anaheim-gazette 1930-05-22

THE ANAHEIM GAZETTE ESTABLISHED 1870 HENRY KUCHEL, Editor and Publisher ISSUED EVERY THURSDAY SUBSCRIPTION PER YEAR ... $2.00 SIX MONTHS ... 1.00 Entered at the Anaheim, California Postoffice as second-class matter. OUR PART IN CIVIL WAR California's part in the Civil War, a virtually unknown phase of this state's romantic history, has been uncovered during the course of an investigation by State Treasurer Charles G. Johnson. Engaged in compiling information to secure return to this state by the federal government of nearly $4,000,000 interest paid on California bonds issued for support of the state's Civil War volunteers, Johnson found a mass of information on this interesting era. "In 1863 and 1864, California was engaged in a distant, but important struggle to aid in maintaining the Union during the Civil conflict," Johnson explained. "Two bond issues were floated, one in 1863 for $600,000 and one in 1864 for $2,000,000, to encourage enlistment in the California forces. The first issue was used to give five dollars a month to each soldier in addition to this pay, and the second to enable the state to offer $160 to every man who voluntarily enlisted. "There was no conflict here, of course, between the Confederate and Union soldiers, but the California men aided in guarding the Overland mail routes and the emigrant trails, as well as suppressing Indian rebellions." Untold assistance was rendered to the Union cause by the Californians, Johnson asserted, and the last state legislature passed a bill, authorizing an attempt at recovery of the interest paid by the state on the bonds which supplied funds to keep the state's forces intact during the civil conflict. Interest at six per cent annually is still being paid on $844,500 to each soldier in addition to this pay, and the second to enable the state to offer $160 to every man who voluntarily enlisted. "There was no conflict here, of course, between the Confederate and Union soldiers, but the California men aided in guarding the Overland mail routes and the emigrant trails, as well as suppressing Indian rebellions." Untold assistance was rendered to the Union cause by the Californians, Johnson asserted, and the last state legislature passed a bill, authorizing an attempt at recovery of the interest paid by the state on the bonds which supplied funds to keep the state's forces intact during the civil conflict. Interest at six per cent annually is still being paid on $844,500 of the original $2,600,000 in bonds, as this portion of the total issue was never retired, Johnson said. "California feels that this is a direct claim on the Federal government," Johnson continued. "The west was far removed from the battle scenes of the Civil War. But the moral effect had this state gone on the Confederate side, might have marked the turning point of the war. "MILITARISTIC" AMERICA! The number of men in the United States army is misrepresented by propagandists. Recent figures furnished by the War Department stipulate the strength of the regular army is 12,000 officers and 118,750 enlisted men, and 6,500 Philippine scouts. These troops are distributed among the garrisons of continental United States, Hawaii, Panama, the Philippines, Porto Rico, and Alaska. The National Guard has a strength of 190,000; the organized reserves, 100,000 officers; the Reserve Officers' Training Crops, 125,000 students, and the Citizens' Military Training Camps, 35,000 trainees each year. Comparisons based on 1927 figures in the Statistical Branch, General Staff, state that the regular army is, in actual numbers, smaller than the active army if either Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Russia, China, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Roumania, Spain or Jugoslavia. Germany, limited by the Versailles treaty, is the only world power whose army is smaller than ours. In proportion to population, to area, to area including dependencies, to wealth, to cost of maintenance in percentage of national wealth, and in cost in percentage of total governmental expenditures our regular army is much smaller than that of any of the other great powers. In proportion to population, our army is 1-5 that of Great Britain, 1-12 France, 1-5 Italy, 5-8 Germany, 1-3 Japan, 1-4 Russia. In soldiers in proportion to area we are 1-54 of Great Britain, 1-59 France, 1-47 Italy, 1-13 Germany, 1-30 Japan, 1-2 Russia. In soldiers per billion of national wealth we are 1-6 of Great Britain, 1-28 France, 1-26 Italy, 1-6 Germany, 1-14 Japan, 1-63 Russia. In cost of maintenance in percentage of national wealth, we are 1-5 of Great Britain, 1-6 France, 1-6 Italy, 1-3 Germany, 1-4 Japan. Taking the active military forces of 52 of the leading nations (ourselves included) we find that the average army strength is .38% of the average total population. Ours is .11% or less than one-third. The average reserve military strength of these 52 nations is 1.72% of the average total population. Ours is .24% or less than one-seventh. The average total military force of these 42 nations is 2.10% of the average total population. Ours is .35% or one-sixth. In other words, in proportion to population our regular army Taking the active military forces of 52 of the leading nations (ourselves included) we find that the average army strength is .38% of the average total population. Ours is .11% or less than one-third. The average reserve military strength of these 52 nations is 1.72% of the average total population. Ours is .24% or less than one-seventh. The average total military force of these 42 nations is 2.10% of the average total population. Ours