anaheim-gazette 1914-04-02
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TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT IN CATTLE
CALIFORNIA VETERINARY SURGEONS ARE USING SCIENTIFIC MEANS IN TESTS
STRENUOUS EFFORTS NOW BEING MADE TO STAMP OUT THE DISEASE
(By Clarence M. Haring)
The intradermal or intracutaneous method of applying the tuberculin test to cattle is now regularly used by several veterinary practitioners in California, and reports from other states and from foreign countries indicate that the method is rapidly gaining favor among veterinarians elsewhere. The test possesses such advantages in economy of time and materials that it has been widely accepted by practitioners as a substitute for the subcutaneous method, without waiting to determine whether it is sufficiently accurate to warrant such an acceptance. The data concerning its accuracy, as compared with that of the usual subcutaneous method, are not sufficient, however, to convince many state officials of the advisability of accepting the intradermal test as a substitute.
Another new method of tuberculin testing, called the ophthalmic, conjunctival or eye test, is used in some sections. The ophthalmic method, although not popular in this country, is preferred by some veterinarians. In regard to the acceptance of these methods for the admission of cattle into states requiring a tuberculin test certificate, the following information is of interest.
Intradermal test does not appear to produce a perceptible local irritation or be objectionable in any way. On account of the possibility of molecular disintegration, however, we advise that the test solution be prepared shortly before use. It is convenient to keep on hand a stock of sterile amber glass bottles, each bottle containing one-tenth of a gram of dry alcoholic precipitated tuberculin. By adding to one of these 2 cc. of sterile physiological salt solution, ten doses of 5 percent tuberculin solution can be prepared. As the tuberculin powder goes into solution very slowly, the diluent should be added at least two hours before the injection is to be made. On account of the detrimental effect of light on such solutions they should be kept in amber bottles and protected from direct sunlight as much as possible.
CONVICT-MADE GOODS
After a vigorous partisan contest, the House of Representatives passed a bill to bar foreign convict-made or pauper-made goods from competition with the products of American free labor.
The measure, which now goes to the Senate, follows a bill recently passed by the House forbidding the shipment of convict-made goods in interstate commerce into States which prohibit the sale of such products in the open market.
The importation of foreign convict-made goods has been prohibited generally under the tariff laws since 1890, but owing to the peculiar construction of the law, it has been difficult to enforce and union-labor representatives in Congress declare it has been freely violated.
Under the measure passed all shipments of goods proven to be convict or pauper-made could be confiscated by treasury department through court proceedings similar to libel prosecution under the admiralty laws. In addition, the bill provides that "any consignor, seller, owner, shipper, importer, consignee, agent or other person or persons" who knowingly and fraudulently introduces or seeks to introduce ready grown the farmland advice by consent are already growing. Before becoming a farmer would do well his state experiment gain all possible information help him to make a certain information that fully the danger of alfalfa and make clear the risk of money, land ne is taking in a periment.
OF INTEREST TO MAPED
Southern California the Mexican line to Pass, are interested in time in the road condition the Imperial and Coachec cording to the touring department of the Auto Southern California.
In order to answer asked by its members under the direction of dish L. Mitchell, has survey of the two major valleys, and Frank M. touring department, particularly on road conditions.
Which is the best Mecca, Thermal, Brahsh shall we go by way of way of Banning and Hunting motorists are asking by business necessity gions, and others, and the opening of a new to make a pleasure to It is a land-voyage Frank Jordan, that rests water in the radiators is entirely feasible. Club has assumed an
The data concerning its accuracy, as compared with that of the usual subcutaneous method, are not sufficient, however, to convince many state officials of the advisability of accepting the intradermal test as a substitute. Another new method of tuberculin testing, called the ophthalmic, conjunctival or eye test, is used in some sections. The ophthalmic method, although not popular in this country, is preferred by some veterinarians. In regard to the acceptance of these methods for the admission of cattle into states requiring a tuberculin test certificate, the following information is of interest. Statements have been received by the writers from the live stock sanitary authorities of 39 states. In Delaware and California the intradermal test is accepted, if performed by an approved veterinarian. The state veterinarian of Pennsylvania writes that he would not recommend the live stock sanitary board to recognize the method indiscriminately except under certain conditions when the intradermal or ophthalmic tests were made by an unusually well-qualified veterinarian and a certificate for physical examination accompanied a report of the test. The state veterinarian of Missouri writes: "We are using the intradermal test exclusively in our state work, but for interstate shipments we are using the thermal method, for the reason that the intradermal leaves no record. Therefore, until such time as an agreement can be made between the different states and there is a better system for the control of the veterinarians, it will be necessary for us to require the thermal test and a record of the same filed in this office immediately after the inspection is made. We have the greatest confidence in the intradermal test and would not hesitate to accept shipments where it has been applied, except for the fact that only a very small per cent of the veterinarians doing interstate work are familiar with the intradermal test. Therefore, I see no possibility of our accepting the intradermal test in the near future." Most of the state authorities agree that they cannot as yet officially accept either the intradermal or ophthalmic method. The consensus of opinion seems to be that these tests are fairly satisfactory when administered by careful and experienced operators, but that it is unsafe to accept such tests from veterinarians indiscriminately, until these methods have come into more general use and have been accepted by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry.
