anaheim-gazette 1914-11-26

CONCRETE LINING IN IRRIGATION CANALS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ISSUES VALUABLE BOOKLET SHOWING ADVANTAGES OF SYSTEM FORTY PER CENT OF WATER IS LOST IN UNLINED CANALS IT IS CLAIMED An estimate based on the census of 1910 shows that approximately 74,400,000 acre feet of water is diverted annually from streams, reservoirs, wells, and other sources of supply in the United States for use in irrigation. If this volume were spread over an area the size of the State of New York it would cover it to a depth of 28 inches. To convey this amount of water, often from distant sources, and distribute it over cultivated lands, require a large number of canals with capacities varying from several thousand and second foot to a part of a second foot, or a few miner's inches, according to a bulletin just issued by Samuel Fortier, Chief of Irrigation investigations. In the United States, irrigation canals are for the most part excavated in earth and except in a few cases, a large percentage of the water, estimated at 40 per cent of the amount taken in at the heads of the main canals, is lost by absorption and percolation along the routes. But allowing for water later recovered by lower conduits, the amount that is wholly lost may be reduced to 25 per cent. The benefits resulting from work in recent years in the lining of canals for preventing transmission losses have been marked. This publication presents in a summarized form some results of seepage measurements and discusses the subject of lining canals with concrete as one of the best known means of conditions, and even when this is obtainable the accuracy of the estimate will largely depend upon the skill as well as upon the experience and judgment of the estimator. ORANGE COUNTY REJOICES Like the two blooming sisters who inspired a mid-Victorian poet to burst into verse, the two counties of Los Angeles and Orange, grow in beauty side by side. Los Angeles is, of course, the most Junoesque in proportions, as befits the richest county in the United States, but Orange county has a delicate charm that wins her numerous admirers. And then, too, she is delightfully wealthy. Orange county is one of those wise virgins of the Incomparable Southland which takes advantage of the privilege to maintain a lecturer at the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, says a Los Angeles exchange. That chamber is a sort of clearinghouse for settlers. Newcomers from all over the United States gravitate there and inspect the exhibits. Then they sort themselves out and go to make new homes in the section which has most commanded their attention. Exhibits maintained by foresighted Orange county have been the means of attracting many, and now the board of supervisors has consented to make an appropriation for a display which will be even more striking. It has brought home to the supervisors that Orange county has no fewer than seven products which bring in more than $1,000,000 each per annum and an aggregate of $25,000,000. Naturally this remarkable showing is a source of pride to the county, and it has been determined to make a special exhibit of specimens of these seven principal products. Among these money getters oil leads in value, the total for the past twelve months having been no less than $11,000,000. This showing is all the more remarkable in face of the completed not less The bridge south helm Landing way. A fine boon from Long elonging, which runs tance in sight othe section is o will afford a bed coast and leaves between Newport built to connect highway to San Francisco through route. RAVAGES OF Bureau of Ancient Prompt Steps Mount The foot and stock is now carc loss in many States. One lace from the east recently been coed. Because of epidemic, the force cerning it has btw versity of Calif Traum, assistiary science in nature. This disease causes infestious animals. Caully affected, next sheep and goat and even poults cases affected, specially the last particularly daisy disease. Methis disease and milk from affe velop blisters sitle. The affectious and recoveries. The disease is by the foramiters on the linie surface between the toes in sheep and usually involves this disease is an economic import and preventing ease lies in thre very rapidly an unraised loss of fa taken in at the heads of the main canals, is lost by absorption and percolation along the routes. But allowing for water later recovered by lower conduits, the amount that is wholly lost may be reduced to 25 per cent. The benefits resulting from work in recent years in the lining of canals for preventing transmission losses have been marked. This publication presents in a summarized form some results of seepage measurements and discusses the subject of lining canals with concrete as one of the best known means of preventing seepage losses. Most of the irrigation canals in this country that have been lined with concrete have been examined and the good and bad features of each noted. Construction methods have likewise been studied. In brief the main object of the entire investigation has been to show, first, the need of an impervious