anaheim-gazette 1920-02-26

EXPERT OPINION ON WALNUT GRAFTING ROBERT W. HODGSON DISCUSSES BEST METHODS IN FARM AND TRACTOR. More Care Should be Exercised in Grafting Walnuts than in Deciduous Fruits.—Work Can be Done Successfully. Much of the commercial walnut acreage in Southern California is of seedling parentage. Among these individual trees there is an enormous variation in yield as well as in other desirable characters such as quality. Some of the trees are afflicted with a heavy annual "drop;" others fail to fill the nuts properly; while others show other undesirable traits. Such trees, just as our citrus "drones," should be top-worked to more desirable proven sorts. This can best be done by top-grafting. This horticultural art should, therefore, be practiced in our walnut orchards much more commonly than is now the case. The season for walnut grafting coincides with that for practically all deciduous fruits, being from December to about March 15. The best time to graft, however, ordinarily is from about January 15 to the middle of February. Early grafting is not con- scion and the stub coincide. This will make the bark of the stub extend out much farther than the scion, but that does not matter. The all-essential thing is to have the cambium layers of the two in just a position so that union may readily result. To insure contact at some point at least many tip the scions slightly outward. The wedge is then removed and after placing the other scions in the stump the whole is tightly wrapped with strong cord, followed by a thorough painting over the cut end of the stump and all cracks with hot wax. The formula used by Dr. L.D. Batchelor of the Citrus Experiment Station at Riverside is as follows: Four pounds resin, one pound beeswax and either one-fourth pound of mutton tallow or one pint boiled linseed oil, all melted together. The greatest of care must be taken not to jar the scions, else the whole operation may be a failure. The end of the stub is then inclosed in a paper bag, which serves several purposes, the main one being to prevent drying out of the scions before union takes place. These bags also prevent jarring of the scions by birds and drying out and cracking of the stumps which sometimes occurs. It is desirable that the whole trunk of the top-grafting tree be thoroughly whitewashed after grafting in order to prevent sunburn injury. When the scions have started growth it is necessary to go over them, nailing laths to the stubs to which the scions are tied to prevent being blown out by wind. The greatest of care must be exercised in this work not to jar the scions, as such treatment is fatal at this time. Good strong laths are needed, about one inch thick by two inches wide by eight feet long. This twig socially for a beginner keeper who are an egg yields and fails failure of brooding raising only a small chickens hatched on strong, vigorous bird into good breeding. Brooding with heat and easiest way to ensis and is the most almost exclusively farm, according to department of Agriculture brooders at winter or very early ed, where only Leg setting breeds of p where large number raised commercially. Sitting hens show slightly darkened time and not disturbed step on or pick their hatching, in which they should be removed with a basket lined with other warm materials fire until all the eggs may be re under a quieter he hatching at the same bator may also be earliest chickens we are removed from eggs hatch unevenly slow in hatching m other hens, as hens after a part of the allowing the remain cooled at the very heat is necessary. shells and any eggs hatched as soon as over. Hens should as feeding tends to The season for walnut grafting coincides with that for practically all deciduous fruits, being from December to about March 15. The best time to graft, however, ordinarily is from about January 15 to the middle of February. Early grafting is not considered to be an advantage, since if put in early, the grafts often have to be gone over and re-waxed several times before the advent of spring, whereas those put in later escape this necessity. Success in grafting the walnut requires greater care in performing the work than is the case with most of the deciduous fruit trees. That it can be successfully done, however, is attested to by a number of walnut men who have been practicing successfully top-working for a number of years. The first operation is that of selecting the scions. These should be cut from well-matured one-year-old wood. Occasionally two-year-old growth may be used with satisfactory results, but preference is given to year-old wood. The terminal portions of the more mature growth of the previous season generally give good results, since in this growth the nodes are close together and the pith small. Scions may be satisfactorily made, however, from other than terminal portions of the branches if the tips are well sealed with wax as soon as the grafts are set. Scions may be successfully kept for a month to six weeks providing they are kept reasonably cool and slightly moist. They are generally packed in damp sawdust or shavings and stored in a cool place. Very good success, however, may