anaheim-gazette 1915-05-27

RAZING OF LANDMARK BEGINS ON FRIDAY John Ziegler will give Anaheim a Hotel Which Will Contain All Modern Conveniences. John Ziegler will begin tomorrow tearing down the old frame landmark at Center and Lemon streets to make way for his new $45,000 modern hotel. He has the specifications drawn so as to permit local contractors to bid upon the different units. Mr. Ziegler wants home mechanics to get the benefit and will give them a chance to help in its construction. According to the plans the building is destined to be the finest hostelry in the county and will be a decided acquisition to the architectural beauty of the city. The main entrance will be on Center street, opening into a large lobby. The dining room will be on the lower floor with an entrance from Lemon street. The building will be four stories in height and an elevator will be installed. A feature of the edifice will be the roof garden. The front is of artistic design and all minor details are amply provided for. The second and third floors will be devoted to hotel purposes. A series of electric lights will be installed upon the apex, which it is calculated will be seen at night for many miles. The structure will be rushed to an early completion and Mr. Ziegler is to be congratulated upon his enterprise. The Anaheim National bank will occupy the northwest corner and will have banking quarters of the latest pattern and design. BIG STAG BARBECUE A JOYOUS EVENT Orange County Wine Company Entertained Large Crowd at Its Fourth Annual Celebration at Newport The Orange County Wine company royally entertained 1200 guests at their fourth annual barbecue given at Newport Beach on Sunday. Sixteen hundred pounds of beef and mutton were served in the highest style of the art to which ample justice was done. People came from all points of the compass and were entertained in a truly hospitable manner, for which the managers of the company are justly famed. Mr. Nicolas saw that nothing was lacking to appease the appetite of the most fastidious and the genial host was heartily complimented for his wholesome generosity. Mr. Noll, to whom the success of the annual outing was in great measure due, also extended the glad hand, and the guests were assured that if there was anything they wanted all they had to do was to ask for it. Many speeches were made by citizens from this city and elsewhere and the occasion was made one long to be remembered. The Anaheim band discoursed music during the day which was greatly enjoyed by all. Boxing contests among amateurs were staged and some lively settos enlivened the occasion. The joyous gathered continued until late in the afternoon when all returned to their homes, voicing the unanimous verdict that Mr. Nicolas and his able corps of assistants were the best of entertainers. SUMMER VACATIONS COMING—ARM AGAINST TYPHOID Get vaccinated now against typhoid fever, before you take your summer vacation, for most typhoid cases are contracted in the country. Such is the advice to the public of the state hygienic laboratory, maintained at the University of California by the State Board of Health. It takes several weeks after vaccination for immunity against typhoid to establish itself, so the matter ought to be attended to before an outbreak of typhoid, instead of after, and well in advance of a trip to the country, where water supplies are often poorly protected and where flies, primitive sanitation and possible human carriers of typhoid are more apt to be encountered than in cities. There are 450 deaths from typhoid every year in California—practically all a needless waste of life. But you and your family need not be among the unnecessary victims, for the state hygienic laboratory will send anti-typhoid vaccine free to any physician in California, and such vaccination is a very easy and simple matter. All physicians who have been ing anti-typhoid vaccination have been asked to write to Dr. W. A. Sawyer, director of the state hygienic laboratory, at Berkeley, telling of their experience, so that data may be gathered concerning this new warfare on that old time enemy of man—typhoid fever. WALTER JOHNSON IN OLD FORM A dispatch from Cleveland on Monday says: Walter Johnson was in fine form today and the Senators defeated the Indians 4 to 1. Johnson held the Indians to two hits until the ninth, when two singles ANIMAL LIFE LEAVES ITS MARK IN THE ROCKS OF AGES Scientists hesitate to estimate geologic time in terms of years. Such estimates have, however, been made, and one published by Prof. Charles Schuchert in 1910 states that about 12,000,000 years have elapsed since the close of the Carboniferous age, an age, as the name suggests, in which great deposits of carbon, in coal, were being formed in many parts of the world. This age has been divided into the Mississippiian, Pennsylvanian and Permian epochs, of which the Mississippian is the oldest and the Permian the youngest. The Pennsylvania epoch alone is estimated by Schuchert to have covered 2,160,000 years, and animal life is supposed to have existed on the earth for over 14,000,000 years before that time. Geologic periods are recognized primarily by the plants and animals that lived in them, so that the study of fossils plays a very real and important part in the progress of geologic knowledge. Rocks of Carboniferous age, as shown by their fossils, have a wide distribution in the United States, and they are apt to