anaheim-gazette 1879-11-21

ANAHEIM VOL. 10. WEEKLY GAZETTE. Established 1870. Richard Melrose, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: One year... $2.00 12 months... 1.50 three months... 1.00 TRANSIENT ADVERTISING: L. GUNTHER. Pioneer Boot and Shoe Maker, Cor. Adale and Los Angeles streets. ANAHEIM. GEORGE BAUER, BOOT AND SHOE MAKER, Los Angeles Street. MAKING AND REPAIRING AT THE LOWEST mach price. All orders promptly attended to All work guaranteed. CHARLES WILLE, COOPERAGE. REDUCTION IN PRICES! AT THE LUMBER YARD PLANING, SAWING, AND MOULDING MILLS. OF A. Guy Smith & Co. Anaheim, NEAR THE RAILROAD DEPOT All Varieties of Pine, Redwood, and Spruce LUMBER Doors, Bashes, and Blinds, Grape Boxes, Boxes, Bee-Hives, and Fruit Dryers. Builders' Hardware and Nails Plain and Fancy SCROLL SAWING at Short Notice. RAIN RECORD We are indebted to Poor for the following record of heim for the past nine years, that the average fall has beone-half inches per year: YEAR First Rain. 1870-71 Oct. 23 1871-72 Nov. 25 1872-73 Dec. 23 1872-74 Nov. 19 1874-75 Oct. 1875-76 Nov. 2 1876-77 Oct. 1877-78 Oct. 29 1878-79 Oct. 15 The Signal Service Burrow cisco has compiled the follo Pioneer Boot and Shoe Maker, Cor. Adelaide and Los Angeles streets. ANAHEIM. GEORGE BAUER, BOOT AND SHOE MAKER, Los Angeles Street. Making and Repairing at the Lowest mash prices. All orders promptly attended to All work guaranteed. CHARLES WILLE, COOPERAGE. Pipe, Barrels and kegs on hand at all times. Tanks and Take made to order. Honev Barrels for mile cheap. MILES BROS. Warehouse and Commission Merchants. All arrangements of produce shipped through us will be sold at the highest market rates. Liberal mash advances will be made. Backs, twine and hale rope sold at low figures. Agents for all kinds of farming implements. Also agent for the Phoenix and Home Insurance Co.'s Office at Warehouse, near Railroad depot. ANAHEIM DrugStore IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE LARGE DEPOSITS of Gold and Silver lately discovered in the mountains close to Anaheim, the proprietor of the Anaheim Drug Store (established in 1870 by the learned Dr. D'Assonville, and so many years successfully carried on by Horman Blanken, Eaq.) has made arrangements with an eminent German Chemist from the University of Leipzig to take charge of the Anaheim Drug Store. This gentleman will Assay any Samples of Ore And appraise precious stones for a small fixed sum, and during his leisure fill prescriptions at San Franciese prices. The Anaheim Drug Store, Lemon St. CITY DRUG STORE! Ferguson & Lake, Prop's. Centre Street (Opposite Planters' Hotel). ANAHEIM. A choice variety of perfumery, toilet articles, etc. pure and fresh Drugs, patent medicines, etc. Physical prescriptions carefully compounded at all hours. F. & J. BACKS. Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in Furniture, Bedding, Paper Nangings. Picture Frames, etc. UNDERTAKERS. Agents for the VICTOR SEWING MACHINE. Los Angeles Street, : Anaheim. WASHINGTON Meat Market! CENTRE STREET, ANAHEIM, LEONARD & DROWN, NEAR THE RAILROAD DEPOT All Varieties of Pine, Redwood, and Spruce LUMBER Doors, Bashes, and Blinds, Grape, Boxes, Boxes, Bee-Hives, and Fruit Dryers. Builders' Hardware and Nails Plain and Fancy SCROLL SAWING at Short Notice Anaheim Grist Mill! Grain, Feed, Meal, etc., of all Varieties. CORN SHELLED AND SHIPPED. ANAHEIM STORAGE WAREHOUSE. GRAIN, WOOL, AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE TAKEN ON STORAGE. GRAIN BACKS and TWINE constantly on hand. CONSIGNMENTS SOLICITED Of all kinds of PRODUCE. Advances made, MERCHANDISE forwarded and sold on Commission in best Marketa. EVANS BROS HAVE OPENED THE FAIRVIEW STORE And will keep constantly on hand FRESH GROCERIES, ETC They hope by fair dealing and low prices to merit their share of the public patronage. J. BENNERSCHEIDT, —Proprietor of the Anaheim Tin Shop, Centre Street, Anaheim; Begs to inform his friends and the public that his stock of Tin, Copper and Sheet-iron Ware, and HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, is now complete in every respect. The best Stoves the market, including The Medallion Range, Superior and other Stoves Geared Honey Extractors, Strainers, Tanks and Cans, Pumps, Water and Gas pipe all sizes and Fittings. Artesian Well Pipe a Specialty and a good fit guarantee. Jobbing done promptly and at low rates. Parties in want of anything in the above line will find it to their advantage to call and examine my stock and prices. Real Estate Agency! Los Angeles and San Benito WASHINGTON Meat Market! CENTRE STREET, ANAHEIM, LEONARD & DROWN, PROPRIETORS. The patronage of the people solicited. SPEAR, MEADE & CO [Businesses to Littlefield, Webb & Co.] 316 and 318 Washington St., San Francisco HANDLE... Grain, Honey, Potatoes AND ALL KINDS OF PRODUCE SOLELY ON COMMISSION. Retains Promptly and Accurately Rendered ...HEADQUARTERS FOR.... CALIFORNIA RAISINS, NUTS Green and Dried Fruits. Correspondence and Consignments Sollicited MILLINERY! FUNDING IT IMPOSSIBLE TO GET MY BUSINESS set up so as to be off to Arizona before Christmas, I have purchased a very choice line of FALL MILLINERY, Which I am offering at Prices within the reach of all A cordial invitation is extended to all to come and examine goods and compare prices with other places. MRS. FLORA BROWN, Center Street, Anaheim. THIS PAPER may be found on file at GLOU P. ROWELL & CO'S Newspaper Advertising Bureau (10 Spruce Street), where advertising contracts may be made for it in NEW YORK. HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, is now complete in every respect. The best Stoves the market, including The Medallion Range, Superior and other Stoves Geared Honey Extractors, Strainers, Tanks and Cans, Pumps, Water and Gas pipe all sizes and Fittings. Artesian Well Pipe a Specialty and a good fit guaranteed. Jobbing done promptly and at low rates. Parties in want of anything in the above line will find it to their advantage to call and examine my stock and prices. Real Estate Agency! Los Angeles and San Bernardino Ranchos. THE UNDERSIGNED HAVING OPENED A REAL Estate Office in the Planters' Hotel, Anaheim, respectively suggests to those who contemplate