anaheim-gazette 1925-07-30

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA IS NOW FACING UNIQUE WATER PROBLEM Engineer A. L. Sonderreger Contributes Very Important Paper to the Situation The valley of Southern California faces water problems which are somewhat unique. The territory included in this term—which is here defined as all of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside and Orange counties—takes in not only the metropolitan area of the city of Los Angeles, one of the largest and most rapidly growing municipalities of the United States, but also some of the richest agricultural territory in the world. It embraces the watersheds of the Los Angeles, San Gabriel and Santa Ana rivers, writes A. L. Sonderreger in Modern Irrigation. Commercially, this area is a unit, and is being increasingly so recognized. From the standpoint of its ultimate water supply it is no less a unit, and its problems must be so treated. The chief factors affecting the water problem are: (1) An irregular water supply with cycles of pronounced wet and dry periods in which the average supply differs about 3 to 1, and with a large portion of the flood flow wasting into the ocean; (2) A marked shortage of supply, which would exist even if it were feasible to conserve all runoff and regulate the same to a cyclic average; this shortage is proposed to be supplemented from the Colorado river as the only available source; (3) The necessity for large storage to regulate the irregular local supply, and any supplementary imported supply, to a heterogeneous irregular demand which varies with the seasons of the year and with relative wetness of wet and dry years. In these ground-water basins nature has indicated how storage of the floodwaste and of a supplementary supply must be taken care of if this country shall be fully developed and be independent of the periodical fluctuations of local water supply. It is accepted by many engineers that there are well defined cycles of 22 to 23 years consisting of periods of wet and dry years; 10 to 12 years in which the average rainfall and water supply is above normal, followed by a like period in which it falls below normal. The theory is based upon the results of the residual mass curve of rainfall and streamflow which, in turn, rests upon the fact that nature adapts itself to averages accumulating moisture over a period of years and drawing on the same in the period following; otherwise the country would, as one might say, either "dry up" or "drown." The occurrence of periodical fluctuations of water supply has been proved by the Carnegie Institute, for 300 to 500 years back, from the rings of California redwoods and from pines at Flagstaff and Prescott, Arizona. The periods average 11.4 years and follow closely the occurrence of sun spots. The averages of the Seasonal runoff of San Gabriel and Santa Ana rivers for the various periods are an indication of general water supply conditions, to-wit: Average Seasonal Run-Off San Gabriel Santa Ana River River Period Index Watrshed Watrshed Acre Ft.' Acre Ft. 1871-1883 Dry ... 116,700 226,400 Sues P. E. For I Charging that electric railway operation company’s line be Los Angeles on Mr. Richards, 18 years after he was on street car, Mr. ards of Orange had court against that of 526,083.50. In the complaint the approach to crossing from the trees, tall weeds, the defendants are further claimed posted no sign on the crossing to. The car that hit bille was travelled of 45 miles an hour. The accident cost young persons at the coroner's office by the electric complaint filed by Santa Ana law. The Redes In U. The National space to expose revolutionary rainy number this points to the event in the United world. It is said against governmentized Russia as have not. Soviet do with Spain and France. The Soviet ambition in trying to Euro- (2) A marked shortage of supply, which would exist even if it were feasible to conserve all runoff and regulate the same to a cyclic average; this shortage is proposed to be supplemented from the Colorado river as the only available source; (3) The necessity for large storage to regulate the irregular local supply, and any supplementary imported supply, to a heterogeneous irregular demand which varies with the seasons of the year and with relative wetness of wet and dry years. The water problem of this area resolves itself, therefore, into one of conservation of flood waste, in connection with flood control (to be solved individually for each principal watershed), and the importation of a supplementary supply to be considered for the valley of Southern California as a unit. These two problems are correlated and serve the same end. The records of streamflow in Southern California go back about 30 years, those of rainfall generally about 50 years, and for the city of San Diego 75 years. The investigations of the Carnegie Institute indicate periods during which the rainfall fell below our present dry period records by 30 per cent. Computations of safe yield of large watersheds, like