anaheim-gazette 1923-07-19

STUDYING FOUNDATIONS OF EXISTING PAVEMENTS Engineers of Highway Commission Engaged in Important Work Convinced that there exists a great deal of valuable data with relation to sub-grades and foundations which has all important influence upon the permanency of the pavements built in California, the engineers of the California highway commission are undertaking a systematic study of foundations under existing pavements. No other factor has so much influence upon the lasting qualities of pavements as that of foundations, unless it may be the question of drainage, which is the all-important problem in road construction, regardless of the quality of soils. The investigation already begun is being made with a particular reference to the character of the soil used in building grades, and in forming sub-grades for existing pavements. Many instances exist on the completed portions of the state highway system where sections of light pavement have served traffic with a high degree of efficiency with small maintenance expenditure, and many such sections give promise of additional years of usefulness. On other sections where different soil types are present the pavements have failed, to the annoyance of traffic, and are unsatisfactory even under large maintenance expense. More attention must be paid to drainage and foundation and highway engineers must know all that it is possible to learn relative to the properties of the various classes of soil met with in highway construction. The general method pursued in this investigation will be to obtain samples of soil from beneath pavements which have proven satisfactory, also to secure other samples from locations office or warehouse in the United States, or in any other way enters the United States for the purpose of its business. Following are the miscellaneous occupational taxes: Brokers, $50; pawn brokers, $100; ship brokers, $50; custom house brokers, $50; proprietors of theatres, museums and concert halls where a charge for admission is made, having a seating capacity of not more than 250, shall pay a tax of $5; having a seating capacity exceeding 500 and not exceeding 800, $150; having a seating capacity of more than 250 and not exceeding 500, $100; having a seating capacity of more than 800, $200. Circus proprietors are required to pay a tax of $100; proprietors-of other public exhibition or shows, $15; proprietors of bowling alleys and billiard rooms are required to pay $10 for each alley or table; proprietors of shooting galleries, $20; proprietors of riding academies, $100. Persons carrying on the business of operating or renting passenger automobiles for hire are required to pay $10 for each such automobile having a seating capacity of more than two and not more than seven, and $20 for each automobile having a seating capacity of more than seven. With respect to the special tax (due in July) imposed upon the use of yachts, pleasure boats, power boats, sailing boats, and motor boats, the commissioner of internal revenue has ruled that a vessel must be both over 5 tons net and at least 33 feet in length to be subject to such tax. These boats are divided into three classes with respect to length and a separate tax is provided for each class as follows: Over 5 net tons and over 32 feet in length, $1 for each foot; over 5 tons, length over 50 feet and not over 100 feet, $2 for each foot; over 5 tons, length over 100 feet, $4 for each foot. and many other are to be preserved for all time. The and all citizens wwthe state at heart backward step bevation of this greatof California, byt oprotect the fortous fires. THE SPOND In all the talk actions and the ability pay their debts (which they insist although they have we hear practical huge accretions of Britain and France share of the spoils acquisitions are lofthe world and are "mandates," but poses are actual countries that no far the most extensive the former German Africa, and are b Southwest Africa, man East Africa) Kameruns. About areas fell to the and practically ad France. Considerential and developmental importance his ability of those new obligations to those colonies are lar in climate. na character of popular purposes of this considered altogether They have a co460 square miles. United States easy river, with another thrown in. They More attention must be paid to drainage and foundation and highway engineers must know all that it is possible to learn relative to the properties of the various classes of soil met with in highway construction. The general method pursued in this investigation will be to obtain samples of soil from beneath pavements which have proven satisfactory, also to secure other samples from locations where pavements have failed. From analysis and classification of many samples, it should be possible to obtain data which will show that certain definite qualities are usually present in the soils that furnish good foundations and that certain other definite qualities are usually present in soils that furnish unsatisfactory foundations. In the laboratory of the California highway commission, tests will be made of the samples obtained to determine the sand content and the clay content of the soil; its ratio of shrinking and swelling upon being subjected to various degrees of moisture; its capillary attraction for underground water and its bearing power under various conditions of moisture. All of these tests of sub-grade soil taken from beneath existing pavements will be co-related, the soils classified; the practical use of these tests will be in their application to soils encountered on new construction. The analysis of many hundred samples of soil are found to be suitable in their properties as foundations for pavements should enable the engineers to judge beforehand whether