the purchase of land that they will consult their own interest by calling at this agency and securing information regarding choice tracts of improved and unimproved land which have been placed in my hands for sale. I can show intending purchasers some of the finest tracts of agricultural land in Southern California, and I especially draw attention to the fact that I only deal in lands to which the title is unquestionably good. When not personally present in my office, visitors will receive the attentions of Mr. John Hanna, who will cheerfully give every information desired. For the purpose of examining the different tracts of land, carriages will always be in readiness to convey parties to the place desired. Commission Agency. Connected with my real estate business I have established a commission agency, and will buy and sell on commission all kinds of grain and produce, also horse, cattle, sheep and hogs. Loans negotiated on reasonable terms. Notice. ALL OWNERS OF STOCK OF ANY KIND, HORSE, cattle, sheep or hogs, are hereby cautioned against allowing their animals to ranore on the Stearns' Barnes, without authority from the undersigned, as they will be prosecuted against for so doing, as trespassers, under the No Peace Act. Under no circumstances will hogs be permitted to range on the said barnes. All parties are also cautioned against cutting and removing from and ranching wood of any kind, either for firewood or furnishing purposes, and are hereby notified that the section of the Trussane Law relative to such acts, will be rigidly enforced against them. J.K.TUFFREE. Agent for housing unold lands on the Stearns' Ranchos, for pastureage. Office in Planters' Hotel, Center St. Anaheim. Wheat!! Sugar Beet!! THE STEARNS' RANCHOS. IMPORTANT TO FARMERS—The undersigned is prepared to lease or sell on extremely favorable terms land adapted to the culture of wheat or sugar beets. It is his desire to foster these industries by every means in his power, and farmers who will agree to cultivate the above named crops the coming year will receive special terms by applying to me at my office on Los Angeles Street, Anaheim. J.K.TUFFREE. WEEKLY CIM GAZI ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA: FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1879. RAIN RECORD. We are indebted to Postmaster Higgins for the following record of rainfall in Anaheim for the past nine years. It will be seen that the average fall has been about ten and one-half inches per year: | YEAR | FIRST RAIN | RAINY DAYS | TOTAL FALL | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 1870-71 | Oct 23 | 21 | 51 | | 1871-72 | Nov 25 | 19 | 164 | | 1872-73 | Dec 23 | 15 | 9 | | 1872-74 | Nov 19 | 33 | 151 | | 1874-75 | Oct - | 18 | 13 | | 1875-76 | Nov 2 | 32 | 144 | | 1876-77 | Oct - | 12 | 41 | | 1877-78 | Oct 29 | 44 | 174 | | 1878-79 | Oct 15 | 13 | 41 | The Signal Service Bureau in San Francisco has compiled the following table: | YEAR | First Rain. | Rainy Season began | total fall. | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 1851-52 | Sept 6 | Dec 19 | 18.44 | | 1852-53 | Oct 28 | Nov 9 | 35.26 | | 1853-54 | Sept 15 | Jan 12 | 28.87 | | 1854-55 | Oct 4 | Dec 31 | 23.68 | | 1855-56 | Nov 10 | Nov 10 | 21.66 | | 1856-57 | Sept 10 | Nov 15 | 19.81 | | 1857-58 | Oct 6 | Nov 24 | 19.81 | | 1858-59 | Oct 21 | Dec 4 | 22.22 | | 1859-60 | Nov 9 | Nov 9 | 22.27 | | 1860-61 | Oct 4 | Dec 6 | 20.72 | | 1861-62 | Nov 1 | Nov 10 | 20.27 | | 1862-63 | Nov 5 | Dec 18 | 12.62 | | 1863-64 | Sept 19 | Nov 11 | 10.08 | | 1864-65 | Nov 15 | Nov 23 | 24.73 | | 1865-66 | Sept 24 | Nov 13 | 22.93 | | 1866-67 | Nov 3 | Nov 16 | 34.92 | | 1867-68 | Sept 14 | Nov 19 | 38.84 | | 1868-69 | Oct 1 | Dec 17 | 31.35 | | 1869-70 | sept.1 | Dec.7 | 39.31 | | 1870-71 | Nov.4 | Dec.2 | 34.16 | | 1871-72 | Oct.27 | Dec.16 | 34.71 | | 1872-73 | Sept.17 | Nov.28 | 34.02 | | 1873-74 | Oct.6 | Dec.3 | 23.98 | | 1874-75 | Sept.3 | Oct.8 | 18.40 | | 1875-76 | Oct.26 | Nov.1. | 26.01 | | 1876-77 | Sept.4 | Oct.16 | 30.00 | | 1877-78 | Oct.21 | Nov.1 | 31.12 | Matters on Las Bolsas. U.S. Marshal Poole and Deputy Sheriff Barham have been on Las Bolsas daily during the week. The time is fast approaching when such of the settlers as do not intend to buy must remove from the ranch. Up to date, sixty-five of the settlers have signified their intention of becoming purchasers. Marshal Poole apprehends not the slightest difficulty in putting the successful claimants in possession of the rancho, and speaks gratefully of the kind treatment and reception accorded him by the settlers. The latter, also, have no ground to complain of their treatment since the legal decision against them. The Land Company have not sought to annoy or distress them in any way, but on the contrary have given them the widest latitude. The following, from the Guadalupe (San Luis Obispo Co.) Telegraph, shows the destination of some of the settlers: There are forty families on their way from the Los Bolsas rancho, Los Angeles county, to occupy portions of Buell's rancho, in this county, as renters, with the intention of purchasing in the Fall, and from thirty to forty other families are moving from different portions of the county, with the same intentions. Thanksgiving Proclamation. Governor Irwin has issued his proclamation appointing a day of thanksgiving as follows: In harmony with the proclamation of the President of the United States, designating a day of national thanksgiving and prayer, to the argument loss a tree root or orchard. As an noxious vapor, promoting and detaining and neutralizing it is also difficult in form as its top to a much wind breaker, but one row is placed apart. It is too old of the last few ten acres with a for wind breaks ber have set on trees, and so far ed, it does very well in worthless other tree of foliage. The prevalent devoting their production of one adopted by one leading though nook and corn trees, I believe one that will divide the ranch lemons, limes, granates, etc., supply of apples small fruits, blackberries, always be able find a demand market. Our fear cannot allow to orange cultivation and eat men, should be that will ever exist. Correspondence El Monte and Savannah. Editor