lining, and, second, the best practice to follow in construction work of this kind. The census of 1910 showed that year 81,837 main and lateral ditches, aggregating 125,591 miles in length and having a maximum capacity of 618,097 second feet. Assuming that not over 4 per cent of the total volume of water used in irrigation was carried in pipes, flumes, and lined canals and deducting all channels having impervious linings, there remained over 120,000 miles of unlined irrigation canals in the West. Transmission losses in the channels considered herein may be grouped under the headings leakage, evaporation, and seepage. Cheap and faulty structures are a common cause of leakage, but such losses are only a small percentage of the total loss. A large percentage of the water used to molten the top layer of soils is evaporated. Water flowing in an open conduit evaporates from the surface an amount dependent upon the temperature of both aid and water, the velocity of the wind, and upon other factors. This loss, as in the case of leakage from faulty construction, is so small that it may be neglected without causing appreciable error. Evaporation data obtained from 37 different stations throughout the various arid States and covering the months of June, July, August, and September give average daily rates in inches for this period as follows: Maximum, 0.34; minimum, 0.18; and mean 0.26. For practical purposes the loss of water from a canal through exaporation is a negligible quantity. The results of measurements of seepage show that this is the most important source of loss from canals. In many cases full data are not available, particularly as to the character of the materials through which the canals are excavated. The canals measured vary widely in capacity and with one exception are situated in various parts of the arid regions of the United States. About 1,000 miles of separate canal sections are represented in the data collected and considering the character of materials, they cover a wide range of products which bring in more than $1,000,000 each per annum and an aggregate of $25,000,000. Naturally this remarkable showing is a source of pride to the county, and it has been determined to make a special exhibit of specimens of these seven principal products. Among these money getters oil leads in value, the total for the past twelve months having been no less than $11,000,000. This showing is all the more remarkable in face of the fact that there are people still living who can remember that the first suggestions that oil would be found in Orange county were received with jeers. Proud as the people of Orange county are entitled to be at the growth of their oil industry, they are the better pleased at the showing made by the other six leading products, sugar beets; refined sugar, oranges, walnuts, beans and poultry. It is pointed out that the benefits derived from these six are more widespread than those which flow from oil. This is due to the fact that numerous and well-contented farmers are producing the six while a few corporators are responsible for the oil output. The farmers are the backbone of Orange county, and the coin which they get as a result of their labor and the bountiful nature of the land is shared with the merchants. Second in importance to oil in Orange county is the production of sugar and beet roots. The county has five factories, all of which have just finished their campaign and report that it has been one of the best in the history of the enterprising county. And despite the blow aimed at California sugar factories by the democratic tariff bill. It's and ill wind that blows nobody good and the war in Europe is the main cause for the profitable year which the Orange county sugar farmers are now rejoicing in. When the democratic tariff legislation was enacted much anxiety was caused to the sugar men of this state. Some in the central portion of California decided that it was hardly worth while to get the farmers to grow beets this year. At that time there was no suggestion that by the time the beets were sliced the continent of Europe would be embroiled in war. The outlook was so discouraging that from all over the country came reports that, with the prospect of ultimate free sugar, those engaged in the manufacture of sugar velop blisters sore. The disease infects this disease is economically important and prevents ease lies in its very rapid loss if it diminutes either ceases or reduces. The milieu animal has does not rest quarters of its animals that covered possess munity to this ject to future claimed that as carriers of their being appear. At present there is not stockman can farm in the fief industry and its office. The prition of the Bribery with its co-liana has enabled trol and supplied formerly it has in this country the Bureau is one of experienced CANADIAN T Recruiting in t Canada will to 91,000 ther arms. Premier Fifty thousand and sent forward to war office. In December be dispatched subsequent on ber of Canada brought up to o fthe year. Premier B points out that have been more thousand son and output and nee 50,000 others ther contingent Europe in De The