anaheim-gazette 1912-02-15

BLACK SCALE PEST AND ITS HABITS INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THIS PESTIFEROUS NUISANCE Description and Growth from the Egg to the Adult—Bulletin Issued by Agricultural Experiment Station Gives Results of Exhaustive Experiments—Number of Eggs, Rate of Locomotion, Distance of Travel — Numerous Other Discoveries Given The eggs of the black scale are oval in shape. When first deposited they are usually pearly white, but soon change to a cream color or with a pinkish cast. As the development continues they pass through different shades of pink until a few days before hatching they assume a reddish orange hue. The eye spots now appear and the embryo may be made out within. Several hundred freshly deposited eggs were placed in a pill box in the laboratory at Berkeley experiment station, on June 9th. On June 24 a few hatched, about four fifths of the number hatched on the 28th, while the last hatched on the 29th. The minimum incubation period under these conditions was 16 days and the maximum days. Other lots of eggs laid on June 16th hatched in from 19 to 21 days. During the winter season hatching may be prolonged for a month or six weeks. Counts made of the number of eggs from 10 different scales of various sizes were as follows: 319, 220, 2073, 839, 2058, 2536, 1340, 1542, 2894 and 2823. The number will thus vary from about 200 to 2900, the aver-vesting of the fruit are possileb means of infesting a clean grove if these things are immediately or soon used in the grove. While, then, these things are possible sources of spread they are not so important as natural agencies. About 100 Coccinellids were confined for a day in a jar containing olive branches badly infested with the black scale from which young were issuing. Upon examination it was found that young scales were being carried about by the beetles. About one beetle in every 10 or 15 carried from one to four scales. The slower moving beetles were most likely to carry the scales. These beetles have also been seen under the natural conditions of the field to have young scale crawling upon them. What has thus been actually observed in the case of Coccinellids is likely to occur also with other insects that frequent scale infested areas. Among these, ants may be mentioned, but these are not likely to transport them long distances, for their nests are usually close at hand. The larvae of Chrysopa and emerobiusH, which may feed among the scales also may be guilty of spreading the scales, and possibly also the adults of these species. Winged Aphids are also found commonly on orange trees in the early spring principally, but these are more apt to be confined to the tender growth which has not yet become infested with scales. But all the active insects found on the orange tree the Coccinellidae probably are the worst offenders in spreading young scale. Two or three hundred eggs were taken from under each of several scales and as the young hatched they were placed in pill boxes without any food. One lot lived about 52 hours; The minimum incubation period under these conditions was 16 days and the maximum days. Other lots of eggs laid on June 16th hatched in from 19 to 21 days. During the winter season hatching may be prolonged for a month or six weeks. Counts made of the number of eggs from 10 different scales of various sizes were as follows: 319, 220, 2073, 839, 2058, 2536, 1340, 1542, 2894 and 2823. The number will thus vary from about 200 to 2900, the average in averaged sized scales will run close to 2000 eggs. In nearly all cases practically all of the eggs hatch. It is only very rarely that eggs will be found beneath the scale and not hatched. But it is rather common to find a large number of young dead beneath the parent. This is probably due to their inability to emerge on account of the arch at the posterior tip being in close contact with the twig or perhaps through the clogging of the opening by old egg skins or young that have died from some other cause. It is possible also that extreme heat may kill the young before they emerge. Heat is an important factor in their mortality after they emerge. The eggs of the black scale may be found in certain localities at any season of the year. But by far the largest number of eggs occur in the spring during May, June, and a portion of July. At this season the majority of the scales will be found with eggs in any part of the citrus area, but at other times there may be no eggs in certain groves, while in others eggs will be found. In this connection the time of fumigation may have an important influence on the stage of the insect, since all the