the soil will make a suitable foundation. The engineers will then be in a better position to design their future construction. Too little attention has been given in the past by highway engineers to the character of soils encountered, but after such a study of existing conditions is completed, there should be in the future little excuse for not taking precautionary measures. TO AVOID PENALTIES The following statement is issued by the collector of internal revenue of the sixth district of California: To avoid penalty, returns and payments must be made on or before July 31, or the miscellaneous occupational taxes, the special tobacco manufacturers' tax and the special tax on the use of basement provided for by the county. Few people appreciate the fact that our forests are one of California's chief sources of wealth. They yield an annual return of from 50 to 60 million dollars worth of timber; they give employment to thousands of workmen, they protect the watersheds upon which cities and ranches are dependent for their domestic and irrigation water supply; they furnish forage for them important ability of those native inhabitants in climate, nature, character of population purposes of this country considered altogether. They have a coastline 460 square miles long, United States easy river, with another thrown in. They have about 8,000,000 white whites. Their area about $22,000,000, reach $24,000,000 products gives an ability and their trembling as a source of work shall have been free coa, rubber, rice, co, cotton, kopak, kola nuts, kafar cohum, bananas, palm oil, palm bdyewoods, ivory, skins, copper, mair iron, mica, garnet topaz and diamonds 900 worth of diamonds been exported and ing rapidly developed about 4,250,000 carats and goats, and 16,500 Great Britain and themselves to derive riches of their new modern methods. Gent enterprising Frenchmen, have those territories to will produce may imagination. These believe that their pare favorably win the western United States would estimate to place future products on man African colonies. It is not difficult of those spoiled by harping on remission of the allied debt or who are urging impossible reparations. To give niles their rightful national debt andensions would complications assumed by France towards Germany. TO AVOID PENALTIES The following statement is issued by the collector of internal revenue of the sixth district of California: To avoid penalty, returns and payment must be made on or before July 31, or the miscellaneous occupational taxes, the special tobacco manufacturers' tax and the special tax on the use of boats, probided for by the revenue act of 1921. Capital stock tax returns also must be made on or before July 31, payment being required within 10 days after notice and demand by the collector. The revenue act provides that "every domestic corporation shall pay annually a special excise tax with respect to carrying on or doing business, equivalent to $1 for each $1000 or so much of the fair average value of its capital stock for the preceding year ending June 30 as is in excess of $5,000. In estimating the value of capital stock the surplus and undivided profits shall be included. Every foreign corporation shall pay annually a special excise tax with respect to carrying on or doing business in the United States, equivalent to $1 for each $1,000 of the average amount of capital employed in the transaction of its business in the United States during the preceding year ending June 30. Every domestic corporation must make a return on form 707 even though the law may indicate that it is exempt from tax. The question of exemption is one for determination by the commissioner of internal revenue. A foreign corporation is "carrying on or doing business" in the United States if it maintains an agent, or an Few people appreciate the fact that our forests are one of California's chief sources of wealth. They yield an annual return of from 50 to 60 million dollars worth of timber; they give employment to thousands of workmen, they protect the watersheds upon which cities and ranches are dependent for their domestic and irrigation water supply; they furnish forage for thousands of cattle and sheep; they are the natural home of our fast-disappearing wild life; they are the great vacation play grounds for more than two millions of our citizens; in short, they are inseparably linked in countless ways with prosperity and happiness. But how can we perpetuate our forest resources? First, by a wise use of our remaining timber supply through the elimination of preventable destructive logging methods, closer utilization of timber products, and by the practice of rational, business-like methods of forestry. Second, by a system of adequate fire protection on both timbered and cut-over lands wherein private individuals, the state and federal governments join hand in a common cause. These things should be done if California is not to follow in the wake of such states as Michigan and Minnesota, now almost swept clean of their timber. California's forestry problem is a vital one, and one which the state administration must squarely face. To date, through the co-operation of state and federal forestry authorities and private lumbering and business interests, considerable progress has been made especially in the protection of timber lands from fire. But much still remains to be done along this ANAHEIM GAZETTE THE SPOILS OF WAR In all the talk about German reparations and the ability of the allies to pay their debts to the United States (which they insist on linking together although they have no relation in fact) we hear practically nothing of the huge accretions of territory that Great Britain and France obtained as their share of the spoils of war. These new acquisitions are