anaheim-gazette 1915-10-21

VALUE OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS SHOWN FIGURES GIVING THE AMOUNT OF PLANT FOOD CONTAINED IN THE MATERIALS USED RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS AT THE STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AT BERKELEY Fertilizers are made for the purpose of furnishing plant food. The farmer should buy such fertilizers as furnish the most plant food for the money, quality considered. Simple fertilizers furnish plant food cheaper than mixed complete fertilizers. One dollar's worth of a high grade complete fertilizer furnishes plant food worth 88 cents. One dollar's worth of low grade complete fertilizer furnishes plant food worth only 59 cents. Some manufacturers uphold their guarantees better than others. By consulting this bulletin the farmer can learn which was most dependable last year, therefore likely to be reliable in future. A good degree of fineness is essential to a good fertilizer. The farmer will serve his own interests best by insisting on having finely ground fertilizers. The law requires fertilizer packages to be properly labeled. If the consumer accepts improperly labeled goods, he may thereby lose the protection of the fertilizer control. Selling fertilizers on basis of station analysis may be an advantage to both buyer and seller. Some manufacturers may abuse this privilege, in consequence the fertilizer control will refuse to make such analysis for such companies. actually made to farmers in California during 1913-14. The number of samples represented were 4, having over $35.00 per ton, 34 between $25 and $35 per ton, and 18 sold for less than $25 per ton. It is a matter of record that tankage and sometimes other simples have been sold at prices below the station valuation, so that if all sales were included in the tabulation the average selling price of nitrogen and phosphoric acid in tankage would be still closer to the station valuation than those given in the table. Average Cost of Plant Food in Various Materials— Prices actually paid by farmers— Cents per lb. Organic nitrogen in— Bone meal ...26.2 Blood ...25.5 Tankage ...24.1 Fish tankage ...22.7 Complete fertilizer over $35 ...24.9 Complete fertilizer $25 to $35 ...29.9 Complete fertilizer under $25 ...38.2 *Mineral nitrogen in— Complete fertilizer over $35 ...Not found Complete fertilizer, $25 to $35 ...22.5 Complete fertilizer under $25 ...26.1 Nitrate of lime ...18.8 Nitrate of soda ...18.6 Cyanamid ...16.2 Sulfate of ammonia ...No data Phosphoric acid in— Acid phosphate ...6.0 Bone meal ...5.3 Tankage ...3.9 Complete fertilizer over $35 ...4.7 complete fertilizer $25 to $35 ...6.1 Complete fertilizer under $25 ...7.4 Potash in— Sulfate of potash ...6.1 Complete fertilizer over $35 ...6.4 Complete fertilizer $25 to $35 ...7.7 Complete fertilizer under $25 ...9.7 *Mineral nitrogen means nitrogen in form of nitrate, sulfate of ammonia or cyanamid. Attention is particularly directed to the much lower cost of plant food in high grade than in low grade complete fertilizers as shown by the above table. EVADING THE LAW The fruit standardization law does not include in its provisions fruit in... The law requires fertilizer packages to be properly labeled. If the consumer accepts improperly labeled goods, he may thereby lose the protection of the fertilizer control. Selling fertilizers on basis of station analysis may be an advantage to both buyer and seller. Some manufacturers may abuse this privilege, in consequence the fertilizer control will refuse to make such analysis for such companies. Fertilizer valuations are made for the purpose of affording a means of comparison of different brands. Properly used, they enable the farmer to buy at lowest cost that fertilizer which will best supply his needs. These valuations do not show what should be the selling price of fertilizers. Less than two-fifths of the number of brands of fertilizers offered by the manufacturer are actually bought by farmers. The other three-fifths seem to be superfluous. The purpose of a fertilizer is to furnish plant food. The farmer wishes to obtain his plant food at the lowest cost consistent with the desired quality. The costs of mixing, sacking, freighting, selling, etc., are the same whether a ton of fertilizer contains 200 or 600 pounds of plant food. Hence it is evident that 100 pounds of plant food in a high grade fertilizer will cost less than in a low grade material on account of the smaller amount of valuable material which must be handled in the high grade goods. A high-grade complete fertilizer may contain as much as 600 pounds of plant food in a ton, while some low grade goods will not carry more than 200 pounds in one ton. Therefore it seems plain that the farmer serves himself best by buying only high grade goods. In this connection it is important to observe that where fertilizers are sold on the unit basis the buyer is much more likely to receive good value for his money than if the goods are sold by the ton. In the latter case, the farmer buys a ton of fertilizer which may consist of almost anything. But if he buys by the unit he pays for the numbers of pounds of nitrogen, phosphoric acid or potash shown to be present by analysis and the non-plant food, commonly known as filler, is not taken into account. This statement is not literally correct, for it is usually true that the price per unit of plant food is lower in high grade than in low grade goods. The following table has been prepared to show the variations in price of plant food in various kinds and grades of fertilizers. In every case it will be observed