young and partly grown may be killed, while the eggs under the adults will escape the effects of the gas. But there is, aside from this, a natural offhatch which occurs whether the tree has been fumigated or not. During the season of 1910 the largest number of eggs were present in the latter part of May. Experiments show the rate of travel over sand and orchard soil as follows: The distance traveled by the active larva on smooth paper was an average of 71 inches during a two hour period when the temperature was 75-5 deg. F. The higher the temperature the faster thy ewould travel, so that with a temperature of 90 deg. F they traveled in the same time a distance of 151 inches. Two or three hundred eggs were taken from under each of several scales and as the young hatched they were placed in pill boxes without any food. One lot lived about 52 hours; another 60; a third lot (the majority about 60 hours), while a few lived for 65 hours; lot 4 lived 56 hours; lot 5 were removed from under the adults alive; these lived 84 hours; lot 6 were similarly taken from beneath the parent and they lived 84 hours. Lots 7, 8, 9, 10 were all taken alive from under the adults and lived 66 hours without food. It thus appears that between 3 and 4 days is the maximum time that young black scale will live without food. Experiments on the effects of temperature on the young: May 31, 1910, 2 p.m. Temperature 115 deg. F. in sun at surface of ground. Several hundred active young (taken from under adult) were liberated on ordinary orchard soil. At 2.15 when again examined all were dead, not having moved more than 2 inches. June 30, 1910, 11 a.m. Temperature 80 deg. in sun 4 feet above soil. Temperature 120 deg. with bulb in soil at point of experiment. Sevearl hundred young liberated on ordinary brown colored soil died within 10 minutes. July 6, 1910. Liberated a number of young from under adult on white paper in the sun. Temperature 106 to 110 deg. Temperature 4 feet above ground, 98. At 106 they were very lively, but as the temperature increased they moved more slowly and at 110 almost all movement ceased, although a 2 hours exposure did not kill them. July 6, 1910, 11 a.m. Temperature 118 deg. at surface of board mentioned below. A large number of active young, taken from under female, were placed upon a brown colored board. Within five minutes all the scales were dead. Effects of light: Several experiments, which will not be detailed here, were undertaken to determine the behavior of the young black scales toward light. In all cases they responded to the influence of light, showing them to be positively phototropic. Another sign of the poleon was his intensity often there came a day that reduced him to hysterical woman sometimes took his weeping. He would on the slightest impatience he tore pieces because it in some trifling way melancholy that never he talked of death had any serious interest own life. He never life. While a man or a man of action. Such this dreamer more strange moments on hatred and a desire to instance, he would asking her name. "Do you were pretty?" or teleman. "You have no live." It was comparative career that his insane not France, not even the world, took possess real reason for his cries is to be found in him. He himself caused his poleon alone could have poleon, and it was that undid him. There was his dream of Europe. "There will intimates while he wail," "be no peace in under the command of under one emperor, who officers, who will dis to his generals, make Bavaria, one landmark another stadtholder giving them all official perial household." Experiments show the rate of travel over sand and orchard soil as follows: The distance traveled by the active larva on smooth paper was an average of 71 inches during a two hour period when the temperature was 75-5 deg F. The higher the temperature the faster thy ewould travel, so that with a temperature of 90 deg F they traveled in the same time a distance of 151 inches. In all cases observed the young larvae make their way from beneath of the parent under the arch at the posterior tip. This arch consists of a slightly raised portion of the scale, for a short distance on either side of the anal cleft, which is not attached to the twig. This is large enough to permit of the exit of the young scales and occasionally two have been seen emerging side by side. The emergence occurs at about the same rate as the hatch, although many of the young will be seen under a scale at one time. But since about forty eggs are laid in a day, this number may hatch at the same time, and these, together with the early or late hatching of others deposited near the same