anaheim-gazette 1919-01-09

ALFALFA CROPS BENEFIT THE ORGHARD EXPERIMENTS PROVE LAND CAN BE BUILT UP BY USING IT AS INTERCROP DISTRIBUTES ELEMENTS IN THE SOIL NECESSARY TO THE LIFE OF CITRUS TREES Some years ago Prof. C. B. Lipman of the University of California came out with the startling statement that sooner or later California orchardists would be forced to discontinue clean cultivation if they wished their orchards to endure. He based this conclusion on investigations carried out by him and others which showed beyond a doubt that the continuous stirring of the soil in our orchards in an effort to conserve the store of soil moisture is resulting in the gradual depletion of the organic matter and humus content. This condition, he ascertained, was occurring even in orchards where earnest efforts were being made to increase the humus content of the soil through the use of manure and other sources of organic matter, although, of course, much more slowly than in orchards where no attempt was made at soil building. Although this was considered quite a revolutionary doctrine at the time, the soundness of the idea is secure troubles but it must be confessed that our present knowledge of their cause is decidedly unsatisfactory. There are, however, a few facts which have been uncovered which in their application bid fair to enable growers to combat certain of these troubles. And the most important is that the growing of alfalfa as a permanent cover crop in orchards in many cases results in a marked change for the better with respect to these conditions. A. J. Mix of the Geneva Experiment Station in New York after an extensive investigation of certain of these diseases writes as follows: "The most promising outlook for the control of drought spot and cork seems to be in methods of conserving soil moisture and improving the water-holding capacity and physical condition of the soil. Clean cultivation is not effective. Perhaps clean cultivation combined with leguminous cover crops may accomplish more." R. W. Allen, writing from the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, says: "Fruit pit and winter injury have rapidly disappeared following the application of irrigation and the use of leguminous crops in the orchards." O. T. Clawson, writing of conditions in Washington and Oregon, offers the use of alfalfa as a positive remedy for rosette, stating that two or three years' growing of this crop in an affected orchard results in the disappearance of the trouble. D. F. Fisher, in a recent letter to the writer, says: "It may be of interest to you to learn that fully 75 per cent of the apple orchards in the Wenatchee district now have alfalfa as a permanent cover crop. Alfalfa appears to correct many of our soil troubles, and where sufficient irrigation water is available, its use is gen- NEW NATIONAL PRESS CREATE Explosion of Mount Markable Pleasure At the end of September created the Katmal National reservation incloses sive eruption of Mount Katmal, on the of Alaska, together neighboring valleys the largest of which graphic Society, wh June, 1917, named t Thousand Smokes." The two features lated. Rock strata the great eruption near enough to the instant steam the age waters of many of foothills. Thus or which Lorsts from events. The phenomenon in the neighborhood which still are o Steaming springs, avents in this valley the flanks of several prominent of our and are numerous a Lassen Peak. The comparison, Katmal's steaming geyser basins of Y locally instructive stone's basins once mal's steaming valle "Valley of Ten The probably a coming enormous size. T simple. Bunsen's generally accepted, umn of water filling above a deep rocky bar in which trickle ual depletion of the organic matter and humus content. This condition, he ascertained, was occurring even in orchards where earnest efforts were being made to increase the humus content of the soil through the use of manure and other sources of organic matter, although, of course, much more slowly than in orchards where no attempt was made at soil building. Although this was considered quite a revolutionary doctrine at the time, the soundness of the idea is now more apparent. What, then, is our western fruit grower to do? Some growers, who are fortunately situated where plenty of water is available, have been led as a result of Dr. Lipman's prophecy to abandon summer cultivation entirely, substituting for it frequent irrigation. Although this method results in the wasteful use of water, it does prevent the rapid burning out of the organic matter in the soil, and certainly is calculated to defer the time when the soil becomes worn out and sterile. But it does not provide for the building up of the soil which every good farmer hopes to bring about so that he can leave his land to posterity in a more fertile condition than that in which he found it. He who has any other aim cannot but be considered as a profiteer rather than a true husbandman of the soil. Moreover, under certain conditions this method of handling an orchard cannot be resorted to with satisfactory results on account of the soil becoming water-logged and dead from lack of sufficient aeration. Growing alfalfa or any legume on the land has been known for centuries as a means of building up the soil. Not only is atmospheric