anaheim-gazette 1912-03-14

THURSDAY, MARCH 14 TARIFF ON SUGAR To retain the present Tariff Means Competetion vs. Monopoly To Reduce the Present Tariff Means That a Few Men Can Control the Price of Sugar as They now Control the Price of Coffee The Dingley Tariff, enacted in 1897, placed a duty on raw sugar of 1.685c per pound. At that time, there were about 40,000 tons of beet sugar grown and manufactured in the United States. Under this tariff protection, the industry grew so rapidly that within five years the production was 400,000 tons, an increase of one thousand per cent. In 1903, a treaty was made with Cuba giving that country a reduction of twenty per cent in the sugar tariff which made the rate 1.348c per pound. For the succeeding eight years, the beet sugar industry in this country made comparatively little progress, the total production this year being estimated at about 600,000 tons, or only an increase of fifty per cent. The American Sugar Refining company, Arbuckle Bros., and other refining interests, all located on the seaboard, who have absolute control of the sugar refining industry in this country, and also some of the large cane sugar planters in Cuba, are now endeavoring to influence public opinion and are making an effort in congress to bring about a further reduction of this tariff in order to prevent further development of the beet sugar industry. These refining interests import raw sugar from tropical countries and refine it. The refining interests realize that beet sugar is their only competitor. American consumer are lower than in most other countries of the world. If the cane-sugar refiners had no beet sugar competition, the few refining interests could easily arrange to control prices, same as is now being done with coffee which comes in free of duty, but which now costs one hundred per cent more than the average price for the last ten years. Is it, therefore, not better to offer inducements to American capital to invest in the beet sugar industry in the United States than to make it more profitable to invest in the island of Cuba, a foreign country and an alien race? The above information is for the purpose of acquainting the public with the beet sugar industry with the view of getting favorable public opinion to bear on congress to retain the present duty on sugar. Write to your representative in congress to retain the present tariff on sugar, to abrogate the twenty per cent preferential duty to Cuba and thus help to develop one of the most promising industries of the United States. CALIFORNIA'S LEMON CROP 5000 Carloads Estimated as Season's Output San Francisco, March 8.—California’s lemon crop this year will be and large can vary of only certain areas and that they allow of tolerance sensitive and o except to very large trees, for instance affected by mon salt per act grow fairly well amount. Recognizing the Loughridge in a College of Aley, the eucalypt pealed to this ion as to the eucalypt would ing good growth.ly happened that the past fifteen tions regarding vatures, such as fruit trees, etc. ion has been gtus; in fact, th kali in a soil which we were a from the Tulareough search of p er states and co ord of such an oous writers on growing of eucalypt to note the alkali ion. Even at t where quite a n lyptus trees are nation was cons til the question o from growers. We then took ing to ascertain the alkali tolera cies of the tree several directioni the maximum ar seaboard, who have absolute control of the sugar refining industry in this country, and also some of the large cane sugar planters in Cuba, are now endeavoring to influence public opinion and are making an effort in congress to bring about a further reduction of this tariff in order to prevent further development of the beet sugar industry. These refining interests import raw sugar from tropical countries and refine it. The refining interests realize that beet sugar is their only competitor, and they, therefore, wish to throttle the industry. Circulars have been sent out by some of the refining interests containing the misleading and false statements, that the duty was 2c a pound and equivalent to eighty per cent ad valorem. About 90 per cent of our foreign sugar comes from Cuba and pays 1.348c per pound, and which is the effective duty as far as the price of sugar to the consumer is concerned. Taking the average price in the United States paid by the consumer for sugar at 5 1-2 cts. per pound, it is only a simple matter of arithmetic to show that this duty is equivalent to less than thirty-three per cent ad valorem. The refining process is very simple and distributes very little wealth among the American people as compared with the production of beet sugar. For the 600,000 tons of beet sugar now produced, there is paid to the American farmer, workman and supply-man, about $45,000,000, while the distribution for the three million tons