anaheim-gazette 1910-06-23

THE ROTATION OF CROPS Factor in Orange County Agriculture, Says Twombly The one-crop system of farming is a feature of American agriculture that is widespread in its application. The cheap lands of a new country brought it into existence at a time when our forefathers found it less costly to rob the virgin soil of its fertility and remove to a new location than to continue the fertility of that which they had. "The American husbandman has for two hundred years been robbing future generations of a heritage justly theirs." The "abandoned farm" problem of New England and the Middle States is largely traceable to this practice. Since the Pilgrim fathers landed at Plymouth, the tiller of the soil has ever been pushing westward for in the uncropped lands of the west he found the supply of humus of which his one-crop system had depleted the original farm. Humus is the life of the soil; without it, profitable crops cannot be produced. The soil becomes hard and difficult to work; it loses its power to hold moisture and the plants readily suffer from drought. Plant food becomes so firmly locked in the soil that the crop fails to get it even if the supply is abundant. Humus is vegetable or animal matter in the soil which has undergone a series of chemical changes in this most important factor of soil fertility. Grain and hoed crops deplete the soil of humus very rapidly and a system of farming that involves only these crops will, after a series of years exhaust the humus contents below the point where profitable crops can be produced, unless liberal supplies of barnyard manure are added or cover of Laws and Gilbert in England, in continual wheat growing for forty-eight years, the average yield was twelve and four-tenths bushels, but where wheat was grown in a four years' rotation with fertilizers, the average yield of twelve crops of forty-eight years was twenty-eight and six-tenths bushels. One celery grower who has been growing celery on the same land for twelve years states that his yield has decreased to a marked degree in that time, and he ascribed this decrease to a change of climate and so forth, rather than to the true cause. Many of the diseases of plants are closely associated with soil conditions. Celery blight is due to a fungus, the spores of which are abundant in the soils of old fields; rotation of crops would aid in checking the trouble. Celery following alfalfa would not be as apt to be badly affected as where celery follows celery, continuously. It is believed that during the development of a crop, plants throw off more or less poisonous material, and in time the soil becomes so filled with this toxic principle as to be no longer fit for this crop. Thus the bean grower is troubled with bean sickness, land becomes clover-sick by continuous growing of clover. In arranging a rotation suitable for any locality, the special conditions surrounding that locality must be considered—character of soil, nature of the markets, etc. For the man farming twenty to forty acres in the beet, bean and celery sections of Orange county, the ranch might be divided into two sections and farmed as follows: Alfalfa, four years, followed by celery; this by beets, two years. Rotation for another section might be: Beans for two years, followed by celery and this by beets. The lima bean straw, alfalfa and beet tops should be fed on the ranch. Some BEATING THE Raised Price to Cost The government on sale a cement enough of a curbing as an exhibit. This is the milkclamation service; the cement trust done so effectually mill brings will be the government. In 1904, when the ice was preparing irrigation dam at informed the cemeteries about 300,000 barrels and would be pleased quoted, delivered. Certainly, said that for cement delivery would be $9 a biment was stunned the time of one did not stay stunted. Chief Engineerimation service, wogy is well developed mountain of limes proposed dam site of clay handy. Whereupon the written letter as received. It is not site. We will make Yours affectionate. The trust yelled The cement crowdington. They besieged field and Preside they threatened tha given the contract California and censtates into the demi raise the old Harra But Director Neal said the government a dam and did no Humus is vegetable or animal matter in the soil which has undergone a series of chemical changes in this most important factor of soil fertility. Grain and hoed crops deplete the soil of humus very rapidly and a system of farming that involves only these crops will, after a series of years exhaust the humus contents below the point where profitable crops can be produced, unless liberal supplies of barnyard manure are added or cover crops grown. The value of barnyard manure is due oftentimes as much to the humus-producing power as to the plant food it contains. Continual wheat-growing in California has resulted in the disgraceful average in 1903 of thirteen bushels per acre, whereas