be obtained by using scions freshly cut without any curing whatever. Scion wood should be about a quarter or three-eighths inch in diameter. In making the tree, from three to five main framework branches are selected for top-grafting, all the others being sawed off close to the main trunk and the wounds carefully sealed with either grafting wax or some good wound dressing. The branches then selected for top-grafting are cut off enough whitewashed after grafting in order to prevent sunburn injury. When the scions have started growth it is necessary to go over them, nailing laths to the stubs to which the scions are tied to prevent being blown out by wind. The greatest of care must be exercised in this work not to jar the scions, as such treatment is fatal at this time. Good strong laths are needed, about one inch thick by two inches wide by eight feet long. This tying treatment is necessary for the first two years, after which the union is generally sufficiently strong to support the scion without any outside aid. As mentioned above, walnut grafting requires considerable skill. An average stand of 50 per cent of the grafts is, therefore, considered as satisfactory, although sometimes much better results are obtained. In certain seasons poor results follow top-grafting, even though the greatest of care be exercised, while in others with no better care good results may be obtained. The growing interest in top-grafting as a means of improving walnut groves was recently attested by the large attendance at a top-grafting demonstration held under the auspices of the Whittier center of the Los Angeles County Farm Bureau on the walnut experimental plot at the Whittier State School grounds. More than 100 interested walnut growers gave careful attention while Dr. L. D. Batchelor of the Citrus Experiment Station at Riverside and D. C. Wylie of the field department of the California Walnut Growers' Association operated on one of the old black seedling trees growing on the State School grounds. Prior to conducting the demonstration Dr. Batchelor conducted the assembly about the experimental tract pointing out some of the most interesting features of the plot. This planting, which consists of several acres, is used for experimental purposes under a joint arrangement between the State School management, the Citrus Experiment Station and the Walnut Growers' Association. Here are to be found specimens of all the different Southern black, Juglans California, the varieties of the black walnuts, the northern black, Juglans California variety. Powder the hen w powder before moving chickens to the brood should be dusted even as often as necessary enes are weaned. If on the chickens, or if with "head Hce," a such as lard or vassplied with the finge neck, under the w vent. Great care however, not to get on the chickens, as growth and in some fatal. The brood coop should least once a week at mites. If mites are it should be thorough sprayed with kerosene petroleum. From 1 t or dry dirt or a th or fine hay should floor of the coop. Be moved weekly preferably where they. Chickens hatched should be brooded in or shed while the conditions are unfavourable weather becomes set be reared in brood coop Brood coops should they can be closed out cats, rats, and o enough ventilation so that the hen and plenty of fresh air. The hen should be coop until the chick using scions freshly cut without any curing whatever. Scion wood should be about a quarter or three-eighths inch in diameter. In making the tree, from three to five main framework branches are selected for top-grafting, all the others being sawed off close to the main trunk and the wounds carefully sealed with either grafting wax or some good wound dressing. The branches then selected for top-grafting are cut off at a distance of a foot or so beyond the point where the scions are to be inserted. This double sawing is done to avoid splitting the branch from the weight of the falling limb. Only one stub at a time should receive the second sawing in order to prevent drying out, which is prejudicial to successful grafting in the walnut. The stub is then split part way in, the cuts being made in the form of arcs to the circumference of the stub. The clefts should extend down the stub on the exterior for two or three inches. They may be made with a heavy butcher knife or special grafting knife. The number of clefts made corresponds with the number of scions to be inserted, ranging from one to three, depending upon the size of the stub. The cleft is then opened with a wedge, usually made of steel, and the scion inserted. The scion must be cut so that it fits in the cleft perfectly, the basal portion being drawn down to a thin wedge somewhat thicker on one side than on the other, the thicker side to be placed outward. A sharp knife is necessary for cutting and trimming scions. The scion is then placed in the cleft so that the cambium layer of the plantting, which consists of several acres, is used for experimental purposes under a joint arrangement between the State School management, the Citrus Experiment Station and the Walnut Growers' Association. Here are to be found specimens