Gazette:—I am aware that it is quite a task to undertake to write up the history, as it were, of almost any neighborhood or section of country, and unless a person has settled as a pioneer, it is a difficult task. On inquiry of reliable persons, I find the section (El Monte) in which Savannah is situated, commendor to settle up very rapidly in 1852, or about that time. The town of El Monte is situated atlantic coast forming the eastern boundary. The damp land of this section covers about six square miles. A part of these lands were once grant lands, but have been sub-divided and sold in small tracts to thrifty farmers. A part of these damp lands (once the Temple estate) now belongs to E.J.Baldwin, and is almost one vast farm, but thickly settled by renters who rent land from the owner. The products are principally corn, barley, potatoes and some wheat. Wheat will never be a perfect success, as the soil is too strong and the frogs in spring time bring on the rust. It will bring as high as aides bushels of corn per acre; barley hay, seven tons per acre. There are from twenty to three hundred head of hogs produced for market annually, and about fifteen thousand head of beef cattle. Northern fruits such as apples, pears, peaches and apricots grow in abundance and are of large size and excellent quality. Portions of the land are covered with large willow timber, which is cut and hauled to Lor Angeles for firewood, and a handsome profit realized. The Southern Pacific R.R. runs through the northern portion of El Monte. There are three stores doing a fair trade. The The wind which prevailed during the early part of the week was but as the breath of an angel, compared with the destructive and violent gales which so often devastate the Eastern States. On last Saturday, for instance, a tornado accompanied by hail and rain, swept through Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky and Ohio, doing great damage to crops, blowing down houses and otherwise doing serious harm. At Cairo, Ill., a boy was blown against a house and killed. Here in Los Angeles county we have twelve or fifteen days in each year in which wind prevails, and although its accompaniment of dust is undeniably disagreeable, it never even remotely approaches the destructive gales which so often occur in less favored portions of our land. And these winds serve a good purpose in gathering up and dissipating any germs of disease which may be lurking in the atmosphere. The most unobservant person cannot fail to note the purity of the atmosphere after the cessation of these winds. —The Express learns that the Pacific Coast Steamship Company has commenced the construction of a permanent wharf near Timma's Landing in Wilmington harbor. At the point where the wharf is to be constructed there is deep water well up to the shore, and a body of water available for shipping large enough to accommodate any fleet that will be required for the commerce of Los Angeles for years to come. We believe the area of deep water at this point is from 500 to 700 feet one way and about 2,300 the other. Such a body of water would afford room for a large number of vessels. The Express also learns on high authority that the Southern Pacific Railroad Directors have determined to dredge the channel in front of the present wharf at Wilmington for a distance of three-quarters of a mile and to a width of three hundred feet. The channel up to a point where the dredging will cease is from sixteen to seventeen feet deep, and this depth will be maintained clear to the present wharf, so that any vessel which can be brought through the channel at the bar can be towed to the wharf at Wilmington. Don Mateo Keller of Los Angeles in a published letter says: For any one who finds the old Mission grape productive and reliable enough, no other variety need be sought in the southern counties for making wines and brandy. The southern part of the State is too warm to There are forty families on their way from the Los Bolsas rancho, Los Angeles county, to occupy portions of Buell's ranch, in this county, as renters, with the intention of purchasing in the Fall, and from thirty to forty other families are moving different portions of the county, with the same intentions. Thanksgiving Proclamation. Governor Irwin has issued his proclamation appointing a day of thanksgiving as follows: In harmony with the proclamation of the President of the United States, designating a day of national thanksgiving and prayer, and in pursuance of a custom generally, if not universally, observed by the Executives of the States of the American Union, as well as in response to the religious emotions and impulses of a Christian people, who recognize their dependence on Almighty God for all the blessings they enjoy, I, William Irwin, Governor of the State of California, do hereby appoint Thursday, the 27th day of November, 1879, to be observed by the people of said State, as a day of thanksgiving and praise to Almighty God. The past year has been one of much material prosperity; the laws have been impartially enforced and order strictly maintained; and the people have enjoyed the inestimable blessings of civil and religious liberty. I, therefore, earnestly call on them to meet, on the day above designated, in their accustomed places of public worship, and render to the Giver of all Good, devout thanks for the many blessings He has bestowed on us as individuals and as a people. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the Great Seal of the State to be affixed, at the city of Sacramento, California, this 15th day of November, in the year of our Lord, 1879. WILLIAM IRWIN, Governor. The Chicago Daily News, having invited the Governors of various States and prominent Southern men to send, in its care, congratulations on General Grant's return, has received a number of such congratulations including one from Hon Alexander H. Stephens, another from General James Longstreet, and the following from Hon Robert Toombs: ATLANTA, Ga., Nov. 12. M. E. STONE, EDITOR—Your telegram is received. I decline to answer, except to say: Present my personal congratulations to General Grant on his safe arrival. He fought for his country honorably and won. I fought for mine and lost. I am ready to try it over again. Death to the Union. R. TOCMBS. ATLANTA, Ga., Nov. 13.