nitrogen fixed through the action of the symbiotic bacteria on the roots, increasing the fertility, but the physical condition of the soil is markedly improved. The deep growing roots puncture the lower soil stretches and carry up food from below. Through their death and decay, organic matter is added and the soil benefited in every way. Growing alfalfa on a soil may furthermore be expected to increase its water-holding capacity, to make it more open and friable and thus better aerated, and to prevent the loss of organic matter through excessive oxidation resulting from cultivation. In fact, it might be said that the possibility of conserving the humus content of the soil is the most potent reason why every orchardist should at least consider alfalfa as a possible intercrop. The experience of those who have rosette, stating that two or three years' growing of this crop in an affected orchard results in the disappearance of the trcuble. D. F. Fisher, in a recent letter to the writer, says: "It may be of interest to you to learn that fully 75 per cent of the apple orchards in the Wenatchee district now have alfalfa as a permanent cover crop. Alfalfa appears to correct many of our soil troubles, and where sufficient irrigation water is available, its use is generally favored." It is interesting in this connection to note that the most recent researches regarding the excessive shedding of young navel oranges in California all point to a summer growing plant such as alfalfa as the most promising possibility for successful control. The C. W. Kellogg orchard at Bakersfield was never profitable until planted permanently to alfalfa a number of years ago. Since that time it has yielded twice and three times the crop produced by neighboring orchards of the same age and it has never failed to carry a satisfactory crop when other orchards in the same locality have shed practically the entire crop. Unless sufficient water is available for both trees and alfalfa, more harm than good will result from planting alfalfa in the orchard. There will be active competition between the two for water and the alfalfa will get the better of the bargain to the detriment of the trees. This has been found to be particularly true of citrus trees. Existing unfavorable conditions will be aggravated if there is a deficiency of water. BODY FOUND Sixteen days after he had disappeared from his home at 1203 East Third street, Long Beach, the body of Clyde Lawrence, aged 37, was found Monday on the Shore of Alamitos Bay between Seal Beach and Naples, where it had been left by the high tide shortly before noon Sunday. The left wrist and the throat had been slashed, and the body had clearly been in the water several days. Coroned Winbigler was notified and took the remains to Santa Ana, after holding an insuest at Seal Beach, when a verdict of suicide was returned. The only possible means of identification was a watch found in the rosette, stating that two or three years' growing of this crop in an affected orchard results in the disappearance of the trcuble. D. F. Fisher, in a recent letter to the writer, says: "It may be of interest to you to learn that fully 75 per cent of the apple orchards in the Wenatchee district now have alfalfa as a permanent cover crop. Alfalfa appears to correct many of our soil troubles, and where sufficient irrigation water is available, its use is generally favored." It is interesting in this connection to note that the most recent researches regarding the excessive shedding of young navel oranges in California all point to a summer growing plant such as alfalfa as the most promising possibility for successful control. The C. W. Kellogg orchard at Bakersfield was never profitable until planted permanently to alfalfa a number of years ago. Since that time it has yielded twice and three times the crop produced by neighboring orchards of the same age and it has never failed to carry a satisfactory crop when other orchards in the same locality have shed practically the entire crop. Unless sufficient water is available for both trees and alfalfa, more harm than good will result from planting alfalfa in the orchard. There will be active competition between the two for water and the alfalfa will get the better of the bargain to the detriment of the trees. This has been found to be particularly true of citrus trees. Existing unfavorable conditions will be aggravated if there is a deficiency of water. BODY FOUND Sixteen days after he had disappeared from his home at 1203 East Third street, Long Beach, the body of Clyde Lawrence, aged 37, was found Monday on the Shore of Alamitos Bay between Seal Beach and Naples, where it had been left by the high tide shortly before noon Sunday. The left wrist and the throat had been slashed, and the body had clearly been in the water several days. Coroned Winbigler was notified and took the remains to Santa Ana, after holding an insuest at Seal Beach, when a verdict of suicide was returned. The only possible means of identification was a watch found in the rosette, stating that two or three years' growing of this crop in an affected orchard results in the disappearance of the trcuble. D. F. Fisher, in a recent letter to the writer, says: "It may be of interest to you to learn that fully 75 per cent of the