of raw sugar imported and refined in this country amounts to approximately only $30,000,000. In other words, for each pound of beet sugar produced in this country, there is distributed seven and one-half times more money among the American people than for each pound of sugar imported and only refined in this country. This means that if the total consumption of sugar in this country—3,600,000 tons—were all grown and manufactured in the United States, the actual distribution among the farmers and workmen would amount to $270,000,000, while if it were all imported and only refined, it would amount to only $36,000,000. There are now seventy beet sugar factories in the United States. It would take over 400 factories to produce the total sugar consumed. Would it not be much better to have this vast sum—$270,000,000—distributed by so many separate interests, widely scattered over the United States than to congress to retain the present tariff on sugar, to abrogate the twenty per cent preferential duty to Cuba and thus help to develop one of the most promising industries of the United States. CALIFORNIA'S LEMON CROP 5000 Carloads Estimated as Season's Output San Francisco, March 8.—California’s lemon crop this year will be one of largest since the culture of that fruit was first inaugurated in this State. At the present time the lemon growers of the state estimate a minimum crop of 5000 carloads. Up to and including the last day of February, 1341 carloads had already been shipped this year and the remainder of the crop will be moved just as quickly as cars can be provided. The usual loss to the lemon crop each year on account of frosts, was very small in this state this season, and some of the growers predict as heavy a season as last year. Since the season of 1906-07, when 3507 carloads of California lemons were shipped east, the output has grown steadily until but very few lemons now have to be imported by this country. During the last five years 26,208 carloads of lemons have been shipped out of California over the lines of the Southern Pacific. The average annual shipment is about 5241 carloads and the minimum estimate of this year's shipment is said to have been placed quite low, especially as last year's business amounted to 6764 carloads; another reason being that the loss to the crop this year on account of frost will be very light. California can supply lemons to every part of the United States and it will not be necessary for the importation of one case of this fruit, is the way members of the California citrus fruit growers exchange express themselves regarding the 1911-12 lemon crop. EUCALYPTUS AND ALKALI Widely Discussed Subject Basis of Interesting Report During the past few years the interest in eucalyptus growing has been widespread over the State, because of the increasing scarcity of timber trees for commercial purposes, the prospect of “splendid financial returns” to growers after the lapse of fifteen or more years and because of the special adaptation of California congress to retain the present tariff on sugar, to abrogate the twenty per cent preferential duty to Cuba and thus help to develop one of the most promising industries of the United States. We then took up to ascertain the alkali tolerant species of the trees several directions: the maximum area trees were grown and the minimum salt where they effected the end, to examine nurseries in which plainly present; a large alkali spice several of the varieties in alkali of Frank E. John soil laboratory; the work of visions of eucalypts in the State, noting collecting soils also made the galkali analysis that report. The identified samples brought by Prof. H. M. T station, and, unfavorable to recoup many of the spults of the exasperation which these were of no practical use from this report. The work, I we relied chiefly on alkali tolerance with seedlings put station, and this derer the supervisors J. T. Bearss. The investigation of alkali on them is a matter of cause of the imminent alkali that might ease and death, shallowness and tensions in the soil, ply, climatic trope these must be dying the quest for effort to arrange approximately especially difficult added irregular distribution downward and la the actual distribution among the farmers and workmen would amount to $270,000,000, while if it were all imported and only refined, it would amount to only $36,000,000. There are now seventy beet sugar factories in the United States. It would take over 400 factories to produce the total sugar consumed. Would it not be much better to have this vast sum—$270,000,000—distributed by so many separate interests, widely scattered over the United States than to have the entire sugar industry controlled by half a dozen gentlemen in New York, who control the refining industry? In addition to this, the production of all our sugar from sugar beets, would add immensely to the