anaheim-gazette 1925-08-13

PERTINENT FACTS ABOUT IRRIGATION Soil Auger Should Be Used to Determine Moisture Needed Raymond Nebelung, president of the Anaheim Farm Bureau, writes as follows on the water conservation problem: Following three unusually dry seasons, it is not surprising that there has been a general lowering of the water level in the wells throughout the district. This lack of precipitation has been not only locally, but also in the mountains which form the watershed of our locality. Lakes and streams are low and the situation generally is one that calls for co-operation on the part of all irrigators in making the most possible use of all water and allowing none to be wasted or used when not necessary. There is a certain definite amount of water that should be used for best results to the growing crop, whether it be tree or truck. More or less than this amount will cause injury to the crop or waste of water and sometimes both. The grower should have some means of determining this optimum amount. The object of this article is principally to try and show by what means water can be conserved following dry years such as we have had. We know that this must be done, as figures can be presented to show that there is considerably more water being taken out of the underground basin than is being run into it. Such a condition cannot continue indefinitely, and each irrigator owes it to himself and to the entire district to do whatever is possible to save water. Merely because a grower has his own plant and can pump all the water he needs is no excuse for using more water than is necessary for the best condition of his trees. This water all comes from a common source of supply and every bit that is removed from this source leaves that much less for future use until the supply is replenished much more rapidly than it has been during the last several years. Probably the most simple method for the grower to practice where he wishes that it is going to require many extra irrigations. A method of irrigating which is coming into popular favor is of employing a qualified chemist to make analysis of the soil to determine the wilting point and the amount of available moisture and to notify the grower when his soil and trees are in need of water. In almost every instance where this system is being used, there is less water being applied than formerly and in some cases the amount is being cut in half. This means that on these groves only 50 per cent of the amount of water that was formerly used is now being used, resulting in an actual saving of this amount to the underground water system or to the irrigation companies. This decreased irrigation has also resulted in the trees being in much better condition, as too much water was being applied formerly. A different method of distribution by water companies would also result in a saving of our water supply. A grower often has to take water when it is his turn in that particular run or else wait probably three weeks or longer until it will reach him in the next run. He does not need the water at the time, but knows that his trees cannot wait three weeks longer, and of the two evils he chooses the lesser one; that is, he irrigates before it is necessary. If the grower could receive the water on order, he probably would wait six or seven weeks between irrigations, instead of four or five, and would save one or two irrigations during the season, which multiplied by several thousand acres, would mean a great saving for the future in our supply of irrigation water. While the writer does not wish to appear unduly alarmed about the water situation, still it is time that the grower who is absolutely dependent upon an adequate irrigation water supply begins to realize that he can do certain things to insure his supply for the future. Water receding in the wells can only mean one thing; that is, that the supply in the underground basin is getting lower. There is only a certain limit which water can be lifted and when the water level gets below this, some other means of brining it to the surface will have to be found, if there should be an adequate supply left to bring to the surface. It is a matter of co-operation among all the growers and water com- Climatic Change May Affect Switching Of Likely To Such astonishing removal of the map from California land, and the blooming region of the United States by some meteorological changes which the Humboldt and Earlier reports to government indicate probably be due by the current's velopments seem more widespread ter only begun. If the predictties are borne out, viable place in several places including the United States reports indicate they ready are in process. The Humboldt west along the American. It only waters and, thereof, of water flowing For centuries—in history—this currr altered course, about as far as I seaward. Probably the first six to eight months was that the cur sea to some extent northward than even nomenon had then pounding close to coast the warm w regions and force The Peruvian clim extent varying fr according to tha been received at torrential rains se dous damage to pro costing some h changes were at about the extent continue indefinitely, and each irrigation owes it to himself and to the entire district to do whatever is possible to save water. Merely because a grower has his own plant and can pump all the water he needs is no excuse for using more water than is necessary for the best condition of his