anaheim-gazette 1910-04-14

VARIETIES OF WALNUTS BY RALPH E. SMITH UPPERMOST QUESTION TO WALNUT PLANTERS WHAT IS BEST VARIETY Quality and Quantity of Nuts Produced of First Importance—Blight Immunity Significant Consideration — Factors to Influence Production of a Walnut Tree—Ideal Tree Should Produce 200 Lbs. of Nuts Per Year Prof. Ralph E. Smith of the Whittier pathological station has issued the following bulletin upon Varieties of Walnuts: The recent discussions in the horticultural press regarding varieties of walnuts are very significant of the present status of the walnut industry in California. It is but a few years, I might almost say months, since the main question at issue in the popular mind was the seedling versus the grafted tree. Of late, however, the standing of the latter has become so thoroughly established that it is only the exceptional case where seedling walnuts are now planted. Although long recognized by those who had given the matter careful study and consideration that distinct varieties of walnuts, propagated by grafting or budding, were certain to supplant the seedling, it has taken several years for the popular mind to grasp the fact that there is nothing impossible or extremely difficult in the propagation of the walnut tree by the same methods employed with other fruits and that there is nothing so peculiar about the walnut tree that all the trees in the grove cannot be made of defin- The essential qualities of the walnut may be grouped into production, quality and season. These are all extremely important and no nut should be taken up or rejected on the basis of one without considering the others. That is to say, a nut of the very finest quality may be almost worthless for planting on account of poor production, while one of inferior quality may be more desirable on account of being produced in great abundance. The ideal or perfect nut for any locality will of course be one which combines a high grade of production and quality and also matures its nuts at the proper season. We must not forget in considering these qualities that having to do with a grafted tree the influence of the root must be considered as well as the qualities of the top, for sometimes we find a tree having a desirable type of nut but of poor, weak growth and small production, which may be very much better in these respects when grafted on a vigorous root. We do not propose, however, to consider the matter of the root in this article but simply assume that the tree is grown upon one which enables it to make a good development. In the present status of the walnut industry it cannot be denied that the quantity of nuts which a tree produces is of first importance, so long as the nuts are of commercial size and not particularly undesirable in quality. The production of a walnut tree is influenced by the following factors: 1. Natural tendency of the tree in regard to forming fruit buds. 2. Vigor of growth. 3. Relative period of bloom. 4. Immunity to disease or injurious influences, chief of which are the blight, frost, sunburn, and perforation. In order to be a lagre producer a tree must be one which naturally form an abundance of fruit and is of vig- the matter careful study and consideration that distinct varieties of walnuts, propagated by grafting or budding, were certain to supplant the seedling, it has taken several years for the popular mind to grasp the fact that there is nothing impossible or extremely difficult in the propagation of the walnut tree by the same methods employed with other fruits and that there is nothing so peculiar about the walnut tree that all the trees in the grove cannot be made of definite, uniform, high grade quality and characteristics. The question now uppermost in the mind of the prospective walnut planter seems to be what is the best variety. It is with the object of shedding some light upon this point that the present article is written. In the first place, most or in fact all of the present varieties which are now upon the market have not been sufficiently tested to justify any one in judging them too critically at this time or recommending them for general planting all over the state. The change of sentiment from the seedling to the grafted tree and the planting of the latter has been so recent and limited that no one can say that this or that is the best variety or even that it is a good variety for planting everywhere. Even the few kinds of which comparatively old plantings exist have been tried only in a few places to a very limited extent and their merits cannot be safely judged except in the particular localities where they have been thoroughly tested. In the case of most of the varieties which are now being offered their reputation rests entirely upon one tree growing in one place, or at most upon a very few young trees which have been propagated from the original. It is therefore manifestly unfair to either highly recommend or condemn these varieties for general planting. We can only select and try those which seem most promising. The prospective walnut planter should understand that most of the varieties which have received names by which they are known and advertised represent simply trees here and there about the state which have looked particularly good to some one who has had the enterprise to name and propagate them. Many a grower who is now buying some fancy named variety at a high price may have trees equally as good or better for his locality in his own orchard, if he would take the trouble to find them. In fact, one who wishes to plant walnuts might do much worse in the present condition not particularly undesirable in quality. The production of a walnut tree is influenced by the following factors: 1. Natural tendency of the tree in regard to forming fruit buds. 2. Vigor of growth. 3. Relative period of bloom. 