anaheim-gazette 1925-09-03

California Methods Of Silk Production San Diego Has 320 Acres of Mulberry Trees The spectacle of a million pounds per week of raw silk moving through the Pacific ports from the Orient to the eastern textile centers has aroused California to the prospects of a domestic supply. San Diego county is taking the lead in this new industry, and the first model plantation now is under development in the Escondido valley. The project will operate a mulberry grove of 320 acres and an industrial plant in the city of Escondido. The San Diego County Silk Corporation, which is developing this unit, is financed and sponsored by a group of Escondido bankers and business men. The enterprise has been initiated with the support of the public commercial associations of the entire county in consideration of its great potential for agricultural and industrial development. The production of raw silk is properly an industry for large scale operations and scientific practices. Research in the past few years in the culture and food value of the mulberry leaf and the physiology and nutrition of the silk producing insect suggest obvious methods to be applied on a mass production basis that greatly reduce the cost and at the same time improve the quality of the product. Fortunately for California and the Southwest, there are certain natural and technical advantages that limit the application of these methods to this region. But California's good fortune eventually will be shared by the manufacturers who consume annually about fifty million pounds of the raw product for which they pay $350,000,000 and the wearers of silk garments, the ultimate consumers, who pay more than double this amount for the finished product. The chief stimulus for the research that has changed the aspect of silk production is cold temperatures without which they do not hatch. The production program for the Escondido plant is concerned with climatic, horticultural, physiological and industrial controls. A long dry season with light humidities provides a natural environment against which to routine irrigation, fertilization and pruning, and get a result in protein maintenance and leaf growth that will supply a continuous harvesting for a period of six to seven months. Artificial environments in the hibernators, incubators and batching nursery, and in the cocooneries will provide the physiological controls that prolong the hibernation period of the egg and make possible the delivery of successive hatchings and cocoon crops in heavily concentrated rearings, regulating the duration of each period in the insect's cycle of life and promoting its vigor and productivity. There is set up in this procession of rearings a constant labor effort that will produce in recoverable filament from 30 to 40 times the result from labor that is obtained in the "cottage" system abroad. Cocoonery space and tray areas will deliver 10 times the rearings in California practice that they do abroad. The industrial plant will be about 10 minutes' haul for the leaves from the grove. The plant consists of the laboratory for handling all processes in connection with the eggs and the nursery, tests for grove and cocoonery practices and for the product of the filature. The supervisors for the plant operations will be technical men trained in scientific agriculture, industrial chemistry and mechanics. The labor readily classifies into special operations.. About 125 supervisors and operatives will be employed at maximum production, shifting from cocoon production to the work of conversion during the winter months. The study of costs abroad bring out some interesting comparative figures with forecasted costs for Escondido. Two items enter into the cost of a pound of skelin in the foreign filature. The cocoon cost and the reeling. The average price of fresh cocoons, it requires about 10 pounds to reel one pound of thread, has been in France. Aileen Riggin stating that she waves in fancy easily retain her ring 1925. This graph is the new... Fortunately for California and the Southwest, there are certain natural and technical advantages that limit the application of these methods to this region. But California's good fortune eventually will be shared by the manufacturers who consume annually about fifty million pounds of the raw product for which they pay $350,000,000 and the wearers of silk garments, the ultimate consumers, who pay more than double this amount for the finished product. The chief stimulus for the research that has changed the aspect of silk production has been the rising cost and the unusual increase in the use of silk textiles. In 50 years the use of silk goods in the United States has increased 65 times, but most of this increase has taken place in the past 10 years. The value of raw silk imported in 1915 was $90,000,000. In 1922 it was $300,000,000 and an equivalent poundage and value have been maintained annually since. More than 90 per cent of these purchases passes through the Pacific ports free of duty. Under the control of the Japanese monopoly the price for average grades has fluctuated in 10 years from $6 to $18 per pound. The current invoice price per pound in the Orient must be at least $7.50 to return a small profit to the reeling plant and keep the "cottage" farmer interested in rearing the worm. With an advance in wages in Japan from 300 to 500 per cent since the war and a present rising tide, higher prices for raw silk are inevitable. Further, consider that raw silk is transported more than 9000 miles at high rates for cargo space, interest and insurance. The economic position present and prospective is in favor of California. The raw material comes to the American textile mille in two forms: raw silk skeln and silk waste. Raw silk is an aggregate thread made up in