that in complete fertilizers the higher the price per ton the lower is the cost per pound of plant food, i.e., nitrogen, phosphoric acid, or potash. The table also shows the relative cost of plant food in the various simples as they are called; meaning the simple or primary substances of which complete fertilizers are composed, such as blood super Complete fertilizer over $38...6.4 Complete fertilizer $25 to $35...7.7 Complete fertilizer under $25 ...9.7 * Mineral nitrogen means nitrogen in form of nitrate, sulfate of ammonia or cyanamid. Attention is particularly directed to the much lower cost of plant food in high grade than in low grade complete fertilizers as shown by the above table. EVADING THE LAW The fruit standardization law does not include in its provisions fruit in open lug boxes. This fact has given some unthinking people and possibly unprincipled growers an opportunity to forward to eastern markets fruit that is unripe and otherwise below the standard set by the provisions provided for packed fruit. That the reputation of California fruits has been annually injured by shipments of fruits that are not of good quality is well known, and because of this fact and the fear that a continuance of such unbusinesslike methods would result in serious loss to the whole industry our present standardization law was asked for. Growers of oranges have discovered that the shipment of immature and low grade fruit is one of the things that must be eliminated absolutely if the enlargement of markets may be induced to keep pace with the increased production that growers of all citrus fruits are now facing. Quality must not be lost sight of for a moment if consumers are to be influenced to eat more oranges and not less. Florida and Louisiana are factors in the marketing of oranges that may not be eliminated without the utmost care in the inspection of the fruit as it leaves our packing houses. Growers of deciduous fruits are even more liable to successful competition by eastern growers, unless the highest standard of excellence be insisted upon and enforced in all cases. We pride ourselves upon the production of some varieties of fruits that are almost if not quite peculiar to our soil and climate. Foreign varieties of grapes are among them and yet how shortsighted is the grower who ships green and ripe grapes to a market where ripe fruit of some kind is available. A small number of people will eat green and unwholesome fruit, out of season, solely because it is out of season, but the masses that must be our customers if the fruit industry is to thrive in its fast increasing proportion. And yet that organizes time being necessary everybody knows, in machinery. There could be organization if our elders were literally carried intended to be, by them and informal selection of government, not or leaders, but by them of the thousand neighbors vast country. It was wise some machinery or innumerable choices so dinated and squared wilt it was a huge business a compact and efficient. Moreover, there was process of selection to direct. Students owe methods have not brought into their reckoning diversity of social interest and development listed among the different regions of this various even yet shows every little extraordinary mixture elements of population necessary to keep th The following table has been prepared to show the variations in price of plant food in various kinds and grades of fertilizers. In every case it will be observed that in complete fertilizers the higher the price per ton the lower is the cost per pound of plant food, i.e., nitrogen, phosphoric acid, or potash. The table also shows the relative cost of plant food in the various simples as they are called; meaning the simple or primary substances of which complete fertilizers are composed, such as blood, superphosphate, sulfate of potash, each of which contains only one kind of plant food. It is very necessary to realize that commercial cost of plant food and agricultural availability of this same plant food are not necessarily related and frequently have no connection with each other. Nitrogen in blood costs much more than in nitrate of soda, but is really less available as plant food; although on account of other effects of blood, nitrogen in that form may sometimes be agriculturally more desirable. Also a mixture, the cost of which comes chiefly from phosphoric acid, will sell much cheaper per ton than one with a high percentage of nitrogen, yet the former may be much more valuable to the farmer for certain crops and conditions. The choice of the kind of plant food to be purchased should be based on a knowledge of the needs of the particular crop and soil to be treated. Only after this is decided should the cost of the fertilizer be considered, when the particular kind of fertilizer supplying the ingredient desired should be selected according to its agricultural availability and cost. In order to show the advantage of buying high grade goods the case may be stated as follows: One dollar buys 88 cents worth of plant food in a high grade fertilizer, 76 cents worth in medium grade and only 59 cents worth in low grade goods. Or it may be said that the cost of placing a dollar's worth of plant food in the hands of the farmer is 12 cents for high grade goods, 24 cents for medium grade goods, and 41 cents in low grade goods. The figures used in compiling these tables are taken from records of sales that are almost if not quite peculiar to our soil and climate. Foreign varieties of grapes are among them and yet how shortsighted is the grower who ships green and sour grapes to a market where ripe