4. Immunity to disease or injurious influences, chief of which are the blight, frost, sunburn, and perforation. In order to be a lagre producer a tree must be one which naturally form an abundance of fruit and is of vigorous growth, so as to develop a large fruiting area. It must be one with plenty of staminate bloom or catkins, as well as producing the young nuts or pistillate flowers, and one in which the two forms of bloom come out well together. Of the injurious or unfavorable influences mentioned, some are of more importance in one locality and others in another. The prospective planter should endeavor to assure himself that the variety which he proposes to plant is as immune as possible to all of these. Blight immunity is one of the most important considerations in walnuts and we may say in passing that several good varieties now exist which are almost perfect in this respect. In general, the trees which come out latest in spring are least affected by the blight, thus escaping rather than resisting the infection. Varieties vary somewhat, however, in actual resistance under similar conditions. In judging blight immunity one should be sure that the tree has been plentifully exposed to the disease and remained free from blight each season when surrounding-trees under similar conditions were badly affected. We have more than a suspicion that some of the so-called blight immunes have never been really tested by exposure to abundant infection. Immunity to sunburn is of the greatest importance in districts not near the coast; and very desirable everywhere on account of occasional hot periods. It is secured by abundant foliage and a thick husk over the nut. Frost immunity is extremely necessary in some localities and secured by the buds being late in developing in the spring. Thus a rather late tree is desirable both from frost and blight immunity, but it must not be too late in maturing its crop in the fall. The production of nuts with imperfectly formed shells, commonly called "perforation," is common in some trees and not in others. This troubling out intact of the shell without the best meated walnut equals or slightly exceeds less than 45 per cent weight. The meat shows attractive color, sweetness and rather soft sensibility. The walnuts now state vary over several gardens to the time at w ripen. It is desirable should be ready for harvest as possible in order into the holiday market toplete the harvest before season begins. To sum up then, it is one which at maturity least 200 pounds per minute to blight, frost, saturation, and any other injury. It bears a relatively large size, symmetrical smooth surface, medium shell, firm sealing, and The nut is well filled with light color and pleasurable matures before the fruit. It must sustain these after year and not be performance of a single item. It is not to be expected one variety will fulfillments in every section and in fact it will perform even in a single or more than one variety. The greatest opportunity California walnut industry in finding the best listing in the state for variations and determining its performance. The Experiment Whittier is engaged in testing every variety as very many of its species to locate an end sample nuts of ewalnut tree in the state case of varieties of an age of the owner. Y.M.C.A. CONFERENCE Fourth Annual Meeting Here April The fourth annual Y convention will be held April 22-24. The committee have ed some very strong they are known and advertised represent simply trees here and there about the state which have looked particularly good to some one who has had the enterprise to name and propagate them. Many a grower who is now buying some fancy named variety at a high price may have trees equally as good or better for his locality in his own orchard, if he would take the trouble to find them. In fact, one who wishes to plant walnuts might do much worse in the present condition of the industry than to find the very best tree which he can in his own vicinity and arrange for propagating stock of the same. If he can find a tree which is known to bear regularly large crops of merchantable nuts there is no reason why he may not confidently expect to reproduce this quality by grafting from such a tree, and he will be able to look forward with almost complete assurance of the future behavior of his orchard. We may also say that in almost every case young trees grafted from an old one upon thrifty roots do better than the original, particularly in regard to size of the nuts. The point which we particularly desire to emphasize is that the first question must be, not which is a good variety, but what is a good variety of walnut. In other words the most essential consideration for the walnut planter to have in mind is an ideal or standard of what a commercially desirable walnut really is. We therefore offer the following as a guide in this direction, and recommend that in judging the value of any variety or particular tree these points be carefully considered and inquired into: Frost immunity is extremely necessary in some localities and secured by the buds being late in developing in the spring. Thus a rather late tree is desirable both from frost and blight immunity, but it must not be too late in maturing its crop in the fall. The production of nuts with imperfectly formed shells, commonly called "perforation," is common in some trees and not in others. This trouble is serious enough to warrant its careful consideration. The actual amount of the product to be expected varies widely, but it may be said in a general way that the ideal walnut tree ought to produce at least 200 pounds of nuts per year when from fifteen to eighteen years of age. Many trees exceed this, although the average of even the best present orchards is far below it. No variety should be considered as at all satisfactory which produces less than 100 pounds. High quality in walnuts is extremely desirable as in any other fruit, but one should avoid the common mistake of judging a variety by a few sample nuts without having any idea of the amount which it will produce in his particular locality. The ideal walnut is moderately but not excessively large. In commercial grading all nuts which will not pass through a 1-1-64 inch screen go into the first grade. Nuts slightly larger than this are desirable and usually sell at a premium, but extremely large monstrosities