In human practice the intradermal method is used to some extent, but many physicians consider this method too delicate for routine diagnosis in man. Their objection is that the test is so searching in its scrutiny that it causes reactions in latent cases which would probably never develop active tuberculosis.
In veterinary practice, however, this "searching scrutiny" is usually desired and from data already available there is reason to believe that this test when combined with observations concerning the thermal reaction furnishes a more accurate means of diagnosis than the usual subcutaneous method of testing cattle, in which no attention is paid to the local reaction and no attempt is really under the tariff laws since 1890, but owing to the peculiar construction of the law, it has been difficult to enforce and union-labor representatives in Congress declare it has been freely violated.
Under the measure passed all shipments of goods proven to be convict or pauper-made could be confiscated by treasury department through court proceedings similar to libel prosecution under the admiralty laws. In addition, the bill provides that "any consignor, seller, owner, shipper, importer, consignee, agent or other person or persons" who knowingly and fraudulently introduces or seeks to introduce the prohibited articles into the commerce of the United States, shall, upon conviction, be fined for each offense a sum not exceeding $5,000, or be imprisoned for not exceeding two years.
The bill declares that the term "pauper" shall be limited to those persons who are held or confined in eleemosynary institutions at the public expense, in whole or in part.
Efforts to amend the bill in order to broaden its scope failed. Republican Leader Mann early in the consideration of the measure attempted to insert a clause defining "paupers" as all persons receiving wages less than $1 a day. He sought to include a provision prohibiting the importation of all child labor-made goods. Speaker Clark ruled the amendment out of order and upon an appeal was upheld by a vote of 229 to 112.
FISHERMEN, TAKE HEED
Coincident with the opening of the trout season, April 1st, will come the official opening of game wardens in rounding up fishermen who have not taken out fishing licenses. Under instructions from the state commission, the wardens have not forced the issue of licenses, but after next Tuesday real energy will be displayed by those authorized to "stick their nose" into other people's private business to the extent of asking whether they have the little slip of paper recognized by the state and costing the sum of $1.
It is still an open question whether wharf fishermen will have to pay the license. It is understood that some wardens will attempt to force this class of sports to come through with a dollar, while others will give them the "once over" and pass them by.
Deputy State Fish and Game Commissioner Robinson says the law will be strictly enforced and that all fishermen over 18 years of age will be expected to produce a license when called upon to do so.
ALFALFA
Many farmers have been led through the excitement produced by alfalfa trains, and other promotion methods, toplant alfalfa when they never should have attempted it, according to specialists of the Department. These specialists feel that there has been an unnecessary amount of talk about alfalfa and too little actual attempt to demonstrate the limitations that exist with reference to growing that crop. As a result the department, while it is helping farmers to cultivate alfalfa and other leguminous plants by preparing bacterial cultures, is also cautioning its demonstration agents to touch the valleys, and Frank M. touring department, pertly on road condition.
Which is the best Mecca, Thermal, Brahman shall we go by way of Banning and Motorists are asking by business necessity; gions, and others, and the opening of a new make to make a pleasure tour.
It is a land-voyage Frank Jordan, that rests water in the radiators is entirely feasible. Club has assumed an interest toward all transcontinental and the report made on the great ocean-to-ocean flow between San Diego Brawley by way of Tucson is unbiased.