time, accounts for the large number that occur under the scale. They may remain under the scale for a day or two, so that when they emerge they have their full strength and begin immediately to actively crawl about. Several rags, sticks, pieces of old boards, and a pair of gloves were placed in a tree badly infested with the young black scale. Later, when all these were examined, many young were crawling about over them. It is altogether likely, therefore, that ladders, gloves, clippers, picking boxes, and other things used in the harbor below. A large number of active young, taken from under female, were placed upon a brown colored board. Within five minutes all the scales were dead. Effects of light: Several experiments, which will not be detailed here, were undertaken to determine the behavior of the young black scales toward light. In all cases they responded to the influence of light, showing them to be positively phototropic. In the case of older scales, that is, when they migrate from leaves to twigs, since they almost invariably become fixed on the under side, it would appear that they later in life become negatively phototropic. About 100 active young scales, secured from beneath a female, were placed upon the middle of an upright stake. Some immediately crawled on downward, but a large majority of them crawled upward. Upon reaching the top these did not remain there, but crawled down again, many going directly to the bottom. A little later they became distributed all over the stake. Here the effects of the light were not removed so that it can not be stated whether they have a tendency to go up or down. 1 to 11 Acres FOR SALE! Los Angeles and South Streets. One of the best locations in the City for a Home or Chicken Ranch. This property will grow into big money. Will sell one or more acres. Terms to suit. Monthly or yearly payments. No better investment in Southern California. Write, or call 320 Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, W.E. Jones, owner. There was his dream of Europe. "There will intimates while he woul sul," "be no peace in under the command o under one emperor, w officers, who will dis to his generals, make Bavaria, one landmark another stadtholder giving them all official perial household, such bearer, grand chamber ter of the hounds, etc. Napoleon did place countries and control nearly every country wonderful achievement stricken charity education at Brienne of his sovereign. He mained the king of had he been satisfied height. But he was never was satisfied there was Asia. On the day he was c in December, 1804, he isister of marine: "I career has been brilliant risen high. But wha from ancient times! Lo the Great! After he Asia he declared him Jupiter, and except his plas, Aristotle and ad pedants, the east believ days if I were to dec son of the Everlasting isn't a fishwife but w The nations are much now, and nothing great." "And France," says M conclusion, "sacrificed to the monomania of a What tragedy in history so appalling, so pitiful fronic?" NAPOLEON'S FALL. The Modern Attila Crushed by His Streak of Insanity. A VICTIM OF MEGALOMANIA. Envious of Alexander the Great, He Aimed to Rule the Whole World, and France Sacrificed a Million Men on the Altar of His Monomania. Were readers of history asked today what three human characters have been most prominent in making the history of the world there could probably be great diversity of opinion as to two of such personages, but as to the third the general agreement could probably point to Napoleon Bonaparte. T. P. O'Connor, who for many years has made a study of the modern Attila, as he was called by his contemporaries, presents in his London magazine an article entitled "The Insanity of Napoleon's Genius," in which he shows him to be a victim of megalomania, that form of mental alienation in which the patient is possessed of gradiose hallucinations. Mr. O'Connor discards the idea that Napoleon because of his gigantic power for work had a perfect physique and invulnerable health. He suffered as a child from extreme nervousness, later from facial neuralgia. He had a nervous twitching at the mouth and the right shoulder. After Toulon he long suffered from a painful and wasting cutaneous disease, and at times he had fits of an epileptic character. As he was about to leave Strassburg in 1805 on the way to the mighty victory over General Mack at Ulm he had one of these spasms. After dinner on the day he was leaving, says Talleyrand in his memoirs, the emperor had called him into his room. There Talleyrand GREATER REDWOOD PARK Memorial to Congress for Protection of Big Trees The following is an appeal