—General Toombs, in an interview regarding his dispatch to the Chicago Daily News, says: "The interpretation of the language is that the result of war was the death of the Union, and that the present Government is a consolidated one and not a confederacy." CABUL, Nov. 17.—Forty-nine Afghans have been hanged for complicity in the massacre of the British Embassy. It is reported that trouble is apprehended in the Ghuehin country. One of the Khans and his brother are inciting insurrection in Kohistan. DETROIT, Nov. 17.—Hon. F. C. Beaman, recently appointed U.S. Senator, to fill the unexpired term of the late Senator Chandler, has declined on account of ill health, and Governor Crosswell this afternoon has appointed ex Governor Henry P. Baldwin, of this city, to till the vacancy. Messrs Haggin and Carr propose to put ducts are principally corn, barley, potatoes and some wheat. Wheat will never be a perfect success, as the soil is too strong and the fogs in spring time bring on the rust. It will bring as high as 125 bushels of corn per acre; barley hay, 7 tons per acre. There are from 2000 to 3000 head of hogs produced for market annually, and about 1500 head of beef cattle. Northern fruits such as apples, pears, peaches and apricots grow in abundance and are of large size and excellent quality. Portions of the land are covered with large willow timber, which is cut and hauled to Lor Angeles for firewood, and a handsome profit realized. The Southern Pacific R. R. runs through the northern portion of El Monte. There are three stores doing a fair trade. The merchants export and import goods by rail. We have several good day schools and two churches. Alfalfa is also raised as in other sections and as high as 9 full grown crops are cut in one season. Sweet and Irish potatoes grow bountifully. Portions of this land would produce the sugar beet to perfection, as there is but little alkali in any of the soil. Water can be obtained anywhere by digging from 8 to 25 feet deep and is generally fine for all domestic uses. But little if any irrigation is necessary, and only in a few places. People are making more permanent improvements in houses, barns, orchards, etc., than was thought necessary a few years ago. There are two railroad depots, one at El Monte and one at Savannah, three-quarters of a mile apart, which gives shippers ample facilities for sending away all surplus produce if they choose to ship by rail. Hops are also raised and a handsome profit realized. Tobacco of excellent quality is grown but no one grows it for profit. Black berries grow spontaneously, and might be made a remunerative business to those who would engage in their propagation. Lands under good cultivation are worth from $50 to $75 per acre, while in ordinary cultivation and unimproved sells at $30 to $50 per acre. In fact everything may be raised here that is raised on similar lands in Southern California except artesian water, which the borears have so far failed to raise to the surface. The average temperature is about 68°F. It is impossible to give accurately the resources of this section in such a hawtily written article, and to do this subject due justice it would require weeks of patient labor to find out the true value that our subject is based upon. Taking climate and soil it cannot be beat. J. H. B. Westminster Items. The wind gale which commenced on Sunday afternoon lasted all Monday and Tuesday and on Wednesday veered around to the North. Several trees were uprooted but we hear of no damage to houses, although some had a severe shaking. Plowing for wheat has begun and everyone is making preparations for plowing by clearing off and burning weeds. Rev. S. B. King has rented Mr. Fleming's ranch and will farm it with his own. A petition in favor of a mail route being established between this place and Anaheim via Garden Grove lies at the Post Office for signature and has already been numerously signed. Surely it is to the interest of all to further this matter, as under the existing arrangement it takes 5 days to receive a reply from Los Angeles. Wanted—a shoemaker. Mr. Smith, who has lately carried on the business here, has bought land South of this place and has moved on to it, so we are now without one. There is a fine opening. The Congregational Social came off as announced on Tuesday evening. The hall was comfortably filled. The exercises were varied, and after an amusing dialogue on "The Chi- EDITOR GAILISH THE FOLLOWING RESOURCE AND MEANS TO THE UNIVERSE The colony les county,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy there That Dutch liquor,probab moral wrong tion of th looks no furthe matter. Those who plead ignorant ficturing upon wrong,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand market Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy there That Dutch liquor,probab moral wrong tion of th looks no furthe matter. Those who plead ignorant ficturing upon wrong,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand market Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy there That Dutch liquor,probab moral wrong tion of th looks no furthe matter. Those who plead ignorant ficturing upon wrong,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand market Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy there That Dutch liquor,probab moral wrong tion of th looks no furthe matter. Those who plead ignorant ficturing upon wrong,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand market Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy there That Dutch liquor,probab moral wrong tion of th looks no furthe matter. Those who plead ignorant ficturing upon wrong,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand market Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy there That Dutch liquor,probab moral wrong tion of th looks no furthe matter. Those who plead ignorant ficturing upon wrong,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand market Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy there That Dutch liquor,probab moral wrong tion of th looks no furthe matter. Those