There is no question great demand for rearing on the high perial and Coachella," "In the first place that announcing that both trot and Imperial are on road from San Diego Mountain Springs gravel time in better condition road across the desert."
However, we have that the ocean-to-ocean people are going to impress latter route, which will much easier. Any difference in run now is not free location of the road, but which must first be giving the necessity for gear work.
From Los Angeles either the coast or town now in good condition Diego through Campo del Mountain Springs is excellent. Informal of the road may be Auto Club headquarters and from the club from The bottom of tide wells, for a distance miles, there is a little not at all difficult. Introduce have made a good road.
"We left Brawley at morning and reached the route of the ocean way for a distance about 6, making the run six hours. The road within two miles of town now in good condition ception of small cross Soda Springs to San highway is fair. Frash wash into "Fig Tree" in good condition and going is found.
"From the latter woad is all right. There some sand in places traveled every day. From east along the routes foothill boulevard it is torists to reach The Coachella by way of Redlands and Banning."
"From the south off is a matter of choice tomobillist wishes to be by way of San Diego The motorist can avoid
many physicians consider this method too delicate for routine diagnosis in man. Their objection is that the test is so searching in its scrutiny that it causes reactions in latent cases which would probably never develop active tuberculosis.
In veterinary practice, however, this "searching scrutiny" is usually desired and from data already available there is reason to believe that this test when combined with observations concerning the thermal reaction furnishes a more accurate means of diagnosis than the usual subcutaneous method of testing cattle, in which no attention is paid to the local reaction and no attempt is made to select and prepare the field of injection and to inject in such a way that if the local reaction occurs it will be easily detected. Many veterinarians in making the subcutaneous test shave the neck at the point where the subcutaneous injection is to be made, in order to more easily observe the local reaction which frequently occurs. Corbett and Griffiths state that the local reactions resulting from subcutaneous injections in the neck were usually very slight and of no special value. However, we have found that in interpreting doubtful thermal reactions it is of assistance to examine the site of injection for local swellings. One of us (Bell) has found it of value, in testing by the subcutaneous method, to inject the tuberculin through the skin of the hindquarter over the semi-membranosis. He finds that the local reactions to the subcutaneous injections are more clearly defined than in the loose tissues of the neck. The intradermal method excels the subcutaneous in the size and definiteness of its local reactions.
We have called attention to the fact that aqueous solutions of alcoholic precipitated mallein disintegrate rapidly, due in part to the absence of preservative and in part to changes in toxin molecules. Therefore, the powder form alone can be kept in stock and the test solution should always be made shortly before use. It is probable that this hould true for solutions of precipitated tuberculin as well. As a diluent for the dry tuberculin we have used ¼ per cent solutions of trikresol in physiological salt solution and, if the dilution is prepared aseptically, we have found that the tuberculin dilution will remain sterile and potent for months. The use of trikresol or phenol in ¼ to ½ per cent solutions for the ALFALFA
Many farmers have been led through the excitement produced by alfalfa trains, and other promotion methods, toplant alfalfa when they never should have attempted it, according to specialists of the Department. These specialists feel that there has been an unnecessary amount of talk about alfalfa and too little actual attempt to demonstrate the limitations that exist with reference to growing that crop. As a result the department, while it is helping farmers to cultivate alfalfa and other leguminous plants by preparing bacterial cultures, is also cautioning its demonstration agents to teach the farmer to grow alfalfa where it is desirable to have it taught and where there is promise of success. These demonstration agents are particularly warned not to encourage individual farmers to grown alfalfa unless the climate and other conditions and the soil of the special farm fully warrant the experiment which involves an investment for seed and cultivation, and if the crop is not successful means a waste of the land over a growing season. The question of whether alfalfa will grow is not a simple problem, but involves frequently a complicated group of problems which have to be considered from several different angles and by several different groups of specialists. Mere examination of the soil will not show what is going to happen with alfalfa. The only way to discover whether or not it will grow is to try it inexpensively in an experimental plot, get certain general facts in mind, and then extend the experiment to promising local farms with the help of the farmer himself.
Only recently the department had requests for 50,000 to 60,000 pounds of alfalfa seed for distribution to some 50,000 or 60,000 farmers. If the department had acceded to this request, it very easily might have encouraged the farmers in that region to spend additional money for seed when they should not have undertaken the culture of alfalfa at all. The mere furnishing of seed is only the first step, because its successful cultivation calls for special methods of soil preparation, inoculation, and many other matters not commonly understood by those who have had no experience with this forage and cover crop.
