anaheim-gazette 1915-03-11

FLOOD CONTROL Instead of devoting their work solely to the construction of dykes and conduits to divert and guide the storm waters rapidly down onto the fertile lands and towns of lower elevation in the Los Angeles County Board of Flood Control is constructing a series of barrier dams in the mountain canyons and inaugurating a plan of practical forestry that has shown impressive results. When storm waters come out of a canyon the first aid remedies all suggest the building of cement conduits in order to pass them along. As the flood passes it guaws at the banks, breaks out of old channels, tears now runways through fertile fields, destroys homes and its ultimate destination is the bottom of the harbor. All the science of flood control, so far as that word means "holding the streams within their banks," has as it ultimate triumph the utter destruction of ocean commerce. To take a large and torrential stream and without the use of masonry divert it from its course and force the stream to hurl itself against an immovable side wall of rock and completely deaden its flow, is what we may properly call the jiu jitsu of hydraulics, says the Los Angeles Times' illustrated Weekly. When you have the stream thus self-tamed so that it drops its load of suspended sand and debris in the form of an embankment, it will fall beautifully over the self-made cascade and peacefully start again on its journey down the canyon. At the points where the grade of the canyon again gives velocity and torrential character to the stream, the process of course must be repeated, and then, verily, the torrent which roared in the head of the canyon as a lion is tamed and goes out like a lamb. The diversion of a torrential stream in this manner, or the construcing of straight cross-canyon barrier, is one of the arts of the Alaskan gold miners in protecting their sluice boxes, and under the skilled direction of a man grizzled in this art, the board his delegated in the hills of Crescenta where before nothing but chaparral was growing. Where the rains formerly fell onto a brush covered area of 20 square miles, it now falls on bungalow roofs, slides off rapidly into cemented street gutters, and like a bolt of lightning makes a getaway to the lower lands. Shall we stop the velocity of our streams with barrier dams and practical forestry, or shall we build more greased runways to send it faster and double it all up with the local supply on the folks below, to finally rain the shipping in our harbor? Last winters' floods filled up the stream beds of Southern California to a point where he who runs and thinks a little bit now realizes the verity of the doctrines of the forestry apostle Lukens, and shouts: Hurrah for our newly-christened board of flood extinguishers. In this new experiment in flood management the leaders do not minimize the fundamental and generally understood relationship of practical forestry to the question. In this work in Halnes and Tejunga canyons, the engineers have urger forestry work because that water shed suffered recently from a disastrous blaze on Mt. Elsie, and have arranged, through the voluntary labor of the valley residents to plant several of the bare slopes of the canyons with seeds of the wild cherry and sumac which were gathered last September by the school children of the region for that purpose. No adequately forested area is ever torrential. The leaves of the trees or chaparral catch, from 10 to 40 per cent of the rainfall, and let it trickle slowly down the trunk to the soil. In turn, the soil is spongy and retentive of water because of the heavy content of humus, and if properly forested we would have no floods whatever in all of Southern California. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity of the fact is living today in the pine forest now growing half-way up the Mt. Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats, which was planted by T. P. Lukens of Pasadena about eight years ago. To bring the forests into actual being will occupy years of actual growing in the hills of Crescenta where before nothing but chaparral was growing. Where the rains formerly fell onto a brush covered area of 20 square miles, it now falls on bungalow roofs, slides off rapidly into cemented street gutters, and like a bolt of lightnig makes a getaway to the lower lands. Shall we stop the velocity of our streams with barrier dams and practical forestry, or shall we build more greased runways to send it faster and double it all up with the local supply on the folks below, to finally rain the shipping in our harbor? Last winters' floods filled up the stream beds of Southern California to a point where he who runs and thinks a little bit now realizes the verity of the doctrines of the forestry apostle Lukens, and shouts: Hurrah for our newly-christened board of flood extinguishers. In this new experiment in flood management the leaders do not minimize the fundamental and generally understood relationship of practical forestry to the question. In this work in Halnes and Tejunga canyons, the engineers have urger forestry work because that water shed suffered recently from a disastrous blaze on Mt. Elsie, and have arranged, through the voluntary labor of the valley residents to plant several of the bare slopes of the canyons with seeds of the wild cherry and sumac which were gathered last September by the school children of the region for that purpose. No adequately forested area is ever torrential. The leaves of the trees or chaparral catch, from 10 to 40 per cent of the rainfall, and let it trickle slowly down the trunk to the soil. In turn, the soil is spongy and retentive of water because of the heavy content of humus, and if properly forested we would have no floods whatever in all of Southern California. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity of the fact is living today in the pine forest now growing halfway up the Mt. Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats, which was planted by T. P. Lukens of Pasadena about eight years ago. To bring the forests into actual being will occupy years of actual growing in the hills of Crescenta where before nothing but chaparral was growing. Where the rains formerly fell onto a brush covered area of 20 square miles, it now falls on bungalow roofs, slides off rapidly into cemented street gutters, and like a bolt of lightnig makes a getaway to the lower lands. Shall we stop the velocity of our streams with barrier dams and practical forestry, or shall we build more greased runways to send it faster and double it all up with the local supply on the folks below, to finally rain the shipping in our harbor? Last winters' floods filled up the stream beds of Southern California to a point where he who runs and thinks a little bit now realizes the verity of the doctrines of the forestry apostle Lukens, and shouts: Hurrah for our newly-christened board of flood extinguishers. In this new experiment in flood management the leaders do not minimize the fundamental and generally understood relationship of practical forestry to the question. In this work in Halnes and Tejunga canyons, the engineers have urger forestry work because that water shed suffered recently from a disastrous blaze on Mt. Elsie, and have arranged, through the voluntary labor of the valley residents to plant several of the bare slopes of the canyons with seeds of the wild cherry and sumac which were gathered last September by the school children of the region for that purpose. No adequately forested area is ever torrential. The leaves of the trees or chaparral catch, from 10 to 40 per cent of the rainfall, and let it trickle slowly down the trunk to the soil. In turn, the soil is spongy and retentive of water because of the heavy content of humus, and if properly forested we would have no floods whatever in all of Southern California. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity of the fact is living today in the pine forest now growing halfway up the Mt. Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats, which was planted by T. P. Lukens of Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupy yearsof actual growinginthehillsofCrescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.Wheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontumbaglowrooftoslidesoffrapidlyintocomementedstreewaggersandsenditfastanddoubleitallupwiththelocalsupplyonthefolksbelow,toreallyraintheshippinginourharbor? Lastwinters' floods filled upthestreambedsofSouthernCaliforniatoapointwherehewho runsandthinksa littlerbitnowrealizestheverityofthedoctrinesoftheforestryapostaleLukens,andshouts:Hurrahfornewly-christenedboardoffloodextinguishers. Inthisnewexperimentinfloodmanagementtheleadersdonotminimizethefundamentalandgenerallyunderstoodrelationshipofpracticalforestrytothequestion.Inthisworkinhalnesandtejunnga canyons,theengineershaveurgerforestryworkbecausethatwatershodsufferrecentlyfromadisastrousblazeonMt.Elsie,andhavearranged,thevoluntarylaborofthevalleyresidentstoplantseveralofthebareslopesofthecanyonswithseedsofthewildcherryandsumacwhichweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. Noadequatelyforestedareaisevertorrential.Theleavesofthetreesorchaparralcatch,从10to40percentoftherainfall,andletittrickleslowdydownthetrunktothesoil.Inturn,thesoilisspongyandretentiveofwaterbecauseoftheheavycontentofhumus,andifproperlyforesteredwewouldhavenofloodswhatweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. Noadequatelyforestedareaisevertorrential.Theleavesofthetreesorchaparralcatch,从10to40percentoftherainfall,andletittrickleslowdydownthetrunktothesoil.Inturn,thesoilisspongyandretentiveofwaterbecauseoftheheavycontentofhumus,andifproperlyforestoredwewouldhavenofloodswhatweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. Noadequatelyforestedareaisevertorrional.Theleavesofthetreesorchaparralcatch,从10to40percentoftherainfall,andletittrickleslowdydownthetrunktothesoil.Inturn,thesoilisspongyandretentiveofwaterbecauseoftheheavycontentofhumus,andifproperlyforestoredwewouldhavenofloodswhatweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. Noadequatelyforestedareaisevertorrional.Theleavesofthetreesorchaparralcatch,从10to40percentoftherainfall,andletittrickleslowdydownthetrunktothesoil.Inturn,thesoilisspongyandretentiveofwaterbecauseoftheheavycontentofhumus,andifproperlyforestoredwewouldhavenofloodswhatweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. Noadequatelyforestedareaisevertorrional.Theleavesofthetreesorchaparralcatch,从10to40percentoftherainfall,andletittrickleslowdydownthetrunktothesoil.Inturn,thesoilisspongyandretentiveofwaterbecauseoftheheavycontentofhumus,andifproperlyforestoredwewouldhavenofloodswhatweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. No adequatelyforestedareaisevertorrional.Theleavesofthetreesorchaparralcatch,从10to40percentoftherainfall,andletittrickleslowdydownthetrunktothesoil.Inturn,thesoilisspongyandretentiveofwaterbecauseoftheheavycontentofhumus,andifproperlyforestoredwewouldhavenofloodswhatweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. No adequatelyforestedareaisevertorrional.Theleavesofthetreesorchaparralcatch,从10to40percentoftherainfall,andletittrickleslowdydownthetrunktothesoil.Inturn,thesoilisspongyandretentiveofwaterbecauseoftheheavycontentOfhumus,andifproperlyforestoredwewouldhavenofloodswhatweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. No adequatelyforestedareaisevertorrional.Theleavesofthetreesorchaparralcatch,从10to40percentoftherainfall,andletittrickleslowdydownthetrunktothesoil.Inturn,thesoilisspongyandretentiveofwaterbecauseoftheheavycontentOfhumus,andifproperlyforestoredwewouldhavenofloodswhatweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. No adequatelyforestedareaisevertorrional.Theleavesofthetreesorchaparralcatch，从10to40percentoftherainfall,andletittrickleslowdydownthetrunktothesoil.Inturn,thesoilisspongyandretentiveofwaterbecauseoftheheavycontentOfhumus,andifproperlyforestoredwewouldhavenofloodswhatweregatheredlastSeptemberbytheschoolchildrenoftheregionforthatpurpose. No adequatelyforestedareaisevertorrional.Theleaves OfTheTrees Or Chaparral Catch From 10 To 40 Percent Of The Rainfall And Let It Trickle Slowly Down The Trunk To The Soil In Turn The Soil Is Spongy And Retentive Of Water Because Of The Heavy Content Of Humus And If Properly Forested We Would Have No Floods Whatever In All Of Southern California. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity of the fact is living today in the pine forest now growing halfway up the Mt. Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats, which was planted by T. P. Lukens of Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupy yearsof actual growingin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.Wheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaof20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOFhumusAndIfProperlyForestedWeWouldHaveNoFloodSWhateverInAllOfSouthernCalifornia. