anaheim-gazette 1943-05-13

NSGW Expresses Opposition To Jap Evacuees' Return Although various civic, fraternal and service organizations of Anaheim have expressed concurrence with a sentiment against the return of evacuated Japanese to Orange county, it remained for the newly instituted Mother Colony Parlor Native Sons of the Golden West to take the most decisive step to date, in the matter. For the parlor has petitioned congress to investigate, thoroughly and impartially, any pro-Japanese activities of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, and the conduct of the War Relocation activity. The petition asked a denial of further appropriations to the War Relocation Activity for operation of Japanese camps, advocating the retention of all Japanese in their present concentration camps under Army supervision, with operation funds to be provided by the Army. In their petition, the Native Sons express the belief that the Japanese have been and are being supported an dencouraged in their "peaceful invasion," by the powerful pressure group styled the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. This group, according to the parlor's opinion has influenced the government, particularly the War department and the War Relocation Authority, High School Closes Swimming Pool As Health Measure Warning issued this week by Dr. Edward Lee Russell, Orange county health officer, of the possibility of an infantile paralysis epidemic in the county, found the city of Anaheim ready to cooperate with all necessary preventative measures, although no cases have developed in this area, according to Paul H. Demaree, high school superintendent. But precautionary measures were immediately put into effect, beginning with the closing of the swimming pool at Union high school since Dr. Russell's communication pointed out that such pools are a frequent source of contamination. As yet, no such measures are necessary at the plunge in Anaheim City park, since that plunge will not be open to the public until some time about the middle of June. Dr. Russell's warning was occasioned by the fact that the period from April 10 to 26 saw the development of nine new cases of poliomyelitis in the county, making a record of 11 cases for the year to date. This is an unusually high co-incidence for the season, thus leading to the fear of a possibility of a still further increase In their petition, the Native Sons express the belief that the Japanese have been and are being supported an dencouraged in their "peaceful invasion," by the powerful pressure group styled the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. This group, according to the parlor's opinion has influenced the government, particularly the War department and the War Relocation Authority, to approve and put into effect a program catering to and appeasing the Japanese against the best interests of the Pacific coast area. In line with this action taken by the NSGW was that taken at the recent meeting of Orange County Farm Bureau executives who joined the rapidly lengthening list of organizations opposing the return of interned Japanese to the Pacific coast. Farm Bureau directors adopted a resolution opposing any resettlement venture here. In discussing this action, Cecil J. Marks, executive secretary, pointed out that while the safety and welfare of the American public in this area was of prime importance, the Bureau executives also felt that a resettlement venture would jeopardize the safety and welfare of the Japanese themselves. "Removal of the Japanese from internment camps would be charged with danger" he pointed out. "No doubt other communities would develop the same antipathy that is prevalent in California, and attempts to mix the Japanese with the white population might serve to increase rather than decrease racial difference." Jury Is Selected In Murder Case Getting under way yesterday morning in Superior Judge Franklin G. West's court, was the trial of two Anaheim youths, Adolph Rangel and Porfirio Peralta, for the alleged murder of Arthur Espinoza in this city last December. Selection of the jury was completed Monday but the trial was recessed one day to permit Defense Counsel N. D. Meyer to appear in a case before the Fourth District Court of Appeals, San Diego. Jurors selected were Phoebe A. Brown, Julia Huddleston, Jean Bohlander, Albert Brown, Charles I. Pond, Marion Burr Wallace. PFC HOFFMAN Anaheim trainee, taken on his first visit home with his mother, Mrs. Martin Halset, 502 North Claudina street. "Bill," who was an Anaheim Gazette employee prior to his induction into the Army in mid-February, recently was transferred from his first base at Fort Warren, Wyo., to the Motor Training School at Fort Crook, Nebr., and at the same time received his rating of private first class. He was a graduate of Union high school and had a year at Fullerton junior college at the time of his induction. City Water Levels Reach New High Water level in the city wells seems to be striving for new recourse since that plunge will not be open to the public until some time about the middle of June. Dr. Russell's warning