fruit of some kind is available. A small number of people will eat green and unwholesome fruit, out of season, solely because it is out of season, but the masses that must be our customers if the fruit industry is to thrive in its fast increasing proportions are learning to eat fruit because it is wholesome, aids digestion and promotes health. The welfare of the individual grower and the prosperity of the state at large depend upon the conduct of the fruit business in a businesslike and proper manner, which includes the placing before our customers fruits that are all right in appearance and flavor, and health promoting. VALUABLE NEW WORK ON SOILS That California ranchers are keenly alert to take advantage of new methods in agriculture is demonstrated by the steady stream of requests which come pouring in to the University of Southern California for one of its recent publications, Nitrating the Soil by Inoculated Legumes. This bulletin is from the pen of Dr. Gilbert Ellis Bailey, head of the department of geology, and noted authority on soils. It discusses the question of securing nitrogen for cultivated land by the use of nitrogen bacteria. A copy of the bulletin will be sent free to anyone interested, and hundreds of ranchers have already availed themselves of this opportunity. Dr. M. M. Henderson, Dentist, Suite 1, Mullinix bldg., Anaheim. A safe place for your valuable papers is in a saef deposit box in the Anaheim National Bank. Moreover, there was process of selection to be directed. Students or methods have not brought into their reckoning diversity of social interest and development listed among the different regions of this variety even yet shows every trifle of growth and most extraordinary mixture elements of population necessary to keep this body together by co-pressure, to give it an ergy stimulated, by our logical action was not to be confused and disjoint not conscious of any clarity of interest or we have broken up into areas and coteries. We now more parties than sections of political office were distinctly markedulation and developmentests has been kept energetic stimulated, by our agents and leaders seeing to it that systeminations were regularly upon the voters by paligns, whether there reason or not why, callity, this party or the ferred; and national parties placed together outof ments. The creation necessary to the creation I do not know how parties could have been such heterogeneous such diversified interests. The voter has not therefore, has not ther difficult and intricate cannot organize a go year or two, make us sonnel, apply its pumwards, in effect its di motions. Neither is or any group of office ment itself who can him, for no officer nor throrthy. Just because there offices to be filled by cause there are long tickets to be made u WILSON ARRAYED AGAINST NON-PARTY IDEA PRESIDENT DECLARES POLITICAL PARTIES NOT ONLY NECESSARY BUT DESIRABLE SUCCESSFUL, ORDERLY POPULAR GOVERNMENT IMPOSSIBLE WITHOUT THEM President Wilson is strongly opposed to the destruction of political parties, and in a recent magazine article declared that parties are necessary in order to bring about co-operation on the important questions of government that confront the people. Following are extracts from his article received from the democratic state central committee: Of course parties are necessary. They are not only necessary, but desirable, in order that conviction upon great public questions may be organized and bodies of men of like opinion and purpose brought together in effective and habitual co-operation. Successful, orderly popular government is impossible without them. The old New England town meeting, for example, was an admirable instrument of actual self-government. Where neighborhoods are small and neighbors know one another they can make actual selection of the men they wish to put into office. Every candidate is known by everybody, and the officers of government when elected serve a constituency of whose interests and opinions they are keenly and intimately aware. Any community whose elements are homogeneous and whose interests are simple can govern itself very well in this informal fashion. The people in such a case, rather than the government, are the organism. But those simple days have needs close and constant attention to the matter to perform the duty of selection successfully—as careful and constant attention as the superintendent of a great business or the head of a great government bureau has to exercise in selecting and keeping up the personnel of his factory, his office, or his bureau—it cannot possibly be done by the voters as a body. It requires too much knowledge and too much judgment, bestowed upon little offices without number as well as upon great. It is very desirable to have secret voting to protect the voter against scrutiny of any kind of coercion; direct or indirect; it may be very desirable to have non-partisan nominations; but no secret or nonpartisan device can make it possible for the voter to use such ballots intelligently or to pick out his own candidates for office when there are a multitude of offices to be filled. It is the size and variety of the ballot that perplexes and baffles him, he never so intelligent and never so anxious to vote for the best candidates. He cannot possibly make himself acquainted with the individual claims of the men whose names appear on these long lists. Many of the offices he is voting to fill are themselves as obscure as the men who have been nominated to occupy them. He is not interested in the list as a whole. A few conspicuous names upon it, candidates for the greater