anaheim-gazette 1913-02-20

CROWN GALL TO BE KEPT FROM ORCHARDS PREVALENCE IN EUROPE AND IN THE EAST—WARFARE AGAINST ITS FURTHER SPREAD AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE ISSUES REPORT UPON ITS CAUSE AND INFECTIOUSNESS Results of experimental work done at the Southern California Pathological Laboratory at Whittier regarding cause and effects of crown gall in trees and plants are made the basis of a report by the College of Agriculture upon the subject, a copy of which has just been received at this office. The report is by Prof. Clayton O. Smith, and will be found to be of widespread interest as showing efforts making to keep from California groves this disease which is prevalent in many parts of the world: "The crown gall or root-knot has been long known in Europe, the United States and Canada, and is probably world-wide in its distribution. Just when the first published account of it was printed we do not know, although it was probably 50 to 75 years ago. There is no uniformity of opinion among plant pathologists as to where this disease originated. Some authorities say it came from China or some country of Asia. From our own observations, however," proceeds the circular, "it seems to be without question native to many of the soils of our country, and this appears to be especially true of California, since there are numerous instances of the occurrence of crown gall in nurseries on land where trees have never been grown on different parts of plants and are due to several different causes. The one we are considering is not due to any form of insect and is distinct from what is known as the knot of the olive, although its external characteristics are very similar. These galls or knots are more or less spherical, somewhat convoluted outgrowths, and usually of rather soft, spongy tissue, although this may eventually become hard. They usually occur on the stem and main root, just below the surface of the soil. From year to year under favorable conditions they increase in size and may form large excrecences. However, decay usually takes place and the gall rots. This decay may then infect the tree and be the cause of its death. Galls also occur to some extent on the secondary roots, even at some distance from the crown of the tree. "The disease takes its name from the knots or galls produced and is variably called in literature Root Knot, Crown Gall, Black Knot or Tumors. "Natural knots have been found on a great variety of plants. The following list, while not supposed to be complete, will at least show the wide range of plants subject to this trouble: Peach, apricot, almond, prune, plum, apple, pear, quince, English walnut, grape, raspberry, loganberry, cherry, poplar, chestnut, pecan, California black walnut, Eastern black walnut, wild clematis, marguerite or Paris daisy, honeysuckle, Arbutus unedo, cotton, alfalfa, beet, willow, hop, red clover, peony. "There is now abundant proof that these knots are caused by a bacterial organism that enters the tissue through some injury, or possibly at the point where the cotyledons of such seeds as those of the stone fruits are attached to the young plant. In eucalyptus seedlings the natural knots often appear opposite each other where the cotyledons have previously been attached, also the quince knots appear first at the node about the old leaf scar. All the evidence we have..." Crown gall was first extensively studied by J. W. Toumey, who at that time was associated with the Arizona experiment station. He showed the pathogenic nature of the disease by inoculating soil with minced galls. He made cultures from the affected tissue and isolated a low form of plant known as a myxomycete or slime-mold. The number of his inoculations was not sufficient to be very conclusive, and subsequent work has shown the disease to be due to a species of bacterium. In 1897 Cavara, an Italian investigator, made cultures from knots of grapes, and succeeded in isolating a species of bacterium that produced knots from his artificial inoculations on two varieties of European grapes. His study and description of the organism, so far as they went, leave little doubt that he had found the true cause of the trouble. In 1903, Dr. George G. Hedgcock, while studying the knot of the grape, isolated a bacterial organism producing a white colony, but lost the cultures. In 1904 he again isolated several kinds of organisms from grape galls; one of these was similar to the one of 1903 and produced knots when puncture inoculations were made in grapes. Dr. E. F. Smith and Dr. C. O. Townsend, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, from 1904 to 1906 gave some attention to the study of gall on the Paris daisy, and were successful in isolating a pathogenic bacterial organism with which they could produce the gall at will, if given certain favorable conditions of plant life. The organism was called by them bacterium tumefaciens. Much subsequent work has been done by Dr. Smith and his associates, showing that this organism is capable of causing knots on a great number of different host plants. This same organism has also been isolated from galls found on quite a number of different plants. Plant pathologists have been very slow in attempting a thorough investigation of this disease until within re- "There is now abundant proof that these knots are caused by a bacterial organism that enters the tissue through some injury, or