abound in these remains of plant and animal life. The fossil shells which are found in them, however, may vary greatly from point to point, because the animals they represent lived in different periods of geologic time or in different regions in the Carboniferous ocean. VARIOUS MEASURES OF STONE Owing to the variety of uses to which stone is put, there is no regular unit of measurement employed by the quarrymen, the stone being sold by the cubic yard, cubic foot, ton, cord, perch, rod, square foot, square yard, square etc. Building and monumental stone, especially the dressed product, is usually sold by the cubic foot or the cubic yard, although this unit varies with the class of stone and with the locality; a large quantity during the day which was greatly enjoyed by all. Boxing contests among amateurs were staged and some lively settos enlivened the occasion. The joyous gathered continued until late in the afternoon when all returned to their homes, voicing the unanimous verdict that Mr. Nicolas and his able corps of assistants were the best of entertainers. DECLARE WAR OF SECTICIDE There is bad news California. The U.S. has just issued Insecticide Formula C. W. Woodworth pared and use the stance has proved making the peats. He tells, for instance hydrocyanic ligating houses or much neutral lear a stone fruits or foliars green for coction poison bran and white arsenic; for coppers; how to white arsenic; how deciduous trees; in on, with home mad how to spray peach pand in the spring line—but not to muck on apple trees, and woodwork, moths flees in carpets, and bedbugs and mosquitoes to prevent mosquit spreading oil on drainage is best; let it paint trunks with trolle the peach tree sulphur against recurrent plant lice, tobacco thrum for filles, whiten opears, carbon bweevils, ants and small teaspoonful formaldehyde in that is one part water—to tempt flicce. If any of these and fireside plague city will mail this free upon request Agriculture at Berkshire Liberty Bell Die WALTER JOHNSON IN OLD FORM A dispatch from Cleveland on Monday says: Walter Johnson was in fine form today and the Senators defeated the Indians 4 to 1. Johnson held the Indians to two hits until the ninth, when two singles and a double gave the home team their lone run. Johnson hit for four bases over the left field fence, it being the first time the trick has ever been turned. He also slammed out a triple, but was out at the home plate on a close decision when he tried for another homer. "Walt got his star right here in Anaheim, and like many another young man starting out from this town, has made good. DECREE/QUIETING TITLE The suit to quiet the title between Thomas G. Drips vs. A. Moore, et al, has been settled by a decree quieting the title in the real estate under dispute, the plaintiff being allowed his costs from defendant. BUENA PARK LIGHTING ELECTION FRAUD CHARGED A hot contest seems to have been waged in Buena Park Saturday, when an election was held for formation of the Buena Park Lighting district. The vote as communicated to County Clerk Williams Monday afternoon was 47 for the district, 44 against the district. The unanimity of sentiment in favor of the lighting district did not materialize as expected, and so hot became the contest, that both sides charge fraud on the part of the other, threatening the peace and quiet of the community for some time to come unless a settlement is arrived at. Owing to the variety of uses to which stone is put, there is no regular unit of measurement employed by the quarrymen, the stone being sold by the cubic yard, cubic foot, ton, cord, perch, rod, square foot, square yard, square, etc. Building and monumental stone, especially the dressed product, is usually sold by the cubic foot or the cubic yard, although this unit varies with the class of stone and with the locality; a large quantity of rought stone is sold by the perch, cord or ton. Rubble and riprap, including stone for such heavy masonry as breakwater and jetty work, are generally sold by the cord or ton. Fluxing stone and stone for chemical use—as for alkali works, sugar factories, parbonic acid plants, and paper mills—are sold by the long ton. Flagstone and curbstone are sold by the square yard or the square foot, the thickness being variable and dependent on the orders received. Granite paving blocks are sold invariably by number, but the blocks are not of uniform size—the value depending on the size of the blocks and the labor necessary to cut into the shape desired. Other paying material is sold by various units, such as ton or cubic yard. Crushed stone is usually sold by the cubic yard or ton, the short ton being more generally used. The weight of a cubic yard of crushed stone varies from 2,300 to 3,000 pounds—the average weight being about 2,500 pounds. In certain localities crushed stone is sold by the square of 100 square feet by 1 foot, or 100 cubic feet. Crushed stone is also sold by the bushel, 21½ bushels representing a cubic yard of about 2,700 pounds. One of the big features of the summer school at the San Diego exposition will be the Montessori school for children which will be established in a wild flower field in the rear of the California building. This school will be taught by Dr. Maria Montessori and her assistants. LIBERTY BELL DIECY Definite announcements toric Liberty Bell will be made post Exposition Presidee has just received from Blankenburg of Pueblo that the Liberty