anaheim-gazette 1913-01-02

HOW THE INDIANS HUNTED, FISHED AND ATE PRE-HISTORIC CALIFORNIA TRIBE IS ALMOST ON VERGE OF EXTINCTION ONLY FORTY-ONE REMAIN OUT OF THE THOUSANDS LIVING A CENTURY AGO (Contributed to the Gazette.) The civilization and the language of the Salinan Indians, a people now almost on the verge of extinction, have been rescued from oblivion by the University of California, through the work of J. Alden Mason, recently University Fellow in Anthropology, and now in Mexico as Fellow of the International School of American Archaeology. Of the Salinan Indians, a century ago numbered by the thousand, only 41 remain alive today. Of these, only 29 can speak their ancestral language. Nowhere else in the world is there any living being who can speak Salinan, a tongue wholly unrelated to any other living speech, and as different from the 19 other Indian language stocks of California or from any other language in the world as English is from Hebrew or Chinese. These few survivors of a vanishing race live for the most part in the neighborhood of Jolon; in Monterey county. Their ancient seats were thereabouts, in the Salinas River Valley and in the mountains on either under Portola, which discovered San Francisco bay. There were at that time some thirty villages of the Salinan Indians. Their society was much less democratic than that of the Plains Indians or those of the eastern woodlands. There was little warfare among the California Indians, and their wealth was greater than that of any of the aboriginal inhabitants of North America, save those of British Columbia and Alaska. Their money consisted of beads, of which the blue were the most valuable, red next, and white least. One particular sort of bead, made probably from the columella of a certain shell, was so rare and precious that the possession of two was sufficient to make a man wealthy. The houses were roofed and walled with tule. To set up housekeeping was simple, for mutual agreement was sufficient for either marriage or divorce. Once married, communication with the parents-in-law was very much restricted. The head man of a rancheria was apt to have two or three or more wives. If a woman was left a widow it was the duty of her male relatives to find a new husband for her within a reasonable time. The dead, it was understood, had journeyed to a distant island in the midst of the ocean, and in due time would be born again. Men believed in a previous, as well as in a future, life. It was customary for a distinguished citizen to be cremated. When a man died his house was immediately burned down and his possessions were piled together around a pole. His neighbors were permitted to try to snatch objects from this pile of treasures. If he who did so could make the circle of the village thrice without being overtaken by the relatives of the dead man, the booty was his, otherwise it must be returned to the heap and be consumed in the fire which would then be lighted. While warfare was infrequent, there efforts, the diving duck up any earth from the sea. Then Eagle put on the back of Kingfisher ceeded in reaching the sea was so deep that the surface he was earth in the dead Kingfisher made the world all the other animals drowned in the deluge after Kingfisher. Earth brought up by made man, and wo man's ribs. Anxious to hasten the world, Eagle seized more people. The do was to bring a Eagle made a man or bones; but each of them a language all his own there are so many languages in California. PRODUCTION Great Output of Man During Park The total production in the United States in 282,094 tons, valued at the volume of "Milk" published by the Universal Survey, is a short McCaskey that contains in which for the sake the production of all to short tons. Thus production from both ported ores of 26,000 valued at $327,334,600 with platinum, the price was less than a ton at $1,308,480, and go tion of 190.704 tons 981,080. In the several various units are co living being who can speak Salinan, a tongue wholly unrelated to any other living speech, and as different from the 19 other Indian language stocks of California or from any other language in the world as English is from Hebrew or Chinese. These few survivors of a vanishing race live for the most part in the neighborhood of Jolon, in Monterey county. Their ancient seats were thereabouts, in the Salinas River Valley and in the mountains on either hand, in San Luis Obispo county and the southern portions of Monterey and San Benito. Dr. Mason’s account of them, “The Ethnology of the Salinan Indians,” has just been published as part of the tenth volume of the University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, edited by Professor Alfred L. Kroeber. The university will publish later Dr. Mason’s accounts of the grammar and the vocabulary