located in all parts of the world and are politically called "mandates," but for all practical purposes are actual possessions of the countries that now govern them. By far the most extensive and valuable of the former German colonies are in Africa, and are known as German Southwest Africa. Tanganyika (German East Africa), Tegoland, and the Kameruns. About four-fifths of those areas fell to the lot of Great Britain, and practically all the remainder to France. Consideration of their potential and developed wealth is of vital importance in determining the ability of those nations to meet their obligations to the United States. Those colonies are substantially similar in climate, natural resources, and character of population, and for the purposes of this discussion will be considered altogether. They have a combined area of 931,460 square miles, equal to all of the United States east of the Mississippi river, with another New York state thrown in. They have a population of many other lines if our forests are to be preserved through wise use for all time. The friends of forestry, and all citizens with the interests of the state at heart, will demand that no backward step be taken in the conservation of this great natural resource of California, by providing the funds oprotect the forest cover from ruinous fires. There has been a change in employment conditions in accordance with these figures showing improvement in Industry. No industry can thrive without giving employment to labor, skilled or unskilled, and usually to both. In 1920 and part of 1921 there was a great surplus of labor and several millions of men were out of employment. Mills were working on part time and building operations were suspended. In the latter part of 1921 and all through 1922 conditions steadily improved until today the complaint is that industry cannot get labor enough. This change in business activity has been due in part to natural variations in conditions, but chiefly to the removal of artificial influence and the establishment of national policies that create confidence in the future. It will be remembered that early in 1920 the Wilson administration conducted its deflation program, through the raising of interest rates in the federal reserve system. The deflation movement hit the farmers first, and, since they constitute the chief buying element in our population, their financial losses were reflected upon industry in general. The first move of the Harding administration was to relieve farmers so far as they could be relieved by governmental action. President Harding appointed to the federal reserve board his fellow townsman, D. R. Crisinger, who was known to be an advocate of loans from banks at rates as low as could be justified. That had been Crisinger's practice in his own bank. Soon after the change in the position of the comptroller of the currency, which carried with it membership on the federal reserve board, rates began to come down, and all lines of industry began to experience to tell whether they are giving a signal or just acting foolish. The children do no harm by this, but it often paves the way for a serious accident in case the driver behind thinks the children are giving a signal. In this season of forest fires, it is well to remember also that flicking of ashes along the road might cause some serious conflagration. FOREIGNERS AND CRIME Out of the eight subjects arrested in connection with the robbery of the First National bank of Los Angeles, and the murder of a chauffeur, not one single real American name appears. They are all illiterate foreigners. Once in a great while you read the name of Smith or Jones or Brown in connection with an item of crime, but the rule is that down the column, under the newspaper heading announcing a vicious crime, you will read such names as "Jaramillo," "Ruzisky," and other combinations of letters that sizzle when you pronounce them, like a fire cracker about to explode. Then when you get down to the list of officers that have been sent after the criminals, you find the Murphys and t he O'Briens. Of course, there really is nothing in a name. There is no reason why Ruzemysl Chauplauski isn't as good a citizen as Jack Connor, so far as the name is concerned. The difference is that the people with "sizzling" names usually come to America from Russia or Italy or some other country in which they have made a nuisance of themselves. They come to this land of the free and home of the brave with the idea that the world owes them a living, and that freedom means perfect liberty to do as they please with their own or any other person's property. At present there is a ship load of Russian refugees, held up in Manila by the United States immigration office one ear your water. total importance in determining the ability of those nations to meet their obligations to the United States. Those colonies are substantially similar in climate, natural resources, and character of population, and for the purposes of this discussion will be considered altogether. They have a combined area of 931,460 square miles, equal to all of the United States east of the Mississippi river, with another New York state thrown in. They have a population of about 8,000,000 natives and 23,500 whites. Their annual export trade is about $22,000,000, and their imports reach $24,000,000. Their varied list of products gives an idea of their fertility and their tremendous possibilities as a source of world supply when they shall have been fully developed: Cocoa, rubber, rice, maize, yams, tobacco, cotton, kapak, coffee, copal, copra, kola nuts, kafar corn, sisal fiber, sorghum, bananas, vanilla, tea, manioc palm oil, palm kernels, caoutchouc, dyewoods, ivory, guano, hides and skins, copper, markle, gold, sulphur, iron, mica, garnets