apple orchards in the Wenatchee district now have alfalfa as a permanent cover crop. Alfalfa appears to correct many of our soil troubles, and where sufficient irrigation water is available, its use is generally favored." It is interesting in this connection to note that the most recent researches regarding the excessive shedding of young navel oranges in California all point to a summer growing plant such as alfalfa as the most promising possibility for successful control. The C. W. Kellogg orchard at Bakersfield was never profitable until planted permanently to alfalfa a number of years ago. Since that time it has yielded twice and three times the crop produced by neighboring orchards of the same age and it has never failed to carry a satisfactory crop when other orchards in the same locality have shed practically the entire crop. Unless sufficient water is available for both trees and alfalfa, more harm than good will result from planting alfalfa in the orchard. There will be active competition between the two for water and the alfalfa will get the better of the bargain to the detriment of the trees. This has been found to be particularly true of citrus trees. Existing unfavorable conditions will be aggravated if there is a deficiency of water. BODY FOUND Sixteen days after he had disappeared from his home at 1203 East Third street, Long Beach, the body of Clyde Lawrence, aged 37, was found Monday on the Shore of Alamitos Bay between Seal Beach and Naples, where it had been left by the high tide shortly before noon Sunday. The left wrist and the throat had been slashed, and the body had clearly been in the water several days. Coroned Winbigler was notified and took the remains to Santa Ana, after holding an insuest at Seal Beach, when a verdict of suicide was returned. The only possible means of identification was a watch found in the rosette, stating that two or three years' growing of this crop in an affected orchard results in the disappearance of the trcble. D. F. Fisher, in a recent letter to the writer, says: "It may be of interest to you to learn that fully 75 per cent of the apple orchards in the Wenatchee district now have alfalfa as a permanent cover crop. Alfalfa appears to correct many of our soil troubles, and where sufficient irrigation water is available, its use is generally favored." It is interesting in this connection to note that the most recent researches regarding the excessive shedding of young navel oranges in California all point to a summer growing plant such as alfalfa as the most promising possibility for successful control. The C. W. Kellogg orchard at Bakersfield was never profitable until planted permanently to alfalfa a number of years ago. Since that time it has yielded twice and three times the crop produced by neighboring orchards of the same age and it has never failed to carry a satisfactory crop when other orchards in the same locality have shed practically the entire crop. Unless sufficient water is available for both trees and alfalfa, more harm than good will result from planting alfalfa in the orchard. There will be active competition between the two for water and the alfalfa will get the better of the bargain to the detriment of the trees. This has been found to be particularly true of citrus trees. Existing unfavorable conditions will be aggravated if there is a deficiency of water. BODY FOUND Sixteen days after he had disappeared from his home at 1203 East Third street, Long Beach, the body of Clyde Lawrence, aged 37, was found Monday on the Shore of Alamitos Bay between Seal Beach and Naples, where it had been left by the high tide shortly before noon Sunday. The left wrist and the throat had been slashed, and the body had clearly been in the water several days. Coroned Winbigler was notified and took the remains to Santa Ana, after holding an insuest at Seal Beach, when a verdict of suicide was returned. The only possible means of identification was a watch found in the rosette, stating that two or three years' growing of this crop in an affected orchard results in the disappearance of the trcble. D. F. Fisher, in a recent letter to the writer, says: "It may be of interest to you to learn that fully 75 per cent ofthe apple orchards inthe Wenatchee district now have alfalfa as a permanent cover crop. Alfalfa appears to correct manyofour soil troubles,andwhere sufficient irrigationwaterisavailable,theuseisgenerally favored." It is interesting in this connection to note that the most recent researches regardingthe excessive sheddingofyoungnavelorangesinCaliforniaallpointtoasummergrowingplantsuchasalfalfaasthemostpromisingpossibilityforsuccessfulcontrol.TheC.W.KelloggorchardatBakersfieldwasneverprofitableuntilplantedpermanentlytoalfalfa.anumberofyearsago.Sincethattimeithasyieldedtwiceandthreetimesthecropproducedbyneighboringorchardsofthesameageandithasneverfailedtocarryasatisfactorycropwhenotherorchardsinthesamelocalityhaveshedpracticallytheentirecrop. Now,thedifferentlowstonegeyserflowsteamingvalleysin温度。Theearthunder thesewaboveboilingpointpossibleforwatervents;itturnstothecollectandreuseincontinuousflowturiesorhundredselapsefortherockfaceandthedeepcool,thewaterwavengesaswaterunvals,eoughstreamhurlitout。ThenbecomebasinsowspringslikeYellow。 