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity of the fact is living today in the pine forest now growing halfway up the Mt. Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats, which was planted by T. P. Lukens of Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupy yearsof actual growingin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.WheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredareaOf20squaremilesitnow FallsOnTheSkyIsSpongyAndRetentiveOfWaterBecauseOfTheHeavyContentOfHumusAndIfProperlyForestedWeWouldHaveNoFloodSWhateverInAllOfSouthernCalifornia. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity of the fact is living today in the pine forest now growing半way upTheMt.Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats which was planted by T.P.Lukens OF Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupy yearsOFactual growingin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.WheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredAreaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredAreaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredAreaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredAreaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredAreaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredAreaOf20squaremilesitnow FallsOnTheSkyIsSpongyAndRetentiveOfWaterBecauseOfTheHeavyContentOfHumusAndIfProperlyForestedWeWouldHaveNoFloodSWhateverInAllOfSouthernCalifornia. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity of THE fact is living today in THE pine forest now growing半way upTheMt.Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats which was planted by T.P.Lukens OF Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupayOFCurrent growthin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.WheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredAreaOf20squaremilesitnowfallsontobushcoveredAreaOf20squaremiles它now falls on bungaglowrooftoslidesoffrapidlydownTheTrunkToTheSoil In Turn The Soil Is SpongyAnd Retentive Of Water Because Of The Heavy Content Of Humus And If Properly Forested We Would Have No FloodSWhateverIn All Of SouthernCalifornia. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity OFTHE fact is living today in THE pine forest now growing半way upTheMt.Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats which was planted by T.P.Lukens OF Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupayOFCurrent growthin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.WheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredAreaOf20squaremiles它now falls on bungaglowrooftoslidesoffrapidlydownTheTrunkToTheSoil In Turn The Soil Is SpongyAnd Retentive Of Water Because Of The Heavy Content Of Humus And If Properly Forested We Would Have No FloodSWhateverIn All Of SouthernCalifornia. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity OFTHE fact is living today in THE pine forest now growing半way upTheMt.Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats which was planted by T.P.Lukens OF Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupayOFCurrent growthin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.WheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredAreaOf20squaremiles它now falls on bungaglowrooftoslidesoffrapidlydownTheTrunkToTheSoil In Turn The Soil Is SpongyAnd Retentive Of Water Because Of The Heavy Content Of Humus And If Properly Forested We Would Have No FloodSWhateverIn All Of SouthernCalifornia. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity OFTHE fact is living today in THE pine forest now growing半way upTheMt.Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats which was planted by T.P.Lukens OF Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupayOFCurrent growthin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.WheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredAreaOf20squaremiles它now falls on bungaglowrooftoslidesoffrapidlydownTheTrunkToTheSoil In Turn The Soil Is SpongyAnd Retentive Of Water Because Of The Heavy Content Of Humus And If Properly Forested We Would Have No FloodSWhateverIn All Of SouthernCalifornia. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity OFTHE fact is living today in THE pine forest now growing半way upTheMt.Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats which was planted by T.P.Lukens OF Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupayOFCurrent growthin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.WheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredAreaOf20squaremiles它now falls on bungaglowrooftoslidesoffrapidlydownTheTrunkToTheSoil In Turn The Soil Is SpongyAnd Retentive Of Water Because Of The Heavy Content Of Humus And If Properly Forested We Would Have No FloodSWhateverIn All Of SouthernCalifornia. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity OFTHE fact is living today in THE pine forest now growing半way upTheMt.Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats which was planted by T.P.Lukens OF Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupayOFCurrent growthin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.WheretherainsformerlyfellontoabushcoveredAreaOf20squaremiles它now falls on bungaglowrooftoslidesoffrapidlydownTheTrunkToTheSoil In Turn The Soil Is SpongyAnd Retentive Of Water Because Of The Heavy Content Of Humus And If Properly Forested We Would Have No FloodSWhateverIn All Of SouthernCalifornia. We shall have our mountains properly forested in due time with great pine forests. The verity OFTHE fact is living today in THE pine forest now growing半way upTheMt.Wilson toll road at Heniger Flats which was planted by T.P.Lukens OF Pasadena about eight years ago. To bringthe forests into actual being will occupayOFCurrent growthin-thehills-of-Crescentawherebefore nothingbutchaparralwasgrowing.WheretherainsformerlyfellontoabUSHCOVEREDAREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREASEDREASINCREaseDEADREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDREDRED At the points where the grade of the canyon again gives velocity and torrential character to the stream, the process of course must be repeated, and then, verily, the torrent which roared in the head of the canyon as a lion is tamed and goes out like a lamb. The diversion of a torrential stream in this manner, or the constructing of straight cross-canyon barrier, is one of the arts of the Alaskan gold miners in protecting their silice boxes, and under the skilled direction of a man grizzled in this art, the