offices, he may have heard something about, a candidate for congress or for the governorship of his state, but the rest as mere names to him. It is impossible that he should discriminate. RURAL MAIL SERVICE IMPAIRED Complaints continually coming to Washington tell of impairment of the rural mail service because of changes made in recent months by an administration whose head and chief subordinate officers had no practical knowledge of the service prior to their appointment to their present positions. Failure to understand rural conditions and the needs of the farmers, is the only explanation that can be made, Little Lumber Talks LITTLE LUMBER ORDERS A fellow asked the other day, "would it be too much trouble for you to send me a bunch of four-foot lath, I want to build a chicken coop?" Goodness gracious NO, that's just in our line. Phone that order in NOW. Phone them In, Pac. 201—Home 2684 and hear us smile GIBBS LUMBER Broadway & Vine Sts., Anaheim. J.C.Osher,D.D.S.,M.D. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT—ORAL SURGERY—GLASSES FITTED Salte 1, Central Bldg. Anahelm Phone Sunset 337 Office Phones: Home 753-1 Bell Sunset 341-J. Res. 125 E. Broadway, Cor. Claudina Phones: Pac. 341-M; Home 753-2 Bells J.W.TRUXAW,M.D. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON Hours 11-12; 2-4; 7-8 German American Bank Building Cor. Center and Los Angeles Sts. Anahelm, Cal. strument of actual self-government. Where neighborhoods are small and neighbors know one another they can make actual selection of the men they wish to put into office. Every candidate is known by everybody, and the officers of government when elected serve a constituency of whose interests and opinions they are keenly and intimately aware. Any community whose elements are homogeneous and whose interests are simple can govern itself very well in this informal fashion. The people in such a case, rather than the government, are the organism. But those simple days have gone by. The people of our great communities, from one end of the country to the other, are not homogeneous, but composite, their interests varied and extended, their life complex and intricate. The voters who make them up are largely strangers to each other. Town meetings are out of the question except for the most formal purposes, perfunctory served; life sweeps around a thousand centers, and the old processes of selection, the old bases of responsibility, are impossible. We have given the people something so vast and complicated to do in asking them to select all the officers of government that they cannot do it. It must be done for them by professionals. There are so many men to be named for office; it is futile to name one or two unless you name a whole ticket; the offices that fill a ticket are so many and so obscure that it is impossible the thing should be done informally and offhand by direct, unassisted popular choice. There must be a preliminary process of selection, nomination, of preparing the ticket as a whole, unless there is to be hopeless confusion, names put up at haphazard and nobody elected by a clear majority at the end. The (party) machine is as yet an indispensable instrumentality of our politics. And yet that organization is for the time being necessary. It centres, as everybody knows, in the nominating machinery. There could be no party organization if our elective system were literally carried out as it was intended to be, by the actual direct and informal selection of every officer of government, not by party agents or leaders, but by the scattered voters of the thousand neighborhoods of a vast country. It was necessary to devise some machinery by which these innumerable choices should be co-ordinated and squared with party lines. It was a huge business and called for a compact and efficient organization. Moreover, there was more than the process of selection to be overseen and directed. Students of our political methods have not often enough brought into their reckoning the great diversity of social and economic interest and development which has existed among the different sections and regions of this various country, which even yet shows every stage and variety of growth and make up an extraordinary mixture of races and elements of population. It has been necessary to keep this miscellaneous RURAL MAIL SERVICE IMPAIRED Complaints continually coming to Washington tell of impairment of the rural mail service because of changes made in recent months by an administration whose head and chief subordinate officers had no practical knowledge of the service prior to their appointment to their present positions. Failure to understand rural conditions and the needs of the farmers, is the only explanation that can be made, for it is incompressible that the department would intentionally cripple the rural mail service. A few days ago the master of the State Grange in Pennsylvania told of the manner in which the rural delivery service had deteriorated in that state. Now comes a congressman from Minnesota with a plain declaration of facts showing that the department has made changes of the most incredible kind, even including the establishment of a route on roads which have been abandoned 15 or 20 years and which are utterly impassible in any kind of weather. The only plausible explanation of this latter action is that in changing the route from one road to another, the department merely consulted a map and did not have the proposed change inspected by some one familiar with the neighborhood. Congressman Sidney Anderson, of the first congressional district of Minnesota, says that in most of the counties