results of measurements of seepage show that this is the most important source of loss from canals. In many cases full data are not available, particularly as to the character of the materials through which the canals are excavated. The canals measured vary widely in capacity and with one exception are situated in various parts of the arid regions of the United States. About 1,000 miles of separate canal sections are represented in the data collected and considering the character of materials, erosion, age, etc., they cover a wide range of conditions. It must of course be recognized that with measurements taken under such diverse conditions and by the different methods used in collecting these data allowance must be made for probable inaccuracies in the results. It may, and probably does happen that in cases where the amount of loss or gain is small; the variation may really amount to a gain where it is given as a loss and vice versa depending on the accuracy of the methods used and the care taken in making the measurements for a given canal. However, in collecting these data an effort was made to eliminate all measurements of doubtful accuracy so far as this could be determined from the records examined. Two methods of expressing seepage losses in canals are in common use. One method expresses the loss in the percentage of flow of the canal while the other expresses the loss in 24 hours in terms of cubic feet per square foot of wetted area. Opinions differ as to the relative merits of these methods, but each has its advantages. The former gives one a ready grasp of the efficiency of a canal in a general way while the latter permits a more detailed estimate of the loss which may be expected from a given section of a canal when the conditions there-in have been carefully studied. However, seepage losses from canals are governed by many variable and interdependent conditions, the combined influence of which it is very difficult if not altogether impracticable, to reduce to a mathematical formula. The writer is convinced that no refinement of calculation for estimating seepage losses in proposed canals is warranted at this time without considerable data directly applicable to individual acted much anxiety was caused to the sugar men of this state. Some in the central portion of California decided that it was hardly worth while to get the farmers to grow beets this year. At that time there was no suggestion that by the time the beets were sliced the continent of Europe would be embroiled in war. The outlook was so discouraging that from all over the country came reports that, with the prospect of ultimate free sugar, those engaged in the manufacture of sugar from beets were curtailing operations and in some cases shutting down entirely. But the Orange county companies, with a magnificent faith, went ahead. The shuttling off of European imports, caused by the war, has saved them from the evil effects which the democrats, enemies of prosperity, would have forced on them with the emasculated tariff. It is then a propitious year for the sugar producers of Orange county. And good fortune has come to them in a double way. In addition to the higher prices which sugar commands because nations are fighting, the beets this year proved to be of exceptional quality, the average sugar content showing an improvement over 1913, which means more money in the pockets of the farmers. The outlook, too, is very bright, and it is the expectation that the output for 1915 will even surpass that of 1914, which is given as nearly 100,000,000 pounds. Orange county is certainly all to the sugar. NEW COAST BOULEVARD Another boulevard which is to add to the fame of Southern California as the motorists' paradise, is now under construction to eventually connect Los Angeles and San Diego on an all-const route. Construction work is now under way between Seal Beach and Balboa, and this section will be ANAHEIM GAZETTE completed not later than next spring. The bridge across the bay at Anaheim Landing is already well under way. A fine boulevard is already open from Long e Bach to Anaheim Landing, which runs almost the entire distance in sight of the ocean, and when the section is completed to Balboa it will afford a beautiful drive along the coast and leave only a short section between Newport and Laguna to be built to connect up the present coast highway to San Diego and open up the through route. RAVAGES OF THE LATEST EPIDEMIC Bureau of Animal Industry Taking Prompt Steps Against Foot and Mouth Disease. The foot and mouth disease of livestock is now causing apprehension and loss in many parts of the United States. One large shipment of cattle from the east into the northwest has recently been condemned and destroyed. Because of public interest in the epidemic, the following statement concerning it has been issued by the University of California. It is by Jacob Traum, assistant professor of veterinary science in the College of Agriculture. This disease is very highly contagious, infecting principally cloven-footed animals. Cattle are most frequently affected, next in order come hogs, sheep and goats. Horsees, dogs, cats