was occasioned by the fact that the period from April 10 to 26 saw the development of nine new cases of poliomyelitis in the county, making a record of 11 cases for the year to date. This is an unusually high co-incidence for the season, thus leading to the fear of a possibility of a still further increase during hot summer months. Cases are widely scattered with three in the Fullerton-Buena Park area, three in the Garden Grove district, two in Santa Ana, and one in Orange. Since scientific investigations have shown that polio is an intestinal infection with much the same implications as typhoid fever, the control of the disease requires improved sanitation of food supply; activity restriction of the susceptible age groups as to eating out of doors in unhygienic conditions where flies cannot be properly controlled, and the closing of swimming pools during periods of high incidence. Dr. Russell does not advocate the emptying of such pools but suggests that circulation of water and proper chlorination be continued until it is definiately established that further danger of contamination does not exist. Miss Hunton Goes To New York As Marine Reservist Completing last minute preparations for departure tomorrow afternoon on the Union Pacific, Miss Evelyn Hunton, secretary in the office of Friis and Schutz, attorneys, will report on May 18 to Hunter College, New York City, to begin her training in the U.S. Marine Corps Women's Reserve. Miss Hunton's enlistment went through several weeks ago, since which time she has been awaiting her call. The process has been a tedious one, and last week when she received her shoe coupons, she expected the call to follow immediately. She will travel east in company with two other enlistees, one from Pacific Beach and the other from San Fernando, instead of with a large party under supervision of an officer as is generally the case. At Hunter College she will have six weeks' Rangel and Porfirio Peralta, for the alleged murder of Arthur Espinoza in this city last December. Selection of the jury was completed Monday but the trial was recessed one day to permit Defense Counsel N. D. Meyer to appear in a case before the Fourth District Court of Appeals, San Diego. Jurors selected were Phoebe A. Brown, Julia Huddleston, Jean Bohlander, Albert Brown, Charles I. Pond, Marion Burr Wallace, Elizabeth Lewis, Phillip H. Carroll, Charles Crumrine, Henry H. Probst, Marian M. Matthews, Jessie L. Scott, and an alternate, Mary O'Neill. City Water Levels Reach New High Water level in the city wells seems to be striving for new records. According to V. W. Hanum, power plant superintendent, the level on May 1 stood at 109 feet six inches, the highest since May 1, 1929. Local Pastor Receives His Summons To Chaplaincy In U.S. Army When Rev. Bergen Birdsall mounts the rostrum of Free Methodist church Sunday morning to deliver a farewell sermon to his congregation, he will inject a military note into the sacred precincts of the pulpit. For he will be in the uniform of a lieutenant in the U.S. Army, in the chaplain's division. It will be a solemn service, for Lieut. Birdsall will take leave of his little flock before departure on the first steps of a transcontinental journey back to Cambridge, Mass. and entry into military life. He and Mrs. Birdsall and their five-year-old son, Bergen Byron Birdsall, who have lived for the past two years at 221 West Broadway, will make their first stop in Los Angeles. There they will attend the Young People's rally of the district conference, to be held Sunday afternoon in Los Angeles Third Free Methodist church, and to which many young people of School at Fort Crook, Nebr., and at the same time received his rating of private first class. He was a graduate of Union high school and had a year at Fullerton junior college at the time of his induction. Permit Issued For Douglas Plant With permit issued this week by Building Inspector Rudolph Nyboe for remodelling operations on the building at 406 South Los Angeles street, indications are that work will soon get underway in flitting up the property for the Anaheim branch plant of the Douglas Aircraft corporation. The building was formerly occupied by the Bevins Pontiac company which was required to vacate when the premises were taken over by the Douglas corporation. Nyboe's permit was issued for operations costing in the neighborhood of $4000, the work to be done by the Atkins and Wiggins contracting firm of Long Beach. AHEIM GAZETE The Oldest Newspaper In Orange County — Now In Its 73rd Year ANAHEIM, ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, THURSDAY, MAY 13, 1943 School Closes Using Pool Health Measure Issued this week by Lee Russell, Orange High officer, of the position infantile paralysis in the county, found theheim ready to cooperate necessary preventaes, although no casesaped in this area, acaul H. Demaree, highintendent. Cautionary measures Initially put into effect, with the closing of the pool at Union high Dr. Russell's compointed out that such frequent source of conAs yet, no suchre necessary at the Anaheim City park,unge will not be open until some