Bellifornis' over the return via the south be exhibited at both positions. The great relic independence will July 5. It will be a country by a heart first be seen at the position. After its will be sent south Southern California San Diego expositi to arrive there abo ELLEN BEACON The official woman San Diego Expositi plans for a Ellen fair, that the S a great crowd to great singer. As been set but it will month. On this disest musical program be given and the singer will be heard great outdoor organ. Ernest Lindner, Mergenthaler Lincoln San Francisco was day in the intesest Last Wishes Defeated A few years ago a very wealthy woman died in this county without leaving a will. As a result the heirs of the estate have ever since been engaged in expensive litigation. No doubt this woman had decided definitely how she wished her estate divided at her death, but because she put off making her will, these desires were defeated. Why run the risk of having YOUR cherished plans come to nothing. Making a will is a simple matter with proper advice. We shall be glad to send you our booklet on Wills, which will give you interesting and valuable information on that subject. A card giving your name and address will secure this booklet by return mail. TRUST DEPARTMENT German American Trust and Savings Bank SPRING & SEVENTH STS. LOS ANGELES DECLARE WAR ON BUGS IN INSECTICIDE CIRCULAR DREW, KELLY AND MURRAYS ARE TO APPEAR AT ORANGE INTERESTING BULLETIN BY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Irrigation and Soil Conditions in the Sierra Nevada Foothills, Calif. The purpose of this report is to show the present status and the possibilities of irrigation in the foothills along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, California, to describe, in general, the soils of this region, and to discuss the adaptation of these soils to various crops. The intent is thus to furnish information on the agricultural resources of the various sections covered. Irrigation development in this part of California has been comparatively slow, and yet many of the same agricultural and horticultural opportunities are offered there that are offered in the valleys below. The relatively slow development in these foothills has been principally to the lack of transportation facilities and to the more general interest there in mining than in farming. As long as gold could be washed from the soil, little attention was paid to the money that could be made by the slower processes of agriculture, writes Ralph D. Robertson and J. W. Nelson of the Agricultural Experiment station. The Sierra foothills possess extremely favorable conditions for growing certain crops and the time may soon come when this belt of elevated land will become one of the most important agricultural district in California. Every agricultural product that can be grown in the great central plain can also be produced here. The chief production is likely, however, to be confined to deciduous and citrus orchards and to vineyards. The climate of these foothills is DECLARE WAR ON BUGS IN INSECTICIDE CIRCULAR There is bad news for the bugs of California. The University of California has just issued a circular on Insecticide Formulas, in which Prof. C. W. Woodworth tells how to prepare hydrocyanic acid gas for fumigating houses or citrus trees; how much neutral lear arsenate to use with stone fruits or foliage; how to mix Paris green for codling moths; how to poison bran and molasses with white arsenic, for cutworms and grasshoppers; how to destroy ant with white arsenic; how to spray scale on deciduous trees, in the dormant season, with home made lime sulphur, or how to spray peach buds as they expand in the spring; how to use gasoline—but not to much—for wooly aphids on apple trees, and for borers in woodwork, moths in garments, and flees in carpets, and kerosen for ticks bedbugs and mosquito wrigglers; how to prevent mosquito breeding by spreading oil on infested water—but drainage is best, if practicable; how to paint trunks with asphaltum to control the peach tree borer; how to use sulphur against red spiders, soap for plant lice, tobacco for aphids, pyrethrum for flies, whitewash for thrins on pears, carbon bisulphide for grain weevils, ants and squirrels, and one small teaspoonful of forty per cent formaldehyde in a saucer of water—that is, one part to twenty parts of water—to tempt flies to commit suicide. If any of these enemies of farm and fireside plague you, the University will mail this insect war manual free upon request to the College of Agriculture at Berkeley. LIBERTY BELL COMING TO SAN DIEGO Definite announcement that the historic Bell will be exhibited at DREW, KELLY AND MURRAYS ARE TO APPEAR AT ORANGE Howard Drew and Fred Kelly, the two University of Southern California athlets who hold world’s records and who will appear in a local track meet May 29, had a hard time getting into the competitions at the San Francisco exposition recently. Kelly had to climb over the fence and outrun the guards to get to the track because they would not let him in at the gate. After sprinting a way after Orange athlete, the guards were evidently convinced that he was one of the regular performers, for Kelly stayed inside the grounds and won the high hurdles. Drew was too late in arriving at the grounds to compete. Although he is the fastest 100 and 200-yard man in the world and is known all over the country as a wonderful athlete