and even poultry have been in rare cases affected, but these animals, especially the last three mentioned, are particularly dangerous as carriers of the disease. Man is not immune to this disease and children drinking raw milk from affected animals may develop blisters similar to those in cattle. The affection in man is not serious and recovery promptly follows. The disease is manifested in animals by the formation of vesicles or blisters on the lining of the mouth and the surface of the tongue, on the testis, between the toes and above the hoof. In sheep and hogs the foot alone are usually involved. The mortality from this disease is usually low and the economic importance in stamping out and preventing the spread of this disease lies in the fact that it spreads very rapidly and the loss due to the rapid loss of flesh of the animal and DEATH RESULTS FROM AUTO ACCIDENT MRS. J. A. MAUNSEY KILLED AND FOUR OTHERS INJURED ON HIGHWAY SOUTH OF TOWN CAR TURNS TURTLE WITHOUT APPARENT CAUSE AND WAS COMPLETELY WRECKED One person is dead, three others dangerously injured, and a fifth with a couple of broken ribs and minor bruises, the result of an automobile accident on the state highway, three miles south of Anaheim, at 11:30 o'clock Thursday morning. The auto contained Mr. and Mrs. T. B. Crosswell of Los Angeles, Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Maunsey of Monrovia, Edgar, the 5-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Maunsey, and George King, a Los Angeles real estate man. The machine, a Ford, had passed through Anaheim just a few minutes previous to the accident which occurred a quarter of a mile this side of the county hospital. Nobody can tell precisely what caused the accident. Mrs. Crossley was driving and was traveling at a rate of 15 miles an hour, it is claimed, when it suddenly leaped into the air, turned turtle, came down upside down, completely reversed, its front pointing toward Anaheim. Whether something about the steering gear broke, or whether the front wheel dropped off the pavement into the soft sand, is not known as the accident occurred so swiftly that none of the occupants could give a distinct idea of it. Palace Market We carry a complete line of Heinz’ Famous Pickles and Kraut ALSO Fresh Eastern Oysters and Cheese The choicest of Fresh and Salt Meats constantly kept on hand Wm. Schumacher - Prop. Spray for Scale Work done promptly and in a satisfactory manner. Phone orders to J. F. WHITE Placentia WATER COMPANY velop blisters similar to those in cattle. The infection in man is not serious and recovery promptly follows. The disease is manifested in animals by the formation of vesicles or blisters on the lining of the mouth and the surface of the tongue, on the tests between the toes and above the hoof. In sheep and hogs the foot alone are usually involved. The mortality from this disease is usually low and the economic importance in stamping out and preventing the spread of this disease lies in the fact that it spreads very rapidly and the loss due to the rapid loss of flesh of the animal and the diminution in the milk production in affected animals. During the course of the disease the milk production either ceases entirely or is greatly reduced. The milk secretion, even after the animal has fully recovered, usually does not reach higher than three quarters of its normal amount. Animals that have apparently recovered possess only a limited immunity to this disease and are subject to future attacks. It is also claimed that recovered animals act as carriers of the infection in spite of their being apparently well. At present the disease is reported to exist in about a dozen states east of the Missouri River. It is claimed to have been introduced by hides coming from South America or the Philippines Islands. The first cases have been found in the vicinity of a tannery near Niles, Michigan. There is nothing that the California stockman can do except place his faith in the federal Bureau of Animal Industry and the state veterinarian's office. The prompt and effective action of the Bureau of Animal Industry with its corps of trained veterinarians has enabled it effectively to control and suppress the disease when formerly it has made its appearance in this country. In this outbreak, also the Bureau is out with its strong force of experienced men. CANADIAN TROOPS LEAVING FOR WAR Recruiting in England is Slow, According to British Reports Canada will increase immediately to 91,000 the number of men under arms, Premier Borden has announced. Fifty thousand are to be mobilized and sent forward as requisitioned by the war office. In December a force of 17,000 will be dispatched to England and by a subsequent enlistment the total number of Canadians under arms will be brought up to 108,000 before the end of the year. Premier Borden's announcement points out that 33,000 soldiers already have been sent to Canada. Eight thousand more are engaged in garrison and outpost duty in the Dominion and the new mobilization will put 50,000 others under training. When the contingent of 17,000 leaves for Europe in December a further enlistment will be