of the Salinan language. Dr. Mason is one of a number of men who have been trained by the University of California for professional careers in American anthropology and ethnology. It is an interesting fact that good positions in this field with universities, museums, government bureaus, etc., are far more numerous than the supply of trained men. Agriculture was wholly unknown to the Salinans, as to all the other aboriginal inhabitants of California. Living by hunting and fishing and upon wild products of the earth, the Salinan Indians included in their bill of fare a vast variety of native foods which the present inhabitants of California allow to go to waste. Rattlesnakes and other serpents, roasted in the ashes, were favorite tidbits at the feasts of the Salinan Indians. Other delicacies were lizards, toads, horned lizards, ground squirrels, chipmunks, rats, mice, the owl, the eagle, and the hawk. The skunk they did refrain from eating, although its flesh was much relished by the Yokuts and other California peoples. One dainty not familiar to modern palates was the larvae of the yellowjacket, toasted over the coals. Among the vegetable foods were a soup made of the seeds of wild oats; clover eaten from the stalk; buckeyes, after the poison had been leached out; acorn mush and bread baked from acorn flour; Christmas berries, seaweed, and tomales made from various seeds. Tobacco was highly esteemed, and deemed to possess semi-magical powers. It was smoked in a pipe made of a straight piece of reed, or mixed with burned abalone shell and chewed, to died his house was immediately burned down and his possessions were piled together around a pole. His neighbors were permitted to try to snatch objects from this pile of treasures. If he who did so could make the circle of the village thrice without being overtaken by the relatives of the dead man, the booty was his, otherwise it must be returned to the heap and be consumed in the fire which would then be lighted. While warfare was infrequent, there was apt to be ill feeling between neighboring peoples. A prisoner would be subjected to torture. Those killed in combat had their heads and arms cut off, that the victor might by this act gain additional valor. The custom was not unknown for the flesh of the slain to be eaten by the parents of the slayer. Warfare, however, was no frequent occupation, and amusements much more commonly engaged in were gambling of various sorts; painting the body with various colored earths as a preparation for ceremonial occasions; and dancing, to the music of a flute or a flageolet of elderwood, to the scraping of a rasp or to the rhythm of rattles, some times made from the rattles of the rattlesnake. Some times the dancers represented the devil and his wife; some times the owl, the deer, or the coyote. If acorns promised to be plentiful, then the people danced the grizzly bear, to the clapping of hands adn much singing of ceremonial songs. Dancing was used among many California Indians as a part of the treatment of illness. All illness was believed to be caused by magic and to be curable by magic. One heroic treatment was to let numbers of red ants bite the part of the body that was affected. Some times the Shaman, or medicine man, would make a cut with a sharp flint at the seat of pain, and would suck vigorously, then spitting out a hsell, a stone, or some other object which he declared to be the cause of the trouble. Bleeding was resorted to as a therapeutic common measure, and the sweatbath, in a little brush-covered hut or in the larger sweathouse or temescal, which was used for this and also for dances, gatherings, and ceremonial events. The jimson-weed was used to make a decoction administered in the initiation ceremony for adolescent boys. This intoxicating brew would enable the initiate to detect witchcraft. Various rites and charms would help him to become a good hunter and a prosperous man. The Salinan Indians were a tall and well-made people, and described by early travelers as affable and friendly. McCaskey that contact in which for the sake of production all alike short tons. Thus production from both ported ores of 26,000 valued at $327,334,600 with platinum, the price was less than a ton at $1,308,480, and gross taxation of 190.704 tons at 981,080. In the several new various units are coated which do not admit oil parison. For instance of anthracite coal is used in producers in long bituminous coal is given Again, the “flask” (the customary unit for oil quicksilver exception is used. The Trane for measuring the prince Another table gives domestic crude oil this; together with its supplies treated in it compared with the metal production shown from which these metals are obtained. The total production was 105,258,492 short tons. Uncle Sam's Engine Valuable In