that of the valley of Southern California, and upon which large territories depend for their continued development, should, therefore, be discounted by an additional safety factor. The valleys and costal plains within the territory here considered are sunken basins of depths of 1000 feet or more reaching, in most instances, considerably below sea level. They are filled with irregular deposits of sand, gravel and clay, alluvial deposits of the streams issuing from ranges of crystalline formation and are capable of absorbing large volumes of water. The streams crossing the valleys and the rainfall on the valley floor produce seepage which ultimately reaches the ground water table and thence gradually moves to the ocean. Most of the valleys have more or less constricted outlets, like the San Fernando valley, at Glendale; San Gabriel valley at Whittler Narrows; the Santa Ana valley, at Rincon, near Corona; the coastal plains, at Palms; on both sides of Signal Hill, and between Newport and Almitos Beach. The outlets of the coastal plains are gaps cut into the oil anticline which extends from Newport Beach to Huntington Beach, Signal Hill, Athens and Beverly Hills. In the upper valleys the ground waters, backed up by these constrictions, rise to the surface in the stream channels and produce rising streams, such as the Los Angeles river, at Griffith Park, which has a flow of 45 to 80 second feet; the San Gabriel river, at Whittler Narrows, flowing 60 to 120 second feet, and the Santa Ana river, at Rincon, flowing 50 to 150 second feet. In the coastal plains the ground waters do not drain into channels, but surface to the surface of the ocean. San Gabriel Santa Anna River Period Index Wetrshed Watershed Acre Ft. 'Acre Ft. 1871-1883 Dry ..... 116,700 226,400 1883-1893 Wet ..... 234,200 334,000 1893-1904 Dry ..... 61,600 159,900 1904-1916 Wet ..... 206,200 317,000 1916-1927 Dry ..... 103,000 231,800 (Incomplete) Wettest yr. 1883-84 720,500 553,400 Dryest year 1898-99 9,700 66,200 This table indicates a less imperfect regulation between wet and dry periods in the eastern watershed of Southern California, on account of more snowfall and the existence of flats at elevations of 6000 to 8000 feet, for which both the San Bernardino and the San Jacinto mountains are conspicuous, while in the region of the San Gabriel river they are practically absent. A water supply anywhere near the average of a cycle requires the storage of hundreds of thousands of acre feet, which may have to be carried over for several years. There is a further conspicuous irregularity in the seasonal runoff of the years of any one period. The dry period of 1833-1904 produced in the San Gabriel river and tributaries the following runoff: A maximum seasonal of 177,000 acre feet. A minimum seasonal of 9700 acre feet. And an average of 61,600 acre feet. It will therefore require large storage to maintain the average of a dry period. No surface reservoirs are available to store such volumes of water. However, a kind Providence has given us large ground-water basins, arranged in series so that practically a full utilization of the local water supply is possible. Los Angeles county has a flood control, but no conservation organization its flood control plans provide for a system of surface detention reservoirs, the largest one being that proposed for San Gabriel canyon, with a capacity of 240,000 acre feet at an estimated cost of $25,000,000. The requisite capacity of these reservoirs for flood control purposes depends not only on the flood flow, but also upon the magnitude of the effluent during floods and is, therefore, directly related to the question of conservation. The county, however, has no conservation of floodwaste. Within the metropolitan area outside the city there are a great number of water supply organizations, most of which, for growth in the immediate future, depend upon conservation. It is felt that unless their interests are consolidated and co-ordinated with the flood control plans, no systematic utilization of the points to the evaporation in the United world. "The Moscow war on all non-war wherever an oppressive or overt actions is as against governmentized Russia as have not. Soviet to do with the Spain and France. The soviet ambition in trying to Europe greases into an attack against not only its faction and has a friend but has practices which powers in China. In China is of no China, but to in the world-wide destroying civilizations in the U.S. in denouncing toward China in United States by in the Orient used by soviet russia as admission on that America is game in the Oceania this team works dictators and that country is to move to the United States in the Philippines." Farm Producers Accord According to Department of Agriculture, the whole have been in any year since that take crops are promised for winter when it is said further balance in both duction "is a treatment made by since fall ome. The main fault outlook was that be ample to make agriculture will this fall with an major