salt, lead, agates, topaz and diamonds. About $72,000,000 worth of diamonds have already been exported and the deposits are being rapidly developed. There are about 4,250,000 cattle, 7,450,000 sheep and goats, and 16,000 horses. All this wealth has been realized with but one white man to every 40 square miles or but one white man to every 340 wild, ignorant natives. Both Great Britain and France are exerting themselves to develop the natural riches of their new possessions. When modern methods directed by intelligent enterprising Englishmen and Frenchmen have been applied to those territories the wealth that they will produce may well stagger the imagination. Theer is every reason to believe that their resources will compare favorably with an equal area in the western United States. Fifty billion dollars would be a conservative estimate to place on the value of the future products of those former German African colonies. It is not difficult to guess why mention of those spoils of war is carefully omitted by those who are always harping on remission or cancellation of the allied debt to the United States, or who are urging the enforcement of impossible reparation terms upon the Germans. To give the African colonies their rightful place in international debt and reparations discussions would completely alter the positions assumed by Greecia Britain and France towards Germany and towards it. President Harding appointed to the federal reserve board his fellow townsman, D. R. Crisinger, who was known to be an advocate of loans from banks at rates as low as could be justified. That had been Crisinger's practice in his own bank. Soon after the change in the position of the comptroller of the currency, which carried with it membership on the federal reserve board, rates began to come down, and all lines of industry began to experience renewed activity. Moreover, the Harding administration promptly put into effect the new provision for loans through the war finance corporation, advancing to agricultural associations the funds necessary to enable them to market their crops in an orderly manner instead of selling in haste at any prices that could be had. These two changes in national policy not only brought immediate improvement in the state of agriculture, but it made the farmers larger buyers of commodities in general and revived confidence in business conditions. Today the only serious check to industrial activity is the inability of the railroads to handle the traffic because of the deterioration of equipment resulting from a long period of suppression and government operation. CORRECT HAND SIGNALS "raise" hand signaling is raising a lot of commotion on the boulevards and city streets of southern California, according to a number of complaints received by the officers of the Auto Club of Southern California. It is pointed out that while the majority of motorists are trying consciously to give the correct hand signals in the proper manner, there is a growing tendency to become careless in other ways closely connected with this important feature of traffic regulation. This applies particularly, it seems, to people who smoke. There is no objection to smoking, but there is an objection being registered to the manner in which smokers conduct themselves while autoing. A lot of complaints have been received from people who have nearly been in some serious accidents who say that drivers smoking cigars or cigarettes stick their hand out of the car to knock off the ashes and thus give the impression that they are signaling for a turn of some kind or other. "It sizzling" names usually come to America from Russia or Italy or some other country in which they have made a nuisance of themselves. They come to this land of the free and the home of the brave with the idea that the world owes them a living, and that freedom means perfect liberty to do as they please with their own or any other person's property. At present there is a ship load of Russian refugees, held up in Manila by the United States immigration officers; seeking admission into California. America needs the right kind of immigrants from Europe—whether they be Russians, Germans or French men or Englishmen. The trouble is that the foreigners of good character and refinement and education, who would really become useful Americans, are not found in the average ship load of immigrants. The United States government has recently demanded that all incoming foreigners to assimilate a coarse of in structuring American citizenship before they are stirred into the "melting pot." It is gratifying to know that the present administration has formulated and adopted a workable plan for re- It is not difficult to guess why mention of those spoils of war is carefully omitted by those who are always harping on remission or cancellation of the allied debt to the United States, or who are urging the enforcement of impossible reparation terms upon the Germans. To give the African colonies their rightful place in international debt and reparations discussions would completely alter the positions assumed by Great Britain and France towards Germany and towards the United States. If this county is to act the role of arbiter in the reparations dispute, let all the facts be laid bare and not merely those about which we have heard so much and on which the allies would like to see a decision based. And when the allied debt envoys meet with our own foreign debt commission, let them be confronted with figures not only of what they suffered in the war, but of what they won. THE INDUSTRIAL RENAISSANCE Announcement that farm crops in the United States were worth $3,000,000,000 more in 1922 than in 1921 gives some indication of the extent of the return of prosperity. While prices of farm products must go higher, or