order to determine ties of rivers as a source extent to which it used for irrigation, na useful purposes,the size to measure accurate their flows. For this United States Geological Survey many stream-gaging hydrographic engineers traveling from station termine the flow of these heights of waterods are employed to flow of the rivers. In possible for the entire across the river,droytic current meter even at different depths and to determine almost As the records should out the year many omentments can be made on out a hole in thick grapher wears high ru may come up to his while he may keep di under such conditions cold. For measuring trolleys are erected at Among the vegetable foods were a soup made of the seeds of wild oats; clover eaten from the stalk; buckeyes, after the poison had been leached out; acorn mush and bread baked from acorn flour; Christmas berries, seaweed, and tomales made from various seeds. Tobacco was highly esteemed, and deemed to possess semi-magical powers. It was smoked in a pipe made of a straight piece of reed, or mixed with burned abalone shell and chewed, to produce a desired semi-intoxication. To chew this wild native tobacco was an essential part of successful deer-hunting, for it was well understood that if the hunter would chew tobacco assiduously while approaching the game, this would make the deer drunk and less wary. His head covered with a stuffed deer-head, the hunter would crawl stealthily through the brush to the leeward side of the deer, and some times bring down two or three with bow and arrow before the heard would take flight. Spears were used in fishing, or nets made of milk-weed twine, or some times a lake or stream would be poisoned with the soaproot or the buckeye, and so a plentiful harvest of fish obtained. Save for occasional hunting expeditions or journeys to the sea or to Tulare Lake for fishing, the Salinan Indians dwelt peacefully in their little villages. A council of the older men would select as chief some man notable for his bravery. Some times one man would be overlord over half a dozen villages, all of which would pay him tribute of food, implements, etc. Don Pedro Fages, later governor of California, wrote in 1775 an account of the Indian tribes which he saw when a member of the famous expedition The jimson-weed was used to make a decoction administered in the initiation ceremony for adolescent boys. This intoxicating brew would enable the initiate to detect witchcraft. Various rites and charms would help him to become a good hunter and a prosperous man. The Salinan Indians were a tall and well-made people, and described by early travelers as affable and friendly. In summer the men wore no clothing, or only a breechclout. Moccasins and other covering for the feet were unknown. Pelts, skins, and feathers were used in making garments for cold weather. The California Indians achieved a greater skill in the making of beautiful baskets than any other aboriginal people the world has ever known. The Salinan Indians, like most of the California Indians, never practiced, in aboriginal times, the art of making pottery. From the abalone shell, however, they made jewelry and spoons; from the soaproot, hairbrushes; from the flint, arrows and spear points; and occasionally on the walls of caves they made rude paintings in colored earths. While they believed that the disembodied spirits of the dead still frequented their old haunts, they seem to have had no idea of a supreme being. They believed many inanimate objects to possess superhuman powers. Certain amulets, if held out in the extended hand, would force the thunder to cease. Others would render men invisible, so that they could walk unperceived in the very midst of their enemies. It was the Eagle and the Kingfisher who deserved the credit for the creation of the world. Despite all their also for dances, gatherings, and ceremonial events. The old Lima Bear Association died Saturday at a greater association which will use an emergency policy. Three bear growers from every paddock gathered in Oxnard to the important proceeding meeting of stockholders. Bean Growers' Associations were passed dissolution of the old torney Ferrand then revived as proposed for formation. The new plan was one, instead of the common being used. Members instead of stock. A member called in the afternoon... ANAHEIM GAZETTE efforts, the diving ducks failed to bring up any earth from the bottom of the sea. Then Eagle put a heavy weight on the back of Kingfisher, and he succeeded in reaching the bottom, but the sea was so deep that when he came to the surface he was dead. From the earth in the dead Kingfisher's claws, Eagle made the world, then he revived all the other animals who had been drowned in the deluge. Coyote next after Kingfisher. From some of the earth brought