in England, under a more intelligent practice, the average yield per acre is thirty-five bushels. The one-crop system not only robs the soil of its humus but, at the same time, it throws the available food supply out of balance. To illustrate: In order to produce a maximum crop, the supply of phosphoric acid, potash and nitrogen must be sufficient to meet the needs of the growing crop. If crops drawing very heavily on the potash supply, as sugar beets or potatoes, be grown continually on the same land, the potash supply is very rapidly exhausted, as well as the humus; the phosphoric acid to a less extent, but it is only a question of time when the mechanical condition of the soil, due to the lack of humus—coupled with the loss of necessary food supply—will reduce the yield of beets from eighteen tons per acre to ten or twelve, and later, less. At the same time, cost of production per acre will remain practically the same. It is plain that the profit per acre will be less. But the grower tells us that he has raised beets on the same land for ten years and that the yield last year was as good as in 1900. Cultural methods may have been better in 1909, climatic conditions were possibly more favorable, but the supply of plant food is an important factor in crop production. A crop of sugar beets of eighteen tons per acre will take from the soil the following amount of plant food per acre, in pounds, annually: | Roots | Tops | Total | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Potash | 76 | 118 | 194 | | Lime | 8 | 108 | 112 | | Phosphoric Acid | 18 | 40 | 58 | | Nitrogen | 30 | 56 | 86 | From an inspection of the above farm records, for the man farming twenty to forty acres in the beet, bean and celery sections of Orange county, the ranch might be divided into two sections and farmed as follows: Alfalfa, four years, followed by celery; this by beets, two years. Rotation for another section might be: Beans for two years, followed by celery and this by beets. The lima bean straw, alfalfa and beet tops should be fed on the ranch. Some commercial fertilizer should be used. Such a course would tend to conserve the fertility of the soil, keep down the plant diseases, distribute the labor more equally over the year and at the same time guard against the misfortune of losing everything if conditions are not favorable for the one corp. The man who produces twenty tons of beets per acre, a carload of celery or twenty sacks of beans is apt to take a more cheerful view of farming as an occupation than the one who is securing half of these returns. These results are possible averages and are made possible by a more intelligent practice; mixing more brains with our farming will tend to give us better results and more contented and successful farm communities. Let the young men and women in the high schools learn something of plant life and how plants live and grow. Let this instruction be carried down into the grammar and primary grades, and then, later on, those who have this training will understand why a celery crop is better adapted to follow alfalfa in a rotation than are beets; why a rotation including only beans and barley continually through a series of years will leave the land in a condition but illly adapted to crop production. This may not come under the schoolmaster's definition of culture, but it is "sense." Any training that fits a young man or woman for his environment, makes more for that person's success than a training that unfits him for that environment. S. S. Twombley. FARMERS' BOYS AND GIRLS Clubs to Interest Them in Work & Recent Development Within recent years a new method of agricultural education has been devised in the form of boys' and girl' clubs. Such clubs have various objects, but usually they provide for prize contests among the members. Corn-grow of the markets, etc. For the man farming twenty to forty acres in the beet, bean and celery sections of Orange county, the ranch might be divided into two sections and farmed as follows: Alfalfa, four years, followed by celery; this by beets, two years. Rotation for another section might be: Beans for two years, followed by celery and this by beets. The lima bean straw, alfalfa and beet tops should be fed on the ranch. Some commercial fertilizer should be used. Such a course would tend to conserve the fertility of the soil, keep down the plant diseases, distribute the labor more equally over the year and at the same time guard against the misfortune of losing everything if conditions are not favorable for the one corp. The man who produces twenty tons of beets per acre, a carload of celery or twenty sacks of beans is apt to take a more cheerful view of farming as an occupation than the one who is securing half of these returns. These results are possible averages and are made possible by a more intelligent practice; mixing more brains with our farming will tend to give us better results and more contented and successful farm