and a gentleman as well, jitney-bus drivers refused to carry him to the grounds because he is a colored boy. It was probably to the best interests of the refined drivers of San Francisco’s jitneys that Kelly was not with Drew when the little colored boy was insulted. Kelly and Drew will appear here on May 29 in a big athletic carnival in which the Murray boys of Whittier will also perform. Three of the best athletes in the south are El Modena boys, and home folks are going to have an opportunity to see them in action—Orange News. RUNAWAY WIFE IS PLACED UNDER BAIL ALSO PARAMOUR Officers from the sheriff’s office were Called to Buendia Park and arrested Felix Salas and Apolinario Arras, who have been living together as man and wife ever since the woman left her husband, Jose Senderas, about six months ago. Under sheriff Iman, who was given the warrants, had not much trouble in locating the couple, and bringing them back to jail. They were arraigned and put under bail of $1000 The Sierra footbills possess extremely favorable conditions for growing certain crops and the time may soon come when this belt of elevated land will become one of the most important agricultural district in California. Every agricultural product that can be grown in the great central plain can also be produced here. The chief production is likely, however, to be confined to deciduous and citrus orchards and to vineyards. The climate of these footbills is somewhat similar to that of the central valley, but the greater freedom from frost possessed by the so-called foothill thermal belt is a distinct horizontal advantage. Water for irrigation is available for much of the land from numerous streams and reservoirs. The soils are generally fertile and particularly adapted to the growing of fruit and certain sections have made rapid progress. Tulare county, the citrus orchards of which are largely in the foothill belt, now ranks first among the counties of the state in acreage planted to oranges. Placer county, further north, is taking a leading place among the deciduous fruit districts, its shipment of fresh or green fruit recently amounting to about 35 per cent of the total output of the state. The success that has been obtained in these two sections can be, and in more or less measure is being accomplished in other localities of the region. Irrigation in the Sierra footbills is not accomplished without some difficulty. Topographical features require methods of irrigation essentially different from those used in the valleys. Consequently information about the methods that have been worked out there, and that are described in this report, should be of value to other localities similarly situated. The Sierra footbills comprise a belt of land on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada extending from Tehachapi, at the southern end of San Joaquin Valley, to Redding, at the head of Sacramento valley, a distance of approximately 400 miles. The average breadth of the belt is about 20 miles, and within this territory are included approximately 5,000,000 acres or 5 per cent of the total land surface of the state. The arable portion of the footbills comprises from about 1-3 to 3-5 of the total area, depending on the portion of the 1,400,000 acres sometimes classed as plains that are included with the higher areas lying LIBERTY BELL COMING TO SAN DIEGO Definite announcement that the historic Liberty Bell will be exhibited at the San Diego fair can now be made. This was made possible by word which Exposition President G. A. Davidson has just received from Mayor Rudolph Blankenburg of Philadelphia stating that the Liberty Bell will come to California over the northern route and return via the southern route and will be exhibited at both the California expositions. The great relic that sounded forth independence will leave Philadelphia July 5. It will be escorted across the country by a heavy guard and will first be seen at the San Francisco exposition. After its exhibition there is will be sent south that the people of Southern California may see it at the San Diego exposition. It is expected to arrive there about August 1. ELLEN BEACH YAW DAY The official women's board of the San Diego Exposition is taking up plans for a Ellen Beach Yaw day at the fair, that the Southland may send a great crowd to honor California's great singer. As yet no date has been set but it will be within the next month. On this day one of the largest musical programs of the year will be given and the famed California singer will be heard in concert at the great outdoor organ. Ernest Lindner, representing the Mergenthaler Linotype company of San Francisco was in town on Tuesday in the intensests of that company. DER BAIL ALSO PARAMOUR Officers from the sheriff's office were Called to Buenik Park and arrested Felix Salas and Apolinario Arras, who have been living together as man and wife ever since the woman left her husband, Jose Senderas, about six months ago. Under sheriff Iman, who was given the warrants, had not much trouble in locating the couple, and bringing them back to jail. They were arraigned and put under bail of $1000 each, and will be tried later. It is not supposed that a felony charge will be put against the couple, although the husband said he would not live with here again. He wants them punished however. FORENSIC CONTEST AT AUDITORIUM Continued from Page 1 Myrtle Winters Sextette from Lucia, String