Alfalfa where it can be grown properly is undoubtedly of much value to the farmer. In regions where it is al-
ANAHEIM GAZETTE
ready grown the farmer can gain valuable advice by consulting those who are already growing it successfully. Before becoming a pioneer in alfalfa raising in his district, however, the farmer would do well to consult with his state experiment station and so gain all possible information that will help him to make a success, or else obtain information that will show him fully the danger of attempting to raise alfalfa and make clear to him exactly the risk of money, time, and use of land he is taking in attempting the experiment.
OF INTEREST TO MOTORISTS
Best Roads to Adjacent Valleys Being Mapped Out
Southern California motorists, from the Mexican line to the Tehachepi Pass, are interested at this particular time in the road conditions throughout the Imperial and Coachella Valleys, according to the touring information department of the Automobile Club of Southern California.
In order to answer all questions asked by its members, the Auto Club, under the direction of Secretary Standish L. Mitchell, has just completed a survey of the two main routes into the valleys, and Frank M. Jordan, of the touring department, has reported expertly on road conditions.
Which is the best way to reach Mecca, Thermal, Brawley, El Centro, shall we go by way of San Diego or by way of Banning and Palm Springs, the motorists are asking. Some are driven by business necessity to the valley regions, and others, anxious to observe the opening of a new territory, desire to make a pleasure tour of the trip.
It is a land-voyage, according to Frank Jordan, that requires plenty of water in the radiators, but either route is entirely feasible. The Automobile Club has assumed an impartial attitude
BIG JOB TO BE VOTER
When the California voter comes face to face with his ballot next fall, he will be running a serious risk of brain paralysis. If, however, he does manage to wind through the mazes of that political labyrinth without being tripped up, he will be prepared to win in most any kind of endurance contest.
The unmber of officials to be elected is bad enough. The citizen who makes a just discrimination between all the candidates for county, state and national offices, can feel proud of himself. But if he is also able to truthfully declare he finished the job satisfactorily, he will find himself in very scarce company.
For a stupendous task faces the voters of California in marking the 1914 ballot. The other day we received from Secretary of State Jordan a pamphlet entitled: "Titles of Amendments, Bonding Acts, Referendum and Initiative Measures to Be Submitted to the Voters of the State of California at a General Election to Be Held November 3, 1914." Investigation shows that in this list are no less than 22 constitutional amendments, four bonding acts, five referendum and six initiative measures—36 distinct proposition in all to vote "no" or "yes" upon.
The constitutional amendments deal with a wide variety of matters, concerning which the average voter knows little and is too busy making a living to learn more. For example, some of the titles picked out at random are as follows: Providing for extra sessions of the court of appeals; relating to the exemption from taxation of certain vessels engaged in commerce; relating to the elections; relating to charters of counties; relating to revenue and taxation; relating to irrigation districts; relating to a convention to revise the constitution. In fact, almost every subject under the sun must have some relation in the bunch.
And then the referendum and initiative measures themselves are not to be lightly passed over. They include such measures as the redlight abatement act, the blue sky law, the water com...
Which is the best way to reach Mecca, Thermal, Brawley, El Centro, shall we go by way of San Diego or by way of Banning and Palm Springs, the motorists are asking. Some are driven by business necessity to the valley regions, and others, anxious to observe the opening of a new territory, desire to make a pleasure tour of the trip.
It is a land-voyage, according to Frank Jordan, that requires plenty of water in the radiators, but either route is entirely feasible. The Automobile Club has assumed an impartial attitude toward all transcontinental highways, and the report made on the section of the great ocean-to-ocean highway followed between San Bernardino and Brawley by way of Thermal and Coachella is unbiased.
“There is no question about the great demand for road information bearing on the highways of the Imperial and Coachella,” said Mr. Jordan. “In the first place the Auto Club is announcing that both routes to El Centro and Imperial are open, but that the road from San Diego over the famous Mountain Springs grade is at the present time in better condition than the road across the desert from Mecca.
“However, we have been assured that the ocean-to-ocean highway people are going to improve and oil the latter route, which will make the going much easier. Any difficulty found on the run now is not from an impossible location of the road, but from the sand which must first be packed to avoid giving the necessity for low and second gear work.