possibly at the point where the cotyledons of such seeds as those of the stone fruits are attached to the young plant. In eucalyptus seedlings the natural knots often appear opposite each other where the cotyledons have previously been attached, also the quince knots appear first at the node about the old leaf scar. All the evidence we have goes to show that some injury or weakness is necessary for infection to take place. This disease is extremely common in the nurseries of California. Peach rootstock is largely used, as the pits are easily and cheaply secured from the canneries and the root is well adapted to the various stone-fruit trees. The amount of disease varies from year to year, being sometimes as great as 75 per cent. This means a considerable loss to the nurseryman and also to the buyer, if the nurseryman is not careful to cull out affected trees. Buyers of nursery stock cannot be too careful in inspecting their trees before planting, and should rigidly live up to the rule of never planting a tree that shows any signs of small or large knots. There are many almond, peach and prune orchards that today are unprofitable because of this disease. It is impossible to give any estimate in money of the loss due to it but judging from the numerous inquiries and the correspondence on the subject it must be considerable." YOUNG MEN'S SERVICE At the Presbyterian Church Next Sunday Evening The Sunday evening service at the Presbyterian church will be conducted by some of the young men. Walter Ross will preside. Following is the order of service: Voluntary, hymn, Scriptures, prayer, flute solo, Wayne Goble, Howard Krause; "Things that make up the best character," Raymond Elliott; "Ways the church has helped me," male quartet; "The standing of a Christian college man," Robert McAulay; notices and offering, hymn. In the morning the pastor will give the third sermon of the series on the general theme, "Christ and the Facts of Human Experience," subject 3, "Christ and Work." A very cordial invitation is extended to you to attend all services of the church. SENT BACK TO JAIL Several months ago M. Moreno was committed to the county jail upon clover, peony. Such of the little were grown at the experimental farm for several years, although last year's loss was frost of a month ago solutely to destroy the station at Riverside to the study of science methods. Dr. Webber lands on Saturday and spread destruction on recent cold weather made application for point of the new station, but it is autumn that Dr. Webber wrote that Dr. Webber wrote that experiment station frost-ridden as the new station. Dr. Webber was in this section, and evidences of frost locality visited on California trip. He will much to say regard of the new experience while he will say mention upon the point of men closely in touch he will favor this site the new station course, upon selection site in the frostless water supply is placed One essential factor experiment station must be of first-class ing was said to that several sites experimental station will be taken up with sociates later. Dr. Webber foundences of frost that visited by him on his frost conditions sections, he said: "California has no courage because caused by the free suffers from similar tations. Peaches are frequently injured and trees are occasional." "In Nebraska, Missouri, the heart droughts and hot damage the crops, cases may entirely." "Oranges and lea by freezes in practice where they are given as in Italy, Sicily Louisiana and Florida were freezes are occurred in 1828, 1829." will, if given certain favorable conditions of plant life. The organism was called by them bacterium tumefaciens. Much subsequent work has been done by Dr. Smith and his associates, showing that this organism is capable of causing knots on a great number of different host plants. This same organism has also been isolated from galls found on quite a number of different plants. Plant pathologists have been very slow in attempting a thorough investigation of this disease until within recent years, and this may be readily accounted for because of the following reasons: (1) Professor Toumey published quite a complete paper on the subject, and this would naturally discourage an investigator from repeating his work. (2) The seeming hopelessness of finding a successful method of preventing the disease would cause workers to study first those diseases that could be more easily controlled. (3) The early workers in the field of plant pathology were mycologists rather than bacteriologists and would, from choice, study the fungous diseases. (4) In the diseased gall tissue, comparatively few bacteria are present and the microscope does not conclusively demonstrate the cause of the trouble under ordinary histological methods. "The disease is common in every state and territory of the United States; it is found in Canada, South America, South Africa and countries of Europe and Asia. In other words, the disease is nearly universal in its distribution and almost omnivorous as to its choice of a host. Galls or knots are known to occur helped me, male quartet," Robert McAulay; notices and offering, hymn. In the morning the pastor will give the third sermon of the series on the general theme, "Christ and the Facts of Human Experience," subject 3, "Christ and Work." A very cordial invitation is extended to you to attend all services of the church. SENT BACK TO JAIL