board has delegated the supervision of construction on these first experiments. A wing dam intended to swerve the course of the stream over against a rocky side wall is accomplished by blasting out a foothold for logs in the fact of the rock wall. Then on an angle of about 45 deg. to the bed of the stream (varying entirely with the local conditions) a log, brush and boulder dam is constructed upstream for a distance sufficient to begin swerving the waters over so that they head in and soon smash into the face of the canyon wall. The piling of sand and debris against and on top of the beaver dam soon makes a constantly-increasing barrier to flood action, and a reasonably permanent cascade over which the waters drop and start slowly away. A flood is different from a beautiful stream only in the matter of velocity. Arrest the speed and the flood is extinct. In Haines canyon watershed (which is a torrential feeder of the Big Tejunga torrent that goes out into the valley below), a parallel side canyon was selected for experiments. A series of six retarding dams were constructed at right angles across the bed of the draw. During the recent storms, observations were made at the mouth of the canyon so managed, which showed that the waters thereof had been entirely absorbed and did not reach the main surface stream. Similar side canyons without the series of barriers were pouring large streams into the torrential flow of the main canyon. The main energies of the flood engineers of Europe have, during the past generation, been devoted to the extinguishment of floods rather than the cementing of stream beds to hurry them along—to the other follow. The precise results from the earlier construction of beaver dams abroad, has resulted in the building of permanent and everlasting masonry dams as a paramount part of their forestry policy. This commonplace and long understood idea of retarding the rapid flow of an irrigation furrow by the laying of stones for obstructions has at last taken a firm hold upon the people of Southern California. Dykes and conduits hold the danger of breaking at weak spots and multiplying the total of damage. They also fill up with debris so that in many parts of the world, including many places in California, the stream down the canyon. At the points where the grade of the canyon again gives velocity and torrential character to the stream, the process of course must be repeated, and then, verily, the torrent which roared in the head of the canyon as a lion is tamed and goes out like a lamb. The diversion of a torrential stream in this manner, or the constructing of straight cross-canyon barrier, is one of the arts of the Alaskan gold miners in protecting their silice boxes, and under the skilled direction of a man grizzled in this art, the board has delegated the supervision of construction on these first experiments. A wing dam intended to swerve the course of the stream over against a rocky side wall is accomplished by blasting out a foothold for logs in the fact of the rock wall. Then on an angle of about 45 deg. to the bed of the stream (varying entirely with the local conditions) a log, brush and boulder dam is constructed upstream for a distance sufficient to begin swerving the waters over so that they head in and soon smash into the face of the canyon wall. The pilling of sand and debris against and on top of the beaver dam soon makes a constantly-increasing barrier to flood action, and a reasonably permanent cascade over which the waters drop and start slowly away. A flood is different from a beautiful stream only in the matter of velocity. Arrest the speed and the flood is extinct. In Haines canyon watershed (which is a torrential feeder of the Big Tejunga torrent that goes out into the valley below), a parallel side canyon was selected for experiments. A series of six retarding dams were constructed at right angles across the bed of the draw. During the recent storms, observations were made at the mouth of the canyon so managed, which showed that the waters thereof had been entirely absorbed and did not reach the main surface stream. Similar side canyons without the series of barriers were pouring large streams into the torrential flow of the main canyon. The main energies of the flood engineers of Europe have, during the past generation, been devoted to the extinguishment of floods rather than the cementing of stream beds to hurry them along—to the other follow. The precise results from the earlier construction of beaver dams abroad, has resulted in the building of permanent and everlasting masonry dams as a paramount part of their forestry policy. This commonplace and long understood idea of retarding the rapid flow of an irrigation furrow by the laying of stones for obstructions has at last taken a firm hold upon the people of Southern California. Dykes and conduits hold the danger of breaking at weak spots and multiplying the total of damage. They also fill up with debris so that in many parts of the world, including many places in California, the stream down the canyon. At the points where the grade of the canyon again gives velocity and torrential character to the stream, the process of course must be repeated, and then, verily, the torrent which roared in the head of the canyon as a lion is tamed and goes out like a lamb. The diversion of a torrential stream in this manner, or the constructing of straight cross-canyon barrier, is one of the arts of the Alaskan gold miners in protecting their silice boxes, and under the skilled direction of a man grizzled in this art, the board has delegated the supervision of construction on these first experiments. A wing dam intended to swerve the course of the stream over against a rocky side wall is accomplished by blasting out a foothold for logs in the fact of the rock wall. Then on an angle of about 45 deg. to the bed of the stream (varying entirely with the local conditions) a log, brush and boulder dam is constructed upstream for a distance sufficient to begin swerving the waters over so that they head in and soon smash into the face of the canyon wall. The pilling of sand and debris against and on top ofthe beaver dam soon makes a constantly-increasing barrier to flood action, and a reasonably permanent cascade over whichthe waters drop and start slowly away. A flood is different from a beautiful stream only inthe matterofvelocity.Arrestthe speedandthefloodisextinct In Haines canyon watershed (which is a torrential feederoftheBigTejunga