communities. Let the young men and women in the high schools learn something of plant life and how plants live and grow. Let this instruction be carried down into the grammar and primary grades, and then, later on, those who have this training will understand why a celery crop is better adapted to follow alfalfa in a rotation than are beets; why a rotation including only beans and barley continually through a series of years will leave the land in a condition but illly adapted to crop production. This may not come under the schoolmaster's definition of culture, but it is "sense." Any training that fits a young man or woman for his environment, makes more for that person's success than a training that unfits him for that environment. S. S. Twombley. FARMER OWNER Crop Values Show Not in Prices The farmer, not Wall street, is the United States. The Of Isaac F. Marcos Munsey's. The glider is another Aladdin Mr. Marcosson, only being a lamp he has ground. Our cereal crop worth $3,000,000,000 client to pay for all items and machines of American industry seems huge and you have only to go in the story of our favorable, but the supply of plant food is an important factor in crop production. A crop of sugar beets of eighteen tons per acre will take from the soil the following amount of plant food per acre, in pounds, annually: Roots Tops Total Potash 76 118 194 Lime 8 108 112 Phosphoric Acid 18 40 58 Nitrogen 30 56 86 From an inspection of the above table, we see that ten years of continuous beet growing will remove from the soil 1940 pounds of potash, 1120 pounds of phosphoric acid and 860 pounds of nitrogen. In addition to this, the soil has lost an enormous quantity of humus, and at the end of this period, if no attempt has been made to conserve the fertility, or plant food been added, the probabilities are that the grower will conclude that the climate has so changed that the growing of sugar beets is no longer profitable. Further inspection of the table shows that if the tops are fed on the ground more than half of the total plant food removed from the soil by the beets is returned in the manure of the animals. To illustrate: Of the total 194 pounds of potash removed by the crop, 118 pounds is found in the tops. If, in addition to this, other crops had been judiciously rotated with the beets, the probabilities are that at the end of the period the humus supply and the plant food of the soil would be sufficient to produce a maximum crop of high quality beets, instead of 8 or 10 tons per acre. What is true of sugar beets is true of celery, beans, barley or corn. In the experiments a training that unfits him for that environment. FARMERS' BOYS AND GIRLS Clubs to Interest Them in Work a Recent Development Within recent years a new method of agricultural education has been devised in the form of boys' and girl' clubs Such clubs have various objects, but usually they provide for prize contests among the members. Corn-growing contests are probably the most common among the boys, although many other crops have been tried, while the girls compete in bread making or sewing, or even test their skill against that of the boys in gardening. The United States Department of Agriculture has information of 395 counties in twenty-eight states in which such clubs are organized, with a total membership of about 144,000. New York has about 75,000 members, Nebraska 25,000 and other states smaller numbers. One county in Pennsylvania has 2000 members. In most cases these clubs are organized under the auspices of some state authority, but in many cases the county superintendent takes the initiative, while in many other cases the rural teachers arrange contests among their own pupils. The United States Department of Agriculture also gives assistance through the office of experiment stations by furnishing advice and suggestions. A new farmers' bulletin on boys' and girls' agricultural clubs tells how to organize the clubs, how to conduct the contests and what publication will be useful to the boys and girls. ANAHEIM GAZETTE BEATING THE CEMENT TRUST Raised Price to $9 a Barrel, Actual Cost was $2.90 The government is about to place on sale a cement mill that is almost enough of a curiosity to be worth buying as an exhibit in a museum. This is the mill with which the reclamation service broke the heart of the cement trust, and the job was done so effectually that whatever the mill brings will be "clean velvet" for the government. In 1904, when the reclamation service was preparing to erect the great irrigation dam at Roosevelt, Ariz., it informed the cement manufacturers of the country that it would require about 300,000 barrels of their product and would be pleased to have a price quoted, delivered. Certainly, said the trust. The price for cement delivered at Roosevelt would be $9 a barrel. The government was stunned, but that was in the time of one T. Roosevelt, and it did not stay stunned long. Chief Engineer Davis of