products; the general found to indicate of non-agricultural consequently new purchasing power. "The outlook parenthood good." are relatively higher. The climate cilie of 11 per spring pigs co Corn prices arehibit feeding,and profitable feedlining price ratios furling that the co In the upper valleys the ground waters, backed up by these constrictions, rise to the surface in the stream channels and produce rising streams, such as the Los Angeles river, at Griffith Park, which has a flow of 45 to 80 second feet; the San Gabriel river, at Whittler Narrows, flowing 60 to 120 second feet, and the Santa Ana river, at Rincon, flowing 50 to 150 second feet. In the coastal plains the ground waters do not drain into channels, but rise generally to the surface of the ground and produce moist areas from which the water evaporates. Cased wells sunk in these moist areas have an artesian flow. All these basins are of colossal dimensions, embracing in some instances hundreds of square miles, and they are therefore capable of storing and regulating enormous quantities of water which no surface reservoir could accomplish. The effect of periodical fluctuations of water supply on the groundwater levels is apparent from well observations extending, in a few instances, over a period of about 30 years and, for large numbers of wells, over 20 years. Water levels rise and fall in sympathy with precipitation and streamflow. As all basins are under a more or less uniform natural draft, either by percolation at the outlet or by water rising to the surface, the effect of a subnormal seasonal wetness will produce a deficient recharge as compared with the natural draft and vice versa. The cumulative effect over a dry period is therefore, a gradual recession of the water plane, reaching its low water mark at the end of the dry period. With a wet period, gradual recharge sets in until at the end of the same, peak conditions are reached. These ground-water basins, individually, effect an imperfect natural cyclic storage to the extent of their recharge. The development of horticultural farming in Southern California (with the exception of the San Fernando valley) and the remarkable crop yields of this semi-arid country over wet and dry periods alike have been made possible by the available underground storage. The county, however, has no conservation of floodwaste. Within the metropolitan area outside the city there are a great number of water supply organizations, most of which, for growth in the immediate future, depend upon conservation. It is felt that unless their interests are consolidated and co-ordinated with the flood control plans, no systematic utilization of the flood waste can be made. In the Santa Ana river watershed conservation by spreading floodwaste on the debris cones is practiced on a large scale, the principal organizations being the conservation association operating on the Santa Ana cone and the Pomona Valley Protective Association on San Anatonio creek. Direct diversions are made, without detention storage, as soon after peaks as the water is reasonably free from slit and danger of breaks is past. The ultimate consummation of conservation must be handled in connection with flood control detention reservoirs, both for engineering and for economic reasons. The plans of William Mulholland, chief of the Los Angeles city water department, provide for the diversion of 1500 second feet from the river for domestic use of the cities in the valley of Southern California. The length of the aqueduct is approximately 250 miles, involving a pumping lift of about 1400 feet. Large storage will be required at this end. Generally speaking, surface storage sites are scarce and they have to be used at times for flood control purposes. Underground storage is available and will likely be utilized, with the underground storage of Owens river aqueduct water in San Fernando basin as a precedent. About 150,000 acre feet of water has been stored in that basin underground as seepage from irrigation, with the effect of increasing the dry period flow of the Los Angeles river by 20 second feet. Supplementary as is this Colorado river supply, its use must be co-ordinated to the local supply, so that the rational utilization of all water sources resolves itself into one problem within each principal watershed. The outlook parently good," are relatively higher. The climate of 11 per cent spring pigs co Corn prices are inhibited feeding and profitable feedlots from condition price ratios during that the co for some degree. An average margin of cash penditions, was operated in 1997 by surveyors by the CFO to this margin. Ventures of crops and supplies $ return of $1205 capital and their family. The food and fuel estimated to be eradged. "This is a safer than in 1923," "when a similar operated farm ance of $890. $130 and produce $265 on capital." FILES W J. B. Lippincott report on water county. Mr. J. Lippincott, made a supervisory work until released by his selfs. His chief real county, he said board concerned