Suartette O. U. H. S. Orations It is the Rock That Makes the Pilot Ellen Dodson Conservation of Our Forests Clark Chamberlain The Labor Problem, Vter Robinson, S. A. H. S. Darkest California,...Beatrice Durkee The Call of Patriotism, Lee L. M. Durham Decision of the Judges. Award of Medals. The judges were Hugh Law of Riverside, Miss Ruby Carver of Montebello, and Dr. Charles Waddle of the Los Angles State Normal. P. L. Topple of Santa Ana was time keeper. The donors of the medals given to the winners were as follows: Declamation ... J. W. Newell Story ... S. H. Finley Essay ... C. C. Chapman Oration ... Anaheim National Bank School Team, Wm. and Flora Starbuck The general topography consists of deeply dissected canyons, rugged, rocky ridges, slopes, rounded hills of gentle to moderate countour, and small narrow winding valleys. In many sections of the foothill region the land is covered with a coarse growth of chaparral, scrub oak, and digger or gray leaf pine. Large areas, again, are barren of trees, and in these, owing to the shallowness of the soil and to the stony character of the surface, the land is useful only for grazing. In the northern and central portions there are visible signs of former volcanic activity. Lava beds cover nearly the entire country north of the Feather River, and a heavy flow of lava can also be traced as far south as Tuolumne county. The principal irrigation development of the foothill belt is found in three sections, namely in the Tulare and Fresno counties citrus belt, in the Placer county deciduous fruit belt, and in the vicinity of Oroville, in Butte county. Because development has gone farthest in these three sections, irrigation conditions in them are described more in detail than are those of the other districts of the foothills. While in this report an altitude of 2500 to 3000 feet is taken as the upper BULLETIN BY OF AGRICULTURE Conditions in the Foothills, Calif. This report is to status and the position in the foothills slope of the Sierra, to describe, in of this region, and situation of these soils. The intent is thus on the agricul-ture various sections. In this part been comparatively of the same agricultural opportuni-ience that are offered now. The relatively in these foothills principally to the lack facilities and to the best there in mining As long as gold from the soil, little to the money that the slower processes sites Ralph D. Rob-Nelson of the Agri-nt station. Foothills possess ex-conditions for grow- and the time may this belt of elevated one of the most im-ral district in Calfor-cultural product that the great central produced here. The is likely, however, to deciduous and citrus vineyards. These foothills is limit of the foothills, the apple flourishes in the higher altitudes and harder deciduous fruits may be grown up to a height of at least 4000 feet. Stock raising is generally practiced in these higher altitudes, and the mountains afford summer grazing for thousands of cattle and sheep from the valleys. The Sierra foothills have been mainly known for their early mining activities. The fact has an important bearing on irrigation there because the ditches now used for irrigation were originally confronted with the problem of securing an adequate water supply for carrying on their mining operations, because for hydraulic mining, water was needed in large and unfailing quantities. In this rough and broken country many engineering difficulties were encountered in the construction of ditches and because of this, and the high cost of labor, the ditches now in use for irrigation represent a very large original investment. After the exhaustion of the richer gold deposits and the passage of laws prohibiting hydraulic mining, many of the residents turned their attention to agriculture, taking water from the old mining ditches and irrigating small vegetable gardens and orchards. These people demonstrated the success of fruit growing in these foothills, but the isolation of the region and the long haul to the railroad points in early days confined the growing of crops to a home industry. While mining is still an important industry in the Sierra foothills, the agriculture that irrigation makes possible is recognized as the industry that will endure and give the region its permanent character. The soils of the Sierra foothills have in most cases been formed from granitic and metamorphic rocks. In gravel are present, the soils tend to pack when dry and are rather difficult to till at such times. The soil is generally uniform in character down to the underlying bed rock and no true subsoll hor hardpan is present except along the margin of the valley floor. In the granitic areas where the rainfall is moderate to low, disintegration and water movement are causing the formation of subsoils of heavy texture at various depths which will in the course of time cement into hardpan. This feature becomes more pronounced as the base of the foothills is approached. A pronounced indurated harppan occurs from a few inches to several feet below the surface of the red hog-wallow foothill lands along the margin of the great valley floor. Elsewhere no obstructions occur in the soil which interfere with tillage or root development. The topography and drainage of the foothills are not favorable in most places for the development of a high water table or for the accumulation of alkali. In highly developed areas where irrigation is practiced and