made. E. S. Gilbert and Victor Hawk of Santa Ana were driving just behind the machine and witnessed the affair. They extricated the occupants from the wreckage, as speedily as possible and rushed them to the hospital only a hundred yards away. The nurses rendered first aid and Drs. Wehrley and Clark of Santa Ana were on hand within a half-hour. It was found that Mrs. Crossley was suffering from a crushed chest and a number of ribs were broken, and her chances of recovery were pronounced slight. Mrs. Maunsey also sustained some broken ribs and her skull at the base of the brain was factured. Her recovery was considered exceedingly doubtful Mr. Crosswell had two ribs broken, and was otherwise badly bruised. Mr. King was not so badly injured although he may have had some fractured ribs. He was able to return to his home in Los Angeles in the evening. Although it was believed that Mrs. Crossley was the most seriously injured, Mrs. Maunsey died at 8 o'clock in the evening. The party was on the way to San Juan Capistrano for an outing at the old mission. The machine was a total wreck and lay where it had fallen by the side of the highway all day, an object of curiosity to hundreds of travelers. Little Edgar Maunsey was the only one of the party to come out of the wreck unscathed. An inquest was held Friday upon the body of Mrs. Munsey, by Coroner Winbigler. He found that death was due to a fracture at the base of the skull. He determined that the steering gear of the automobile was not at fault, and Crosswell testified that the machine did not leave the paved road into soft dirt. The reason for the overturning of the machine is still a mystery. PRIZE WINNERS SEE THE METROPOLIS WATER COMPANY HOLDS MEETING Regular Session Saturday Transacts Usual Amount of Business A regular meeting of the Board of Directors of the Anaheim Union Water company was held on Saturday, November 21, with all members present. On motion duly seconded the Godfrey Betz application for a pipe line was referred to the ditch committee. On motion duly seconded the repairs to undershoot at Gipsum were referred to the superintendent and engineer. Application of Mr. Shouck to place an irrigating pipe over company’s right of way in Yorba Linda was referred to the superintendent. On motion duly seconded the cleaning of wetlands at 2 plants and 4 was referred to the pumping plant committee. On motion duly seconded the Cota tract was rented to Arthur Porter for the year 1915. Communication received from E. B. Merritt, city clerk, requesting that the open ditch on S. Lemon street, be removed to the ditch committee. The report of the Amalgamated Oil company for the month of October was received and filed. The report of the Hurley, Smith & Collins Co., for the month of October was received and filed. On motion duly seconded the following transfers of stock were granted: 4 shares from F. H. P. Miller to A. C. Miller and 4 shares from F. H. P. Miller to F. E. Miller. On motion the meeting adjourned. FOREST BADGE FOR BOY SCOUT United States District Forester Coort DuBols has just received from the maker a supply of badges which are to be given to the Boy Scouts who qualify next summer as national forest aides. To become eligible to receive a badge, the scout is required to spend at least ten days on a national forest performing useful service during the fire season under direction of federal forest officers. At the end of this period he has to pass an examination in elementary forestry. The first scout to receive the badge was a Mill Valley boy who worked on the Taoho Forest last summer un- In December a force of 17,000 will be dispatched to England and by a subsequent enlistment the total number of Canadians under arms will be brought up to 108,000 before the end of the year. Premier Borden's announcement points out that 33,000 soldiers already have been sent to Canada. Eight thousand more are engaged in garrison and outpost duty in the Dominion and the new mobilization will put 50,000 others under training. When the contingent of 17,000 leaves for Europe in December a further enlistment of 17,000 will take place immediately. It is stated officially that an arrangement has been made by the British War Office whereby the British government will purchase field guns needed by the Canadian troops. Meantime the field artillery units are being trained with 12-pounders, the type used in the South African war. Recruiting throughout the north of England is proceeding slowly and the newspapers of Manchester and Liverpool are outspoken in their discussion of the subject. Within the last four days Manchester, with a population of about 600,000, supplied only 400 recruits through a total of fifty recruiting depots. Reports from Liverpool show that recruiting is even slower there. A boy scout band has been parading the streets for days in an effort to stir up the young men, but without effect. Football games draw large crowds. Theaters are filled with men of military age. But apparently they are not moved by Lord Kitchener's call for more men. In Ireland recruiting is slower than in the north of England, because it is complicated with the bitter political