time middle of June. All's warning was occethe fact that the peri-ril 10 to 26 saw theof nine new cases ofin the county, makelof 11 cases forthe. This is an unusuallyidence for the season,to the fear of aposstill further increasesummer months. Harvey A. Gardner Is Appointed County Treasurer Taking his oath of office Saturday before County Clerk Basil J. Smith, Orange county's new treasurer, Harvey A. Gardner, Santa Ana, is now going about the duties of that office, vacated by the sudden passing last week in Rawlins, Wyo. of County Treasurer Terry E. Stephenson. When word of Mr. Stephenson's death reached the community, the board of supervisors called a special session Saturday to name his successor, since all business of the treasurer's office automatically came to a standstill until such an appointment might be made. Selection of Harvey Gardner was of interest to everyone in the county, aware of his long connection with Orange County Title company of which he was president. It was of pronounced interest in this city where he is connected with many prominent Anaheimers. Mrs. Gardner, the former Esther Fluor, is the daughter of J. Simon Fluor, founder of the Fluor corporation. She is a sister of P. E. Fluor, 700 North Clementine street, general manager of the corporation; J. Simon Fluor Jr., Ball road, assistant manager, and Mrs. Leonard Daigle (Elsie Fluor), 521 North Zevn Coffee Allowance Per Day Will Be Increased Good news for Anaheim folk who like their second "cuppa cawfy" at breakfast time especially, is contained in the announcement that, beginning June 1, Americans will get enough coffee to provide one cup and a quarter a day as compared with rations allowing but one cup. Coffee ration coupons will be good for only the single pound as at present, but the present ration period of five weeks will be reduced to a single month. Henceforth coffee ration periods will begin on the first day of each month. Kiwanians Prepare For Meeting Of 4th Division Here Preparations for the Fourth Kiwanis Divisional meeting to take place in this city next Tuesday night, are well underway among members of Anaheim Kiwanis club, host organization for the session at which Thomas E. Gore of Riverside, will make his official visit as governor of the California-Nevada district. Harry I. Horn, lieutenant governor and a past president of the Seeing Eye School Is Discussed For Anaheim Lions Anaheim Lions had the interesting experience of meeting Miss Hazel Hurst and her remarkable "Seeing Eye" dog, at their latest meeting in the Elks clubhouse where Warren Ashleigh as program chairman, had arranged for Miss Hurst's visit. The gifted young speaker, who has been blind since early childhood, told the members how she was aided in her eastern home, by another service club in securing her first Seeing Eye dog and getting a college education. Because of this assistance, she stated, she has made it a point to cooperate with all such clubs in enlisting their interest in work for the blind. She told of establishing the Hazelhurst Foundation at Monrovia for the training of Seeing Eyes dogs and described the process of this training and the expenses involved. She also told of another project in which she is actively engaged, of working until of the blind in various defense industries. Lions found additional interests in the presence of one of Anaheim's war heroes, Capt. Arman Monteverde of the U.S. Ferrying Command, who spoke briefly on Hunton Goes New York As Reservist Last minute preparation for departure tomorrow on the Union Pacific, Hunton secretary in Friis and Schutz, attends report on May 18 to college, New York City, for training in the U.S. Women's Reserve. Hunton's enlistment went several weeks ago, since she has been awaiting The process has been done, and last week when her shoe coupons, and the call to follow imminent She will travel east with two other enlistments from Pacific Beach from San Fernando, with a large party unison of an officer as is the case. At Hunter he will have six weeks' company of which he was president. It was of pronounced interest in this city where he is connected with many prominent Anaheimers. Mrs. Gardner, the former Esther Fluor, is the daughter of J. Simon Fluor, founder of the Fluor corporation. She is a sister of P. E. Fluor, 700 North Clementine street, general manager of the corporation; J. Simon Fluor Jr., Ball road, assistant manager, and Mrs. Leonard Daigle (Elsie Fluor), 521 North Zeyn street. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner's two sons are both in their country's service, Lieut. Jack Gardner now in England with the Army Air Force, and his brother Dick, a cadet at King City to which base he was recently transferred from SAAAB. Santa Anan Wins Speech Contest Of Toastmasters Anaheim Toastmasters took part in the sub-district 1-A Toastmasters International speech contest held Tuesday night in Rossmore cafe, Santa Ana, with Smedley chapter No. 1 as host organization. Royal Marten was the local club candidate whose candidacy was won through successes atp revious speak-offs in this area. However he went down in defeat to Dr. C. J. Ruley of Santa Ana Toastmasters, whose talk on "Strange Bed-Fellows" won the sub-district honors. He will be speaker at the district convention of July 31 in Hotel Huntington, Pasadena. Ralph C. Kiser of Pomona, took second place with his talk on "Develop Your Riches." Third place was taken by Bynner Martin of San Pedro whose subject was "Keep Your Eye on the Ball." Marten, the Anaheim entrant, spoke on "How Small is Your World?" Other candidates were Harold Zenz of Ontario on "Are You Afraid?" and William Hobba of Long Beach on "War Profits." Critic was Sheldon Hayden of the Los Angeles Navy Recruiting station. Ralph C. Kiser of Pomona, acting governor, presided over the meeting, arrangements for which were made by Graham Albright, Santa Ana, lieutenant-governor of sub-district 1-A. Special guest was I. A. McAnich of Los Angeles, governor of District 1. 4th Division Here Preparations for the Fourth Kiwanis Divisional meeting to take place in this city next Tuesday night, are well underway among members of Anaheim Kiwanis club, host organization for the session at which Thomas E. Gore of Riverside, will make his official visit as governor of the California-Nevada district. Harry I. Horn, lieutenant governor and a past president of the host club, will have charge of the program, with President Ewald Lemcke to offer greeting to the 300 or more guests expected. These guests, representing the eight clubs of Division 4, will be entertained at a 7 o'clock banquet in Elks clubhouse. They will represent Kiwanis clubs of Fullerton, Whittier, Buena Park, La Habra, Santa Ana, Newport Beach and San Clemente, as well as Anaheim. While Governor Gore's talk on "Our Obligations in This present Crisis" will be the highlight of the program, many other events are being planned for entertainment. Anaheim Union high school's populor Mozart orchestra will pro(Continued on Page 6) Memorial Services To Be Held For Garden Grove Men A memorial service in honor of Postmaster Clair Head and Dr. Arthur C. Robins of Garden Grove, believed drowned while on a fishing trip near Ensenada, Mexico, April 21, is being planned for Sunday afternoon, May 16. Friends of the two men, prominent in community life of Garden Grove and Orange County, are invited to attend the program of tribute, which will be held at 4 p.m. in Garden Grove in the auditorium of the Stephen R. Fitz school, on East Acacia at Seventh street, according to the Rev. William Keech who will officiate. Members of the various organizations with which the two men have been affiliated are being invited to take part in the program, on which six brief tributes are to be read. The Santa Ana Elks club will provide music appropriate to the occasion, and the Garden Grove Lions Club is to furnish flowers. It has been requested that other flowers not be sent to this service. In addition to these organizations, representatives elhurst Foundation at Monrovia for the training of Seeing Eyes dogs and described the process of this training and the expenses involved. She also told of another project in which she is actively engaged, of working until of the blind in various defense industries. Lions found additional interest in the presence of one of Anaheim's war heroes, Capt. Armand Monteverde of the U.S. Ferrying Command, who spoke briefly on his experience on a Greenland ice cap when his transport plan crashed, leaving him and his crew to many months of hardship and solitude before rescue was effected. OPA Price Officer Announces Return To College Duties That Dr. Arthur E. Coons had tendered his resignation from the post of OPA price officer for Southern California in order to resume college duties, was the announcement made today by OPA. Dr. Coons, who is the son of Mrs. Mary E. Coons of Liberty Lane, offered his resignation yesterday in order to become dearest of the faculty at Occidental College. In asking to be releived by his administrative duties, he requested the privilege of remaining in the capacity of technical consultant to the regional office. In assuming the post at Occidental he will have charge of administering a technical training program for 400 enlisted Naval men, as well as other teaching duties. Dr. Coons is an author on economics especially as applied to the Southland. Previously taking the OPA post he was director of studies for the graduate school of Claremont Colleges. Army Lieut. Nurse Writes Parents From Hawaii Base When Mr. and Mrs. Everett Hughes of Harbor boulevard made a hurried trip to Marysville mid-April to bid bon voyage their daughter, Lieut. Elizabeth Hughes before her departure an overseas nursing assignment they faced the possibility of many weeks with no word from the courageous young daughter. Supervisors Urge Gov. Warren To Sign Park Bill Orange county supervisors at their meeting this week, voted to ask Governor Warren to sign the legislature's bill calling for $299,-500 for purchase of ocean frontage between Huntington Beach and Newport Beach for state park purposes. The bill was proposed by Assemblyman Clyde Watson of Orange. Supervisors disregarded the Sam Collins bill regarding the purchase of