“From Los Angeles to San Diego either the coast or valley roads are now in good condition. From San Diego through Campo to the bottom of the Mountain Springs grade the road is excellent. Information on this part of the road may be obtained at the Auto Club headquarters in San Diego, and from the club signs en route. From the bottom of the grade to Coyote wells, for a distance of about six miles, there is a little sand, but it is not at all difficult. Into El Centro they have made a good road.
“We left Brawley at 10 o’clock in the morning and reached Thermal, over the route of the ocean-to-ocean highway for a distance of 76 miles, at about 6, making the run approximately six hours. The road from Brawley to within two miles of Soda Springs is now in good condition, with the exception of small cross washes. From Soda Springs to San Felipe wash the highway is fair. From San Felipe wash into “Fig Tree John’s” it is not in good condition and here the hardest going is found.
“From the latter watering hole the road is all right. There will be found some sand in places, but it is being traveled every day. From Los Angeles east along the routes of the valley or foothill boulevard it is feasible for motorists to reach Thermal, Mecca or Coachella by way of San Bernardino, Redlands and Banning.
“From the south of Los Angeles it is a matter of choice whether the automoblist wishes to tour to Imperial by way of San Diego or by Banning. The motorist can avoid low gear work
The California State Civil Service Commission announces that applications for employment as locomotive engineers and locomotive firemen on the Belt railroad operated by the State Harbor Commission of San Francisco will be received at the office of the State Civil Service Commission, State Capitol, Sacramento, on or before April 25, 1914. The salary of a fireman is $90 per month, that of an engineer $120.
The Board of State Harbor Commissioners has charge of the water front and docks of the city of San Francisco, and keeps several hundred employees upon its pay roll. San Francisco’s commerce with the world is vitally affected by the condition of its docking facilities and the means provided by the Belt railroad for the transportation of goods between the various docks, and between the docks and the warehouses situated along the line of the railroad. The Board of State Harbor Commissioners occupies a most important position as an aid to the development of the trade of San Francisco and the State of California.
Candidates will be examined in physical ability, training, experience and fitness, but no educational test will be given.
Application forms and further information may be obtained from the State Civil Service Commission at Sacramento.
Persons desiring to enter this examination must file completed applications not later than the hour of closing of business on April 25, 1914.
And then referendum and initiative measures themselves are not to be lightly passed over. They include such measures as the redlight abatement act, the blue sky law, the water commission bill, statewide prohibition, abolition of the poll tax, a universal eight-hour law, relating to the sale of wild game and several more of equal importance.
The system of direct legislation is on trial in California. It is developing a number of defects which must be remedied if the whole system is not to be thrown on the ashpile as an unwieldy and unworkable basis for political action. Certainly, no one can say that it is the part of wisdom or makes for good legislation to litter up the ballot as it is littered up this year.
If the system of direct legislation is to be retained, a limit should be placed on the number of propositions thus to be presented to the people. The next Legislature must take some action to prevent a repetition of the present medley out of which it is almost impossible for any man or woman to pick the harmonious and melodious strains.
RAILROAD MEN TO BE EXAMINED
The California State Civil Service Commission announces that applications for employment as locomotive engineers and locomotive firemen on the Belt railroad operated by the State Harbor Commission of San Francisco will be received at the office of the State Civil Service Commission, State Capitol, Sacramento, on or before April 25, 1914. The salary of a fireman is $90 per month, that of an engineer $120.
The Board of State Harbor Commissioners has charge of the water front and docks of the city of San Francisco, and keeps several hundred employees upon its pay roll. San Francisco’s commerce with the world is vitually affected by the condition of its docking facilities and the means provided by the Belt railroad for the transportation of goods between the various docks, and between the docks and the warehouses situated along the line of the railroad. The Board of State Harbor Commissioners occupies a most important position as an aid to the development of the trade of San Francisco and the State of California.
Candidates will be examined in physical ability, training, experience and fitness, but no educational test will be given.
Application forms and further information may be obtained from the State Civil Service Commission at Sacramento.
Persons desiring to enter this examination must file completed applications not later than the hour of closing of business on April 25, 1914.
From the latter watering hole the road is all right. There will be found some sand in places, but it is being traveled every day. From Los Angeles east along the routes of the valley or foothill boulevard it is feasible for motorists to reach Thermal, Mecca or Coachella by way of San Bernardino, Redlands and Banning.