ThecraterofKiitscircumferenceGriggs，whoheaderwhichexploredthemiles,massuredthepointoftherim.miles。Theprecipientdoesnotextendsouthwestside,iismeasuring2.6milesincircumference。inarea。Themillbottomis1.4mil垦thousandsofa mileof1.1quaremilcent-shapedislandures400feetfromprecipicefromthepointoftherim.iMr.Griggsestimetheholeat4,500ifthisholeweretherewouldbeenonyorkCityfor1,6eruptionbleuwoyardsmaterialtimestheamounttimemotionoftheP alfa on a soil may furthermore be expected to increase its water-holding capacity, to make it more open and friable and thus better aerated, and to prevent the loss of organic matter through excessive oxidation resulting from cultivation. In fact, it might be said that the possibility of conserving the humus content of the soil is the most potent reason why every orchardist should at least consider alfalfa as a possible intercrop. The experience of those who have tried it is that the additional water required is at least offset if not more than made up for by the saving in cultivation costs, with the hay "thrown in" for the cost of harvesting it. Thus the growing of alfalfa in the orchard provides a cheap source of feed for livestock and no system of agriculture is permanent unless it includes the keeping of livestock. The orchardist who intercrops his trees with alfalfa is practically forced into diversified agriculture and all our authorities agree that the greatest shortcoming in California agriculture is its too great specialization. Livestock means manure and manure means increased soil fertility, which in turn means more and better fruit. With the culture of deciduous fruits under irrigation in the arid West have come a number of peculiar problems which have until recently defied all attempts at solution Among these may be mentioned the alarming increase of bitter-pit of the apple, stippen, Jonathan spot, Baldwin spot, cook, drought spot, rosette and little leaf. All of these troubles and others of a similar nature have become very prevalent in Western fruit growing sections and have caused serious losses. In some cases they have even threatened to cause the abandonment of fruit raising. A great deal of time and effort has been spent in investigating these ob- MOVING THE EARTH Those who have visited French farm lands report that the fields that once yielded abundant crops seem blasted beyond all hope of recovery. The pockmarks of the small shells are everywhere, and at frequent intervals are huge craters, yards across and many feet deep, where the larger shells have exploded. At some points entire farms have disappeared, for here the troops sank their mines which when fired engulfed whole companies and entirely changed the contour of the land. The fertile top soil is gone, buried beneath the upturned sterile clay and sand. Back and forth across all this devastation run endless mazes of trenches, man deep, with earthen ramparts before them, cutting up the fields until plowing or cultivating seems an utter impossibility. Mr. Griggs estima- At a recent meet- and Food Supply State Council of F considered wha might be made in- ing crops for high- labor requirement. During the season was made into s- termine the man- commercial practi- the investigation M. Titus, of the W. nia, College of Ag. Professor M. B- out a table of un- pounds of nutriti- man day of labor- crops, cannery po- rants, early potato- barb, strawberry- beets, tomatoes- amount of food po- of labor (measur- from 11 for stra- wheat. In point of vav- wheat, sugar, po- on to the lessen- labor requiremen- of food the range- man days needed. NEW NATIONAL PARK CREATED BY CONGRESS Explosion of Mount Katmal Left a Remarkable Piece of Scenery At the end of September last President Wilson created by proclamation the Katmal National Monument. This reservation incloses what the explosive eruption of June, 1912, left of Mount Katmal, on the southern shore of Alaska, together with several neighboring valleys of steaming vents, the largest of which the National Geographic Society, which explored it in June, 1917, named the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." The two features are intimately related. Rock strata superheated since the great eruption underlle Katmal near enough to the surface to turn to instant steam the spring and drainage waters of many a surrounding mile of foothills. Thus originates the steam which Lursts from the myriad valley vents. The phenomenon is familiar in the neighborhood of most volcanoes which still are classed as active. Steaming springs, a later stage of the vents in this valley, are found upon the flanks of several of the most prominent of our Cascade volcanoes, and are numerous around the base of Lassen Peak. The comparison, however, between Katmal's steaming valleys and the geyser basins of Yellowstone is especially instructive because Yellowstone's basins once were what Katmal's steaming valleys are now. The "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes" is probably a coming geyser field of enormous size. The explanation is simple. Bunsen's geyser theory, now generally accepted, presupposes a column of water filling the geyser vent above a deep rocky superheated chamber in which trickling spring water is of wheat to 163% man days necessary to an acre output of strawberries. The federal demand for wheat and sugar is in line with