up by Kingfisher, Eagle made man, and woman from one of man's ribs. Anxious to hasten the peopling of the world, Eagle sent Coyote to find more people. The best Coyote could do was to bring a lot of old bones. Eagle made a man out of each of these bones; but each of these bone men had a language all his own, and that is why there are so many different tribes and languages in California. PRODUCTION OF MINERAL Great Output of Mines of Country During Past Year The total production of all metals in the United States in 1911 was 27,878,282,094 tons, valued at $788,925,046. In the volume of "Mineral resources," published by the United States Geological Survey, is a short chapter by H. D. McCaskey that contains a unique table, in which for the sake of comparison the production of all metals is reduced to short tons. Thus pig iron, with a production from both domestic and imported ores of 26,048,162 short tons, valued at $327,334,624, is contrasted with platinum, the production of which was less than a ton (0.999 ton), valued at $1,308,480, and gold, with a production of 190.704 tons, valued at $114,981,080. In the several mining industries various units are commonly employed hundreds of growers approved the new plan. The old board of directors was voted as a temporary directorate to take part in the reorganization work. During the meeting Manager J. M. Waterman sprung something of a surprise by announcing that he intended ceasing to be the manager of the association because of other duties. LARGE SALE OF AUTOS M. W. Skinner Reports Business on the Increase and Booming M. W. Skinner, local agent for the Reo and Apperson cars, reports the following sales since taking the exclusive agency the first of November: Reo the Fifth autos to J. A. Chitty, of Anaheim; A. Johnston, of Placentia; Justus Schneider, of Orangethorpe; F. C. Frause Chas. Eygabroad and F. J. Barnes of this city; and Apperson cars to J. S. Hilend, J. S. Sheridan and John Eells, all of this city. Orders were received after the first of November and practically all deliveries were made in the last 30 days. J. L. Cadman, sales manager of the agency, has a reputation for being a booster of the first order and this record for less than two months' work shows in undeniable manner that he is living up to his reputation. The Reo agency has had quarters fitted up in the Anaheim garage, and now has one of the best sales rooms in the county. Mr. Skinner reports business on the increase, and thinks this to be the best automobile town in Southern California. His recent sales seem to bear out this conclusion and that the agency has several cars of autos on the way to this city shows that he has the faith of his convictions and is looking for a big increase in trade in the new year. NATIONAL ORANGE SHOW McCaskey that contains a unique table, in which for the sake of comparison the production of all metals is reduced to short tons. Thus pig iron, with a production from both domestic and imported ores of 26,048,162 short tons, valued at $327,334,624, is contrasted with platinum, the production of which was less than a ton (0.999 ton), valued at $1,308,480, and gold, with a production of 190.704 tons, valued at $114.981,080. In the several mining industries various units are commonly employed which do not admit of convenient comparison. For instance, the production of anthracite coal is always stated by the producers in long tons, but that of bituminous coal is given in short tons. Again, the "flask" (75 pounds) is the customary unit for the measurement of quicksilver except where the metric ton is used. The Troy ounce is used for measuring the precious metals. Another table gives the production of domestic crude metallic ores, and this, together with imports of foreign supplies treated in domestic plants, compared with the figures of domestic metal production shows the sources from which these metals are derived. The total production of all ores in 1911 was 105,258,492 short tons. MEASURING ICY WATERS Uncle Sam's Engineers Performing Valuable Work In order to determine the possibilities of rivers as a source of power or the extent to which they may be utilized for irrigation, navigation, or other useful purposes, the first necessity is to measure accurately the volume of their flows. For this purpose the United States Geological Survey maintains many stream-gaging stations and its hydrographic engineers are continually traveling from station to station to determine the flow of the rivers at various heights of water. Different methods are employed to get at the exact flow of the rivers. In some places it is possible for the engineer to wade across the river, dropping in his electric current meter every foot or two at different depths and thus being able to determine almost exactly the flow. As the records