torrentthatgoesoutintothevalleybelow),aparallelsidecanyonwasselectedforexperiments.Aseriesofsixretardingdamswereconstructedatrightanglesacrossthebedofdraw.Duringtherecentstorms，observationsweremadeatthemouthofthecanyonsomanaged，whichshowedthatthewaters thereofhadbeenentirelyabsorbedanddidnotreachthemainsurfacestream.Similarsidecanyonswithouttheseriesofbarrierswerepouringlargestreaksintothetorrentialflowofthemaincanyon. The main energiesoftheEuropehave,duringthepastgeneration,benevolvedtotheextinguishmentoffloodsratherthanthecementingofstreambedstocurrythemalong—totheotherfollow.Thepreciseresultsfromtheearlierconstructionofbeaverdamsabroad,hasresultedinthebuildingofpermanentandeverlastingmasonrydamsasaparamountpartoftheforestrypolicy.ThiscommonplaceandlongunderstoodideaofretardingtherapidflowofanirrigationfurrowbythelayingofstonesforobstructionshasatlasttakenafirmholduponthepeopleofSouthernCalifornia. Dykesandconduitsholdthe dangerofbreakingatweakspotsandmultiplyingthetotalofdamage.Theresalsofillupwithdebrisso那inmanypartsoftheworld,包括manyplacesinCalifornia,thestreamdownthecanyon. 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her she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she she shesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheshesheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheSheShe She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She She 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SHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOOHSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOHHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSOHOSO has resulted in the building of permanent and everlasting masonry dams as a paramount part of their forestry policy. This commonplace and long understood idea of retarding the rapid flow of an irrigation furrow by the laying of stones for obstructions has at last taken a firm hold upon the people of Southern California. Dykes and conduits hold the danger of breaking at weak spots and multiplying the total of damage. They also fill up with debris so that in many parts of the world, including many places in California, the stream bed is far above the level of the adjoining towns. Outside of and in front of Haines canyon, deep conduits, solidly constructed in width of 20 feet and depth of 5 feet, were soon filled up by our last two storms. The retarding dams absolutely control the speed of the water. They eliminate much of the erosion and prevent the carrying out of the debris into the valleys below. Instead, it is deposited where it will act as natural reservoirs and containers to augment the summer irrigation supply. This policy in connection with practical forestry has made many famous torrents of Southern France absolutely extinct, with trees and brush infesting the bed of what was therefore an open sluiceway for this stream to gain velocity with every foot of its passage. Instead of having a constantly strengthened water holding power in our foot hills and steep mountain boundaries, the facility of present day transportation is spreading population out into the hills and hitherto inaccessible places. Brush is being cleared up in all directions. New streets are being land out in the hills, with cement gutters laid, and so-called storm drains are being constructed to shoot the waters poll mell onto the lower country. With the water comes the inevitable sand and debris to fill the channels at the lower points. The question is: Shall our streams be increased in their velocity and terrestrial character by building allppery cement channels to aid them to carry their silt to the harbor, or shall they be retarded in the hills and made to flow gently, and over a long period of time? Among many notable illustrations of the weakening of the water holding power of the drainage area above and about Los Angeles, is the condition in the Crescenta-Glendale territory. Here three new towns are build- Sprays are very effectively used against the aphids. They are perhaps the easiest of all insects to kill in this way. While these, aphids are quite as defenseless against sprays as against ladybirds they can usually be controlled by a single treatment because of their great reproductive powers. The descendants of a single individual that escaped contact with the spray material would be able to seriously reinfest a plant in an incredibly brief space of time, thus requiring repeated treatments as long as the conditions for rapid reproduction persist. Whether sprayed or not plants often suddenly become free from aphids Regarding the grief that spraying does have to be considered risks in growing trees in the same class as of damaging weather has never been conceived in any country to address these insects on grounds in the Impeach offer any reason for being practical there. THE WAR AND It is true that the elign lands have also business in the Unlimited in employment otherwise have been work through the trade low tariff; but stroke, the price paid to all those years and also to the hands of idle men in United States. Whichever done or not done, free trade administration it has inflicted upon near free trade tariff free trade tariff free trade tariff upon many lines has not only crippled this free trade tariff effect: Don't you dare start to take the plunge been debarred us war and its embassy do we, the free trade tariff that will win as the strife ends. Business men know means, and they acc accordingly. HOW TO RESTORE If the party in place store national prosop to constructive works away many of the difficulties of business for as the Republican par Under such a policy, to admit mistakes them by a reversal blunders committed sugar industry and by free trade tender quickly come prospont growers of the ar producers of L when a change of weather produces a less favorable condition. The frequent recurrence of such weather changes is accountable for most of the mistakes made by careless observers who do not notice that the conditions are general and not limited to particular fields where ladybirds or other inefficient means of control have been experimented with. In most districts the aphids on any particular crop give trouble only during occasional seasons and the remainder of the time are negligible factors. Gardners do not consider aphids difficult insects to combat because under the worst conditions the necessary spraying is neither difficult nor expensive, even though requiring many repetitions of the treatment. The formula most frequently used consists of one part of 40 per cent nicotine and one part of soap to 900 parts of water. This is cheap and effective. In field crops the cost of treatment, though one of the cheapest methods known for killing insects, is generally considered prohibitive. It would seem that the value per acre of the cantaloupe crop should justify the treatment for the aphils but here we have a peculiar condition prevailing. In the cantaloupe fields in the Imperial valley the aphids do not, as a rule, become generally abundant enough to seriously affect production till after the more profitable portion of the crop has been harvested. west, to every factory in the land, to the railroads and to every industrial and business interest of our country.