is .35% or one-sixth. In other words, in proportion to population, our regular army is less than one-third as large as the average active army of 52 leading nations (ourselves included). Our reserve military strength is less than one-seventh of the average. Our total, active and reserve is one-sixth of the average. Based on what the average of 52 nations is doing in maintaining an army and based on man-power, our regular army should be seven times its size. SHIPYARDS GETTING BUSY One of the encouraging signs of the times, from a business as well as a patriotic standpoint, is the increasing activity in the American shipyards with even more activity in prospect in the months to come. The shipyards which have been too often idle in recent years, employ thousands of men when going full blast and in many ways help to increase the general business of the country. Another important fact is, of course, that the revival of shipbuilding in America means the growth of the American merchant marine. When the average American thinks if the merchant marine, he pictures to himself the proud Yankee clipper ships of early days, ships which have been immortalized in song and story, and later through the moving pictures. But it is not to be forgotten that Uncle Sam has a new merchant marine and that it is steadily growing. H. G. Smith, president of the National Council of American Shipbuilders, predicted recently that in the near future, the American merchant marine will have arrived at the point where to maintain it at its then present strength will require the building of fifty ships a year. Mail contracts recently awarded by the Postmaster General at Washington will stimulate the shipbuilding and America's carrying trade. The contracts will require the building of twenty-five or thirty ships for the foreign trade in addition to the construction of the thirteen that were already under way at the beginning of the present year. These ships will include great trans-Atlantic liners and smaller ships going to South America and the other continents. GROWING MARKET FOR OUR FRUIT Shipments of Citrus Fruits to Foreign Lands Rapidly Increasing Each Year The consumption of citrus fruits in Europe and other foreign countries has made rapid advances in the past few years. United States export figures on oranges and grapefruit show an enormous gain. During 1929, due to the extremely large crop of California oranges, record shipments were made to foreign countries. Figures from the United States Department of Commerce show the total United States exports of citrus fruit during 1929 amounted to almost two billion boxes, exclusive of Canada, which is our nearest market and which received 3,600,000 boxes, mostly of California fruit. The United Kingdom ranked second to Canada in imports from the United States last year, taking 1,400,000 boxes as against 150,000 boxes in 1928 and previous high takings of 600,000 in 1927. These figures naturally show wide variation from year to year, depending on whether the crop is large or small, but export figures have shown a large constant gain. California is the biggest shipper to this market. The California Fruit Growers' Exchange, which controls approximately 75 per cent of the citrus crop, shipped almost a million boxes last year. In 1929, the Netherlands came into second place among European orange importers with 103,000 boxes as against negligible quantities previously received. Germany imported 81,000 as against former high imports of 28,000 boxes. New Zealand, 75,000; China, 59,000; Philippine Ils., 48,000; Hong Kong, 19,000; Newfoundland and Laborador, 17,000; Sweden, 14,000; Mexico, 13,000; British Malaya, 12,000; Norway, 12,000; Australia, 7,200; Japan, 4,900; Finland, 4,700; Dutch W. Indies, 4,700; Panama, 4,500; Venezuela, 2,600; Hermuda, 2,000; Ceylon, 2,000; Colombia, 1,800; Denmark, 1,100; Argentina, 1,100; Java certificates at the ports of San Francisco and Los Angeles. It is important for shippers to remember that the success of the export business in California fresh fruit and vegetables depends entirely upon the delivery of satisfactory products in good condition. The development of a greater trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific market for California citrus fruits will react to the benefit of both the shipper and the consumer. The California grower will be benefited by wider market for his products, which is of great importance in relieving the strain on domestic markets during bumper crop years such as 1929. The consumer is benefited by a year-round supply of oranges and grapefruit. California Bees Always Busy Eight years ago Los Angeles was not on the map as a major port for honey export, practically all the sweet crop that went to Europe starting from eastern ports. Today that is all changed. Los Angeles right now is exporting 50 per cent of the honey shipped out of this country. In other words, as much as all the other ports combined. There is good reason to believe the proportion may be even greater in the future. Looking backward again, it might be pointed out that eight years ago honey from the Rocky Mountain States was a drug on the market in Southern California. What was not consumed locally was shipped to be sold in the market there or exported. Now California finds she cannot get along with the 15-, 40-, 60- poundsounds about 50 carloads produced within her own borders,and in order to meet the demand both in the domestic market and for export annually brings in many carloads of mesquite,catskill alfalfa and sweet clover honey from other Western States. Last year,something like 6,000,000 pounds (200 