the attainment of some fixed purpose, more out-of-door exercise, more sleep, use of some tonic containing no alcohol, to the exclusion of all stimulants, and the worn and feeble nervous system will regain its energy, and the happy life may extend itself to the utmost limit. And this tonic—free from stimulants, a perfect food for and sustainer of the nervous system, whose use will supply the place of tobacco and whisky—is Dujardin's Life Essence. AGUE-SHAKEN SUFFERERS Who resort to Hostetter's Stomach Bitters, experience speedier and more complete relief than they can hope to do by the use of quinine. This well authenticated fact is of itself sufficient to have established a high reputation for the Bitters. But the article is not a specific merely for the various forms of material disease, it endows the system with a degree of vigor, and reforms its irregularities with a certainty that constitutes its best defence against disorders of the stomach, liver and bowels, specially rife where the atmosphere and water are miasma tainted. Fever and ague, bilious remittent, dumb ague and ague cake are remedied and prevented by it, and it also removes dyspepsia, constipation, rheumatism, etc. Take this medicine on the first indication that the system is out of order, and rest assured that you will be grateful for the hint. PHOTO WOOD METAL Best Work at the lowest prices at PALMER & REY'S, 405 and 407 Sansome St., San Francisco The One Thing Needful. DUJARDIN'S LIFE ESSENCE. For weak stomach, impaired digestion, any form of debility and any affection of the lungs, a few doses will act like magic, and will work wonders in most important organs in the human LIFE ESSENCE. For weak stomach, impaired digestion, any form of debility and any affection of the lungs, a few doses will act like magic, and will work wonders in the most important organs in the human machine. It strengthens the whole muscular system, restores the long lost complexion, brings back the keen edge of appetite, and arouses into action the whole physical energy of the human frame. THESE ARE FACTS! Admitted by thousands, embracing all classes of society, and the best guaranty to the nervous and debilitated is that Dujardin's Life Essence Has the Largest Sale of ny Medicine FOR THE CURE OF DEBILITY! The BUYERS' GUIDE is issued Sept. and March, each year. 43-256 pages, 8½ x 11½ inches, with over 3,500 illustrations—a whole Picture Gallery. GIVES Wholesale Prices direct to consumers on all goods for personal or family use. Tells how to order, and gives exact cost of everything you use, eat, drink, wear, or have fun with. These INVALUABLE BOOKS contain information gleaned from the markets of the world. We will mail a copy FREE to any address upon receipt of 10 etc. to defray expense of mailing. Let us hear from you. Respectfully, MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. 227 & 229 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Ill.