trees. This water all comes from a common source of supply and every bit that is removed from this source leaves that much less for future use until the supply is replenished much more rapidly than it has been during the last several years. Probably the most simple method for the grower to practice, where he wishes to make these determinations himself, is by the use of a soil auger. A five-foot auger will give him sufficient information as, except in the case of very large trees, he is not interested below four feet. This depth of irrigation will insure sufficient moisture for the average-sized mature orange trees. Usually any moisture below five feet will be wasted. Before commencing an irrigation, the grower should thoroughly test out all portions of his orchard with the soil auger to determine whether there is an actual need for irrigation. If the soil feels moist to the touch and sticks to the auger, it is almost certain that there is still sufficient moisture in the soil and that it will probably a week or more before it will be necessary to apply water. The practice of irrigating before the soil and the growing crops are in need of it is not only detrimental to the crops, but is an actual waste of water. If the grower has found it necessary to irrigate, he should then know what is becoming of his moisture, that is, how deeply it is penetrating into the soil. Too much irrigation is done by the soil until it reaches the end of the guesswork, the water being run over furrow and then turned into the next ones. An auger examination following an irrigation will often show that the moisture has penetrated to only a depth of a foot or sometimes less on the heavier types of soil and to below five feet on the sandy types. This is causing injury on both types of soil, the heavier types not receiving enough moisture, and the sandy types having the soluble plant foods washed down below the feeding area. If the grower will determine the penetration following an irrigation, he can make corrections by the time he again irrigates, running the water longer on some portions and running it more rapidly and in less time over other portions. If he can get an average of a four-foot penetration on all types of soil, he will be giving his trees the irrigation that is required. This takes practice, and only by examining down to a depth of four feet can a grower know what is actually taking place. As a means of conserving our moisture supply, the writer wishes to offer the following suggestions to users of irrigation water and irrigation companies. While these may not be in exact order of importance, still they all have a direct bearing upon the amount of water than can be saved. Tourist Rates Boom Attendance at Rodeo The summer tourist fare rates now in effect on railroads from Anaheim to Chicago will be the means of increasing traffic considerably between these two points in the next couple of weeks. It is anticipated by railroad passenger agents, who predict that many here will take advantage of the lowered fares to run to Chicago to witness the Roundup and World's Championship Rodeo, which is to be held in the Grant Park stadium, August 15 to 23, by the Chicago Association of Commerce. Late vacationists and business men with an eye on the fall trade are expected to be in the vanguard of this movement on Chicago. August is a month buyers are "going to town" to lay in stocks, and the rodeo will enable business men to combine business with pleasure. Each year Chicago increases its prestige as a recreational, as well as a commercial and industrial center, and the great American sportsmanship classic is expected greatly to add to that prestige. Thirty thousand dollars in pursues has been hung up by the Chicago Association of Commerce for "The Cowboy's Olympic Contests," which for nine days will bring to Chicago thrilling exhibitions of the daring skill of cowboys and cowgirls in competition for world's championship titles in broncho riding, calf roping, steer wrestling and riding. Coming in the latter half of August, after all the district roundups are over, only the "real hands" who have taken prize money at the earlier exhibitions will spit their skill against each other for a share of the large prizes and championship belts and trophies offered at Chicago. This is why the eyes of the entire sporting fraternity of the country are upon the Windy City by the lake. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES Early harvest reports have tended to confirm previous forecasts of satisfactory yields of the principal crops of the Twelfth Federal Reserve district. Weather conditions continued generally situation, still it is time that the grower who is absolutely dependent upon an adequate irrigation water supply begins to realize that he can do certain things to insure his supply for the future. Water receding in the wells can only mean one thing; that is, that the supply in the underground basin is getting lower. There is only a certain limit which water can be lifted and when the water level gets below this, some other means of brining it to the surface will have to be found, if there should be an adequate supply left to bring to the surface. It is a matter of co-operation among all the growers and water companies and if each will do his share, a great deal of the water now being wasted can be saved for a time when it will be needed. Changes in the temperature and rain have caused attention in the Antartic world have