carloads) of honey left the port of Los Angeles for foreign markets an dthe year before the figures were equally large. One naturally wonders what countries have to import al lthis honey to satisfy their appetite for nature's own concern. In 1923, the Netherlands came into second place among European orange importers with 103,000 boxes as against negligible quantities previously received. Germany imported 81,000 as against former high imports of 28,000 boxes. New Zealand, 75,000; China, 69,000; Philippine IIs, 48,000; Hong Kong, 19,000; Newfoundland and Laborador, 17,000; Sweden, 14,000; Mexico, 13,000; British Malaya, 12,000; Norway, 12,000; Australia, 7,200; Japan, 4,900; Finland, 4,700; Dutch W. Indies, 4,700; Panama, 4,500; Venezuela, 2,600; Bermuda, 2,000; Ceylon, 2,000; Colombia, 1,800; Denmark, 1,100; Argentina, 1,100; Java and Madura, 1,100. The bulk of oranges going to Europe are mostly California fruit. Valencia oranges are shipped in the period from April until September, inclusive. There is little opportunity for profitable orange exports to European countries during the winter months, due to the large supplies of Spanish and other winter oranges at that time. Last year shipments were practically all of very small-sized oranges, permitting retailing in foreign markets at prices considerably lower than previously had been asked for United States oranges and enabling many persons with low purchasing power to become acquainted with the fruit for the first time. This widespread distribution of United States oranges should have a favorable reaction on further shipments. The California Fruit Growers' Exchange has been constantly building its export business ever since the close of World War. In the last eight years, exchange shipments to Europe have been increased 376 per cent over the total of the preceding twelve years. In 1929, the Sunkist brand was available in almost 1000 United Kingdom and European markets—33 per cent more markets than handled the previous crop. When California and South Africa started developing this summer market a few years ago, oranges during the warm months were considered quite a novelty by the people of Europe. With the constantly increasing supply of out-of-season oranges, however, more and more people are realizing that citrus fruits are just as beneficial to health in summer as in winter. This growing consumer acceptance of oranges all the year around gives promise to summer orange shippers of even greater marketshours to come. The California Fruit Growers' Exchange is gradually building up a summer trade of orange and grapefruit in trans-Atlantic markets, with a view to eventually placing it more on a par with the winter citrus fruit consumption, which is now very high. An abundance of low-priced oranges from Spain and other Mediterranean countries during the winter supplies the entire European market with an average per capitaconsumption of approximately fifty oranges. The summer consumption at present is less than four per person. This naturally presents a very desirable market for California, South Africa, South America and Aus- produced within her own borders, and in order to meet the demand both in the domestic market and for export annually brings in many carloads of mesquite, catsvlaw, alfalfa and sweet clover honey from other Western States. Last year something like 6,000,000 pounds (200 carloads) of honey left the port of Los Angeles for foreign markets, an dthe year before the figures were equally large. One naturally wonders what countries have to import at lthis honey to satisfy their appetite for nature's own concentrated sweet. Great Britain and Germany are the best buyers an dthey are moth extremely particular and discriminating, but in quite different ways. Your Englishman knows what he likes in honey and must have that and nothing else. He is a connolasseur in flavor, color and body, and will accept nothing which he considers inferior. It is not surprising then, that he prefers the California orange blossom and the mountain sage honey, both of which are produced only in this State. Your German may not be quite as particular as to flavor, but he must have honey which meets the exacting requirements of the German chemists. The enzyme content must be adequate and the honey must not have been heated beyond a certain degree for fear of injuring some of the delicate auxiliary substances believed to be in honey. Both England and Germany have many years imported much honey from Cuba, South America and Guatemala, as well as from Austrialia and New Zealand, but they are now importing more from Southern California than from the other places. The white clover honey of the East has long been celebrated for its delicate and delicious flavor, and one would naturally suppose it to be the most popular honey in the world. Pure sage honey, unmixed with any other wild flowers, is very white and wonderfully delicate in flavor. It is much prized by honey packers and in a good year equals or exceeds the orange honey crop. Actual figures as to the size of the orange honey crop are lacking, but it is believed that in a favorable year it reaches the astonishing total of 6,000,000 pounds. The orange honey is produced from the great citrus groves of Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange counties, and also in the region around Porterville in the San Joaquin Valley. The sage honey comes mostly from the so-called back country in the mountains, Santa Barbara, Ventura and San Diego counties ranking high in the production of this fine product. Imperial Valley produces a normal crop of some forty cars of honey from its