of all the different Southern black, Juglans California, the varieties of the black walnuts, the northern black, Juglans California variety Hindstil, the Eastern black Juglans nigra, the Arizona black, Juglans major, and others, the various hybrid sorts including the paradox and royal hybrids, and a large number of promising new varieties top-worked on various stocks. The plot is now used particularly as a test orchard, where promising new sorts may be tried out before being recommended or discarded. Here the much-talked of Ehrhardt variety was tested and proved out. Dozens of others are being tested on the tract. So important does the Walnut Growers' Association consider this work that the purchase of a much larger test orchard, where more numerous trials may be made, is now under consideration. HOW TO HANDLE NEWLY HATCHED CHICKS Extreme Care Must be Taken or They Will Not Thrive. The heart of every poultry keeper rejoices when his hatches are full ones. This joy, however, quickly turns to distress if the baby chicks do not thrive, and the successful brooding of chickens is a difficult operation, es- or shed while they live conditions are unfavourable weather becomes severe they can be closed out cats, rats, and other enough ventilation so that the hen and plenty of fresh air. The hen should be coop until the chick while the chickens range after they are there. Hens are all allowed and have to forage for selves and chicks, them through wet chicks may become most of the feed they in this manner goes heat of the body, whi by those that are who confined produces most as the chicks do not exercise. Then, too, there are one or two weaker than the other is allowed free range often get behind and of the mother's clutch most cases this rescuing death of these chicks coming chilled. If they the weaklings can alway heat under her days may develop into chicks. The loss in young allowing the hen free doubtedly large. Chicks have to be caught and coops during sudden are apt to huddle in s ANAHEIM GAZETTE This extends but, because of the leastward, after the hatchup with through the hatchup. Specially for a beginner. Many poultry keepers who are able to secure good egg yields and fair hatches make a failure of brooding chickens, either in raising only a small percentage of the chickens hatched or in failing to rear strong, vigorous birds which develop into good breeding stock. Brooding with hens is the simplest and easiest way to raise a few chickens and is the method which is used almost exclusively on the average farm, according to United States Department of Agriculture specialists. Artificial brooders are necessary where winter or very early chickens are raised, where only Leghorns or other non-setting breeds of poultry are kept, or where large numbers of chickens are raised commercially. Sitting hens should be confined to slightly darkened nests at hatching time and not disturbed unless they step on or pick their chickens when hatching, in which case the chickens should be removed as soon as dry, in a basket lined with flannel or some other warm material, and kept near a fire until all the eggs are hatched; or the eggs may be removed and placed under a quilter hen whose eggs are hatching at the same time. An incubator may also be used to keep the earliest chickens warm, in case they are removed from the nest. If the eggs hatch unevenly, those which are slow in hatching may be placed under other hens, as hens often get restless after a part of the chickens are out, allowing the remaining eggs to become cooled at the very time when steady heat is necessary. Remove the egg shells and any eggs which have not hatched as soon as the hatching is over. Hens should be fed as soon as feeding tends to keep them quiet. WALNUT GROVES WORTH $3,000 PER ACRE W. L. Grubb Says Value Depends on Condition of Trees. I have frequently been asked, 'Is $3,000 per acre too much to pay for walnuts in Orange county?' This cannot be answered yes or no. It depends on many conditions," says W. L. Grubb of Santa Ana. If the trees are on suitable walnut soil, with proper cultivation, irrigation and fertilization, walnuts are a safe investment at $3,000, and in favorable locations some of our best orchards are a good paying investment at a much greater price. To fortify this statement, I will illustrate it by the following data on one particular grove, and this is only one of a number I know of. I am speaking now of seedling groves, as our budded groves are all too young to tell how much more profitable they will be when they arrive at their maximum production. The seedling orchard I am using to demonstrate the possibilities of profit on an acre of walnuts, is nearly or about 30 years old. For many years it had very ordinary care. In 1913 it came into the hands of its OFFICE PHONES HOME 753-1 REL. 125 E. Broadway, Cor. Claudina RESIDENCE PHONES PACIFIC 341-M HOME 753-2 J. W. TRUXAW. M. D. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON HOURS 11-12; 2-4; 7-8 GOLDEN STATE BANK BLDG. Cor. Center and Los Angeles Sts. ANAHEIM, CAL. J.C.Osher,D.D.S.,M.D. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT—ORAL SURGERY—GLASSES FITTED SUITE 1 CENTRAL BLDG. PHONE SUNSET 387 Dr. G. A. Neth General Drugless Practitioner SUITE 4, CASSOU BLDG., ANAHEIM Our treatments are especially advantageous for alliments of the Nerves and pains in the muscles and joints. Acute or chronic diseases of the various organs often yield with surprising alacrity to our modalities. Fees reasonable. J.-M. ASBESTOS ROOFING GIBBS LUMBER East Broadway ANAHEIM CAL. Say It With FLOWERS Howard E. Cates are removed from the nest. If the eggs hatch unevenly, those which are slow in hatching may be placed under other hens, as hens often get restless after a part of the chickens are out, allowing the remaining eggs to become cooled at the very time when steady heat is necessary. Remove the egg shells and any eggs which have not hatched as soon as the hatching is over. Hens should be fed as soon as as feeding tends to keep them quiet; possible after the eggs are hatched, otherwise many hens will leave the nest. In most cases, it is best that the hen remain on the nest and brood the chickens for at least 24 hours after the hatching is over. Powder the hen with a good insect powder before moving her and the chickens to the brood coop. The hen should be dusted every two weeks, or as often as necessary until the chicks are weaned. If lice become thick on the chickens, or if they are troubled with "head Hce," a very little grease, such as lard or vaseline, may be applied with the fingers on the head, neck, under the wings, and around the vent. Great care should be taken, however, not to get too much grease on the chickens, as it will stop their growth and in some cases may prove fatal. The brood coop should be cleaned at least once a week and kept free from mites. If mites are found in the coop, it should be thoroughly cleaned and sprayed with kerosene oil and crude petroleum. From 1 to 2 inches of sand or dry dirt or a thin layer of straw or fine hay should be spread on the floor of the coop. Brood coops should be moved weekly to fresh ground, preferably where there is new grass. Chickens hatched during the winter should be brooded in a poultry house or shed while the outside weather conditions are unfavorable; after the weather becomes settled, they should be reared in brood coops out of doors. Brood coops should be made so that they can be closed at night, to keep out cats, rats, and other animals, and enough ventilation should be allowed so that the hen and chicks will have plenty of fresh air. The hen should be confined in the coop until the chicks are weaned. Say It With FLOWERS Howard E. Gates FLORIST Phone 121 Cor. W. Center and Illinois French Line, Holland-America Line, White Star Line, Cunard Line, Red Star Line, Fabre Line, American Line, Scandinavian-American Line, Norwegian-American Line, Transatlantica Italiana, Pacific Mail Steamship Co., McCormick Steamship Co., Canadian Pacific Ocean Service, etc. Money Orders and Drafts on all parts of the World. UNITED STEAMSHIP COMPANY 140 North Spring Street Los Angeles, Calif. Tel. 65324. BOYS WANTED—In every city and town in Southern California, a bright, active High School lad over sixteen years of age, with executive ability, to organize and manage a business in his home town after school hours. A wonderful opportunity to gain valuable experience. Very profitable. Make application by letter in own handwriting to Circulation Manager, "California" Magazine, The Examiner, Los Angeles, California. 10-16-t10 pense, etc. This, I think, shows that the highest prices paid for walnut groves recently is not high enough for our best orchards. Y. W. C. A. CAMPAIGN or shed while the outside weather conditions are unfavorable; after the weather becomes settled, they should be reared in brood coops out of doors. Brood coops should be made so that they can be closed at night, to keep out cats, rats, and other animals, and enough ventilation should be allowed so that the hen and chicks will have plenty of fresh air. The hen should be confined in the coop until the chicks are weaned, while the chickens are allowed free range after they are a few days old. Where hens are allowed free range and have to forage for feed for themselves and chicks, they often take them through wet grass, where the chicks may become chilled and die. Most of the feed the chicks secure in this manner goes to keep up the heat of the body, whereas feed eaten by those that are with a hen that is confined produces more rapid growth, as the chicks do not have so much exercise. Then, too, in most broods there are one or two chicks that are weaker than the others, and if the hen is allowed free range the weaker ones often get behind and out of hearing of the mother's cluck and call. In most cases this results in the loss and death of these chicks, due to becoming chilled. If the hen is confined the weaklings can always find shelter and heat under her, and after a few days may develop into strong, healthy chicks. The loss in young chicks due to allowing the hen free range is undoubtedly large. Chickens frequently have to be caught and put into their coops during sudden storms, as they are apt to huddle in some hole or cor- Make application by letter in own handwriting to Circulation Manager, "California" Magazine, The Examiner, Los Angeles, California. 