started around the world. The project their south America and Africa America extends westward blowing started a current with them. This tip of South America structuion. It also ginnings of the Humboldt current suit was that they was greatly increased quantities of frit which enhanced its velocity and lower Flowing with increase plunged far visually, carrying city of very cold high altitudes. This cold water air and warm water regions brought at the early reports tended up the America and even formia, where a drain has been broken by. It is predicted by conditions continue formia about eight destroying the uss for the motion plan requires long per cent clear weather for sumably the citrus also affected. The ocean has no northward from flows up the weater The freshening of Antarctic winds there, the second lence effect flows northward of Africa. The oceans and freshened continents has been South America hails in the history western Australia rains in 86 years had the heaviest The African cuur AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES Early harvest reports have tended to confirm previous forecasts of satisfactory yields of the principal crops of the Twelfth Federal Reserve district. Weather conditions continued generally favorable during June and early July, although grain crops in the Pacific Northwest and fruit crops in the interior valleys of California were damaged slightly by hot, dry winds during the last week of June. The grain harvest is now in progress in most sections of the district. July 1 forecasts of the Department of Agriculture indicated a total district production of 100,374,000 bushels. This is 43.2 per cent more wheat than was produced in the district last year, but is 11.7 per cent below the five-year average production of 1919-1923, a period which excludes the unusually small crop of 1924, but includes the record yield of 1923 (141,367,000 bushels). The district's 1925 barley crop is estimated at 46,607,000 bushels, compared with 19,270,000 bushels produced in 1924 and the 1919-1923 average yield of 39,395,000 bushels. In California the forecasted yield of 29,882,000 bushels compares with 10,080,000 bushels produced in this state in 1924 and the 1919-1923 average of 30,503,000 bushels. The California rice crop has made excellent progress during the past six weeks. Its condition was estimated at 92 per cent of normal on July 1, which compares with a 10-year average condition of 89 per cent on that date. Approximately 108,000 acres have been planted to rice in California this year, compared with 88,000 acres in 1924. Estimated production is 14.3 per cent less than the five-year average (1919-1923) yield. Wonder if the winner of Mr. Bok's peace essay contest has gone to Morocco or China? Climatic Changes May Affect Coast Switching of Ocean Currents Likely to Alter Climate Such astonishing phenomena as the removal of the motion picture industry from California to some other sunny land, and the blossoming of the great American desert in the southwestern region of the United States, are forecast by some meteorologists as the result of the changes which have taken place in the Humboldt and other ocean currents. Earlier reports to the United States government indicated that Peru would probably be the only country affected by the currents' changes. Later developments seem to indicate a vastly more widespread effect, with the chapter only begun. If the predictions of the scientists are borne out, vital changes will take place in several parts of the world, including the United States. Indeed, the reports indicate that such changes already are in process. The Humboldt current flows northwest along the west coast of South America. It originates in Antarctic waters and, therefore, is a cold stream of water flowing through the ocean. For centuries—in fact throughout known history—this current has held an unaltered course. It flowed northward about as far as Peru and then turned seaward. Probably the first change came about six to eight months ago. The result was that the current swerved out to sea to some extent and plunged further northward than ever before. This phenomenon had the curious effect of impounding close to the South American coast the warm waters of the equatorial regions and forcing them southward. The Peruvian climate grew hotter to an extent varying from 10 to 20 degrees, according to the reports which have been received at different times, and torrential rains set in causing tremendous damage to property and crops and costing some human lives. These changes were at first thought to be about the extent of the effects. lists of South America are greatly interested, especially as their countries are feeling strong effects. Dispatches from the Argentine say that unusual weather is being experienced, with intense cold and such heavy snowstorms that there has been loss of life of men and animals and killing of crops, the effect of the cold currents surging northward. One item of loss alone will run into the millions, it is estimated. The change in the climate of the sea off Peru has killed millions of fish, the food of the birds which furnish the basis for the guano fertilizer industry. Their food gone, the birds themselves have expired in numbers far too great to calculate. The event has been called "the greatest biological holocaust in history." What changes may occur in aquatic life elsewhere remains to be seen and is conjectural, but an official weather bureau report