fields of alfalfa and cotton. These plants likewise yield honey in the Joaquin Valley. In the northern counties... mer trade of orange and grapefruit in trans-Atlantic markets, with a view to eventually placing it more on a par with the winter citrus fruit consumption, which is now very high. An abundance of low-priced oranges from Spain and other Mediterranean countries during the winter supplies the entire European market with an average per capitaconsumption of approximately fifty oranges. The summer consumption at present is less than four per person. This naturally presents a very desirable market for California, South Africa, South America and Australia, the production centers where summer oranges are available. That the public consciousness has been awakened to the dietetic value of all fruits is borne out by the success of the "Eat More Fruit" advertising campaign in the United Kingdom, Germany and other European countries. This educational campaign, which features all fruits, is fostered by fruit importers and wholesalers by a certain assessment per box on all fresh fruits imported during the year. The campaign has been especially successful in Germany, where thousands of fruit wholesalers and retailers are back of the movement. Colorful window display cards, cook books featuring fruits, special newspaper articles analyzing the healthful qualities of fresh fruits and broadcasting from radio stations—all have helped "put over" the idea. One of the most popular of these European fresh fruit campaigns was conducted in the British Isles before German campaign started. It has resulted in a decided increase in the consumption of fresh fruit. Such campaigns are rapidly placing the European consumption of healthful fruits on the same high plane that it enjoys in America. During last year the California Fruit Growers' Exchange carried on an intensive campaign throughout the British Isles featuring oranges. Newspaper space was used extensively and there were show cards and various other dealer helps. A merchandise crew under the direction of one of the United States dealer service men co-operated with retailers to increase orange sales. One of the things that has assisted growers, packers and shippers in developing export markets for California fruits and vegetables has been the work of Director Hecke of the State Department of Agriculture for a new and simplified form of Federal-State grade cer- Marketing Fruits in Orient Marketing of California fruits in the Orient is the subject of addresses now being made in principle fruit producing sections of California by Professor B. H. Crocheron, director of Agricultural Extension in the University of California. Professor Crocheron has recently returned from an eight months investigation of the marketing problem for California fruits in the Orient. The Northern California sections have already been covered by Professor Crocheron and he is now in the San Joaquin valley district. His remaining itinerary includes Modesto, May 20; Fresno, May 21; Visalla, May 22; Bakerfield, May 23; Ventura, May 24; Riverside, May 26; Anaheim, May 27; Los Angeles, May 28; and San Luis Obispo, May 29. Pioneer's Birthday James Sampson Russell, pioneer Californian who has lived in El Dorado county since 1863 celebrated his 100th birthday recently, with a huge cake presented to him by friends, surmounted with 100 candles. The pioneer sailed around the Horn in 1849 and was in Sacramento when California became a state. Governor A. W. Norblad of Oregon, turning switch key of World's Champion "Caterpillar" Ten at the close of the run. CATERPILLAR REG. U.S. PAT. OFF MODEL TEN ats World's Non-Stop Record for Tractors by Three Days! WORLD'S CHAMPION! That's the title which has been fairly and gloriously won by the sturdy "Caterpillar" Model Ten Tractor. In a marvelous exhibition of endurance, working under severe conditions, a "Caterpillar" Ten owned by Oregon State That's the title which has been fairly and gloriously won by the sturdy "Caterpillar" Model Ten Tractor. In a marvelous exhibition of endurance, working under severe conditions, a "Caterpillar" Ten owned by Oregon State College, shattered the world's record for non-stop tractor runs, which was also held previously by a "Caterpillar". The test was not a private one but was staged by the Oregon State College. All details and data were carefully checked by Professor W. J. Gilmore and his assistants. 481 Hours of Continuous Operation Under Normal Farm Loads For twenty days and twenty nights the "Caterpillar" Ten worked tirelessly, pulling loads greater than are used for average farm work, under unusually severe conditions. It traveled 1012 miles and performed as much work as many tractors are normally expected to do in a year. And it achieved this remarkable feat without a single stop! To the farmer of Southern California, this epoch-making event means a great deal more than the mere breaking of a world’s record. It means that you can now obtain a tractor of proven stamina and dependability which at the same time is compact in size and low in price. (You can buy a "Caterpillar" Ten, delivered on your farm for only $1185.) Though they are hard to get, we have "Caterpillar" Tens ready for immediate delivery. Order yours today. SHEPHERD EXTRACTOR & EQUIPMENT CO. 514 WEST TWELFTH STREET, LOS ANGELES, CALIF. ANA: 410 West 5th Street A: 773 East Second Street OXNARD: 346 Oxnard Boulevard SANTA PAULA: 116 N. 11th St. ale the Census Tells By Albert T. Reid COME ON! HANK, WE'RE GOING TO TOWN EXODUS FROM THE FARMS To TOWN. MOVIES - COMPANYCONVIENIENCES, AND SCHOOLS - LESS HARDSHIPS AND ANY ARTLES