who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand market Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand market Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means of pro dividing th ran e lemons,times,granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means OF pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,a means OF pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al supply o appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find a demand市场 Our o f orange orchard town,h ment been abe p there by awa but a f contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find A demand市场 Our o F orange orchard town,H ment been abe p there by awa but a F contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find A demand市场 Our o F orange orchard town,H ment been abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find A demand市场 Our o F orange orchard town,H ment been abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find A demand市场 Our o F orange orchard town,H ment been abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find A demand市场 Our o F orange orchard town,H ment been abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find A demand市场 Our o F orange orchard town,H ment been abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find A demand市场 Our o F orange orchard town,H ment been abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Times,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find A demand市场 Our o F orange orchard town,H ment been abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Ttimes,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able find A demand市场 Our o F orange orchard town,H mention being abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Ttimes,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able finding A demand market Our o F orange orchard town,H mention being abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Ttimes,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able finding A demand market Our o F orange orchard town,H mention being abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Ttimes,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able finding A demand market Our o F orange orchard town,H mention being abe p there by awa but A contrary to th spectable peo doggy这里 These who plead ignorant ficturing upon wright,Ameans Of pro dividing th ran e lemons,Ttimes,Granates,e al Supply O appl small fruits,s e blackberries,e always be able finding A demand market Our o F orange orchard town,H mention being abe p there by awa但A contrarytothpectablereadingoffandburnweeds.Rev.S.B.B 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FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING ITISNOUNFORIT FORDELIVERING IT IS NO UNFOREDITIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECAUSEOFINTEGRATIONMEANSTHECA Don Mateo Keller of Los Angeles in a published letter says: For any one who finds the old Mission grape productive and reliable enough, no other variety need be sought in the southern counties for making wines and brandy. The southern part of the State is too warm to make light wines, but potent wines, like those of Spain and Portugal, viz: Sherry, Port, Angelica, Eldorado and Brandy; these are the great wines of commerce at this day, and the Mission grape will make them all perhaps better than any other variety. Mr. L. J. Rose has some few varieties of foreign grapes that probably he prefers for his special trade, but I think that for real profit and durability there is no need of seeking any further than the Mission grape. Wine, in the great future, will cope with the cereals as the substantial industry of this State. KLIZA PINKSTON, the colored woman who achieved world-wide notoriety by her testimony before the Returning Boards whose decisions seated Hayes in the Presidential chair, is again before the public. She is charged with the murder of her husband, and the case is now under investigation at Canton, Miss. HENRY WAITERSON, M. C. and editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal, pays the following brief but expressive tribute to the late Senator Chandler: "He was a hard one to tackle. He was a good fighter. God be with him, and may he rest in peace." PETERSBURG, Va., Nov. 16.—The drought which has prevailed to such an alarming extent in this section of the State for the past three month is causing great anxiety and uneasiness. The wells and streams are drying up, and in some adjacent counties the people are compelled to travel miles in vehicles in search of water for family use. In several churches here to-day prayers were offered for rain. The Scientific American gives the following receipt for a composition to prevent the hair from turning gray: Cologne water, 2 oz.; cantharides tincture, 2 dra.; oils of rosemary and lavender, each 10 drops. Another: Vinegar of cantharides, ½ oz.; cologne water, 1 oz.; rose-water, 1 oz. CABUL, Nov. 17.—Forty-nine Afghans have been hanged for complicity in the massacre of the British Embassy. It is reported that trouble is apprehended in the Ghueegin country. One of the Khans and his brother are inciting insurrection in Kohistan. DETROIT, Nov. 17.—Hon. F. C. Beaman, recently appointed U.S. Senator, to fill the unexpired term of the late Senator Chandler, has declined on account of ill health, and Governor Crosswell this afternoon has appointed ex Governor Henry P. Baldwin, of this city, to fill the vacancy. Messrs. Haggin and Carr propose to put in 20,000 acres of the desert land on the north side of Kern river in grain this season, if the rains are favorable. The Caloway canal is capable of irrigating 100,000 acres, if the supply of water is up to the usual quantity. They have some "high old assayers" down in Arizona. A gentleman writes to a friend in this city that a miner who doubted the capabilities of one of them, got an old potato, dried it thoroughly, pounded it up fine, then submitted the powder for assay, and the result of the assay gave a yield of $40 to the ton. NEW YORK, Nov. 14.