by Sempervirens Club of California, on behalf of the people of California, to the Congress of the United States, for a Greater California Redwood Park. The Sempervirens club was organized in 1900, for the purpose of saving to the people of this state, and nation, for their perpetual use and pleasure, portions of its beautiful red wood forests, and more especially all that portion familiarly known as the "Big Basin," which contains some of the largest and most magnificent specimens of the Sequoia Sempervirens in existence. The California Redwood Park, containing some 3800 acres of this basin, was secured as the result of its efforts. In 1901 the state of California purchased and set aside as a public park about 3800 acres of redwood forest to be forever preserved as a national park. This purchase, which is known as the California Redwood park, is located in the Santa Cruz section of the Coast Range mountains, about 50 miles south of San Francisco. The park lies about 25 miles west of San Jose, and about the same distance in a northerly direction from Santa Cruz. Within a radius of 50 miles of the park there are over 1,000,000 people. A glance at the map will show the location with reference to these centers of population. The land embraced within the park limits is but a portion of a large basin-shaped region, comprising some 14,000 acres, and enclosed by a rim of mountains. This vast natural hollow is drained by the Waddell and and invulnerable health. He suffered as a child from extreme nervousness, later from facial neuralgia. He had a nervous twitching at the mouth and the right shoulder. After Toulon he long suffered from a painful and wasting cutaneous disease, and at times he had fits of an epileptic character. As he was about to leave Strassburg in 1805 on the way to the mighty victory over General Mack at Ulm he had one of these spasms. After dinner on the day he was leaving, says Talleyrand in his memoirs, the emperor had called him into his room. There Talleyrand found him gasping for breath. "I tore off his cravat, for he seemed like to choke. He did not vomit, but sighed and foamed. M. de Remusat, first gentleman in waiting, who had also come into the room, handed him water, and I sprinkled him with eau de cologue. He was suffering from some sort of cramp, which passed off in a quarter of an hour. We laid him in an armchair. He began to speak, put his dress right, commanded us to observe the strictest secrecy, and half an hour later he was on his way to Carlsruhe." Another sign of the abnormal in Napoleon was his intense irritability, and often there came a nervous breakdown that reduced him to the condition of a hysterical woman. This irritability sometimes took the form of fits of weeping. He would fly into a passion on the slightest provocation. In his impatience he tore many a garment to pieces because it inconvenienced him in some trifling way. He had an inner melancholy that never left him. While he talked of death, Napoleon never had any serious intention of taking his own life. He never lost his grasp of life. While a man of dreams, he was a man of action. Success did not make this dreamer more cheerful. He had strange moments of bitterness and hatred and a desire to inflict pain. For instance, he would say to a lady after asking her name, "Dear me, I was told you were pretty!" or to an elderly gentleman, "You have not much longer to live." It was comparatively early in his career that his insane desire to rule not France, not even Europe, but all the world, took possession of him. The real reason for his crushing downfall is to be found in this megalomania. He himself caused his downfall. Napoleon alone could have conquered Napoleon, and it was this megalomania that undid him. There was his dream of the control of Europe. "There will," he said to his intimates while he was still first consul, "be no peace in Europe till it is under the command of a single leader, under one emperor, with kings for his officers, who will distribute kingdoms to his generals, making one king of Bavaria, one landman of Switzerland, another stadtholder of Holland and giving them all official posts in the imperial household such as grand Jose, and about the same distance in a northerly direction from Santa Cruz. Within a radius of 50 miles of the park there are over 1,000,000 people. A glance at the map will show the location with reference to these centers of population. The land embraced within the park limits is but a portion of a large basin-shaped region, comprising some 14,000 acres, and enclosed by a rim of mountains. This vast natural hollow is drained by the Waddell and its numerous