production of other crops from the well-known fact that a root crop rotated with cereals improve the soil and very materially adds to the yield of other crops. Sugar is distinctly an agricultural product, and the farmer who grows the beets is the largest beneficiary of the duty. The American farmer pays three or four times more for labor than the farmer in tropical countries, where cane sugar is produced and therefore, needs protection. Beet sugar is just as good as cane sugar. It is physically and chemically the same substance and is generally a much cleaner product because it is manufactured in a cool climate, free from insects and flies as compared with tropical sugar, which not only contends with the above objections, but frequently lies around four months on wharfs and in holds of vessels where it is subjected to all kinds of unsanitary influences. It is safe to assume that were it not for the seventy beet sugar factories in this country, sugar prices would be very much higher. Owing to the competition of the home beet sugar industry, sugar prices to the EUCALYPTUS AND ALKALI Widely Discussed Subject Basis of Interesting Report During the past few years the interest in eucalyptus growing has been widespread over the State, because of the increasing scarcity of timber trees for commercial purposes, the prospect of "splendid financial returns" to growers after the lapse of fifteen or more years and because of the special adaptation of California climate and soil to that group of trees. It goes without saying that for all plants and trees the better the soil the better the growth, and eucalyptus is not an exception. It attains its most rapid growth in a loose loam soil that contains an abundance of the plant food elements, potash, lime, magnesia, iron, phosphoric acid, and especially of humus with high nitrogen content; a soil of ten or more feet in depth in which root development and activity may be free and unrestricted by hardpan, gravel, bedrock, or high water-table; a soil having a good moisture supply and good aeration; a soil that is warm and capable of facilitating bacterial activity in the formation of nitrates from the organic nitrogen of humus. But lands of this nature are usually far more valuable for other cultural purposes than the growth of eucalyptus trees, and for this reason the culture of the latter on the large scale is often being done or attempted on tracts that seem to be unfitted for general farming purposes. It thus happened that attention was called to the large tracts of alkali land, that occur in those portions of the valleys of the State and where a low rainfall and other conditions have favored the accumulation of these soluble alkali salts. It is well known that plants both small alkali that might ease and death, shallowness and tensions in the soil, ply, climatic trope these must be dying the question the effort to arrange en approximately especially difficult added the irregular distribution downward and la salts and of each these could in last trolled or eliminated a large number sizes in which of alkali salts mixed with the in contact with conditions kept this would be atainties and wounded over several clusions could be. In the field fore, we have found that a tree injured or killed alkali in its soil the amount be roborated by a where soil condition can only ascertain count of each pair combination of upper few feet on the plant or tre harmed, thus fixing its maximum maximum may ed by other ob individuals of the suffering or injuring less amount the supposed man attribute the increase than alkali alone. A very large ANAHEIM GAZETTE and large can withstand the effect of only certain amounts of these salts and that they also vary in their power of tolerance, some being very sensitive and others quite immune except to very large amounts. Citrus trees, for instance, seem to be seriously affected by 2500 pounds of common salt per acre, while grapes will grow fairly well in many times that amount. Recognizing this fact., says Dr. Loughridge in a report just issued by the College of Agriculture at Berkeley, the eucalyptus grower quickly appealed to this station for information as to the amount of alkali the eucalyptus would tolerate while making good growth. It has unfortunately happened that while we have for the past fifteen years made observations regarding very many other cultures, such as grain crops, alfalfa, fruit trees, etc., only casual attention has been given to the eucalyptus; in fact, the only analysis of alkali in a soil growing these trees which we were able to find was that from the Tulare station; and a thorough search of publications from other states and countries gave no record of such an examination, the various writers on the planting and the growing of eucalyptus having failed to note the alkali side of the question. Even at the Tulare station, where quite a number of large