Several months ago M. Moreno was committed to the county jail upon conviction of misdemeanor in Anaheim. While in the county bastile he succeeded in making his escape and for several weeks he enjoyed liberty. He was finally picked up by the police and taken back to jail to finish his sentence of six months. His term of imprisonment expired Monday, and just as soon as he was outside the jail door he was again taken into custody on the charge of unlawfully breaking out of jail, which is a misdemeanor. Justice Cox sentenced him to spend another 30 days in prison. Moreno is sure out of luck. ROAD BONDS APPROVED The good roads bonds for $1,270,000 have been approved by Attorney Dillon of New York, to whom they were submitted for examination, and he has wired the purchasers, who have in turn informed County Clerk Williams, that the bonds are all right. The purchasers of the bonds are N. W. Halsey & Co., Torrance-Marshall & Co., and E. H. Rollins & Sons. Owned by Southern California people. The Home Telephone Company. "In Nebraska, Missouri, the heart droughts and hot damage the crops, cases may entirely." "Oranges and leafless freezes in practice where they are grown as in Italy, Sicily, Louisiana and Florida were freezes are curred in 1828, 1829, 1884, 1886 and 1887 freeze almost ever was killed to the frozen back, causes $75,000,000, and yet profitable in Florida dustry. "The 1886 freezes about of the same present freeze in Florida produced larger crop of fruiting year. Oranges, damaged several of last year, were this year. Many growers judge judgment of skill using the sound fruit very accurate means of making a segregation yet." "This is a question just now, officers are consideration of injured Following the great..." WEBBER TALKS ON FROZEN ORANGES VISITS MANY SECTIONS WHERE CITRUS TREES WERE RUINED IN RECENT FREEZE HOLDS OPTIMISTIC VIEWS OF SUCCESS OF GROWING ORANGES DESPITE COLD WEATHER Dr. Herbert John Webber, who is in charge of the citrus experiment station of the University of California, was in the city on Tuesday afternoon, accompanied by Dr. Hunt, dean of the college of agriculture at Berkeley, and other scientists who toured the citrus growing districts of Southern California in a special train run by the Southern Pacific Company. Dr. Webber will be in charge of the proposed Southern California citrus experiment station, which local enthusiasts hope will be located in or near this city. He has been at Riverside for several weeks past, and as a result of last month's killing frosts in that section, has determined to close the experiment station at that point. This step was foreshadowed a year ago last November, when a killing frost destroyed trees at the station at that place. Such of the little nursery trees as were grown at the station upon which experimentation had been carried on for several years, as were brought through last year's freeze, were saved only by application of fires. While last year's loss was heavy, the killing frost of a month ago was such as absolutely to destroy the usefulness of the station at Riverside as an adjunct to the study of scientific agricultural methods. Dr. Webber was at Redwoods. in 1894 and 1895, when all fruit was frozen, the people for two months vied with each other to see how many oranges they could eat before the fruit became fermented and spoiled. Never probably in the history of any people were more oranges consumed per capita in the same time; everyone ate without stint and yet on careful inquiry, no disease or injury was found to be produced. "Following the freeze of 1894 and 1895, in Florida, this was one of the questions most frequently asked by growers, and many policies were followed. A careful study of the results made at the time showed conclusively that when trees were pruned immediately following the freeze nothing was gained, and in all cases a second and frequently third pruning was necessary." WITHDRAWING LANDS FROM PUBLIC ENTRY Uncle Sam Files Suit Against Many Individuals and Corporations Suit against 50 individuals and corporate defendants, including the Standard Oil Company, involving the right of the President of the United States to withdraw certain lands from public entry under the mineral land laws, was filed in the United States district court some days ago for the Federal government by Attorney General Wickersham and United States District Attorney McCormick. While, it is understood, the result of the suit will determine legality of land withdrawals by the President, obviate the status of all Southern California oil lands on which mineral claims have been made following the first proclamation of the President, and ascertain legality of ownership of oil lands in Montana and Idaho the specific case cited for the test deals with 160 acres of Kern county land, valued at approximately $800,000. trees at the station at that place. Such of the little nursery trees as were grown at the station upon which experimentation had been carried on for several years, as were brought through last year's freeze, were saved only by application of fires. While last year's loss was heavy, the killing frost of a month ago was such as absolutely to destroy the usefulness of the station at Riverside as an adjunct to the study of scientific agricultural methods. Dr. Webber was at Redlands on Saturday and saw the widespread destruction of citrus groves by recent cold weather. Redlands has made application