especially where water is sold at a flat rate, some injury from seepage is occurring in the small valleys and on lower slopes. No pronounced areas of alkali have formed in such places as yet, but conditions are very favorable for its accumulation unless preventive measures are soon taken. Occasional areas along the valley margin which are now poorly drained, or which have received seepage waters from higher elevations in past times, are affected with injurious amounts of alkali. Practically all of the affected areas, however, have ample slope for successful reclamation. The humus content of the soils of the foothills is relatively low, but these foothills is to that of the continent greater freedom used by the so-called belt is a distinct horge. Water for irrition for much of the rus streams and resources are generally fairly adapted to the land certain sections progress. Tulare orchards of which are foothill belt, now the counties of the planted to oranges. Further north, is takace among the defects, its shipment of recently amountter cent of the total area. The success that in these two secdies in more or less accomplished in other region. The Sierra foothills is without some differential features reirrigation essenfrom those used in the frequently information lands that have been used, and that are deport, should be of qualities similarly sittle. Foothills of California on the western a Nevada extending at the southern end valley, to Redding, at amento valley, a distinctly 400 miles. The of the belt is about main this territory are quately 5,000,000 acres total land surrounded by 1,400,000 acres as plains that are higher areas lying foothills, but the isolation of the regilon and the long haul to the railroad points in early days confined the growing of crops to a home industry. While mining is still an important industry in the Sierra foothills, the agriculture that irrigation makes possible is recognized as the industry that will endure and give the region its permanent character. The soils of the Sierra foothills have in most cases been formed from granitic and metamorphic rocks. In the lower foothills and in local small valleys, minor deposits of sedimentary and alluvial material have accumulated but they are of minor importance in this belt. In the northern half of the belt the rocks are mainly basic in while in the south half of the Sierra, character and in their weathering have formed gently rounded hills and slopes the higher slopes are largely of granite rocks and have weathered into a steep, rugged topography permitting of agriculture only in the lower foothills. The soils vary greatly in color, depth, texture, and composition on account of the complexity of geological formations and climatic influences entering into their formation. The disintegration and weathering of rocks have proceeded under climatic conditions ranging from arid to humid. This has had a marked effect upon the soils at different elevations. The soil forming process in the lower foothills have gone on with a low to moderate rainfall, while those in the higher elevations have taken place with an annual precipitation of 40 to 50 inches. The heavy rainfall of the higher elevations has clothed the mountains with a dense covering of pine, underbrush, and grass, while the drier conditions at lower altitudes have usually permitted of only a sparse growth of pine, oak and grass and a rather heavy covering of brush. In places of heavy rainfall, moisture has passed downward in crevices, joints, and parting planes, and has frequently caused a deep weathering of the underlying rocks. The heavy growth of vegetation in such places has checked erosion considerably and has stimulated the formation and accumulation of humus in the soil, thus making possible the retention of more moisture for the dry summer months. The lower humus content and sparser vegetative covering of the lower foothills have not checked erosion so much and in many places the soil has been moved to lower levels almost as rapidly as it has accumulated. yet, but conditions are very favorable for its accumulation unless preventive measures are soon taken. Occasional areas along the valley margin which are now poorly drained, or which have received seepage waters from higher elevations in past times, are affected with injurious amounts of alkali. Practically all of the affected areas, however, have ample slope for successful reclamation. The humus content of the soils of the foothills is relatively low, but usually increases with elevation, due to the higher rainfall and increased growth of vegetation. The marked variation in elevation, rainfall, temperatures, and soils makes a wide range of profitable crops possible in this belt. The lower altitudes are generally too hot for commercial apple production, but elevations above 1800 feet give fruit of remarkably fine flavor, color, and keeping qualities. The sandy loams, loams, and clay loams for apples and pears appear to give the best results in this belt. Pears are frequently planted and do well on the lower slopes and in small valleys too wet for other fruits. The sandy loams and light loams of granitic origin produce pears, plums, cherries, apricots, figs and grapes of high quality, color and earliness. Heavy textured soils are usually the most durable. They do not warm up rapidly in spring, but usually give the largest yields and longest lived trees. Citrust fruits, especially