conservation of man power and best output of food seemed to be borne out by this data, report stated. PLEDGED LARGE SUM TO ASSIST SOLDIERS National Catholic War Council Subscribes Million Dollars to Cause More than a million dollars was pledged by the National Catholic War Council at its headquarters in Washington toward New Year plans to provide for the future of the three million men already beginning to lay aside army and navy uniforms. Half a million dollars is to be devoted to the after-care of disabled and wounded soldiers,' sailors and marines, while almost a quarter of a million apiece will start wide-spread employment and vocational training campaigns. Thousands of trained men and women workers are now being sent throughout the country by this Catholic organization to cooperate with government bureauals in these first undertakings, in its reconstruction program. For crippled and invalid fighters, many of whom must need special care for the rest of their lives, the services of committees of Catholic women are being enlisted in every central community in this country. Hundreds of trained nurses and special workers have been put at the disposal of the leaders in this after-care campaign, together with the facilities of every Catholic hospital in the land. Improved public interests are expected to be brought about by this work, which will be done in close co-operation with local chapters of the American Red Cross. PRICES OF FOODSTUFF IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES Food Administration Gives List Prevailing in Other Lands The Food Administration has issued the following statement: From information received by the United States Food Administration through channels considered reliable, it is possible to acquaint American producers with recent quotations for certain foodstuffs and feeds abroad. The prevailing rate of exchange has been observed in expressing values in terms of United States currency. France Retail prices of straw in Paris late in September ranged from $25 to $50 per ton. Lucerne (alfalfa) was quoted at $58 to $76 per ton. Potato prices ranger from $2.22 to $3 per bushel; butter from 83 cents to $1.02 a pound, and poultry from 40 cents to $1.82 per pound. Although the fixed retail price of horseflesh was 17 cents per pound late in September, it was sold through unauthorized channels for from 41 to 50 cents per pound. England Wholesale milk prices in England have been placed on a scale which stipulates a price of 50 cents per gallon between November 21 and December 16. After that date and until May 1, 1919, the price is 50 to 51 cents per gallon. Switzerland The fixed wholesale price for potatoes of the 1918 crop is $1.74 per bushel. Purchases from the producer can be made only by the cantonal authorities. Germany In September people were paying $174 per pound for saccharine which a few months before sold for about $35 per pound. About September 15 The comparison, however, between Katmal's steaming valleys and the geyser basins of Yellowstone is especially instructive because Yellowstone's basins once were what Katmal's steaming valleys are now. The "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes" is probably a coming geyser field of enormous size. The explanation is simple. Bunsen's geyser theory, now generally accepted, presupposes a column of water filling the geyser vent above a deep rocky superheated chamber in which trickling spring water is being rapidly turned into steam. When this steam becomes plentiful enough and sufficiently compressed to overcome the weight of the water in the vent, it suddenly expands and hurls the water out. That is what makes the geyser play. Now, the difference between the Yellowstone geyser fields and Katmal's steaming valleys is just a difference in temperature. The entire depth of earth under these valleys is heated far above boiling point, so that it is not possible for water to remain in the vents; it turns to steam as fast as it collects and rushes out at the top in continuous flow. But when centuries or hundreds of centuries enough elapse for the rocks between the surface and the deep internal pockets to cool, the water will remain in many vents as water until, at regular intervals, enough steam gathers below to hurl it out. Then these valleys will become basins of geysers and hot springs like Yellowstone's. The crater of Katmal is very large. Its circumference, says Robert F. Griggs, who headed the expeditions which explored the entire area, is 8.4 miles, measured along the highest point of the rim. "The area is 4.6 miles. The precipitous abyss, which does not extend to the rim of the southwest side, is somewhat shorter, measuring 2.6 miles in length, 7.6 miles in circumference, and 4.2 square miles in area. The milky blue lake at the bottom is 1.4 miles long and nineteenth of a mile wide, with an area of 1.1 square miles. The little crescent-shaped island in the lake measures 400 feet from point to point. The precipice from the lake to the highest point of the rim is 3,700 feet." Mr. Griggs estimates the capacity of the hole at 4,500,000,000 cubic yards. If this hole were filled with water, there would be enough to supply New York City for 1,635 days. The great eruption blew out 11,000,000,000 cubic yards of material, more than forty times the