"From the south of Los Angeles it is a matter of choice whether the automobile wishes to tour to Imperial by way of San Diego or by Banning. The motorist can avoid low gear work in reaching Brawley by way of San Diego.
On the other route it is well to bear in mind that plenty of water should be carried against emergencies, as the holes are hard to locate. Detailed information on both routes is now being furnished from the Auto Club headquarters at Eighth and Olive streets in Los Angeles."
SOUND ECONOMIC POLICY
The profit to railorads of safety will be urged upon the Interstate Commerce Commission as result of a wreck near Chicago which the coroner's jury decided was due to the lack of automatic block signal equipment. The jury's recommendation was that the case be sent to Washington as bearing upon proposals that stock dividends be withheld until the safety equipment had been paid for that would add nearly 2 per cent upon all railroad stocks and bonds outstanding annually. The figures compiled from reports of the commission show the following:
Transportation—Injuries to persons, $15,000,000; damage to freight, $25,-000,000; damage to property,$2,000,000; clearing wrecks, $4,000,000. Maintenance of equipment (above depreciation): Freight car renewals, $7,000,000; freight car repairs, $95,000,000; passenger car repairs and renewals, $23,-000,000; locomotive repairs,$80,000,000, making a total of $251,000,000. The cost of interruption to traffic is estimated by railroad men to be $150,000,-000 to $200,000,000 more. Taking the total wreck cost at $300,000,000, that amount is the waste per year that is charged in the rates for freight and passengers.
Born, on Tuesday, March 24, to Mr. and Mrs B. Hartfield, a daughter.
THE STATE NEEDS MORE ENGINEERING DRAFTSMEN
The number of eligibles on the list of the State Civil Service Commission being insufficient, the commission announces another examination for the position of engineering draftsman in the service of the state to be held in Sacramento, San Francisco and Los Angeles on May 8 and 9, 1914. The entrance salaries are from $1,200 to $1,-800 per annum.
The State Highway Commission and other engineering departments of the state offer good openings and valuable experience to properly qualified men, and all who meet the requirements are urged to enter this examination.
Application forms and further information may be obtained from the State Civil Service Commission, State Capitol, Sacramento.
Persons desiring to enter this examination must file completed applications with the commission not later than 12 M. on May 2, 1914.
J. S. Bigham and family this week moved to Los Angeles where they will in future reside. Mr. Bigham was formerly in the real estate business here, but for the past year has been conducting a billiard parlor at 319 West Third street, Los Angeles. He finds it more convenient to reside there, and this week removed his family to the Angelic city. He will be pleased to meet all his old-time friends at his new place of business.
The total registration of Orange county, to March 28, is 14,291, as follows: Republicans, 5,842; Progressive, 2,353; Democrat, 3,045; Prohibition, 1,080; Socialist, 598; Declines, 1,305; Independent, 67; Federation, 1.
WANTED
WANTED—A chance to demonstrate the following line of used cars to you: One 1913 Hupmobile 32, six passenger and fully equipped; one 1913 Ford, 5 passenger, will pay difference on larger car; one 2-passenger Studebaker 30, like new; one 5-passenger Auburn 30; two 5-passenger Reos; one 5-passenger Carter-car; one 4-passenger Buick 20; one 5-passenger Overland 30; one Ford delivery car; one 5-passenger Jackson; one Brush runabout. The above cars can be seen at the Guarantee Garage, Second and Bush streets, Santa Ana, or phone for demonstration.
OWNERS OF REAL ESTATE—If you really want to sell, we solicit a listing of your property. Post card to us will bring a description blank. We will then send man to make thorough investigation, take photographs, etc. We have cash buyers NOW for Orange County lands and groves. NEWBURY, DEEBLE & NEWBURY, corner Ocean and Locust, Long Beach, Cal. Sunset 1252, Home 1655.
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J. Maganyas was found guilty of breaking into the barn of A. A. Mills, in Justice Cox's court Friday and taking therefrom two horses which Mills had found grazing in his alfalfa fields. The horses had feed, and Mills was naturally incensed at this trespass. He locked the nags up in his barn, and the owner of the animals took them by forcing the door. Maganyas was fined $15, which the judge deducted from the $25 which had been deposited with him as bail.