the prices farmers pay for what they buy must go lower, in order to establish a fair basis of equality, yet the improvement has been so great as to be cause for congratulation. It is not in farming alone that vastly improved conditions are seen. In fact, every line of business shows rapid revival from the depression that followed the dedation movement of 1920-21. The iron and steel output was about 65 per cent greater in 1922 than in 1921. The production of tex- ducing immigration of undesirables to a minimum. With the doors closed against questionable characters and the majority of our foreign troublemakers either deported or safely lock-up, there is reason to hope that in future years less newspaper space will be devoted to the crimes of newly-made citizens. NATURAL RESOURCES President Harding in Washington state impressed upon his hearers his realization of the importance of the development of the natural resources of the country in a carefully worked out manner. He said in part: "It is not desirable that the west should fall into the hands of bonanza corporations, seeking to exploit it for the profit of stockholders who live somewhere else. But, on the other hand, it is worth while to emphasize that many of the most valued resources of the west are of such character, and their development must be on such a scale, that they can only be made available under concentrated management and by the use of capital in large units. We must enforce measures which will give capital and management attractive returns, but which will always keep in sight the primary purpose of dealing out justice, even-handed opportunity and an absolutely fair interest in the product of human industry, effort and intelligence." "I spoke a moment ago of the fact that as a rule the utilization of nature's resources commonly results in their increase rather than their diminution. That is peculiarly true of one especially valuable resource your mountains west: I mean your water. The flow of a great river that But now we know that the same water can be utilized both for power and irrigation. Thus the great power development will mark the sites of industrial centers, adjacent to which will grow up rich areas of intensive agricultural production. The industrial populations will provide markets without impossible transportation expenditures, for the products of the soil, and in turn the people of the soil will afford markets for the products of industry." TRAINING THE YOUTH Through the establishment of the citizens' military training camps at Del Monte and Fort Winfield Scott, from July 26, to August 24, it is the purpose of the war department to raise the physical standard of the nation's young manhood, to inspire patriotism and promote better citizenship thus fitting young Californians for civil life through the gospel of right living. World war statistics show the usefulness of such camps. Fifty-one per cent of 2,150,000 drafted men between the ages of 18 and 30 were mentally or physically deficient, and 21 out of every 100 were physically or mentally unfit for military service. The young man who goes to camp will come back renewed in vigor, with color in his cheeks and an increased respect for constituted authority. His viewpoint will have broadened, and through his association with boys from all over rthe state, he will gain new friends. Thirty days of expert training and instruction will make him more valuable. As pointed out by Col. Ernest V. Smith, who will command, the poor boy is as welcome as the one who comes from a rich family. His treatment will be exactly the same as that of the socially elect. In other words, once in uniform they all look alike and will be treated alike, and any able-bodied young man of will always keep in sight the primary purpose of dealing out justice, even-handed opportunity and an absolutely fair interest in the product of human industry, effort and intelligence. "I spoke a moment ago of the fact that as a rule the utilization of nature's resources commonly results in their increase rather than their diminution. That is peculiarly true of one especially valuable resource your mountains west: I mean your water. The flow of a great river that runs away to the sea without being utilized for power or for irrigation, is wasted forever. To prevent its development is not to save it for the benefit of a distant future. If it is to be of service tomorrow, it must be harnessed today. "Our whole view of a relation of water to western development has changed much in the last generation. Only a few years since these waters were looked upon as potentially useful merely for irrigation and agriculture. We entered upon a great program of irrigation enterprise, in that era when we had as yet but a vague notion about the dual purpose that your water resources ought to serve MORE POWER TO HIM! The Carroll, Iowa, Herald thinks Woodrow Wilson will not be the Democratic nominee for president in 1924, "but he will have a lot to do with the party's choice." He had that in 1920, but he's had more to do with the party's defeat. IT BAKES EVENLY IT BAKES EVENLY the last word in Gas Ranges The Roper Gas Range is made to conform with the most modern engineering specifications and its burners are proven to consume the least amount of gas. It has the original "fresh air" ventilated oven. It bakes most evenly, retaining maximum food values; by minimizing the evaporation of moisture. It is fully or semi-enameled in pearl gray or snow white. Equipped with or without the oven heat control and automatic lighter! A Roper Range to Fit Any Kitchen See our full display today at SOUTHERN COUNTIES GAS COMPANY Distributors of Standard Gas Appliances GAS RANGES - HUMPHREY RADIANTFIRES - GAS WATER LIBERAL TERMS 238 E. CENTER ST., PHONE 166 HEAT LIGHT POWER