should be kept throughout the year many of these measurements can be made only after chopping out a hole in thick ice. The hydrographer wears high rubber boots which may come up to his shoulders, but while he may keep dry he is naturally under such conditions apt to get rather cold. For measuring deeper rivers trolleys are erected and small cars run now has one of the best sales rooms in the county. Mr. Skinner reports business on the increase, and thinks this to be the best automobile town in Southern California. His recent sales seem to bear out this conclusion and that the agency has several cars of autos on the way to this city shows that he has the faith of his convictions and is looking for a big increase in trade in the new year. NATIONAL ORANGE SHOW Redwood Bark to Be Largely Used in Decorative Scheme An entire carload of redwood bark will be used in the decorative scheme at the Third National Orange Show to be held in San Bernardino, February 17 to 22. The bark for this purpose, the very finest obtainable, is now being gathered from the giant sequoias in the Santa Cruz mountains. The decorative plan will be the most novel and unique ever attempted in an exposition anywhere. It will be absolutely new and at the same time one of the most beautiful and striking ever used. The rich blood-red color and rustic appearance of the redwood bark contrasted with the golden orange of the fruit with a touch of green added, will form one of the most brilliant color arrangements imaginable—one that is strongly emphasized in beauty by the soft light filtering through the canvas. M. W. MARTENET "The Stove House" by day, or the flooding of the big tents with the electric lights at night. Exhibits at the orange show this year will cover a much wider range than ever before. Displays are already assured from Arizona, and from the California districts, from the Sacramento valley on the north to San Diego county on the south, including many which have not participated in former shows. CITRUS TREES WANTED — 2,000 Washington navel; 500 seedless grapefruit, f.o.b. cars Anaheim; 2 years from bud, not balled; 1,000 Valencias same size. H. H. McNeil, R. F. D. 4, box 66, Anaheim. Sunset Phone 224R4. SUNSET ROUTE The Open Window Way East. Two daily trains to New Orleans leave Los Angeles 3:15 P.M. and 10:15 P.M. Luxuriously furnished sleepers. Dining Car service unexcelled. Through Tourist Sleepers to Chicago, Louisville, Cincinnati, Washington, D. C., and many other points via New Orleans, and to St. Louis via San Antonio. Protected all the way by Automatic Electric Block Signals. East. Two daily trains to New Orleans leave Los Angeles 3:15 P.M. and 10:15 P.M. Luxuriously furnished sleepers. Dining Car service unexcelled. Through Tourist Sleepers to Chicago, Louisville, Cincinnati, Washington, D.C., and many other points via New Orleans, and to St. Louis via San Antonio. Protected all the way by Automatic Electric Block Signals. L. B. VALLA, Commercial Agent Santa Ana. Both Phones C. W. PENDLETON, Anaheim Agent Both Phones Southern Pacific Our New Year's Greeting to one and all is, "that the coming year may be the best one of all the years of your life." If you have been our customer in the past, we know that you are satisfied one, and take this means of thanking you for your patronage. If we have not had the pleasure of your patronage, will you not give us a trial this coming year? The PALACE MARKET WM SCHUMACHER Prop. Thursday, January 2 LONELINESS DISPELLED YOU need never be lonely if you have a Bell Telephone. If you live in the city or in the country, you friends are easily accessible if you use the Bell You can have a neighborly chat at any time. The telephone is a protection for the home. If something unusual happens, you will find the Bell Telephone an ever ready friend. All parts of the country are united by universal Bell service. PACIFIC TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH CO. It’s the Man who believes in the liberal use of PRINTER'S INK that gets the big BUSINESS. The man Who advertises and does it right is the man who wears the happy smile and never says “business is dull.” He’s the fellow That Gets Results. Try it yourself and watch your business grow from day to day. If advertising were not a paying proposition fortunes would not be spent upon it each year. As an advertising medium and one that reaches all the people in Orange County, The “GAZETTE” has them all beaten by a large margin "GAZETTE" has them all beaten by a large margin REDWOOD LATH FOUR FOOT 40c per HUNDRED Gibbs Lumber Company BROADWAY AND VINE STS. ANAHEIM - CALIFORNIA We extend to our friends and patrons best wishes for a Happy and prosperous New Year with hopes for a continuance of their trade at the meat market where a Square Deal is the rule. Schneider Brothers.