average weights from parallel long filaments of four or six coccoons held together by the natural gum. Silk waste in condition compares with raw cotton or raw wool and is the unreelable floss fibers and broken fibers from reeling. The first step the textile mill takes is to convert the raw silk into yarns. Raw silk is made into yarn by doubling and twisting. Yarns from waste are called spun silk, and are made by processes similar to the spinning of flax or cotton. The cocoon filament which is the basis for these operations is one two-thousandth of an inch in diameter and its length in the cocoon will vary from 250 to 1500 yards, depending on the vigor of the worm, its food supply, its environment during rearing and other influences that are controllable. The strength, evenness and recoverable length of this delicate filament determine its value for textiles. Associated with these properties in their highest grading is an inverse ratio of costs for coccoons and costs for reeling. It costs less to make high grade raw silk than low grade. However, this is not a new or unusual situation. It is a rule that applies to many other California industries associated with agri- Nevada Building Highway of Gold California must be watchful of her laurels of "The Golden State," since her neighbor, Nevada, is building a road of gold. White Pine county, assisted by the Nevada state highway department, is building a road between Ely and McGill with materials which include raw flour and flake gold. The gold was discovered in the gravel being excavated about eight miles from Ely for the road construction, and while it is not present in quantities that would make it a profitable mining proposition, according to the bulletin to the engineering department of the Automobile Club of Southern California, a panning of the "fines" at the gravel pit discloses interesting colors. Controversy as to the respective merits of asphaltic and concrete pavements goes merrily on, while engineers in Nevada are building a road with raw gold in the materials with no idea of removing the mineral. The metal is not recommended generally as a road-making material, but its value in footing the bills is still undisputed. The motto of the average Chicago gangster seems to be "a murder a day keeps ennul away." TAX REPEAL The plan to abort taxes would in actual taxes because of the would develop between way of encouraging inheritance tax laws courage the migrants capitalists from state heritance taxes to the levy inheritance tax of the federal estate the federal governmeans of securing free securities now federal income tax law. There is no good rer merchants, farmers men should ask con tax burdens on them afford relief to the tax-exempt securities during the life. One of the principle inheritance taxes is tax taxes are frequently property well as by the foe This multiple tax remedied, except in the repeal of federal duplication can be v by amending the fee that credit on federal be given for all in taxes paid to states. The federal law amended in the inter business and agriculture federal estate taxes which the income federal taxation and eral estate tax on to stand higher than federal income tax Hours: Except Sundays 8 to 12—1 to 5:30 Dr. Walter OPTOMETRIS We Do Our Own 185 W. Center St. its length in the cocoon will vary from 250 to 1500 yards, depending on the vigor of the worm, its food supply, its environment during rearing and other influences that are controllable. The strength, evenness and recoverable length of this delicate filament determine its value for textiles. Associated with these properties in their highest grading is an inverse ratio of costs for cocoons and costs for reeling. It costs less to make high grade raw silk than low grade. However, this is not a new or unusual situation. It is a rule that applies to many other California industries associated with agriculture and husbandry. In the hands of the Oriental or European "cottage" farmer, unhygienic and primitive practices and unfavorable climatic environments multiply the losses, deficiencies, and labor operations in both rearing and reeling. Under scientific methods in a congenial climate these elements are minimized. The silk producing insect has been domesticated for about 45 centuries, which is at least 15 centuries longer in the service of man than the domesticated chicken. It lives in four phases, the egg, larva, chrysalis and adult insect. The moth, the larva stage being the preparation for cocoon spinning and of the most interest to commerce. In both the larval and moth stages it is very easily managed. It lives its larval life and spins its cocoon on a tray in a rearing house where its natural food, the mulberry leaf, is supplied in regular rations. During the larval life, about four weeks, it grows at an amazing rate, increasing its size 10,000 times. This growth is produced by the high percentage of proteins in the leaf. The mulberry leaf in preferred varieties contain in dry weight more than double the proteins of alfalfa, the most nutritive of forage plants, and an equal amount with fish or beef. This protein is also stored as a colloid solution in the silk glands, practically unaltered exceptin physical state. And at the maturity of the larva this solution is drawn from the glands and coagulates as a slender filament to form the cocoon shell. The eggs laid by the moths of reproduction cocoons are the seed for the race from season to season. They pass naturally through a series of hibernation changes, the last of which is a Santa Fe Ticket Office and Travel Bureau C. A. WALKER, Agent Santa Fe Station Phone 217 FULLERTON POLICE PATROL IN AUTOS City Council Orders Each Man to Buy Motor Car The first city in Orange county to take the step, the Fullerton board of trustees has ordered abandoned the