—The Sun this morning prints the official canvass for State officers as made by the Supervisors of counties. In New York and Kings counties the official counts have not been completed, but the result will not probably be changed. The table shows the following majorities, except for Governor, the figures given in his case indicating a plurality; Cornell (Rep.) for Governor, 40,172; Hoskins, (Rep.) Lieutenant-Governor, 1,130; Carr (Rep.) Secretary of State, 7,659; Ward, (Rep.) Attorney General, 7,909; Wendell, (Rep.) Treasurer, 4,651; Seymour, (Dem.) Engineer and Surveyor, 9,969. Kelly's vote, 77,471. The women's anti-liquor mob at Fredericktown, Ohio, lately mentioned by telegraph, was a lively affair. The bell of a Baptist church was tolled as a signal. Fifteen women, armed with hatchets, responded quickly. More were expected, but their hearts failed them at the last moment. The small but determined rioters first went to Kelly's barroom, which was the largest in the village. The proprietor had locked the door and fled. The hatchets were plied and an entrance quickly gained. Then all the casks of liquor were chopped open, the bottles broken and the furniture ruined. The next move was against O'Connor's establishment. O'Connor effected a compromise by which he was allowed to put his stock aboard a railroad car for shipment, but his bottles were destroyed. After warning two druggists against continuing the sale of alcoholic drinks, the women gave three cheers for themselves and dispersed. A petition in favor of a mail route being established between this place and Anaheim via Garden Grove, lies at the Post Office for signature and has already been numerously signed. Surely it is to the interest of all to further this matter, as under the existing arrangement it takes 5 days to receive a reply from Los Angeles. Wanted—a shoemaker. Mr. Smith, who has lately carried on the business here, has bought land South of this place and has moved on to it, so we are now without one. There is a fine opening. The Congregational Social came off as announced on Tuesday evening. The hall was comfortably filled. The exercises were varied, and after an amusing dialogue on "The Chinese Question" and an exceedingly pretty chorus,"Youthful Days,"a most generous and bountiful supper was done justice to by all present. Those hungry ones who missed this will have the chance of another square meal on Tuesday next Nov. 25th when "The Presbyterian Social will be held in the Hall." The principal feature of the evening will be the superabundant supper."All who relish roast turkey, roast pig, pumpkin pie and all the other accessories of a big Thanksgiving dinner come. Admittance free. Tickets for supper 35 cents; children under 10 years 20 cents." Orange Items. The calm that follows the storm was never more welcome to our citizens than was the restful stillness inviting to repose that followed the recent "Santa Ana" wind storm. It is said by that quaint individual denominated "ye oldest inhabitant" to have been the severest wind since the first settlement of the town. It commenced blowing on Saturday evening and continued unabated until Tuesday, doing considerable damage to a number of our oldest orange orchards. Mr. Chas Harris had fifteen of his largest trees which were loaded with fruit, blown down; and in nearly all the old orchards,a great amount of fruit was blown off. The lemon trees have suffered from the breaking off of limbs and mutilation of the top far worse than the orange; it being a more rapid grower,and the woody fibre tenderer and softer than the latter.The effect of these winds teaches two important lessons which it is to be hoped will be headed by fruit growers.The first is that all fruit trees should be dwarfed and allowed to form top lowwith a trunk not more than two feet from the ground.The second is that every ten acres should be surrounded by a suitable wind break.As to the best trees for this purpose there is difference of opinion.I would prefer the pepper to all others as it is less easily uprooted,sis a rapid grower,iis a clean evergreen and exhausts a pleasant aromatic fragranceIt is objected to the eucalyptus that it absorbs too much moisture,they depriving the first tree-row of its needed supply.I can see but little force Some of Co. (P.Pohndorf) The close correct,the Red wine,theasion Claret,taining thisnearly every kind oftheof plant,southerndistanceoftheactionofdisturbancethecellarallthesecircums AZETTE. NO. 6 ence nah. there that it is write up the many neighborless a peris a difficult persons, I find in Savannah is up very rape. The town east of Los forming the land of this rare miles. A grant lands, sold in small part of these estate) now is almost one by renters. The proley, potatoes never be a too strong and on the rust. Sheels of corn or acre. Head of hogs, and about northern fruits and apricots large size and of the land are rubber, which is for firewood, L. runs through Monte. There trade. The to the argument, and would reply, better lose a tree root than the fruit of the whole orchard. As an absorbent of malarial and noxious vapors, it is of inestimable value, promoting and perpetuating health by antidoting and neutralizing the elements of disease. It is also a clean tree, and evergreen, and although not as symmetrical and beautiful in form as the pepper, yet it sends up its top to a much greater height, which for a wind break, is a quality in its favor. If but one row is planted around the border, they should be set not to exceed ten feet apart. It is to be hoped that the experience of the last few days will induce every ranch owner in Orange to at once surround every ten acres with a row or two of trees suitable for wind breaks. I notice that quite a number have set out the orange as a roadside tree, and so far as ornamentation is concerned, it does very well, but as a wind break it is worthless and should give place to some other tree of forest growth. The prevalent error of agriculturists, of devoting their lands and labor to the production of one kind of grain in chief, is being adopted by our horticulturists. The great leading thought seems to be to fill every nook and corner of their ranch with orange trees, I believe this to be a great error and one that will be pregnant with regrets in future years. The wiser method would be to divide the ranch