of his district there has been an elimination of one or two routes, parts of the routes eliminated being attached to others. This policy has added additional miles to practically all the routes in the counties affected, some of them now being as much as 32 miles long. "Farmers in all these counties say it will be practically impossible for the carriers to cover their routes during the winter months, especially if we have a heavy snow," says Mr. Anderson, who has been in close touch with the farming communities. "There has been considerable curtailment of service, a great deal of added inconvenience, and in many instances it will be impossible to serve the routes as established." Mr. Anderson points out one injurious effect of these changes which was also mentioned by John A. McSparran, Master of the Pennsylvania State Grange. He says: "These wholesale changes result in changing the addresses of thousands of farmers, and practically nullify the use of the par- Moreover, there was more than the process of selection to be overseen and directed. Students of our political methods have not often enough brought into their reckoning the great diversity of social and economic interest and development which has existed among the different sections and regions of this various country, which even yet shows every stage and variety of growth and make up and an extraordinary mixture of races and elements of population. It has been necessary to keep this miscellaneous body together by continual exterior pressure, to give it a common direction and consciousness of purpose by sheer force of organization, if political action was not to become hopelessly confused and disordered. It was not conscious of any immediate solidarity of interest or object. It might have broken up into a score of groups and coteries. We might have had more parties than France, as many sections of political opinions as there were distinctly marked regions of population and development. Party interests has been kept alive, party energy stimulated, by entrusting to local agents and leaders the duty of seeing to it that systematic party nominations were regularly made and urged upon the voters by organized campaigns, whether there was any natural reason or not why, in any given locality, this party or that should be preferred; and national parties have been placed together out of these local fragments. The creation of the parts was necessary to the creation of the whole. I do not know how else co-ordinated parties could have been made out of such heterogeneous materials and such diversified interests. The voter has not the leisure and, therefore, has not the knowledge for the difficult and intricate business. He cannot organize a government every year or two, make up its whole personnel, apply its punishments and rewards, in effect its dismissals and promotions. Neither is there any officer or any group of officers of the government itself who can organize it for him, for no officer has the legal authority. Just because there are innumerable offices to be filled by election, just because there are long and elaborate tickets to be made up, just because it Mr. Anderson points out one injurious effect of these changes which was also mentioned by John A. McSparran, Master of the Pennsylvania State Grange. He says: "These wholesale changes result in changing the addresses of thousands of farmers, and practically nullify the use of the parcel post in a local way, as only a comparatively small proportion of the farmers are now served from their trading town." Theoretically, the only persons injured by these changes are the farmers, but in practice the local merchants and all other persons having dealings with the farmers are injured in no less degree. Says Mr. Anderson: "The changes practically render valueless the mailing lists of every merchant, and will result in very great confusion in the handling of the local malls for some time to come." The endless confusion resulting from a change which compels a farmer to get and send mail from one town while he transacts his local business in another, will be readily apparent. If he has produce to send to market by parcel post, he certainly wants it to go to the town where he does his local trading. A change in routes which makes him a patron of some other post office, as stated by Mr. Anderson, renders the service so valueless that he might as well go after his mail as have it delivered by rural route. Many hunters went down to the gun clubs on Friday morning to take their chances on bagging a mess of ducks from the roadsides. There were plenty of ducks and plenty of hunters and all report getting good bags. The First National Bank Paid up Capital $50,000. Surplus and Undivided Profits over $65,000 Originally organized as a State Bank in 1893. "The Old Reliable Bank" Officers and Directors C. E. HOLCOMB, President EDGAR J. HARTUNG, Cashier, FRANK SHANLEY, Vice-President H. L. USTICK, Asst. Cashier. A. S. BRADFORD, Vice-President M. C. GOFF, Asst. Cashier. SAMUEL KRAEMER Our resources, advice and efficient service are at the disposition of our friends and customers at all times, and we assure you that any business entrusted to our care will receive prompt and careful attention. 4 Per Cent Interest Paid on Time Certificates. BETTER DO YOUR BANKING BUSINESS WITH "The Old Reliable Bank" Melilotus-Indica Bean Sacks Hay, Grain, Wood, Coal, Seeds, ICE and Poultry Supplies Halley & McClellan 290 N. Los Angeles St. Pac 317 Home 294 Hay, Grain, Wood, Coal, Seeds, ICE and Poultry Supplies Halley & McClellan 290 N. 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