the reclamation service, whose bump of geology is well developed, reported a mountain of limestone just above the proposed dam site, and a fine quality of clay handy. Whereupon the cement trust was written a letter as follows: "Your bid received. It is not accepted by a dam site. We will make our own cement. Yours affectionately, etc." The trust yelled bloody murder. The cement crowd swarmed to Washington. They besieged Secretary Garfield and President Roosevelt, and they threatened that if they were not given the contract they would throw California and certain other western states into the democratic column and raise the old Harry generally. But Director Newell of the service said the government wanted to build a dam and did not want to buy the THE KING'S SALARY England's Ruler Much More Expensive Than Our President The king of England and the president of the United States are alike in one respect—they are both dependent on their respective peoples for their salary and allowances, the purse strings being held by parliament in one case and by congress in the other. The methods of doing things differ in the two countries, but they amount to the same in the end, and the people foot the bills. But the kings cost much more than presidents. Some people thought it a "big raise" when the president's salary was increased from $50,000 to $75,000 a year with $25,000 a year for traveling expenses, but the British king and royal family cost a good many times as much. At the beginning of every reign an annual sum is settled on the king by parliament, and, in addition, allowances are made for each member of his family and for all the expenses pertaining to the royal household and to maintaining the honor and dignity of the crown. Under the British system these expenditures constitute "the civil list," and the amount is kept separate from the ordinary expenses of the government. Formerly certain sources of revenue, called "hereditary revenues," were settled on the crown, out of which not only the royal expenditures proper, but the expenses of the civil service, everything except the army and navy, were to be paid. Under this system the king could use the revenues as he liked, and if he saved anything it went to swell his private purse, while if he ran in debt or created a deficit parliament paid it. The accumulated debt at the end of a reign sometimes amounted to many millions of dollars. Nasal Catarrh quickly yields to treatment by the agreeable, aromatic Ely's Cream Balm. It is received through the nostrils and cleanses and heals the whole surface over which it diffuses itself. Druggists sell the 50c. size. Test it and you are sure to continue the treatment till relieved. Announcement. To accommodate those who are partial to the use of atomizers in applying liquids into the nasal passages for catarrhal troubles, the proprietors prepare Cream Balm in liquid form, which will be known as Ely's Liquid Cream Balm. Price including the spraying tube is 75 cents. Druggists or by mail. The liquid form embodies the medicinal properties of the solid preparation. Anaheim Bakery Peter Spre. Prop. Fresh Bread Cakes and Pies Confectionery, Etc. Wedding Cakes a Specialty Los Angeles and Express Sts. ANAHEIM Cigar Factory ARNOLD & SON, Props. West Center St., Anaheim. Manufacturers of The Anaheim Eagle and Rosebud Cigars. We make a Specialty of Private Box Trade. PLUMBING Plumbing Materials The trust yelled bloody murder. The cement crowd swarmed to Washington. They besieged Secretary Garfield and President Roosevelt, and they threatened that if they were not given the contract they would throw California and certain other western states into the democratic column and raise the old Harry generally. But Director Newell of the service said the government wanted to build a dam and did not want to buy the vote of California or any other state. An appeal to Secretary Garfield confirmed Newell. An appeal to President Roosevelt confirmed Garfield. The pyramid was complete, solid and immovable. Then the trust said its bid was merely informal. It wanted another chance, and of course received it. This time it offered to deliver the cement at Roosevelt for $4.98 a barrel. The bid was referred to Chief Engineer Davis. He said the price was about $2 a barrel too high. A plant costing $150,000 was bought and set up, the machinery being hauled 62 miles from the railroad over desert and mountain roads. It served its purpose admirably. On April 10, 1910, the mill was shut down, the big dam being completed, and a final inventory made. This showed that the mill had turned out 337,000 barrels of cement, and that the unit cost, including the initial cost of the plant and the expense of maintenance and operation, had been $2.90 a barrel, and that the total saving to the government, even if the mill cannot be sold for a cent, aggregated $675,000. FARMER OWNS NATION Crop Values Show Money Kings Are Not in Possession The farmer, not the money king