to the producing of oranges, lemons, limes, raisins, citron, figs, pomegranates, etc., with a fair and proportionate supply of apples, pears, peaches and the small fruits, such as currants, raspberries, blackberries, etc. Then the producer will always be able to ship something that will find a demand and command a fair price in market. Our citizens know but very little of the wealth that lies hidden in our soil and I fear cannot as long as they resort entirely to orange culture for an income. Variety farming and equally variety fruiting, gentlemen, should be the rule, as it is the one that will ever pay heat. dition of the grapes pressed and the degree of their maturity, influence the quality of the must and cause the numberless shades and varieties of the Mission Red wine. For this reason, and in order to reach the standard of a sound, clean tasting wine, the raw article requires careful handling, and will be perfected only after unity of action of growers for ascertaining and living up to general rules, how best to treat the new material to supply the nursing and shipping merchant with uniformly good young wine. The first caress of the grower to obtain a good must and ferment it successfully, are of the greatest importance for the future of the Mission Claret, which so far constitutes the majority of the California wines. Density of color is the great desideratum in all Red wines. It is attainable in the Mission grape must with some exceptions. The crop of 1878 lacks color, still the exertions of individual growers have overcome the obstacle of scarcity of coloring matter in the skin of the grape last year by following the maxim, to let the juice for white wine run off copiously under gentle pressure, and make less red wine. As long as scrupulous graduation of saccharine, acids and color in the mass of vintage is not considered of first importance by all vintners, no standard for young wines can be established, and each grower's produce has to be bought on its own merits. Enormous is the amount of labor for the nurser which the grower causes him through the inequalities of the wines. The correction of these defects and the development of the wines until they are fit to be blended into a unity of types for shipping, requires much time, anxiety, work and expense. In some localities the Mission vine grows in soil containing oxides of iron; the juices of these grapes assumes a pinkish hue, apparently pale, still of great tinting power. Possibly these vines are shoots of others taken from loamy soil, producing juice of yellowish red color, whilst the same, growing in trees, I believe this to be a great error and one that will be pregnant with regrets in future years. The wiser method would be to divide the ranch to the producing of oranges, lemons, limes, raisins, citron, figs, pomegranates, etc., with a fair and proportionate supply of apples, pears, peaches and the small fruits, such as currants, raspberries, blackberries, etc. Then the producer will always be able to ship something that will find a demand and command a fair price in market. Our citizens know but very little of the wealth that lies hidden in our soil and I fear cannot as long as they resort entirely to orange culture for an income. Variety farming and equally variety fruiting, gentlemen, should be the rule, as it is the one that will ever pay best. One of our venerable fruit growers, whose orange orchard is the pride of our town, has four or five pomegranate trees which this year were quite full of fruit. His elder son, who was home on a visit, was noticing the trees and asked his father how much he would take for the crop, to which he received reply that he might have it and welcome for he guessed they weren't worth anything. The son accepted, plucked and sent the fruit to San Francisco, from the sale of which he realized a nett of seventeen dollars. The father now thinks, and his son has demonstrated, that pomegranates are worth raising. Who will be the next to demonstrate that citrons are worth raising, also currants, for so far as I know there is not a currant bush in Orange. The quince, too is a fruit which commands a high price in market and some one should ascertain its adaptability to our soil and climate, E. M. J. EDITOR GAZETTE:—Will you please publish the following article from the Weekly Rescue, and oblige many of your readers: PROTECT YOUR HOMES The colony of Westminster, in Los Angeles county, has ever since its first settlement been a temperance colony. The people there by moral force kept dram-sellers away, but a few weeks since, a Dutchman, contrary to the known wishes of all the respectable people of the settlement, opened a doggery there. That Dutchman, having a license to sell liquor, probably has no conception of the moral wrong he is doing. Having the protection of the law, he, in his ignorance, looks no further into the right or wrong of the matter. Those who granted the license cannot plead ignorance. They knew they were inflicting upon the people of that colony a great wrong, against which they had no legal means of protection. They should receive the condemnation of all right minded people to the same extent as though they had sent a case of small-pox there to infect the neighborhood. The immediate results of the small-pox would be more apparent, but in its final results, the doggery will be vastly more deleterious and deplorable. The people of Westminster realize the danger that menaces them, and are praying for deliverance—praying to God to protect them, praying to the Dutchman to desist. It is of no use for them to pray to the State, for it is the power of the State that makes the infliction of this great evil upon the community by one individual, against the wishes of all the others, possible. Now what are the people of Westminster to do? The fathers and mothers know that the continuance of this nuisance among them means the certain ruin of some of their boys. It means the desolation of some home. It means a deterioration of the value of their property. It means the growth among them of a criminal and pauper class. These and many other evils the people of Westminster know, follow the introduction of a groggy in any com- In some