says: "Meterologists will place a large interrogation mark and watch the course of future events with much interest." California Third in Liquor Prescriptions California physicians issued almost a million liquor prescriptions during the 1924 fiscal years, according to a survey of the liquor situation which was made public yesterday by Collector of Internal Revenue Rex B. Goodcell. Outstanding features of the collector's report were: Liquor sold during the 1924 fiscal year on 928,882 physicians' prescriptions amounted to $80,548 pints of whiskey and $384 pints of brandy. Only New York and Illinois led California in the number of physicians' prescriptions issued. In number of arrests for violations of the National Prohibition Act, California headed all states, except New York. The number of arrests made in California was 3189. Automobiles valued at $142,700 were seized in California. This figure was exceeded by bat one state, New Jersey. Wine shipped and delivered in California for sacramental purposes reached a total of 124,816 gallons, compared with 119,142 gallons in 1923 fiscal year. Federal taxes collected on distilled was that the current swerved out to sea to some extent and plunged farther northward than ever before. This phenomenon had the curious effect of impounding close to the South American coast the warm waters of the equatorial regions and forcing them southward. The Peruvian climate grew hotter to an extent varying from 10 to 20 degrees, according to the reports which have been received at different times, and torrential rains set in, causing tremendous damage to property and crops and costing some human lives. These changes were at first thought to be about the extent of the effects. Further study has revealed the causes of the change and, in turn, has shown other changes. Changes in the solar constant—the temperature and radiation of the sun—have caused atmospheric disturbances in the Antarctic regions. High winds have started around the lower end of the world. The three continents which project their southern extremities into the lower seas are Australia, South America and Africa. Of course, South America extends farthest south. The westerly blowing Antarctic winds started a current of sea water flowing with them. This current reached the tip of South America and found an obstruction. It also there met the beginnings of the northward flowing Humboldt current. The inevitable result was that the Humboldt current was greatly increased in volume by vast quantities of frigid Antarctic water which enhanced both its volume and velocity and lowered its temperature. Flowing with increased speed, it naturally plunged farther north than previously, carrying a tremendous quantity of very cold water to unprecedented high altitudes. This cold water, meeting the warm air and warm water of the equatorial regions, brought about the rains. Since the early reports, these rains have extended up the coast through Central America and even to Southern California, where a dry spell of three years has been broken by tremendous rainfall. It is predicted by scientists that if the conditions continue, it will rain in California about eight months of the year, destroying the usefulness of the state for the motion picture industry, which requires long periods of sunlight and clear weather for outdoor work. Presumably the citrus fruit industry would also be affected. The ocean has many currents flowing northward from the Antarctic. One flows up the western coast of Australia. The freshening effect of the westerly Antarctic winds already has been felt there, the second continent to experience the effect. Still another current flows northward along the west coast of Africa. The effect of these winds and freshened currents on these three continents has been that portions of South America have had the heaviest rains in the history of mankind. So far, western Australia has had the heaviest rains in 86 years, and South Africa has had the heaviest in 50 years. The African current also is expected to affect the United States. York and Illinois led California in the number of physicians' prescriptions issued. In number of arrests for violations of the National Prohibition Act, California headed all states, excepting New York. The number of arrests made in California was 3189. Automobiles valued at $142,700 were seized in California. This figure was exceeded by but one state, New Jersey. Wine shipped and delivered in California for sacramental purposes reached a total of 124,816 gallons, compared with 119,142 gallons in 1923 fiscal year. Federal taxes collected on distilled spirits in the United States in the fiscal year 1924 was $27,580,380, as against $365,211,252 in 1919. Fermented liquor produced a tax of $5327 in 1924, compared with $117,839,602 in 1919. At the close of the 1924 fiscal year 39,229,643 gallons of distilled spirits was on hand in government warehouses throughout the country, compared with 282,568,766 gallons in 1913. This is the nation's total supply. There was 31,905,896 gallons of wine on hand in bonded wineries in the United States at the close of the 1924 fiscal year, as against 33,383,400 gallons in 1923. Practically all of this wine is stored in California. In Southern California the total supply of hard liquor consisting of whiskey of 1913 to 1919 vintage, on hand in government warehouses, was 129,058 gallons. The supply on hand in warehouses in San Francisco internal revenue district was 