Orange. Rivers counties, of that the last session preliminary enu to the develop river watershed. Originally, t $50,000. But G it down to $25. measure, accor ANAHEIM GAZETTE Sues P. E. Railway For Big Damages Charging that employees of the Pacific Electric railway had been negligent in the operation of an electric car on the company's line between Santa Ana and Los Angeles on May 8 of this year, with the result that their son, Glen Arthur Richards, 18 years old, was killed when the car he was driving was hit by the street car, Mr. and Mrs. Otis E. Richards of Orange has filed suit in Superior court against the company for a total of 526,083.50. In the complaint it was alleged that the approach to the Sevententh street crossing from the east was hidden by trees, tall weeds and underbrush, which the defendants allowed to grow. It is further recited. The accident cost the lives of two other young persons besides Richards, records at the coroner's office show. The automobile was dragged 100 yards by the electric car, according to the complaint filed by Kaufman & Martell, Santa Ana law firm. The Reds Are Busy In U. S. and China The National Republic devotes much space to exposing the activities of the revolutionary radicals. In the current number this Washington periodical points to the evidences of Red activity in the United States and throughout the world. It says: "The Moscow government is waging war on all non-communist governments wherever an opportunity offers to undermine or overthrow existing institutions. It is as relentless in its warfare against governments which have recognized Russia as against those which have not. Soviet agitation has much to do with the wars waged against Spain and France in northern Africa. The Soviet anglasticator to China is active in trying to convert Chinese opposition to European and Japanese agendas." Suit to Condemn Land for Highway Supervisors Take Action Against Lagune Beach Man Passing a resolution declaring that public necessity requires acquisition of property for the Coast highway through the property of Joe Thurston, in Aliso canyon, below Laguna, the county board of supervisors paved the way for institution at once of condemnation proceedings necessary to acquire the right-of-way across the creek. District Attorney A. P. Nelson has filed the condemnation suit, thus terminating negotiations that have been in progress with Thurston for more than a year, since the state highway commission first decided that the Coast route across Aliso creek should be directly across the creek, instead of following the course of the present dirt highway. Action by the board indicates that it has become weary of attempts to reach an amicable agreement with the owner of the property. Claiming that the routing by the commission of the Coast boulevard straight across the creek would mar the beauty of the beach and the highway, Thurston at first insisted that the oud route be followed, but later agreed to a compromise by which the highway was to be located a few hundred feet inland from the original line mapped by the commission engineers. According to J. L. McBride, superintendent of county highways, Thurston has refused to comply with the terms of the agreement, which was made with the right-of-way committee, composed of Laguna Beach men. "The state highway commission and engineers have made every reasonable effort to meet Thurston half way, and surveys and investigations incident to routing of the highway across Aliso creek have cost the commission more than for any section of the boulevard between Serra and Oxnard," McBride said. The right-of-way on which condemnation will be started is... Farm Prospects Good, According to Report According to the latest report of the Department of Agriculture on the farm situation, the farmers this year, on the whole, have better crop prospects than in any year since 1919. The report declares that, taken as a whole, the main crops are promising fairly well, except for winter wheat in certain localities. It is said further that the present nice balance in both livestock and crop production "is a tribute to the readjustments made by the American farmer since the fall of 1921." The main fact seen in the present outlook was that, while production will be ample to meet consumption needs, agriculture will not be in the market this fall with any large surplus of the major products. Present tendencies in the general business situation were found to indicate little change in prices of non-agricultural commodities and consequently no marked change in the purchasing power of farm products. "The outlook in the corn belt is apparently good," says the report. Hoes are relatively high priced and may go higher. The pig survey shows a decline of 11 per cent in the number of spring pigs compared to last year. Corn prices are not so high as to prohibit feeding, and everything points to a profitable feeding season ahead. It is from conditions like this year, when price ratios furnish a stimulus to feeding, that the corn belt can