—Bay City (Mich.) National Farmer. BEET SUGAR IN GREAT BRITAIN In a letter reviewing the outlook for the world's sugar crop of 1914-16, Mr. Truman G. Palmer, a recognized authority on the subject of beet sugar production in the United States, presents some interesting information regarding the prospect of beet sugar production in Great Britain. Mr. Palmer says: The agitation which for several years has been going on in Great Britain, with a view to establishing the beet sugar industry in England and Ireland, is stronger than ever and it now looks as though several new British factories would be erected at an early date. When I was in England in 1911, Lord Denbigh, who was promoting the beet sugar industry, told me his colleagues in the house of lords had declared that if he built a factory they either would put sugar on the free list or would impose an excise tax of like amount (about 40 cents per 100) on domestic sugar, as they did not propose to grant protection to any home industry. Since that time one of the old Netherlands factories has been moved and erected at Cantley in Nor... In field crops the cost of treatment, though one of the cheapest methods known for killing insects, is generally considered prohibitive. It would seem that the value per acre of the cantaloupe crop should justify the treatment for the aphids but here we have a peculiar condition prevailing. In the cantaloupe fields in the Imperial valley the aphids do not, as a rule, become generally abundant enough to seriously affect production till after the more profitable portion of the crop has been harvested. The grower will have to decide whether the continuation of the season, by spraying the plants and thus keeping them productive, is profitable with the decreasing market value of the melons which is always experienced at that time of the year. The question before the grower is not primarily entomological, having to do with the method of killing the aphid, but almost entirely a question of farm management, whether it pays to invest the additional cost of production to increase the volume of the least profitable shipments. Those who have tried spraying are far from convinced that they have sufficient returns for the money expended and we would recommend that any further experimenting be done on a small scale, rather than by the treatment of whole fields. There is, however, one practice which has developed in the Imperial valley which seems to be justified by the experience of the growers. When the vines first become infested in the spring it is usual to find the insect limited to a very small number of the vines upon which they become exceedingly abundant before developing wings and spreading generally over the field. When this is the case the practice of many growers is to sprinkle gasoline on each of those early infested vines and set fire to it, thus killing all the aphids as well as the plant. This practice does not prevent the final infestation of the field, but delays the time of infestation very appreciably. Where this aphis gives trouble in other parts of the state it would be well to adopt this method of controlling the incest, provided the winged spring migrants are as few as is the rule in the Imperial valley, with the result that they are able to infest only a very small proportion of the vines. If the early infestation is general this method is of no value. Regarding the grain aphis it is clear that spraying does not pay and it will have to be considered as one of the risks in growing the crop, belonging in the same class as the direct effects of damaging weather conditions. It has never been considered profitable in any country to apply treatment for these insects on grain and the conditions in the Imperial valley do not offer any reason for expecting it to be practical there. The Canadian government has had the courage to do what the Wilson administration refuses to do—raise the tariff rates to secure the revenue necessary. While the United States is steadily losing money and the deficit is growing, the administration refuses to make any change in its tariff laws because it would be an acknowledgment of inefficiency in drafting the tariff laws. The Canadian government gives no thought of its former policy; it sees the necessity of raising more money and it promptly changes its tariff schedule to meet the emergency. In the case of goods new on the free list there will hereafter be a custom now looks as though several new British factories would be erected at an early date. When I was in England in 1911, Lord Denbigh, who was promoting his best sugar industry, told me his colleagues in the house of lords had declared that if he built a factory they either would put sugar on the free list or would impose an excise tax of like amount (about 40 cents per 100) on domestic sugar, as they did not propose to grant protection to any home industry. Since that time one of the old Netherlands factories has been moved and erected at Cantley, in Norfolk, and so great appears to have been the change in sentiment, that last year the British government made an appropriation of $55,000 to aid and encourage the growing of beets. Now that countries which furnish the United Kingdom with three-fourths of its sugar supply are at war, a new impetus has been given to the industry and various English cities are considering the granting of substantial aid. The city of Kilddamminster is proposing to grant a loan of $500,000 to be repaid in four yearly payments without interest. Alderman Dalley said he "had been astonished to learn how, on the Continent, cereals were greatly improved when they followed a beet crop." The main stumbling block appears to be the difference in British and Continental wage rates, those who oppose the proposition