for location at that point of the new citrus experiment station, but it is authoritatively stated that Dr. Webber will oppose placing the experiment station in a locality so frost-ridden as the Redlands country. Dr. Webber was greatly interested in this section, and here noted less evidences of frost than in any other locality visited on his Southern California trip. He will undoubtedly have much to say regarding the location of the new experiment station, and while he will say nothing for publication upon the point, it is the opinion of men closely in touch with him that he will favor this section as a site for the new station. This depends, of course, upon selection of a suitable site in the frostless belt where the water supply is plentiful and cheap. One essential factor in locating the experiment station is that ground must be of first-class character. Nothing was said to the doctor regarding the several sites offered for the experimental station, but these matters will be taken up with him and his associates later. Dr. Webber found here less evidences of frost than in any section visited by him on his trip. In speaking of frost conditions prevailing in other sections, he said: "California has no reason to be discouraged because of the damage caused by the freeze. Every industry suffers from similar occasional devastations. Peaches and apples are frequently injured and even here large trees are occasionally killed. "In Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, the heart of the corn belt, droughts and hot winds occasionally damage the crops, and in exceptional cases may entirely destroy a crop. "Oranges and lemons are damaged by freezes in practically all countries where they are grown commercially, as in Italy, Sicily, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana and Florida. In Florida severe freezes are known to have occurred in 1828, 1835, 1850, 1857, 1880, States District Attorney McCormick. While, it is understood, the result of the suit will determine legality of land withdrawals by the President, obviate the status of all Southern California oil lands on which mineral claims have been made following the first proclamation of the Pesident, and ascertain legality of ownership of oil lands in Montana and Idaho the specific case cited for the test deals with 160 acres of Kern county land, valued at approximately $800,000. President Taft, in the absence of specific authorization of Congress, withdrew certain Kern county lands September 27, 1909, including those involved in the suit, from entry. The government asserts he had authority to do this despite lack of specific congressional authorization. The defendants deny his power. Defendants in the action are: Midway Northern Oil Company, Los Angeles - McKittrick Oil Company, Consolidated Midway Oil Company, National Pacific Oil Company, Maricopa Northern Oil Company, The Thirty-two Land Company, General Petroleum Company, Standard Oil Company, Tarr & McComb, Inc., Layne & Bowler Company of California, Title Insurance and Trust Company, Maricopa Consolidated Oil Company, Southern Investment Company, El Dora Oil Company, King Lumber Company, Sesame Oil Company, Mary F. Francis, L. W. Lowell, James Bloom, Wm. S. Kimball, Harry V. Massena, Arthur Whitfield, Maude Whitfield, James E. Stone, John V. Hoffman, M. E. Hoffman, Edward Fox, Charles A. Son, David S. Bachman, William R. Dunn, T. J. Green, M. P. Waite, Anna M. Waite, J. M. Danzinger, Daisy C. Danzinger, A. L. Weil, A. B. Coulson, Florence G. Well, E. A. Wiltsee, G. G. Gillette, Sydney Smith, J. R. McKinnie, Orra E. Monnette, M. J. Monette, R. P. Davie, Julius Fried, Parker Barrett, Oma Barrett, J. M. Dunn and Lena Dunn. It is alleged in the government bill no discovery of oil was made on the land prior to July 6, 1910, and that no valid location or entry of the land was made prior to September 27, 1909, that the claims of the defendants are based on placer mining claims, having for their object development of the land for oil alone; no work of exploration was made in good faith prior to March 6, 1910, and that at the time the land was withdrawn by the President none of the defendants was engaged in developing the oil. After the President withdrew the land Congress July 2 1910 ratified mitted trespass and waste to the injury of the government. An agreement purporting to settle conflicting claims and by which the Maricopa Northern Oil Company, National Pacific Oil Company, Midway Northern Oil Company, and Consolidated Midway Oil Company were given full possession of the whole tract with rights to develop the land and extract the oil is declared to have been entered into in May 1911. An accounting is asked of all oil taken since the "pretended entry" went into effect and for appointment of a receiver to take possession of the property, with authority to continue production and sale of petroleum and other minerals. TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN Notice is hereby given that my wife, Ella Tate, having left my bed and board without just cause or provocation on my part, I will not be responsible for any debts contracted by her. Dated this 17th day of Feb., 1913. (2-20-2) KENNETH TATE. NOTICE OF ASSESSMENT American Orr Concrete Pole Company, a corporation with its principal place of business located in the City of Anaheim, County of Orange State of California. Notice is hereby given that at a meeting of the directors, held on the 17th day of February, 1913, an assessment of twenty cents (20c) per share was levied upon the capital stock of the corporation, payable immediately in gold coin of the United States, to the secretary; at the office of the company, No. 229 North Lemon street, City of Anaheim, California. Any stock upon which this assessment shall remain unpaid on the 20th day of March, 1913 will be delinquent,and advertised for sale at public auction,and unless payment is made beforewill be sold on the 5th day of April，1913，to pay the delinquent assessment,together with costs of advertising and expenses of sale. GEO.W.TERRY.Secretary. 