the Hamilton Cottotton estate at San Clemente to be used as a state park. Anaheim Soldier Missing In Action Included among the 65 Californians listed this week by the War Department as missing in action in various theaters of war, was Private Ona C. Elledge, whose mother, Mrs. Carrie Elledge of Route 2, Anaheim, has been notified that he was numbered among those missing in the Southwest Pacific area. A second Orange county youth, Second Lieut. Donald W. Oliphant, son of W. B. Oliphant of Santa Ana, was listed as missing in the African area. Members of the various organizations with which the two men have been affiliated are being invited to take part in the program, on which six brief tributes are to be read. The Santa Ana Elks club will provide music appropriate to the occasion, and the Garden Grove Lions Club is to furnish flowers. It has been requested that other flowers not be sent to this service. In addition to these organizations, representation will be made for the Garden Grove Chamber of Commerce, the Orange County Medical Association, Orange County Postmasters Association, and the Long Beach Shriners. Chief Wilder Names Six New Deputies Six special deputies to serve without pay, have been appointed by Police Chief Teed L. Wilder from the ranks of the auxiliary police. The men, who will act in connection with civilian defense duities, are: J. E. McLeod, E. A. Silzle, Orel Farless, George H. Miner, Harold L. Stanton and Jeff C. Palin. Their appointment was ratified Tuesday night by the city council. Program Planned For Auxiliary Police Auxiliary Police, both men's and women's divisions, will meet Wednesday night at 8 o'clock in American Legion clubrooms in the city hall. Sgt. Claude Lane has announced that the program will linclude a motion picture on some form of war activity and defense work, and the remainder of the evening will be devoted to plans for the incident drill to be held Friday, May 28. Writes Parents From Hawaii Base When Mr. and Mrs. Everett Hughes of Harbor boulevard marry a hurried trip to Marysville mid-April to bid bon voyage to their daughter, Lieut. Elizabeth Hughes before her departure to an overseas nursing assignment they faced the possibility of many weeks with no word from the courageous young daughter. But to their happy surprise yesterday brought them their first message, two V-mail letters from Lieut. Hughes, notifying them that her assignment had taken her to the land of her long-cherished dreams, the Hawaiian Island Oddly enough, nothing in the two letters was censored with the single exception of the date. Lieut. Hughes described his pleasant voyage on a transport with 175 Naval officers and four nurses; told of the four day quarantine which she underwent before being permitted to enjoy the pleasure of swimming at mous Waikiki beach, and described the beauty of her home surroundings. She is quarterly she wrote, in a pleasant hillside home with orchids blooming on a few inches from her window. When she was detailed to oversee seas duty, Lieut. Hughes was one of five nurses from a class of M at Camp Beale, where she had been stationed since her induction into the Army Nurses Corps early December. Her call to foeign duty came suddenly, but Mrs. and Mrs. Hughes and their son and daughter-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Hughes of Fullerton drove north for a Sunday visit with her. Later she telephoned them on the eve of her departure the following Friday. ZETTE I Am an American Is Proudest Boast That a Man Can Make 13, 1943 NUMBER 33 Friends of T. E. Stephenson Pay Their Final Tribute Hundreds of sorrowing friends from all sections of the Southland gathered in Santa Ana yesterday afternoon to pay final tribute to the memory of one of Orange county’s most prominent men, the late County Treasurer Terry E. Stephenson, whose sudden death last Friday while en route to Omaha, Nebr., shocked and saddened the entire community. Mr. Stephenson had left the previous Wednesday for a long-anticipated visit with his only son, Terry (“Ted”) Stephenson Jr. in Councilmen Confer On Matters Of Civic Interest Anaheim City Council held a busy session Tuesday night, with financial and other reports of the month of April demanding attention of the members. While dealing with finances, members allowed the sum of $19,780.97 for city expenses for the period of April 15 to 30. This left a general fund balance of $104,566.02, according to City Treasurer A. G. Tuma’s records, with a total balance of $112,821.15. Total tax collections to date, reached the sum of $74,139.37 and a total unsecured personal property collection of $1960.50. Current taxes yet outstanding represent only $1070 with a total delinquency for other previous years of only $1080. This combined sum of $2150 represents a new T. E. STEPHENSON Omaha, but was stricken with a heart attack. His condition became so critical that he was removed from the train at Rawlins, Wyo., and taken to a hospital where he succumbed a few hours later. His daughter-in-law, Mrs. Ted Stephenson, the former Betty Rowland of Santa Ana, left her Omaha home immediately to be with him but