1,172,722 gallons. WON'T GIVE UP THE SHIP New Jersey is not going to give up the navy dirigibles Shenandoah and Los Angeles without a struggle. The argument that California weather conditions are ideal for dirigible work is "a lot of bunk," declared Thomas H. Pratt, president of the Ashbury Park Rotary Club. The club will protest the proposed plan to transfer the dirigible base from Lakehurst to California. "It looks like California boosters have been trying to get our ships out there." Pratt said. "Anyway, it is foolish to hamper the navy by this weather argument." A New York woman, whose husband criticized her for cooking, tried to commit suicide by taking iodine, thus reversing the usual procedure, which is to give the iodine to the critic. ATTACKING THE TARIFF Now that Europe owes the United States more than twelve billions of dollars in direct loans, in addition to large private loans, the demand for a change in our international policies to make the repayment of these loans easier is gradually increasing. The economists of Europe and those in our own country who think along European lines, say that our protective tariff wall should be abolished so that Europe can pay what she owes Uncle Sam in cheap goods, and they are doing what they can to shape public opinion in the United States along free trade lines. Fortunately, however, for the good of America, these efforts are meeting with little success. They are not the policies of the present administration, nor are they accepted policies of the American people. If the tariff wall were lowered and an avalanche of cheap foreign goods poured into America, the European debt would not be paid by Europe but by America; at the expense of American industry. American labor and the American standard of living. The great bulk of the people realize this just as President Cooley realizes it, and Europe's friends in America and elsewhere will have to think up some different scheme for easing the payment of that debt. Ohio has a new state law for licensing real estate agents, and the next thing we know they'll be bootlegging building lots over in the Buckeye state. If those French veterans finally succeed in rounding up the Riffs, General Andrews ought to send for 'em to come over here and get our bootleggers. flows up the western coast of Australia. The freshening effect of the westerly Antarctic winds already has been felt there, the second continent to experience the effect. Still another current flows northward along the west coast of Africa. The effect of these winds and freshened currents on these three continents has been that portions of South America have had the heaviest rains in the history of mankind. So far, western Australia has had the heaviest rains in 86 years, and South Africa has had the heaviest in 50 years. The African current also is expected to affect the United States. This current will flow with greater force and volume in a northwesterly direction, reaching America. It will influence the gulf stream and, thereby, the climate of the eastern part of the United States. Just as the Humboldt already has affected the west coast, the gulf coast also will be affected and the scientific prediction is that a climatic change will occur which will cause rains to fall in what now is called the great American desert, the region embracing portions of Arizona and New Mexico. Artificial irrigation has shown that the soil of this region is highly productive if watered, and this climatic change would furnish the needed moisture. The southeastern section of the United States would experience increased rainfall and the north Atlantic states would be cooler. Scientists all over the world are interesting themselves profoundly in these events because it is recognized that fundamental changes may be produced in industries and in the lives of whole populations. Business men with investments in affected regions also are watching the report with care. The MacMillan expedition to the Arctic is accompanied by scientists who, before departing, obtained data on what is occurring and will look for any changes resulting in the Far North. The German navy has fitted out a special ship to proceed to the southern oceans and make a study of what the ocean currents are doing. Already, the United States coast guard has made reports of indications of changes in the Atlantic. The United States weather bureau has coiled reports on the phenomenon and is studying it. The scien- GOOD MORNING, MISTER JONES — I HAVE A LITTLE NEWS ITEM HERE THAT I'M QUITE SURE YOU WILL BE GLAD TO PRINT — IT'S SHORT, NOT OVER A COLUMN AN' A HALF, AND HAS AN ELECTRO TO GO WITH IT — IT'S A PIPPIN AND YOUR READERS WILL BAT IT UP! ITS ALL ABOUT THE EAST PORTICO OF THE WHITE HOUSE AND WE WERE GOING TO HAVE THE PRESIDENT ROSE FOR US, BUT HE HAD JUST LEFT FOR SRAMPSCOTT, SO WE HAD ONE OF OUR MEN SUBSTITUTE FOR HIM TO DEMONSTRATE OUR NEW, REVERSIBLE, SELF-CLEANING DOOR-MATS! YOU'LL GIVE IT GOOD POSITION, WON'T YOU? HAVE A CIGAR $1.50 Gets the Gazette One Year Children Cry for Fletcher's CASTORIA MOTHER: Fletcher's Castoria is a pleasant, harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Paregoric, Teething Drops and Soothing Syrups, especially prepared for Infants in arms and Children of all ages. It contains no narcotics. To avoid imitations, always look for the signature of Fletcher's Proven directions on each package. Physicians everywhere recommend it. 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