contending that they cannot compete with the Continent. They say that in Belgium they only had to pay 19 cents United States for labor from sunrise to sundown. Dr. Hall, director of the Rothamstead agricultural station and rated as the best agriculturist in England, informed me that the weekly agricultural wage in England ranged from a maximum of $5, occasionally with 2 shillings added, in the north of England, down to $2.50 in the south of England and Wales. This is the "high agricultural wage" which many in England believe will not permit them to compete successfully in beet culture with the continent. It should furnish food for reflection to those who assume that we in America, with an average agricultural wage in excess of $2 per day can produce sugar successfully under free trade conditions. CANADA'S GOOD SENSE The Canadian government has had the courage to do what the Wilson administration refuses to do—raise the tariff rates to secure the revenue necessary. While the United States is steadily losing money and the deficit is growing, the administration refuses to make any change in its tariff laws because it would be an acknowledgment of inefficiency in drafting the tariff laws. The Canadian government gives no thought of its former policy; it sees the necessity of raising more money and it promptly changes its tariff schedule to meet the emergency. In case of goods new on the free list there will hereafter be a custom now looks as though several new British factories would be erected at an early date. When I was in England in 1911, Lord Denbigh, who was promoting his best sugar industry, told me his colleagues in the house of lords had declared that if he built a factory they either would put sugar on the free list or would impose an excise tax of like amount (about 40 cents per 100) on domestic sugar, as they did not propose to grant protection to any home industry. Since that time one of the old Netherlands factories has been moved and erected at Cantley, in Norfolk, and so great appears to have been the change in sentiment, that last year the British government made an appropriation of $55,000 to aid and encourage the growing of beets. Now that countries which furnish the United Kingdom with three-fourths of its sugar supply are at war, a new impetus has been given to the industry and various English cities are considering the granting of substantial aid. The city of Kilddamminster is proposing to grant a loan of $500,000 to be repaid in four yearly payments without interest. Alderman Dalley said he "had been astonished to learn how, on the Continent, cereals were greatly improved when they followed a beet crop." The main stumbling block appears to be the difference in British and Continental wage rates, those who oppose the proposition contending that they cannot compete with the Continent. They say that in Belgium they only had to pay 19 cents United States for labor from sunrise to sundown. Dr. Hall, director of the Rothamstead agricultural station and rated as the best agriculturist in England, informed me that the weekly agricultural wage in England ranged from a maximum of $5, occasionally with 2 shillings added, in the north of England, down to $2.50 in the south of England and Wales. This is the "high agricultural wage" which many in England believe will not permit them to compete successfully in beet culture with the continent. It should furnish food for reflection to those who assume that we in America, with an average agricultural wage in excess of $2 per day can produce sugar successfully under free trade conditions. Lot Number Sixteen (16) of The Stueckle Subdivision, as per map thereof recorded in Book 5 page...of Miscellaneous Maps and Records. It is ordered, that Friday day of April, 1916, and the court-room of Department 1 of said court at the City Santa Ana in said County Of Orange State Santa Ana be and place forthe hearing of said petition if notice thereof be published in The Anabelm Gazette, a newspaper published in said County and State, for at least four successive before this day hearing Dated this 19th day of February 1815. Judge of The Superior Court. IN THE SUPERIOR COURT Of the County of Orange State of California In The Matter of The Estate of Conrad Stueckle Deceased. Order appointing time for hearing petition for specific performance contract to convey. Marriage Done by Conrad Stueckle deceased having filed her verified petition in this court, setting forth facts from which it appears that Mr W. Martenet as assignee of Marriage Pressel is entitled made by a contract made by Marriage Pressel with said Conrad Stueckle deceased, in his life time, which said contract with his assignment thereof is set forth in petition being authorized and directed by said execution to said Margaret Pressel a conveyance ofthe following described real property situate, lying and being in The City Anabelm Orange County State Of California bound particularly described as follows:to-wit: Lot Number Sixteen (16) of The Stueckle Subdivision, as per map thereof recorded in Book 5 page...of Miscellaneous Maps and Records. It is ordered, that Friday day of April, 1916, and the court-room of Department 1 of said court at The City Santa Ana in said County Of Orange State Santa Ana be and place forthe hearing of said petition if notice thereof be published in The Anabelm Gazette, a newspaper published in said County and State, for at least four successive before this day hearing Dated this 19th day of February 1815. Judge of The Superior Court. IN THE SUPERIOR COURT Of the County of Orange State OF California In The Matter of The Estate of Conrad Stueckle Deceased. Order appointing time for hearing petition for specific performance contract to convey. Marriage Done by Conrad Stueckle deceased having filed her verified petition in this court, setting forth facts from which it appears that Mr W. Martenet as assignee of Marriage Pressel is entitled made by a contract made by Marriage Pressel with said Conrad Stueckle deceased, in his life time, which said contract with his assignment thereof is set forth in petition being authorized and directed by said execution to said Margaret Pressel a conveyance ofthe following described real property situate, lying and being in The City Anabelm Orange County State Of California bound particularly described as follows:to-wit: Lot Number Sixteen (16) of The Stueckle Subdivision, as per map thereof recorded in Book 5 page...of Miscellaneous Maps and Records. It is ordered, that