usually hope points to the evidences of Red activity in the United States and throughout the world. It says: "The Moscow government is waging war on all non-communist governments wherever an opportunity offers to undermine or overthrow existing institutions. It is as relentless in its warfare against governments which have recognized Russia as against those which have not. Soviet agitation has much to do with the wars waged against Spain and France in northern Africa. The soviet ambassador to China is active in trying to convert Chinese opposition to European and Japanese aggressions into a general eastern uprising against not only Europe, but America, which has always been China's best friend and has indulged in none of the practices which have rendered European powers in China. What Russia seeks in China is of course not the welfare of China, but to use China as a pawn in the world-wide communist game of destroying civilization. Soviet sympathizers in the United States are active in denouncing the attitude of America toward China and alleging that the United States has imperialistic designs in the Orient. These statements are used by soviet representatives in China as admission on behalf of this country that America is playing the European game in the Orient. The purpose of this team work between the Moscow dictators and their sympathizers in this country is to make serious trouble for the United States not only in China, but in the Philippines." LEGION NOTES Education Week is to be observed throughout the United States, the week of November 16-22. it has been announced at the headquarters of the California department of the American Legion here, following a communication from the national headquarters of the organization. The National Education Association and the United States Bureau of Education are to co-operate with the American Legion in the perpetuation of Education Week, which was first suggested by the ex-service men's organization in 1921. The week has since been observed annually by presidential proclamation. An extensive program for each day of the week is being arranged for the California schools, according to State Adjutant James K. Fisk. Totals are steadily mounting in all California communities for the state's share of the $5,000,000 American Legion Endowment Fund for Disabled Veterans and Orphana of the World War. Governor Richardson is adding the campaigners in the southeast end of the state and reports from Dr. David P. Barrows, former University of California president, and Buron R. Pitts, deputy district attorney of Los Angeles county, regional directors for northern and Southern California, respectively; indicate that the people of the state are responding to the request of the veterans for funds. A number of counties are listed in the honor rolls as having exceeded their quotas in the $400,000 share for California. INC Your Not by but Sp MANY a man who as well, or perhaps earning $6,000. He does it by just dollar buy a dollar. He does not buy by judgment in weight alert as to where his age. Thus he secures than his most affluence. The knack of Saving does not allow you can buy as easily, the man whose income... found to indicate little change in prices of non-agricultural commodities and consequently no marked change in the purchasing power of farm products. "The outlook in the corn belt is apparently good," says the report. Hogs are relatively high priced and may go higher. The pig survey shows a decline of 11 per cent in the number of spring pigs compared to last year. Corn prices are not so high as to prohibit feeding, and everything points to a profitable feeding season ahead. It is from conditions like this year, when price ratios furnish a stimulus to feeding, that the corn belt can usually hope for some degree of prosperity." An average balance of $1024, the margin of cash receipts over cash expenditures, was returned to owner-operators in 1924 on 15,103 farms surveyed by the department. In addition to this margin, these firms increased inventories of crops livestock, machinery and supplies $181, making an average return of $1205 for the use of $17,260 of capital and the labor of the farmer and his family. These farms also produced food and fuel consumed on the farm estimated to be worth $266 on the average. "This is a somewhat better showing than in 1923," says the department, "when a similar survey on 16,183 owner-operated farms averaged a cash balance of $890, increased inventory of $130 and produced food and fuel worth $265 on capital amounting to $17,490. FILES WATER REPORT J. B. Lippincott this week filed his report on water development in Orange county. Mr. Lippincott said that the report, made at the direction of the supervisors, would not be made public until released by the supervisors themselves. His chief reason in coming to Orange county, he said, was to confer with the board concerning the matching, by Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, of the appropriation made at the last session of the legislature for