10-16-t10 pense, etc. This, I think, shows that the highest prices paid for walnut groves recently is not high enough for our best orchards. Y. W. C. A. CAMPAIGN IS ON THIS WEEK Orange County is Expected to Raise a Thousand Dollars. Subscriptions in Anaheim will be canvassed during the coming week for the $3,000,000 national campaign of the Young Women's Christian Association. The quota for Orange county outside of the cities which have their own organizations of the Y. W. C. A. and are waging separate drives, is $1000. Anaheim citizens will be asked to contribute a portion of this amount. The Southern California quota, exclusive of the individual drives of the cities, is $13,500. Mrs. Chester C. Ashley of Los Angeles, is director of the national campaign for Southern California. In 1920 the Y. W. C. A. of the United States began its fifty-fifth year of service for women. It reaches to every part of the nation today and extends to foreign countries. Practically every phase of a girl's existence—physical, educational, recreational and religious—is touched by the many activities and opportunities of the association's work. A statement issued by the National Family Washing SAVE your wife the drudgery of the washtub by sending us your family washing. It costs you very little when compared to the pleasure it will bring to your wife—put the burden on us. Send us your shirts and collars Immaculate linen is the mark of a gentleman. You get the best work here. Patronize a home concern. Anaheim Laundry Company Phone 18 WE KNOW MEATS —"Every man to his own business" is a well-known saying—and we believe that this applies to us. Our business is buying meats as well as selling meats—upon the buying depends the success of the business. That's why we buy only the best meats—and we know the best meats. Any piece of meat that you buy in this shop has been selected by us because we know that it is a good piece of meat, meat that you can eat with satisfaction. Upon this basis we ask your patronage. Anaheim Cash Market 109-11 N. Los Angeles St., Anaheim J. E. STROUP, Proprietor "Every man to his own business" is a well-known saying—and we believe that this applies to us. Our business is buying meats as well as selling meats—upon the buying depends the success of the business. That's why we buy only the best meats—and we know the best meats. Any piece of meat that you buy in this shop has been selected by us because we know that it is a good piece of meat, meat that you can eat with satisfaction. Upon this basis we ask your patronage. Anaheim Cash Market 109-11 N. Los Angeles St., Anaheim J. E. STROUP, Proprietor Building Material If you contemplate building new or repairing an old building, let us figure on your material. We handle everything you need, and our prices are right. Griffith Lumber Company South Los Angeles St. H. M. ADAMS, Mgr. ANAHEIM FEED and FUEL CO. DEALERS IN Wood, Coal, Hay, Grain Seeds and Flour PUBLIC WEIGHING SCALES Phones: Pacific 317, Home 294 A. V. Vall, W. D. Grafton, Props. CITY CASH MARKET 117 W. Center St. "Quality, Price and Service" Our Motto We handle nothing but the choicest of meats. We deliver. Phone your orders early. Pacific 20 ED. W. SCHNEIDER Proprietor "Quality, Price and Service" Our Motto We handle nothing but the choicest of meats. We deliver. Phone your orders early. Pacific 20 ED. W. SCHNEIDER Proprietor Good Place to Buy— G-O-O-D L-U-M-B-E-R C. GANAHL LUMBER COMPANY Anaheim. Cal Y. W. C. A. Board in New York declares: "The Y. W. C. A. reaches out to the girl away from home, the girl in the city, the girl in the country, the girl in industry, the business and professional woman, the colored girl, the foreign born woman, the high school and grade school girl, the girl in the war devastated countries of Europe, the girl of the Orient and the girl of South America. "There is the girl who leaves the small town home, to earn her livelihood in the city. She must find a safe, comfortable lodging place and good wholesome food. The Y. W. C. A. in every city provides both for her. "The association this year faces an immense task of world-wide service. It is no longer enough to think in terms of 400,000 girls in the United States, the Y. W. C. A. has grown so large in benefits that the new slogan must be "Y. W. C. A. for every girl everywhere," and it was the war that brought out this necessity." TIMES FOR DISCUSSION As Chairman Hays says, what we need is not less politics, but better politics, which can be brought about only through more attention to politics by citizens whose all too familiar habit is to stand aside and deprecate the agencies of government. If there ever was a time for politics in this country, that time is now, and if, on the part of republicans, there ever was a time for politics in this country, that time is now. For it is the Republican party, inevitably, that is to be charged with the responsibilities of national government after March 4, 1921. It is a time for the fullest and freest discussion of issues and candidates and for the most unselfish and effective party effort."