Friday day of April, 1916, and the court-room of Department 1 of said court at The City Santa Ana in said County Of Orange State Santa Ana be and place forthe hearing of said petition if notice thereof be published in The Anabelm Gazette, a newspaper published in said County and State, for at least four successive before this day hearing Dated this 19th day of February 1815. Judge of The Superior Court. Regarding the grain aphis it is clear that spraying does not pay and it will have to be considered as one of the risks in growing the crop, belonging in the same class as the direct effects of damaging weather conditions. It has never been considered profitable in any country to apply treatment for these insects on grain and the conditions in the Imperial valley do not offer any reason for expecting it to be practical there. THE WAR AND THE TARiff It is true that the cruel war in foreign lands has aided some lines of business in the United States and continued in employment some who would otherwise have been driven out of work through the democratic free trade low tariff; but as a counter stroke, the price of living has increased to all those yet in other trades, and also to the hundreds of thousands of Idle men and women in the United States. Whatever the war has done or not done, we know what a free trade administration has done. It has inflicted upon the country a near free trade tariff law, and a full free trade tariff bills law in its effects upon many lines of industry. It has not only crippled business, but this free trade tariff laws, in effect: Don't you dare start any new industries to take the place of such as have been debarred us on account of the war and its embargoes, for if you do we, the free traders, have enacted a tariff that will wipe you out as soon as the strife ends. Business men know fully what this means, and they act or decline to act accordingly. HOW TO RESTORE PROSPERITY If the party in power wants to restore national prosperity, let it lead to constructive work by sweeping away many of the harassing restrictions of business for which it, as well as the Republican party, is responsible. Under such a policy, with a willingness to admit mistakes and to overcome them by a reversal of some of the blunders committed in destroying the sugar industry and injuring others by free trade tendencies, there would quickly come prosperity to the cotton growers of the south, to the sugar producers of Louisiana and the courage to do what the Wilson administration refuses to do—raise the tariff rates to secure the revenue necessary. While the United States is steadily losing money and the deficit is growing, the administration refuses to make any change in its tariff laws because it would be an acknowledgment of inefficiency in drafting the tariff laws. The Canadian government gives no thought of its former policy; it sees the necessity of raising more money and it promptly changes its tariff schedule to meet the emergency. In the case of goods new on the free list there will hereafter be a custom charge of 7.12 per cent on goods from the United States and elsewhere, with the exception of Great Britain and colonial on the preferential list, where the charge will be 5 per cent. From the increased tariff duties an annual revenue of between $20,000,000 and $25,000,000 is expected.—Doylestown (Pa.) Intelligencer. NOTICE TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN and particularly all persons who may furnish labor or material for or upon any building or improvement upon the land hereinafter described, or for the construction, alteration or repair of any building or improvement; NOTICE is hereby given by the undersigned, (the owner of said land hereinafter described) that he will not be responsible for material or labor used in construction, alteration or repair of any building or other improvements now being, or which may hereafter be, constructed or made upon said land or any part thereof. Description All that certain real property situated in the Ranch San Juan Cajon de Santa Ana, County of Orange, State of California, described as follows: The North half of the North West quarter of the North West quarter of Section Twenty-six (86) Township Four (4) South Range Ten (10) West, S. B. B. & M., loss .79 of an acre reserved for railroad, equal 18.71 acres net; reserving therefrom for roads, railroads and ditches a strip of land 30 feet wide along, adjoining and each side of the Township and Section lines and a strip of land 15 feet wide, along, adjoining and each side of the quarter section lines. Dated, March 3, 1915. 3-11-tf H. R. HANNA. IN THE SUPERIOR COURT Of the State of California In and for the County of Orange In the Matter of the Estate of Catherine Eakland, Deceased. Order to Show Cause Why Order of Sale of Real Estate Should Not Be Made. It is Ordered by the Court That all persons interested in the estate of said deceased appear before the said Superior Court on Friday, the 6th day of March 1915 at 0 o'clock A.M. said day, at the Court Room of said Superior Court in the Court House in said County of Orange, State of California, to show cause why an order should not be granted to the administrator of said estate to sell all of the real estate of said deceased And that a copy of this Order be published at least four successive weeks in The Anheim Gazette, a newspaper printed and published in said County of Orange. Z. B. WEST. Judge of the Superior Court. Dated Feb. 2, 1915. Indoors—Filed Feb. 2, 1915. W. B. WILLIAMS. Clerk. NOTICE TO CREDITORS Estate of Luisse Amberg, deceased. Notice is hereby given by the undersigned Executor of the Will of Luisse Amberg, deceased to the creditors of it, and all persons having claimed against said deceased to exhibit the same with the necessary vouchers, within four months after the first publication of this notice while publication was first made on the 11th day of February at the said Executor of the Will of Luisse Amberg, deceased, at the office of Welsel & Dutton. No. 104 East Center Street, in the City of Anheim, Orange County Californië being the place for the transaction of the business of said estate in The County of Orange. Dated this 10th day of February. A.D. 1915. CLEMENS. AMBERG. Executor of the Will of Luisse Amberg, Deceased. WEISEL & DUTTON. Attorneys for Executor. Representative Avey of Riverside has introduced a bill providing for establishment of standards for the shipment of oranges. 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