use of motorcycles by traffic officers. In place of the motorcycle officers, the entire police force is to be motorized. The trustees voted approval of the plan as worked out by Chief of Police O. W. Wilson. Each member of the force will own and operate his own car, which must be of a type under general specifications of "Dodge class or better." The sum of $45 per month will be allowed for the use of seven of the cars, and the eighth car, which will be provided by the desk sergeant, will receive a $30 maintenance allowance, as its mileage will be less than that of the regular patrolmen. In addition to this allowance, a maximum of 80 gallons of gasoline per month for each car will be allotted and oil provided. Upkeep will be left to the individual owners, with the requirement that their cars be kept in good operating condition at all times. The two cars now operated by the police department and owned by the city will be sold, as will the two motorcycles used by the two traffic officers, who will now operate in automobiles. This plan will be effective as soon as it can be put in operation. It was said last night, and Chief Wilson expects to have his force completely and satisfactorily equipped and in action under the new plan. Replacing of the motorcycles of the traffic officers with automobiles has been under consideration for some time, attracting especial interest following the accidents in which both motor policemen were seriously injured a few weeks ago. It was pointed out by Wilson that by each member of the department owning and operating his own car, a system which has been successfully followed in California and other cities of the state. TIMETABLE A. T. & S. F. Ry. Coast Lines In effect May 10th, 1925 Trains to Los Angeles *No. 79 6:06 A.M. $No. 71 11:53 A.M. $No. 73 4:46 P.M. No. 75 8:58 P.M. Trains From Los Angeles No. 78 2:00 A.M. No. 74 3:46 A.M. No. 74 3:16 P.M. No. 73 7:24 P.M. * Through sleepers to Kansas City, Minneapolis and Chicago. * Through sleepers to Denver, St. Louis, Chicago and Grand Canyon connections. San Bernardino and Riverside connection. § Houston, Galveston, Texas, New Orleans and Phoenix connections. San Bernardino and Riverside connection. C. A. WALKER, Agent. NOTICE OF ASSESSMENT Pacific Mausoleum Company; Location Of Principal Place of Business, Anaheim, California Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the Board of Directors, held on the 17th day of August, 1925, an assessment of One Cent per share, or One cent on each On-Dollar, was levied upon the subscribed capital stock of this corporation, payable immediately in United States gold coin, to the Secretary of said Company, at its office, 211 West Charlest Street, in the City of Anaheim, State of California. Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain unpaid on the 20th day of October, 1:25, will be delinquent and advertised for sale at public auction, and unless payment is made before, will be sold on Tuesday, December 1st, 1925. TAX REPEAL BOOMERANG The plan to abolish federal estate taxes would in actual practice destroy the ability of states to levy inheritance taxes because of the competition which would develop between the states in the way of encouraging the repeal of state inheritance tax laws. This would encourage the migration of capital and capitalists from states which levy inheritance taxes to those which do not levy inheritance taxes. Also the repeal of the federal estate tax would deprive the federal government of its only means of securing revenue from tax-free securities now exempt under the federal income tax law. There is no good reason why bankers, merchants, farmers and other business men should ask congress to lay heavier tax burdens on themselves in order to afford relief to the estates of owners of tax-exempt securities which avoid taxation during the life of their owners. "Big money rushes to tax-exempts as iron filings to a magnet." Large fortunes thus invested ought to pay estate taxes until the federal constitution is amended to permit taxation of their income during the life of their owners. One of the principal objections to inheritance taxes is the fact that such taxes are frequently levied on the same property by several different states, as well as by the federal government. This multiple taxation would not be remedied, except in a small degree, by the repeal of federal estate taxes. This duplication can be very easily remedied by amending the federal law to provide that credit on federal estate taxes shall be given for all inheritance or estate taxes paid to states. The federal law should also be amended in the interest of American business and agriculture by reducing federal estate taxes on all property on which the income is now subject to federal taxation and by leaving the federal estate tax on tax-free securities to stand higher than on those subject to federal income tax. Hours: Except Sundays 8 to 12—1 to 5:30 Residence 1169-J Dr. Walter R. Blakely OPTOMETRIST-OPTICIAN We Do Our Own Lens Grinding 185 W. Center St. Anaheim, Calif. Chance to buy back east excursion tickets Santa Fe $86 round trip Chicago proportionate reductions & many other points On sale daily to September 15th Return limit October 31st Stopovers either way Santa Fe all the way Insures uniformity of service Fred Harvey Meals Grand Canyon Line INSTANT SUCCESS BI Greater Beauty!—Finer Performm NOT ONE—BUT A Almost over night, the latest Oldsmobile Six has b cars in America. The reasons are clear-cut: Longer, lower, handsomer bodies built by Fisher and finished in twosmoother acceleration, in greater economy, in easier steering, and in give Oldsmobile a new dominance in its price field. Confirm this nation-wide swing to the new Touring $875 Coach $950 f. o. b. 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