eucalyptus trees are growing, no examination was considered important until the question of tolerance came up from growers. We then took up the task of trying to ascertain as near as possible the alkali tolerance of the chief species of the tree, working thereto in several directions; first to ascertain the maximum amount in which the tions are therefore necessary to ascertain this maximum because of the uncertainty of the strength of alkali in each locality. Thus, in this eucalyptus investigation, we have made several hundred analyses to ascertain the amount and composition of the alkali salts under as many trees. If alkali consisted of but one salt the study of toleration would eb quite simple; but we find that there are several salts, each having a different effect and behavior, which tend to complicate the study with reference to plants and trees. These salts are sulfate of soda or glaubers salt, carbonate of soda or sal soda and chlorid of sodium or common salt, together with more or less of sulfates of magnesia and lime and nitrates of soda and magnesia. The three first named are however recognized as the alkali salts, and are alone considered when alkali is mentioned. Each salt has its influence on plant growth, but in different degrees of intensity and in nature of action; and this of course still further complicates the study of tolerance on the part of the plant. The sulfates seem to be rather inert for any direct injury; being very soluble in water, they probably enter the plant cells with solutions of plant food, and if in very large amounts interfere with the proper assimilation and action of the food; or by accumulation as a soil crust they may interfere with the functions of the plant roots. Common salt is with some cultures probably the most to be feared of the three alkali salts, not so much, perhaps, because of any direct action on the plant, but because of its injurious influence on important micro-organisms in the soil, its action till the young roots become strong, well developed and with a comparatively thick bark the tree may survive alkali of quite a strength. There is but little doubt that many eucalypti now growing in strong alkali soils, have been enabled to secure good, strong root-development during the time that the alkali was several feet below the surface and thus to become partly if not wholly immune to its effect when subsequently concentrated near the surface. The eucalyptus tree develops its root system very rapidly as it grows from the young plant to the large tree. It is a general supposition in California that the tap root reaches, if unimpeded, to a depth below the surface of the soil equal to the height of the tree above ground; this in old trees would be fully 100 feet in alluvial lands. Depths of 60 feet have been reported from Southern California. The wood of most of the eucalypts makes good fuel. A grove of blue gums five years old, set out 6 by 6 feet apart; under favorable conditions should yield from 50 to 80 cords of wood per acre, while at ten years of age 80 to 150 cords may be expected. Groves under irrigation will undoubtedly do better than the above figures indicate, while the quality of the land will also, of course, have a great influence. The cost of working up the standing trees into fuel ready to burn varies somewhat with the age and species of the tree. The leaves and twigs of the tree, when distilled, produce an oil which has great medicinal properties and is used quite extensively in medicine at the present time. This oil is a non-irritant antiseptic, which can be used without the slightest injury on to note the alkali side of the question. Even at the Tulare station, where quite a number of large eucalyptus trees are growing, no examination was considered important until the question of tolerance came up from growers. We then took up the task of trying to ascertain as near as possible the alkali tolerance of the chief species of the tree, working thereto in several directions; first to ascertain the maximum amount in which the trees were growing and doing well, and the minimum amount of each salt where they had succumbed to the effects of the alkali alone; second, to examine new plantations and nurseries in which the alkali was plainly present; and third, to select a large alkali spot in which to plant several of the more important species in alkali of varying strengths. Frank E. Johnson, assistant in the soil laboratory, was intrusted with the work of visiting the plantations of eucalypts in the alkali regions of the State, noting tree conditions and collecting soils for examination. He also made the greater number of alkali analysis that are given in this report. The identification of species from samples brought in was largely done by Prof. H. M. Hall, botanist of this station, and unfortunately, it was impossible to recognize the species of many of the specimens, and