oranges, are grown successfully throughout the entire length of the belt. They thrive on a wide range of soils, but the best results are obtained where the trees are planted on loams and clay loam adobes below the 1200 foot contour. Little commercial fertilizer is used in most places and fruit trees have been maintained profitable or 20 years or more with only the addition of green manure crops and with good tiltage and care. The long growing season and high summer temperature permit of a wide range of cover crops which, if fully utilized, will enable farmers to secure increased yields without much additional cost. The influence of the high summer heat has a marked effect upon different exposures over the entire foothill belt. The soils on the northern and eastern slopes in nearly all place contain more humus, support a denser vegetation, retain moisture longer, and are generally considered more suitable for fruit culture than those with a western or southern exposure. The arable portion comprises from about total area, depending on the total land surface. The arable portion is rise abruptly, first in ranges and spurs, then isolated hills and followed by ranges easing height. In the Sacramento valley, more gradual. The may consists of deeply bons, rugged, rocky rounded hills of gentle toour, and small nardleys. In many secall region the land isarse growth of chap and digger or gray areas, again, are found in these, owing to of the soil and to cover of the surface, the only for grazing. In central portions signs of former volcanic beds cover near country north of the and a heavy flow of traced as far south county. Irrigation development belt is found in three in the Tulare and citrus belt, in the iduous fruit belt, and of Oroville, in Butte development has these three sections, bons in them are detetail than are those parts of the foothills, report an altitude of taken as the upper to the underlying rocks. The heavy growth of vegetation in such places has checked erosion considerably and has stimulated the formation and accumulation of humus in the soil, thus making possible the retention of more moisture for the dry summer months. The lower humus content and sparser vegetative covering of the lower foothills have not checked erosion so much and in many places the soil has been moved to lower levels almost as rapidly as it has accumulated. The soils over the entire belt are relatively high in iron and are prevailing red in color, although areas of gray, brown and black occur. A few minor areas of sandy loam occur on the higher residual slopes and marginal areas along the valley floor. Elsewhere, the prevailing textures are loams and clay loams. Small isolated areas of dark brawn adobe occur on the slopes in the lower foothills. About half of the area covered by this report is too steep and rocky for the growing of crops. On the more gentle slopes and where the rocks are weakly cemeted the soil covering is deeper and ranges from 1 foot to 6 feet or more in depth. In many instances the soil rests on upturned rocks which are creviced and seamed to considerable depths. These crevices have been filled by the filtering down of disintegrating soil material, and in many places tree roots develop downward in such cracks 20 or more feet. Frequently, where shallow soils rest upon unturned rocks or on partially weathered granite, blasting is followed with much success in extending the area for root development. Where the rock occupies a nearly horizontal position and is hard, this practice is not advisable because of inadequate drainage in the bowls where the trees are set. The soils generally have a friable, mealy texture when damp and are tilled without difficulty. In areas of granite origin and especially where moderate amounts of coarse sand and if fully utilized, will enable farmers to secure increased yields without much additional cost. The influence of the high summer heat has a marked effect upon different exposures over the entire foothill belt. The soils on the northern and eastern slopes in nearly all place contain more humus, support a denser vegetation, retain moisture longer, and are generally considered more suitable for fruit culture than those with a western or southern exposure. The abundance and thrift of native vegetation over the entire belt is a fair indication of the depth, fertility, and moisture retaining properties of the soil. RIVERS AND HARBORS COMMITTEE WILL VISIT ORANGE CO. Senator John N. Anderson has been appointed a committee of one by the Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce to obtain information as to the date of the visit of the Rivers and Harbors Committee of Congress. It is understood that there will be about twenty congressmen in the party and that they have signified their intention of visiting Newport Bay, with a view to making a report on it in the matter of improvement. The Chamber of Commerce will entertain the congressional committee on its visit here and arrangements will be made to show its members not only Newport Bay but the whole of Orange county in order that the congressmen may see the urgent need for the improvement of the harbor. The troup of Spanish troubadours at the San Diego exposition has been doubled in numbers so that now about twenty singers, dancers and musicians are on the daily programs. These make merry in the flower gardens and balconies of the buildings and add much to the charm of the exposition.