preliminary engineering work looking to the development of the Santa Ana river watershed. Originally, the appropriation was $50,000, but Governor Richardson cut it down to $25,000 before he signed the measure, according to the engineer. Governor Richardson is adding the campaigners in the southeast end of the state and reports from Dr. David P. Barrows, former University of California president, and Buron R. Flitts, deputy district attorney of Los Angeles county, regional directors for northern and Southern California, respectively, indicate that the people of the state are responding to the request of the veterans for funds. A number of counties are listed in the honor rolls as having exceeded their quotas in the $400,000 share for California. Several hundred Legionnaires assembled recently at San Fernando, when State Commander Nathan F. Coombs dedicated the government's new tubercular hospital. Addresses were made by prominent local and state officials of the Legion, after which an inspection of the buildings was held, under the guidance of Major Henry Ratcliff, government officer in charge of construction. The hospital will, it is expected, be officially opened in January of next year. With the annual state convention of the American Legion two months away, a spirited contest for the 1926 meeting is already on. Susanville, Stockton, Santa Rosa and San Francisco have invited the Legionnaires for next year, according to State Adjutant James K. Fisk. The San Francisco invitation is the latest received at state headquarters of the organization, and comes from Harry H. Main, executive secretary of the San Francisco convention and Tourist League. The location of the convention will be decided by the delegates to the September conclave of ex-service men at Catalina. In numerable claims of World War veterans throughout California who have been taken care of by their local physicians and who have subsequently endeavored to secure government compensation are now to be taken care of by the United States Veterans' Bureau, according to State Adjutant James K. Fisk of the American Legion. Charles H. Cunningham, state service officer of the bureau at San Francisco, than his most affluent The knack of saving does not always You can buy as ingly, the man whose income...n better spending. To buy intelligent tising! Newspaper ing, omnipresent world's commoditi The advertising sound, practical lea Not far-fetched th but simple, self-ev route to real present No matter what than $4,000—you o by watching...o this newspaper. KNOWING MERELY PROGRESS Two recent developments have focused public attention on Graham Brothers Trucks as never before. One was the sweeping price reductions of May 15th, ranging from $80 to $160. The other was Graham Brothers ascendancy to leadership by building more 1½-ton trucks than any other manufacturer in the world, during the first quarter of 1925, and by achieving second position in the 1-ton and 1½-ton fields combined. Progress such as this deserves public attention—and eliminates all doubt as to the logical truck to buy! 1-Ton Chassis, $1280; 1½-Ton Chassis, $1560; Delivered CHAS. H. MANN DODGE DISTRIBUTOR 210 South Los Angeles Street, Anaheim Graham Brothers Trucks — Sold by Dodge Brothers Dealers Everywhere — INCREASE Your Business Not by Earning More but by Better Spending MANY a man who is earning but $4,000 a year lives as well, or perhaps better, than the man who is earning $6,000. How does he do it? He does it by judicious spending! He makes every dollar buy a dollar's worth . . . and ofttimes more. He does not buy by impulse! He exercises care and judgment in weighing values . . . he is constantly alert as to where his money can be spent to best advantage. Thus he secures more real value for his money than his most affluent friend—the $6,000 man. The knack of saving money is easily acquired. Saving does not always mean banking it. You can buy as well as sell at a profit. And buying at a profit means a saving! Accordingly, the man who buys intelligently . . . increases income . . . not by earning more . . . but by man his most affluent friend—the $6,000 man. The knack of saving money is easily acquired. Saving does not always mean banking it. You can buy as well as sell at a profit. And buying at a profit means a saving! Accordingly, the man who buys intelligently . . . increases his income . . . not by earning more . . . but by better spending. To buy intelligently is to heed newspaper advertising! Newspaper advertising . . . that never-end, omnipresent review of the marketing of the world's commodities! The advertising columns of this newspaper are found, practical lessons in plain, everyday economy. Not far-fetched theories in high-flown phrases . . . but simple, self-evident facts that point the shortest route to real present-day thrift. No matter what your income may be—more or less than $4,000—you can earn more by better spending; watching . . . every week . . . the advertising in this newspaper. KNOWING HOW TO BUY IS MERELY KNOWING WHERE!