the results of the examinations of soils in which these were growing were thus of no practical value and are omitted from this report. The work, however, upon which we relied chiefly in our study of the alkali tolerance of the eucalypts was with seedlings planted in the Tulare station, and this was carried on under the supervision of the foreman, J. T. Bearss. The investigation of the tolerance of alkali on the part of any culture is a matter of great difficulty because of the impossibility of eliminating the many causes other than alkali that might produce injury, disease and death, such as insects, the shallowness and bad physical conditions in the soil, improper water supply, climatic troubles, etc. All of these must be considered when studying the question, and they make the effort to arrive at correct, or even approximately correct conclusions, especially difficult. To these must be added the irregular and broad extension of the root systems, and the irregular distribution in the soil, both downward and laterally, of the alkali cells with solutions of plant food, and if in very large amounts interfere with the proper assimilation and action of the food; or by accumulation as a soil crust they may interfere with the functions of the plant roots. Common salt is with some cultures probably the most to be feared of the three alkali salts, not so much, perhaps, because of any direct action on the plant, but because of its injurious influence on important micro-organisms in the soil, its action through a greater depth than the carbonate, its action when in larger amounts in preventing a normal water supply and consequent starvation of the plant, and in the fact that the injury can only be prevented by its removal from the soil by thorough leaching. The carbonate of soda is strongly caustic or corrosive, attacking the root-hairs and the tender bark of the root crown, girdling it and preventing the rise of sap into the plant. It, therefore, acts most energetically near the surface of the soil, and fortunately, may be here easily neutralized by conversion into sulfate on the application of gypsum, as long ago recommended in the publications of this station. These salts occur together in greatly varying proportions through the soil column downward and laterally because of differences in the ease with which they move from point to point; the sulfates because of their crystalline form rise rapidly in the soil and with the chlorids occur chiefly in the upper foot; while the carbonate occurs more generally diffused downward. The effect on the plant is therefore largely influenced by the amount of each salt in the soil and their relative proportion; thus forming a problem the more complex as the effects of the salts depend largely upon the physical nature of the soil. Another factor to be regarded in the problem of tolerance is the movement or rise and fall of alkali salts at different seasons of the year due to water evaporation. In the alkali regions of California there are really but two seasons, the winter or wet season, from November to April, during which time the entire yearly precipitation occurs, and the summer or dry season, when there is practically no rainfall. The salts of alkali being extremely soluble in water, therefore, are dissolved in winter rain and pass downward with the water to depths dependent on the physical condition of the soil and the figures indicate, while the quality of the land will also, of course, have a great influence. The cost of working up the standing trees into fuel ready to burn varies somewhat with the age and species of the tree. The leaves and twigs of the tree, when distilled, produce an oil which has great medicinal properties and is used quite extensively in medicine at the present time. This oil is a non-irritant antiseptic, which can be used without the slightest injury on all the tissues of the body and internally in very small quantities. The amount of oil that can be extracted from a certain number of pounds of leaves and twigs varies with locality in which the grove is situated, in the different trees according to their positions in the grove and in the different species of eucalyptus. The latter is also true in regard to its medicinal properties. W. E. Cooper A. Shriner THE NATIONAL MARKET No. 107 W. Center St. COOPER & SHRINER, Proprietors The Best of Beef, Mutton and Pork, Sausage, Ham, Bacon and Lard. The patronage of the public is respectfully solicited. Boston Bakery and Confectionery STEPHEN KISTLER, Proprietor Fresh Bread, Cakes and Pies daily. Chris topher's Chocolates and Bonbons always fresh, on hand. E. Center st., opposite City Hall Anaheim Anaheim Bakery Peter Syre, prop. Fresh Bread Cakes and Pies Confectionery, Etc. Wedding Cakes a Specialty Los Angeles and Cypress Sts. Finest of Wines. Liquors and Cigars. at Roman Wisser's Favorite - Saloon Schlitz Beer on Draught