of Wall street, is the real owner of the United States. This is the opinion of Isaac F. Marcosson, expressed in Munsey's. The glean of his fields is another Aladdin story, continues Mr. Marcosson, only instead of rubbing a lamp he has simply scraped the ground. Our cereal crops last year were worth $3,000,000,000, which is sufficient to pay for all the tools, implements and machinery of the whole American industry. While this sum seems huge as it stands alone, you have only to go back a few years in the story of our agriculture to the royal expenditures proper, but the expenses of the civil service, everything except the army and navy, were to be paid. Under this system the king could use the revenues as he liked, and if he saved anything it went to swell his private purse, while if he ran in debt or created a deficit parliament paid it. The accumulated debt at the end of a reign sometimes amounted to many millions of dollars. The present system of making what might be called specific appropriations for the crown dates from the reign of George III, when the national debt was so enormously increased by the American war that the people demanded reform, especially in the abuses of the civil list, and in the practice of conferring life pensions on royal favorites. In 1782 parliament passed a civil list act abolishing many useless offices, reducing the pension list, and providing for closer supervision of the royal expenditures. During the reign of George III, parliament paid debts of his contracting amounting to $16,990,000, and from that time forward parliament made specific appropriations for the crown. At the beginning of Queen Victoria’s reign the annual grants for the crown were fixed, and sums voted as follows: Privy purse, $300,000; salaries of household, $656,300; royal bounty, $66,000; contingent, $40,000; total, $1,925,000. In addition the queen might grant life pensions, not to exceed $6000 a year in any case, to persons whom she might consider worthy, provided that all pensions granted should be reported to parliament by the 20th of July of each year. On the accession of King Edward VII (1901) it became necessary to readjust the civil list, and a committee was appointed to investigate and report on the subject. The committee reported a bill, which was passed, increasing the annual appropriation for the civil list from $1,925,000 to $2,350,000, distributed as follows: Their majesties privy purse, $550,000; second class salaries of royal household, $629,000; third class expenses of royal household, $965,000; repair and decoration of royal palaces, $100,000; royal bounty and alms, $66,000; contingent, $40,000. In addition parliament granted an annual allowance of $100,000 to the Prince of Wales, $50,000 to his wife, and $40,000 each to the king’s three daughters, and oth er special grants. By the death of King Edward, Queen Alexandria... Munsey's. The glean of his fields is another Aladdin story, continues Mr. Marcosson, only instead of rubbing a lamp he has simply scraped the ground. Our cereal crops last year were worth $3,000,000,000, which is sufficient to pay for all the tools, implements and machinery of the whole of American industry. While this sum seems huge as it stands alone, you have only to go back a few years in the story of our agriculture to see the miracle of steady increase that has been achieved. Eleven years ago the value of all our farm products for a single year was reckoned at $1,417,000,000. You have already seen how that figure was doubled by 1909. During these years the sum total that the soil has yielded the farmers is $70,000,000,000. The advance is so steady and sure that you can almost calculate upon it year by year. Compare this record with the ebb and flow of earnings in steel or any other industry and you will realize as never before how agriculture keeps the even tenor of its prosperous way, unmindful of panic or depression. Why? Simply because land is stable and, given proper methods of farming, the more you take out of it the more valuable it becomes. It can not be moved away; it is, in truth, the very foundation of the nation's material welfare. It would take $24,000,000 to buy our farm lands, and their value is real and not watered, save by irrigation. If you have not the time to come to our place of business ask to have one of our traveling salesmen to call on you. Wm. F. Lutz Co., Santa Ana. Their majesties privy purse, $550,000; second class salaries of royal household, $629,000; third class expenses of royal household, $965,000; repair and decoration of royal palaces, $100,-000; royal bounty and alms, $66,000; contingent, $40,000. In addition parliament granted an annual allowance of $100,000 to the Prince of Wales, $50,000 to his wife, and $40,000 each to the king's three daughters, and oth er special grants. By the death of King Edward, Queen Alexandria comes into a life pension of $350,000 a year, and all of the surviving children of Queen