localities the Mission vine grows in soil containing oxides of iron; the juice of these grapes assumes a pinkish hue, apparently pale, still of great tinting power. Possibly these vines are shoots of others taken from loamy soil, producing juice of yellowish red color, whilst the same, growing in soil having lime underlying, will bring forth a fruit that colors its must in the deepest ruby red. With varying contents of fruit acids, ethers and alcohols, these different kinds constitute so many kinds of the same grape. Studying the nature of each, the amalgamation of the varieties is not different, but requires time, and hence expense. A thorough first fermentation is absolutely a first necessity of Mission claret must. The tendency to a lengthened oxidation and very slow separation of fermentiscible substances from the liquid renders its maturing process very difficult. If not given, therefore, facilities from the press to ferment well, the slow conversion of its sugar provokes the disproportionate action of the most powerful of the free acids of the wine, and tannic acid appearing to gain the upper hand, the possibility of the wine ever acquiring a taste pleasant to the palate becomes weaker. Fortunately, as has been said when speaking of white Mission wine, the growers now pay great attention to proper fermentation. For the shipping merchant who values his reputation for qualities, it is indispensable to keep and nurse the Mission wines until they are safe for shipment and applicability for his customers. The Mission clarets, therefore, should not leave the State before at least the first year from the grape has passed over them. Nothing can be more detrimental to the fair fame of California wines than the demand for the very cheapest of wines, and the hasty filling here of such demands by rushing off untended wines of the poorest order before they can receive the legitimate care in the shipper's cellar. No good can result to any one from the tendency sprung up of labs of looking only to low prices and blindly accepting the cheapest offers of wines, at prices which are not at all in harmony with the cost of genuine sound matured wines. Common sense should warn the trade not to endanger the future of the industry by seducing shippers to supply at unremunerative prices, unripe, and at the bottom perhaps unsound wines. More analogy exists between the bulk of Mission reds of California and Burgundy types, than between the former, especially the well matured ones, and the wine of the Bordelais. Still, Missison reds can fully supply the place of the lower qualities of Bordeaux clarets, and for table drink in a diluted shape, are fully capable of supplanting them, giving in fact greater satisfaction being richer in every respect of vinosity than the common French clarets. The same precautions and cares required by both Burgundies and Bordeaux clarets are to be applied to California Mission red. Rest after a fatigning sea voyage or railway transport, is absolutely necessary to the wine and exclusion of air into the cask, having ullage likewise. Allow a rest of three or four weeks before bottling it, and should thorough brilliance not be found, give it half a dozen eggs for the hundred gallons, and rack carefully avoiding the disturbance of the wine's brightness by access of atmospheric air, and selecting a bright day with northerly wind for its bottling. The im- Mr. Smith, who business here, has been numerous interest of all to the existing arreceiver a reply Now what are the people of Westminster to do? The fathers and mothers know that the continuance of this nuisance among them means the certain ruin of some of their boys. It means the desolation of some home. It means a deterioration of the value of their property. It means the growth among them of a criminal and pauper class. These and many other evils the people of Westminster know, as everybody knows, follow the introduction of a groggy in any community. Shall they, having said their prayers to God, and petitioned the Dutchman, sit down like cowards and submit to the infliction of this great outrage—this violation of their natural rights of self preservation and self protection, by a foreign interloper, who, having no moral convictions or sense of justice to restrain him, cares nothing for the consequences to others, cares nothing that a whole community is outraged and delauched, so that he may fill his money drawer; or shall they rise up free-born Americans, and say, in the name of God, in the name of humanity, in the name of right, this thing shall not be? It is the duty of the State to protect the homes of Westminster; the State failing in its duty, and being found on the side of the wrong, it is the right and most sacred duty of the fathers to protect their homes, at whatever cost. We say to the people of Westminster, be brave, be true to yourselves, begtrue to humanity, be true to God, and maintain your rights even though it must be done by force. And if this be rebellion, no people ever had greater cause to rebel. Your lives, your property, your homes are menaced, arise and protect them. Some of the Varieties of Wine of California Growth. [F. Poindorff, in the "Wine and Spirit Review."] The close observer will find the assertion correct, that as many varieties of Mission Red wine, or as it is commonly called, Mission Claret, exist, as there are cellars containing this wine, or to go further back, that nearly every plantation produces a special kind of the same. Next to the differences of plant, soil and the position of the vineyard, the proportion of colorless juices abstracted from the total liquid, the amount of coloring matter contained in the husks of the remnant, the degree of pressure, the duration of the contact of husks and fluid, the action of fermentation, the evenness or disturbances of temperature, the position of the callar, the size of the fermenting vessel, all these circumstances, as well as the conIncrease in proper cleansing the wine at the right season by racking from its precipitates, and be careful to have vats and casks always filled up. Allow no foul air to permeate your callar, and avoid sudden changes of temperature where you store your wine.