tributaries. The two main forks of this stream, after joining in the lower part of the basin, flow through a wild, rugged, and picturesque gorge out to the ocean. The park is "L" shaped in appearance and so situated as to protect the head waters of the numerous streams tributary to the Waddell that have their rise in this region. The park is a splendid example of the California forests. The trees for which it is best known, and which form the greater part of the timber, are the coast redwoods, or Sequoia Sempervirens. Some of these trees are of great size—as much as twenty feet in diameter and 300 feet in height. They are truly "Nature's forest masterpiece, the greatest of living things." These monarchs defy all description of their majesty and beauty. The words of John Muir regarding the age of the redwoods of the Sierras may fittingly describe these giants of the coast range. "They counted their years," he says, "by tens of centuries, when Columbus set sail from Spain, and were in the vigor of youth or middle age when the star led the Chaldean sages to the infant Savious's cradle. As far as man is concerned they are the same yesterday, today, and forever, emblems of permanence." To the botanist it is a paradise. The late Professor Dudley of Stanford university is authority for the statement that there are over 50 varieties of trees in this region. Besides the redwood, the mountain slopes are covered with fir, with tan-oak, and the madrone peculiar to California. The open places abound all around with huckleberry, wild lilac, manzanita and buck-thorn, while the canyons are fragrant with azaleas,and secluded glades and banks of streams are luxuriant with a profusion of lilies, woodwardias, and delicate ferns. The entrance to the park is by a wagon road of easy grade and wonderful scenic attraction. In addition several good saddle trails lead into Jose, and about the same distance in a northerly direction from Santa Cruz. Within a radius of 50 miles of the park there are over 1,000,000 people. A glance at the map will show the location with reference to these centers of population. The land embraced within the park limits is but a portion of a large basin-shaped region, comprising some 14,000 acres, and enclosed by a rim of mountains. This vast natural hollow is drained by the Waddell and its numerous tributaries. The two main forks of this stream, after joining in the lower part of the basin, flow through a wild, rugged, and picturesque gorge out to the ocean. The park is "L" shaped in appearance and so situated as to protect the head waters of the numerous streams tributary to the Waddell that have their rise in this region. The park is a splendid example of the California forests. The trees for which it is best known, and which form the greater part of the timber, are the coast redwoods, or Sequoia Sempervirens. Some of these trees are of great size—as much as twenty feet in diameter and 300 feet in height. They are truly "Nature's forest masterpiece, the greatest of living things." These monarchs defy all description of their majesty and beauty. The words of John Muir regarding the age of the redwoods of the Sierras may fittingly describe these giants of the coast range. "They counted their years," he says, "by tens of centuries, when Columbus set sail from Spain, and were in the vigor of youth or middle age when the star led the Chaldean sages to the infant Savious's cradle. As far as man is concerned they are the same yesterday, today, and forever, emblems of permanence." To San Francisco Oakland and Berkeley Joaquin Valley. Lv. San Diego Lv. Anaheim Lv. Los Angeles Lv. Riverside Lv. Redlands Lv. San Bernardino Ar. Bakersfield Ar. Hanford Ar. Fresno Ar. Merced Ar. Stockton Ar. Berkeley Ar. Oakland Ar. San Francisco Returning "The Angel" Leaves San Francisco J.H.CLABAUGH,Agt.PhonesSANTA He miserly caused his downfall. Napoleon alone could have conquered Napoleon, and it was this megalomania that undid him. There was his dream of the control of Europe. "There will," he said to his intimates while he was still first consul, "be no peace in Europe till it is under the command of a single leader, under one emperor, with kings for his officers, who will distribute kingdoms to his generals, making one king of Bavaria, one landman of Switzerland, another stadtholder of Holland and giving them all official posts in the imperial household, such as grand cup bearer, grand chamberlain, grand master of the hounds, etc." Napoleon did place kings in several countries and controlled the policy of nearly every country of Europe—a wonderful achievement for the poverty stricken charity boy who got