Victoria continue to draw life pensions. It is not likely there will be any material reduction in the civil list granted George V from that of King Edward, which totaled $2,350,000 a year. Compared with this, the president's salary of $75,000 a year, with $25,000 for traveling expenses, does not seem excessive. STEEL LINE POSTS For any wire fencing. Sets equally well in ground direct or with concrete. Ask your hardware dealer. If he does not carry in stock write us for literature and discounts. No. 100, List Price, 50c. Southwestern Machinery and Supply Co. (Inc.) CENTRAL BLDG. Los Angeles A Reliable Remedy FOR CATARRH Ely's Cream Balm is quickly absorbed. Gives Relief at Once. It cleanses, soothes, heals and protects the diseased membrane resulting from Catarrh and drives away a Cold in the Head quickly. Restores the Senses of Taste and Smell. Full size 50 cts. at Druggists or by mail. Liquid Cream Balm for use in atomizers 75 cts. Ely Brothers, 56 Warren Street, New York. BERRIES AND Fresh Vegetables EVERY DAY Just Received a fresh line of Cheese, and imported Italian Macaronies and Noodles At Dickel's Sole Agent for New Home Washing Machine. Best Washer on Earth. Nagel’s Hardware 136 E. Center St., Anaheim, Cal., handles everything in light and heavy Hardware, Garden Hose, Garden Tools, Poultry Wire, Screen Wire, Lawn Mowers, Oil Stoves, Gas Stoves, Plates and Ranges, Refrigerators, Ice Cream Freezers, Queensware, Glassware, Tinware, Graniteware, Cooking Utensils, and a full line of Paints and Oils. A. NAGEL 136 E. Center St., Anaheim, California EAST AND BACK EAST AND BACK VIA SOUTHERN PACIFIC From nearly all points in Southern California ROUND TRIP TICKETS will be sold as follows. Slightly higher fares will apply from a few points TO ROUND TRIP FARES Atchison, Kansas ... $60.00 Baltimore, Md ... 107.50 Boston, Mass ... 110.50 Chicago, Ill ... 72.50 Colorado Springs, Colo ... 55.00 Council Bluffs, Iowa ... 60.00 Denver, Colo ... 55.00 Duluth, Minn ... 79.50 Houston, Texas ... 60.00 Kansas City, Mo ... 60.00 Leavenworth, Kansas ... 60.00 Memphis, Tenn ... 67.50 Mineola, Texas ... 60.00 Minneapolis, Minn ... 73.50 Montreal, P.Q ... 108.50 New Orleans, La ... 67.50 New York, N.Y... 108.50 Omaha, Neb ... 60.00 Pacific Junction, Iowa ... 60.00 Philadelphia, Pa ... 108.50 Pueblo, Colo ... 55.00 St. Joseph, Mo ... 60.00 St. Louis, Mo ... 67.50 St. Paul, Minn ... 73.50 Toronto, Ont ... 95.70 Washington, D.C... 107.50 SALE DATES June 2, 3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26 and 30. July 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 25, 26, 27. August 1, 2, 3, 4, 16, 17, 18. September 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 14. Tickets may be purchased 10 days in advance of dates named but must be used for passage on those dates. TO COLORADO POINTS Tickets will be sold to Denver, Colorado Springs and Pueblo on all above named dates, and also on Sept. 21, 22 and 23, at $55.00 Round Trip. GOING AND RETURN LIMITS 15 days on going trip to reach destination of ticket, and final return limit three months. EXCEPT that tickets sold in May and June to Atlantic Coast Points in connection with European tickets will be limited to FOUR months. In no case will limit extend beyond October 31st, 1910. SOME CONVENTIONS For which reduced fares will be made. Return limit of all tickets, three months, but not later than Oct.31,1910. ST. LOUIS—American Medical Association. Sale dates, June 2, 3, 4. Fare,$67.50. BOSTON—National Education Association. Sale dates, June 24, 25, 26, 30. Fare $91.75. SARATOGA SPRINGS—B. Y.P.U. SOME CONVENTIONS For which reduced fares will be made. Return limit of all tickets, three months, but not later than Oct. 31, 1910 ST. LOUIS—American Medical Association. Sale dates, June 2, 3, 4. Fare, $67.50. BOSTON—National Education Association. Sale dates, June 24, 25, 26, 30. Fare $91.75. SARATOGA SPRINGS—B. Y. P. U. Sale dates, June 30, July 1, 2, 3. Fare $98.10. DETROIT—B. P. Order of Elks. Sale dates, July 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Fare $81.00. MILWAUKEE—Knights of Pythias. Sale dates, July 25, 26, 27. Fare $74.50. CHICAGO—Knights Templar Conclave. Sale dates, August 1, 2, 3, 4. Fare $72.50. ST. LOUIS—Eagles. Sale dates, August 16, 17, 18. Fare $67.50. ATLANTIC CITY—Grand Army of the Republic. Sale dates, Sept. 11, 12, 13, 14. Fare $101.90. PUEBLO—National Irrigation Congress. Sale dates, Sept. 21, 22, 23. Fare $55.00 to Pueblo, Colorado Springs and Denver. DIVERSE ROUTES—Tickets will be sold going via any direct route and returning via another, if desired, without extra charge. For the trip ONE WAY VIA SHASTA Route and Portland, an extra charge of $24.50 from Los Angeles will be made. Proportionate charge from other stations. For more particular information, stop-over arrangements, etc., see J. M. PICKERING, Agt., Anaheim. Phones, Pacific 1231, Home 1724 SOUTHERN PACIFIC Subscribe For The ANAHEIM GAZETTE The Paper with the News