alkali that might produce injury, disease and death, such as insects, the shallowness and bad physical conditions in the soil, improper water supply, climatic troubles, etc. All of these must be considered when studying the question, and they make the effort to arrive at correct, or even approximately correct conclusions, especially difficult. To these must be added the irregular and broad extension of the root systems, and the irregular distribution in the soil, both downward and laterally, of the alkali salts and of each individual salt; these could in large measure be controlled or eliminated by planting in a large number of boxes of proper sizes in which certain percentages of alkali salts are thoroughly intermixed with the soil, the roots held in contact with the alkali, and water conditions kept in control, but even this would be attended with uncertainties and would have to be extended over several seasons, before conclusions could be definitely reached. In the field examinations, therefore, we have found it unsafe to claim that a tree or plant has been injured or killed by the amount of alkali in its soil (except of course the amount be enormous), unless corroborated by a number of instances where soil conditions are perfect. We can only ascertain the highest amount of each particular alkali salt or combination of salts occurring in the upper few feet of the soil in which the plant or tree is apparently unharmed, thus fixing for the time being its maximum of tolerance; this maximum may subsequently be raised by other observations. If other individuals of the same species are suffering or injured in soils containing less amounts of the salts than the supposed maximum, then we must attribute the injury to other causes than alkali alone. A very large number of examina- Confectionery, Etc. Wedding Cakes a Specialty Los Angeles and Cypress Sts. Finest of Wines. Liquors and Cigars. at Roman Wisser's Favorite - Saloon Schlitz Beer on Draught Germania Halle A splendid Lunch every day. Best brands of Wines, Liquors and Cigars for those desiring them. Cold Beer always on tap. Your patronage solicited. We make a specialty of Kentucky Dew Whiskey. J. D. Heitshusen For First-Class Fumigating You should get a man who knows how. I have had the experience and can deliver the goods. H.J. Westerman North Olive Street, ANAHEIM CALIFORNIA ANAHEIM STEAM LAUNDRY Fitted with the most up-to-date machinery for turning out the best work on short notice and at moderate prices. Patronize home industry, especially when you get just a little bit better service here than you can get anywhere else. ANAHEIM STEAM LAUNDRY J. E. FISHER & CO., Props. SOUTH LEMON STREET Anaheim, Cal. ANAHEIM Cigar Factory ARNOLD & SON, Props. West Center St., Anaheim. Manufacturers of The Anaheim Eagle and Rosebud Cigars. We make a Specialty of Private Box Trade. INTERIOR FINISH We furnish the finest interior finish promptly. Slash Grain Oregon Pine Finish fresh run and mill sanded. Also Kiln Dried Flooring and Ceiling. We Have Pattern Books which contain the latest ideas. Get our figures when you contemplate building. GIBBS LUMBER CO. ANAHEIM, FULLERTON PLACENTIA. Commencing Apr. 1, 1911 The price of "Anaheim Bottled Beer" will be as follows: ONE DOZ. LARGE $1.40 Commencing Apr. 1, 1911 The price of "Anaheim Bottled Beer" will be as follows: ONE DOZ. LARGE $1.40 ONE DOZ. SMALL $1.00 BOTTLES RETURNED One Dozen Large 40 Cents One Dozen Small 30 Cents Union Brewing Co, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA FOUR ROUTES EAST SUNSET Double Daily Service to New Orleans and East through the Sunny South. EL PASO 'GOLDEN STATE LIMITED,' the de luxe, exclusively first class. The "CALIFORNIAN" for both first and second class travel. The line of low altitudes. OGDEN Through the beautiful Sierra Nevadas, and across the Great Salt Lake. The route of the SAN FRANCISCO "OVERLAND LIMITED." SHASTA Via Mt. Shasta and the great NORTH-WEST, unequalled for scenic grandeur. SOUTHERN PACIFIC J. M. PICKERING, L. B. VALLA, and across the Great Salt Lake. The route of the SAN FRANCISCO "OVERLAND LIMITED." SHASTA Via Mt. Shasta and the great NORTHWEST, unequalled for scenic grandeur. SOUTHERN PACIFIC J. M. PICKERING, Anaheim Agent. Both Phones. L. B. VALLA, Commerc'l Agt. Santa Ana, Cal. LOW RATES FROM THE EAST From March 1st to April 15th, 1912, inclusive, from all points in the East, tickets will be sold at low rates to California. EXAMPLES Omaha..... $25.00 Chicago..... $33.00 Kansas City ..... 25.00 New York ..... 50.00 Houston, Tex ... 25.00 St. Louis ..... 32.00 Proportionately low fares from other points Ask us for literature and further details and write your friends to come west via the Southern Pacific for prompt and reliable service. See Agents Southern Pacific C. W. Pendleton, Agt., Anaheim. Both Phones Los Angeles Office, 600 S. Spring St. The Gazette Gives All the News