his education at Brienne at the expense of his sovereign. He might have remained the king of kings in Europe had he been satisfied with that awful height. But he was not satisfied; he never was satisfied. After Europe there was Asla. On the day he was crowned emperor in December, 1804, he said to his minister of marine: "I grant you my career has been brilliant and I have risen high. But what a difference from ancient times! Look at Alexander the Great! After he had conquered Asia he declared himself the son of Jupiter, and, except his mother Olympias, Aristotle and a few Athenian pedants, the east believed him. Nowadays if I were to declare myself the son of the Everlasting Father there isn't a fishwife but would hiss me! The nations are much too enlightened now, and nothing great is left to do." "And France," says Mr. O'Connor, in conclusion, "sacrificed a million lives to the monomania of a megalomaniac. What tragedy in history is so gigantic, so appalling, so pitiful, in a sense so ironic?" None are less eager to learn than they who know nothing.—Suard. DO YOUR Phone, Home 2161 PLUMBING guaranteed. Prices reasonable. See me before letting your next contract. F. H. GARRISON BUY A Rebuilt, Guaranteed PREMIER These Cars have all been thoroughly overin our shop with new parts where needed ted and newly equipped. They contain material and will last longer and give greatthan any new car of the same price. OR 7-PASSENGER $50.00 to $2,500.00 These are bargains. Also one Auburn, one and one Reo. Must close these out at once on account stock arriving. GOODS That Have The Flavor Is the kind the man of taste desires. That's the kind we carry. The best is none too good for our customers. Every well known brand of high grade whiskies, wines and brandies in stock. California Wine Company Wholesale Liquor Dealers SWOPE BROTHERS ANAHEIM, CAL. J. W. Dickenson GARAGE Agent for The OAKLAND 50.00 to $2,500.00 se are bargains. Also one Auburn. one and one Reo. must close these out at once on account stock arriving. MIER MOTOR CAR CO. L. H. SCHWAEBE, President. 679, F2664 1127 S. Olive St. Los Angeles, Cal. —Superior Equipment. superior service. courteous employes. perfect roadbed. fast schedule— —That’s Santa Fe way— Santa Fe O San Francisco Oakland and Berkeley via San Joaquin Valley. “The Saint” Lv. San Diego 1:10 p.m. Lv. Anaheim 4:05 p.m. Lv. Los Angeles 5:15 p.m. Lv. Riverside 6:00 p.m. Lv. Redlands 5:05 p.m. Lv. San Bernardino 7:00 p.m Ar. Bakersfield 1:45 a.m. Ar. Hanford 3:29 a.m. Ar. Fresno 4:15 a.m. Ar. Merced 5:30 a.m. Ar. Stockton 6:55 a.m. Ar. Berkeley 9:44 a.m. Ar. Oakland 9:50 a.m. Ar. San Francisco 9:55 a.m. “The Angel” Leaves San Francisco at 4:00 p.m. ABAUGH, Agt. Phones Pacific 217, Home 1751 SANTA FE J. W. Dickenson GARAGE Agent for The OAKLAND All kinds of Auto Supplies Repair Work. Anaheim :: California BUILT OF QUALITY is the popularity of our lime, cement plaster, brick, sand and other materials with experienced builders. They buy from us because they know that they are sure of a square deal and the best materials. You can do no better than to follow their example. They wouldn’t buy here unless it was to their advantage to do so. Griffith Lumber Co, South Los Angeles St. NEAR SOUTHERN PACIFIC DEPOT GEO. C. BRYAN, M.D. Successor to the late Dr. Rich, FULLERTON, CALIFORNIA OFFICE HOURS— 10 to 12 a.m; 2 to 4 p.m.; 7 to 8 p.m. Phones, Pacific 45; Home 62. Phones, Main 114J will shortly be extinct unless adequate means are taken for their protection, the citizens of California and all interested in a Greater California Redwood Park join in most earnestly urging the passage of this bill—No. 18,227—and the ceding of this public domain to the State of California as a perpetual resort for the health and recreation of the people of this and succeeding generations. No greater public service can be rendered than by providing the careworn and crowded population dwelling within our cities accessible resorts for health and recreation, resorts where the freshness of the mountains will give them new spirit, and the beauties and grandeur of nature, worthier ideals and loftier inspiration. We will state incidentally that the occupied lands adjacent to the park will soon be cut over, and then will be of comparatively little value, and can be purchased by the State of California at a nominal price. These lands in the course of 40 or 50 years will again afford delightful shelter and shade and become once more a thing of beauty, as indicated by the cut-over lands of forty years ago. Respectfully submitted, Andrew P. Hill, President. Herbert C. Jones, Secretary. All kinds of garden seeds at H. A. Dickel's.