amount removed in the construction of the Panama Canal. JOE TAVIS GETS GOOD JOB J. J. Tavis was in Santa Ana from Grand Rapids, Mich., spending the holidays with his family. Tavis has been at Grand Rapids for some time as accountant at 'the Picnic acid plant, which has been manufacturing war gases for the government for use in fighting. Tuesday he received an appointment as head accountant and chief clerk under Major W. B. Ballanstine at Washington, and immediately filed his acceptance of the office. He left January 7 to take up his duties. All the equipment and stocks of the various manufacturing branches that have been engaged in producing gases and acids for the government will be assembled at Baltimore, and all these accounts and settlements will pass many of whom must need special care for the rest of their lives, the services of committees of Catholic women are being enlisted in every central community in this country. Hundreds of trained nurses and special workers have been put at the disposal of the leaders in this after-care campaign, together with the facilities of every Catholic hospital in the land. Improved public interests are expected to be brought about by this work, which will be done in close co-operation with local chapters of the American Red Cross. A hundred vocational advisory experts and a hundred thousand dollars have been placed at the disposal of the United States Board of Vocational Education by the National Catholic War Council. In every Catholic college and school, special efforts are being made to interest and train men to co-operate in this vital work of refitting the wounded soldier and sailor or industrial life. To help every homebound soldier, sailor and marine to find a good job, almost two hundred thousand dollars is now being spent in organizing Catholics in community groups to co-operate with the United States Employment Service and other agencies. In Boston, Chicago, New York and Philadelphia, such organizations are already completed and placed at the disposal of the government, while fifty field directors, to co-ordinate Catholic co-operation in every community, are being sent to every state, as assistants to the federal directors, by the reconstruction committee of the National Catholic War Council. ARGENTINA The Royal Commission in Argentina has purchased cereals for the allies at the following prices per bushel: Wheat, $1.56; oats, 45 cents; corn, 62 cents. Although the reports are fragmentary, they show by the wide variance in different countries how the war has interfered with normal production or distribution of food, and in some cases both. The European prices for the most part clearly reflect the known shortage of foods, but in cases of regulation, as for instance, the English milk schedule, an artificial factor is introduced which must be understood if accurate conclusions are to be drawn. The Argentine grain quotations are especially worthy of study as showing the effect on prices of geographical remoteness and lack of adequate shipping. They have made material advance as a result of peace. SELECTION OF CROPS At a recent meeting of the Resources and Food Supply Committee of the State Council of Defense, the members considered what recommendation might be made in reference to selecting crops for high food value and small labor requirements. During the season of 1918 an inquiry was made into selected crops to determine the man labor required, under commercial practices. The details of the investigation were handled by C. M. Titus, of the University of California, College of Agriculture. Professor M. E. Jaffa then worked out a table of units to show the actual pounds of nutrition produced by each man day of labor, expended. For 11 crops, cannery peas, cantaloupes, currants, early potatoes, green corn, rhubarb, strawberries, string beans, sugar beets, tomatoes and wheat—the amount of food produced per man day of labor (measured as therms) ranged from 11 for strawberries to 2202 for wheat. In point of value, the order stood, wheat, sugar, potatoes, tomatoes, and on to the lesser valuable foods. In labor requirements to produce an acre of food the range was from about 1¼ man days needed in producing an acre fighting. Tuesday he received an appointment as head accountant and chief clerk under Major W. B. Ballanstine at Washington, and immediately filed his acceptance of the office. He left January 7 to take up his duties. All the equipment and stocks of the various manufacturing branches that have been engaged in producing gases and acids for the government will be assembled at Baltimore, and all these accounts and settlements will pass through the office of which Tavis will be chief clerk. The appointment is a fine one and carries a good salary, with prospects of being permanent. Tavis is an expert accountant and during the opening of Camp Kearny was employed there in opening and straightening books. HOTEL VALENCIA Modern in Every Respect Finest Hotel in Orange County Accommodations Unsurpassed By any hotel in the Southland and prices reasonable. Corner Lemon and Center Sts Anaheim, California Rates, $1.00 per night, up. Special Rates by the week or month. INVESTIGATE DECLINE Regarding the decline in government bonds a New York financial journal says: The decline in government bonds