failed to reach Rawlins before his passing. His son was returning to Omaha from a business conference in Texas (he is with the Glenn Martin company) and was located in Kansas City from which point he has (Continued on page 2) Race Discrimination Is Discussed By Rotary Speaker In his capacity as secretary of Associated Farmers of Orange County, Rotarian George A. Graham introduced as guest speaker at this week's Rotary luncheon in Elks' clubhouse, a past president of California Associated Farmers, Holmes Bishop, well known rancher of the Santa Ana-Orange area. President Robert Boney conducted the business session during which T. L. McFadden gave official welcome to two new Rotarians, Carl Pressel and S. W. Golem. "Racial Discrimination" was the subject upon which the guest speaker addressed the club. He discussed the various racial groups of this country, touching upon the Negro problem of the Southern and border states, and Japanese problem of the Pacific coast. In developing the subject Bishop told of the manner in which subversive groups create unrest particularly among the Negroes, and conduct underground activities in sabotage. Solution to problems arising from these and similar situations lies, according to April 15 to 30. This left a general fund balance of $104,566.02, according to City Treasurer A. G. Tuma's records, with a total balance of $112,821.15. Total tax collections to date, reached the sum of $74,139.37 and a total unsecured personal property collection of $1960.50. Current taxes yet outstanding represent only $1070 with a total delinquency for other previous years of only $1080. This combined sum of $2150 represents a new low as compared with other years. In 1934 for example, the tax delinquency reached $36,000 it was stated. Of equal interest was the report of V. W. Hannum, power plant superintendent, to the effect that collections in the public service department totaled $24,685. A total of 206,000 kilowatt hours of electric energy above the corresponding month of April, 1942, was reported. It was believed that this increased use of power was caused by the new industries locating in the city, since the customary street and business house lighting has been greatly reduced by the war emergency. Ordinance 661 was passed, granting a petition for variance in zoning regulations for lots 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the Konig subdivision on South Los Angeles street, for the convenience of the new Douglas Aircraft corporation subassembly plant to open there soon. Ordinance 660, which was presented at last week's meeting, and (Continued on Page 6) Speed Penalties Suggested by OPA Anaheim War Price and Rationing board, in common with all Southland boards, is studying a suggested guide for imposing penalties upon speeding motorists, sent out by OPA in line with its program of maintaining the present maximum speed of 35 miles an hour on the highways. For first offenders, OPA suggests that a speed up to 40 miles an hour should be punished by a 10 days' suspension of the gas ration book; up to 50 miles by a 30 days' suspension; up to 69 miles by 60 days' suspension; and 70 miles an hour or over, 90 days' suspension. Second violations would merit stricter terms, the OPA suggestion being for a speed up to 40 miles, 15 days' suspension; up to Anaheim Elementary School District Costs Are Among Highest In State In a digest of the current expenditures per pupil of California's larger elementary school district, California Taxpayers' association has announced that Anaheim's elementary school district spent $110.06 for each of the 1302 pupils in average daily attendance during 1941-42. This expenditure per pupil was sixth from the highest among 36 elementary school districts in the state where the average daily attendance ranged from 1251 to 2000 pupils. The median or mid-point total current expenditures per pupil in this size group was $85.54. Teachers' salaries in the district averaged $69.91 per pupil compared with a median payment of $57.69 for districts of similar size. Expenditures for other current purposes, including administration, supplies, maintenance and operation of grounds an buildings, averaged $37.06 compared with a mid-point expenditure of $24.54 per pupil. The study further showed that expenditures for such auxiliary agencies as transportation, cafeteria and nursing service, averaged $3.09 per pupil, compared with the median expenditure of $2.74 per pupil in other districts of comparable size. In releasing its findings the association said "School costs in California should show a decided drop when 1943-44 budgets are made up. In wartime, all nonessentials should be dropped from school programs. Manpower needs already have caused teacher shortages in some places; use of materials and supplies must be considerably curtailed." "Available teachers must cover the whole basic education program which means that frills must go. Taxpayers should benefit in reduced local taxes for school purposes, for no school district or other local government should collect a single dollar of taxes not required for immediate current needs."