229 North Lemon Street, (2-20-4) City of Anaheim，California。 In Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, the heart of the corn belt, droughts and hot winds occasionally damage the crops, and in exceptional cases may entirely destroy a crop. Oranges and lemons are damaged by freezes in practically all countries where they are grown commercially, as in Italy, Sicily, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana and Florida. In Florida severe freezes are known to have occurred in 1828, 1835, 1850, 1857, 1880, 1884, 1886 and 1894-5. In the 1894 freeze almost every tree in the State was killed to the ground or severely frozen back, causing a loss of about $75,000,000, and yet citrus culture is profitable in Florida and a staple industry. The 1886 freeze in Florida was about of the same severity as the present freeze in California, and yet Florida produced the next year a larger crop of fruit than in any preceding year. Orange trees in California, damaged severely in the freeze of last year, were loaded with fruit this year. Many growers depend upon the judgment of skilled men in segregating the sound fruit, but this is not a very accurate method. The method of making a segregation by use of alcohol, which has been used to some extent, is recommended as more accurate and the best means of making a segregation yet devised. This is a question of vital importance just now, as so many health officers are considering the condemnation of injured fruit on this basis. Following the great freeze of Florida Orangethorpe Nurseries Half Mile west of Spadra Road on Orangethorpe Ave. B. F. PORTER, Proprietor WALNUT TREES FOR SALE Eurekas, Weres & Neff Prolifics grafted on Black Walnut root CALL AT NURSERY FOR PRICES Sunset 225 J Phones: Home 264 80 an ACRE Land Cleared and Ditched including FREE PRO RATA OWNERSHIP Water Rights Canal & Irrigation System WHY PAY MORE And Get Less. YOU can't buy land for $1,000 an acre any better than the land we are selling for only $80 an acre, all cleared and ditched ready for cultivation. $90 an acre for land with the crop now growing on it. And remember that these prices include free pro rata ownership in all the water rights, canal and irrigation system now in operation. We are not charging people $1 an acre to "Jocate" them on raw brush desert land way out in the wilderness where no water is available. We are selling land right on the railroad, near Phoenix, Arizona, where great big heads of over a thousand inches of water irrigate our beautiful green fields for over half a mile without a check. We are selling land that you can move on to right now and go to making money, and when we sell you land you get your money's worth. We are the pioneer sellers of bona fide irrigated Arizona lands and do not wish to be confused with the irresponsible "locators" who are trading on our reputation and are locating unsuspecting people, ignorant of Arizona conditions on land where water is not available. All we ask is an opportunity to take you on one of our cheap excursions and let you see for yourself. Take advantage of our Trustee's Sale to secure land at about its REAL VALUE. Call at our offices or Write for ILLUSTRATED Booklets. Arizona Irrigated Land Co. 31-2-3 Central B'ld6, Los Angeles Pianos! Pianos! C. T. WEBBER FOR the next thirty days I will make special prices and terms on Pianos and Player Pianos. I take old Pianos in exchange for Player Pianos. Call in and inspect my goods. I will guarantee to save you One Hundred Dollars over Los Angeles prices. “Deal with the Home Dealer.” My stock is first-class. I also have a first-class tuner. You can leave orders for your piano to be tuned, price $2.50. I carry a full line of Sewing Machines and Supplies. 307 W. Center street, ANAHEIM West of Jansen's Bakery, Casson Building Again We Say to the Public “As Good as the Best” “Excelled by None” Again We Say to the Public "As Good as the Best" "Excelled by None" The Cameron Car F. B. TUFFREE of Placentia is vitally Interested Agent for Orange and Riverside Counties Free Water for Irrigation Own your own irrigation system and be independent. Insure your crops by having plenty of water at all times. Use all the water you want as often as you want it. Drill your own wells on your own land and secure plenty of water free of charge all the time. The famous Howell Well-Drilling Machines are made in all sizes suitable for drilling any size well to any depth. You can also make big money drilling wells for your neighbors. The demand for wells is far greater than can be supplied by the machines now at work. Write today for our big free catalogue "A." R.R.Howell&Co. 197 East Los Angeles MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS: MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.