has come about through independent causes. It has been particularly marked in the new Fourth Liberty 4½ s. These have dropped below 9, at which figure the yield to maturity is considerably over 4⅓ per cent. A variety of causes has been assigned for the decline. It has been urged that the bonds were being sold by large holders who had over-subscribed. Again we have been told that the bonds were being thrown overboard because of the restriction upon Stock Exchange borrowing imposed by the Money Committee. Still another explanation has been that holders were selling the bonds in order to pocket the loss and correspondingly improve their income tax return by deducting the loss which they could not do so long as the loss was not an actual but only a paper one. The most tenable theory is that the issue being in over-large supply, subscriptions having reached nearly seven billion dollars, the bonds have not yet found permanent lodgment in the hands of genuine investors or in financial institutions. Be this as it may, the decline is fur- GRAPE SUGAR More than 40,000 tons of sugar, of a present value of nearly $8,000,000, can be conserved if "the 250,000 tons of wine and table grapes that cannot be used next year in the usual way are made into grape sugar," according to a report of the College of Agriculture of the University of California. The report states that excellent grape syrups can be made from our surplus table, raisin, and wine grapes. The following conclusions are arrived at: Syrups have been made suitable for all the usual purposes, table use, cooking, canning, and preserving. They differ from any at present on the market, but are preferred by many who have tasted them. Their principal use will be for the kitchen or the table, or for home canning and preserving. Under ordinary conditions they will be more expensive than syrups made from beets or sugar cane and must depend for their market on those willing to pay a higher price on account of their different or superior quality. The market, therefore, will at first probably be small; but may develop in time to become an important outlet for much of our surplus grape crop. The price for potash is $1.74 per bushel the producer can cantonal authorily were paying charine which a sold for about $35 September 15 the lin was $1.04 per surge 98 cents per producers maximum during September the in Branden Bavaria. meat in Bohemia 56 per pound, and lightly more than jam, which form pound retail, sold $1.23 per pound. during September cents per pound, cents per pound, potatoes varied bushel in different price-fixing possible to sell 18 to 19 cents a ing in Moscow un-emption for about bottle, and more advanced prices of restrictions. passion in Argentina is for the allies at prices per bushel: 45 cents; corn, 62 ports are fragmen-the wide variance how the war has normal production or and in some cases prices for the reflect the known out in cases of regiance, the English factorial factor is in be understood if are to be drawn. main quotations are study as showing of geographical re-of adequate ship-made material ad- peace. tasted them. Their principal use will be for the kitchen or the table, or for home canning and preserving. Under ordinary conditions they will be more expensive than syrups made from beets or sugar cane and must depend for their market on those willing to pay a higher price on account of their different or superior quality. The market, therefore, will at first probably be small, but may develop in time to become an important outlet for much of our surplus grape crop. Details of the experiment work and of the methods tested and devised will be found in Bulletin 303, entitled "Grape Syrup, Preliminary Report," by Professors Frederic T. Bioletti and W. V. Cruess, of the College of Agriculture, which will be sent free to residents of the state on application to the Director of the Experiment Station, Berkeley, California. MILLION FARMERS BACK COUNTY AGENTS At present more than 1,000,000 farmers are members of organizations assisting the county agent in his work. Through these organizations the American farmer and his family are now in close personal touch with a large corps of well-trained men and women so linked with Federal and State institutions for the promotion of agriculture that farming people can readily avail themselves of the results of scientific research and practical experience the world over to aid them in their work on the farm and their life in the home. TYPEWRITING 5 CENTS A PAGE (150 words) Mail your copy Pitman, 523 Chamber of Commerce, L. A. Griffith Lumber Co. SEE US FOR YOUR BUILDING MATERIAL In Any Amount, Large or Small South Los Angeles St. H. M. ADAMS, Mgr. Good Place to Buy— G-O-O-D L-U-M-B-E-R C. GANAHL LUMBER COMPANY Anaheim: Cal Good Place to Buy— G-O-O-D L-U-M-B-E-R C. GANAHL LUMBER COMPANY Anaheim, Cal ANAHEIM FEED and FUEL CO. DEALERS IN Wood, Coal, Hay, Grain Seeds and Flour PUBLIC WEIGHING SCALES Phones: Pacific 317, Home 294 R. W. McClellan, W. D. Grafton, Props. CITY MEAT MARKET 117 W. Center St. ED. W. SCHNEIDER Proprietor Let us supply you for your Xmas dinner! All our poultry and meats are the very choicest. We also carry New York count Oysters. Phone Your Orders Early. We deliver to all parts of the city. Home 1053 PHONES Sunset 20