strife, which has subsided only partially as a result of the war. Party leaders have exerted every effort to hasten Irish recruiting, but without the results hoped for. Many Irish officials have explained the slackness of recruiting in Ireland by saying it is a country of women and old men and that the young men mostly have left for countries where greater opportunities await them. Census figures, however, show that Ireland has not yielded recruits in the same proportion to its available men that England has. PRIZE WINNERS SEE THE METROPOLIS Youthful California Agriculturists are Shown the Sights of Gotham According to a New York dispatch, 20 high school boy specialists in agriculture from California who won prizes for getting the largest net results from given plots of ground, have arrived in New York by special car. A transcontinental trip of 8000 miles, was the reward given to the 20 for their diligence and skill through the efforts of the College of Agriculture of the University of California. After ten hours spent in visiting the steamship Adriatic, Grant's tomb, the Woolworth building, the Brooklyn bridge and other sights, they unanimously decided that New-York was no place to live. It was chiefly remarkable, they said, for tall buildings and the consumption of cold storage fruits. In other respects—well you ought to see San Francisco, or Sacramento or Santa Cruz or Watsonville or Morgan Hill. "I wouldn't want to live here," said one youthful farmer. "It's too far to get any place." They went to the Hippodrome and after visiting the City Hall, the Museum of Natural History, the aquarium and other places, left for Philadelphia. Prof. B. H. Crocheron and B. F. Morgan of the agricultural extension of the University of California are in charge of the party. The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company within two months will spend $200,000 in perfecting its system in expectation of a great rush of business next year. United States District Forester Coor丁Bols has just received from the maker a supply of badges which are to be given to the Boy Scouts who qualify next summer as national forest sides. To become eligible to receive a badge, the scout is required to spend at least ten days on a national forest performing useful service during the fire season under the direction of federal forest officers. At the end of this period he has to pass an examination in elementary forestry. The first scout to receive the badge was a Mill Valley boy who worked on the Tahoe Forest last summer under Forest Supervisor R. L. P. Biglow. He performed with credit the duties assigned to him, being especially complimented by Bigelow for his conduct at the Crystal Peak fire, and passed the examination with a fair rating. The badge is of bronze, with the forest service pine tree in relief encircled by the words National Forest Aide. The district forester expects that a number of them will be won by the boys next season. Great Opportunities. Only in cotton spinning is British industry suffering. In addition to supplying the expeditionary force and the new army with clothing and equipment, Russia has placed orders for a million pairs of boots and the British woolen mills and shoe factories have other contracts they are as yet unable to place, which could easily be taken by American manufacturing agents, were they in the field. The greatest wastage in the war has been in the motor vehicle line. Not only are the cars racked to pieces by hard service, but large numbers are destroyed by shell. British manufacturers have not the equipment to supply this wastage. Russia is not a manufacturing country, and the factories of France have been largely destroyed in the north and in other parts are shut down because of the lack of hands. A cargo of California fruits and wines amounting to 66,000 cases has arrived at Galveston through the Panama canal. This opens up a new line of communication between the coast and the great central valley of the United States. "BUICK" 1915 Model C-24, $1010 Model C-36,$1335 Model C-25,$1085 Model C-37,$1385 Model C-55 Buick Six $1800 H. W. BRADEN, Agent For Northern Orange County 515 E. Center St. ANAHEIM, CAL. New Zeyn Tract Secure your lot now before improvements are made and prices advanced Exclusive Residence Tract Desirable Building Restrictions Bearing Walnut and Orange Trees on each lot TERMS TO SUIT C. E. HOLCOMB Desirable Building Restrictions Bearing Walnut and Orange Trees on each lot TERMS TO SUIT C. E. HOLCOMB Office at Weisel's Garage. Phone 263J, Fullerton 517 N. Main St. Bet. Fifth & Sixth Phones: Main 281 Home 133 Horton-Hemstock Co. Pumping Machinery SANTA ANA, CAL. The Gazette Office First-Class Job Printing Prices Are Right Neatness and Dispatch First-Class, Job Printing Prices Are Right Neatness and Dispatch Opera-House Block Thanksgiving Day excursions between all stations on the Santa Fe...On sale Nov. 24-25-26 Return limit:Nov. 30, 1914. for instance between San Francisco Redlands Oakland Riverside Stockton Los Angeles Merced San Diego Fresno Corona Bakersfield Phoenix San Bernardino Prescott J. H. CLABAUGH, AGENT PACIFIC 217 PHONES HOME 1751