have only a very limited demand and should not be considered for extensive commercial planting. Senator Overman said: It deserved to be defended as irregular as the T game. A man described: One-eyed Bones held four kings and an aggered Schermerhorn, on four aces and a king. And you—what did you ask excitedly? I, being the coroner, quest, was the reply. ANAHEIM GAZETTE The ideal walnut is not limited to any specific shape but it should be symmetrical and pleasing to the eye. Commonly a nut which is rather broader at the base than at the apex has the best appearance. A smooth, even sufrace is more desirable than one which is rough and deeply grooved. Extreme thinness of shell is not, as is sometimes supposed, necessary or even desirable, as the nut of this quality will not stand shipping and rough handling. The shell should be thin enough to crack with moderate pressure but strong enough to withstand any ordinary handling in the sack. An important quality is the manner in which the two halves of the shell are sealed together. Many otherwise good nuts are deficient in this quality, since they crack open at the slightest pressure or when exposed to the sun in drying. The ideal walnut should be thoroughly sealed, so that it will not split open along the natural texture much easier than at any other point. Walnuts of a light, yellowish color are more desirable than those which are dark. The best nuts should be of sufficiently attractive color to make bleaching unnecessary unless they become stained by rain or mud. The meat should be full and plump, filling the shell quite completely, but coming out intact from the halves of the shell without difficulty. In the best meated walnuts the meat equals or slightly exceeds the shell in weight. Some good nuts fall a little short of this, but no nut should be considered satisfactory in this respect in which the meat comprises less than 45 per cent of the total weight. The meat should be of light, attractive color, sweet, "nutty" flavor and rather soft consistency. The walnuts now growing in this GOL. ROYER TO EQUIP TWO K. OF P. COMPANIES Will Supply Needs of Both Artillery and Cavalry, Drill Grounds Included Damon and Pythias, the legendary gods of the order founded upon the brotherly love they displayed for each other, may yet take second place in the affections of Southern California Knights of Pythias. Certainly, the lavish liberality of Colonel J. O. Royer, a multi-millionaire resident of Anaheim, will compel the admiration of the entire fraternity. Colonel Royer is completing plans to furnish the equipment for a battery of light artillery and a troop of cavalry. He also proposes to asphalt the surface of a ten-acre plot of Anaheim acres for a drill ground for the Uniformed Rank, Knights of Pythias. Pythians in and about Los Angeles have been surprised and pleased many times by the generosity of Colonel Royer, but his plan to equip a battery and a cavalry troop come as a climax to his gifts. Those familiar with the Dick act know that the Uniformed Rank of the Knights of Pythias is subject to the call of the nation's chief executive in time of war. The members of the order, drilled and officered by competent men, are third in the list, the regular army and the state militia being first and second. Royer is colonel of a regiment of the uniformed rank and the military strongly appeals to him. When his purpose to furnish the battery, uniforms, horses, sabers and carbines for the artillery and cavalry and also a ten-acre drill ground, became known to a favored few among the officials of the order, their joy scarcely knew any bounds. They gave voice to their feelings when it was announced that these gifts would be furnished Drying preparations simply develop dry catarrh; they dry up the secretions, which adhere to the membrane and decompose, causing a far more serious trouble than the ordinary form of catarrh. Avoid all drying inhalants, fumes, smokes and snuffs and use that which cleanses, soothes and heals. Ely's Cream Balm will master catarrh or cold in the head easily and pleasantly. All druggists sell the 50 cent size. Ely Brothers, 56 Warren Street, New York. The Balm is used without pain, does not irritate or cause sneezing. It spreads itself over an irritated and angry surface, relieving immediately the painful inflammation. Ely's Cream Balm contains no cocaine, mercury nor other harmful drugs. PLUMBING Plumbing Materials WATER SEWER All Plumbing Repairs We Contract to Furnish all the Materials and Do the Work, or Furnish the Materials only Get Our Prices JAMES W. HELLMAN Hardware, Stoves, Etc. 157-161 N. Spring St. LOS ANGELES Oranges - Walnuts 1500 Fine Valencia Orange Trees 250 Grafted Walnuts (Placentia Perfection) Apples, Peaches, Plums, Pearls Apricots, Etc. coming out intact from the halves of the shell without difficulty. In the best meated walnuts the meat equals or slightly exceeds the shell in weight. Some good nuts fall a little short of this, but no nut should be considered satisfactory in this respect in which the meat comprises less than 45 per cent of the total weight. The meat should be of light, attractive color, sweet, "nutty" flavor and rather soft consistency. The walnuts now growing in this state vary over several month in regard to the time at which their nuts ripen. It is desirable that the crop should be ready for harvest as early as possible in order to get the nuts into the holiday market and also complete the harvest before the rainy season begins. To sum up then, the ideal walnut is one which at maturity averages at least 200 pounds per year. It is immune to blight, frost, sunburn, perforation, and any other serious disease or injury. It bears a nut of moderately large size, symmetrical shape, smooth surface, medium thickness of shell, firm sealing, and light color. The nut is well filled with meat of light color and pleasing taste and matures before the fall rains occur. It must sustain these qualities year after year and not be judged by the performance of a single season. It is not to be expected that any one variety will fulfill these requirements in every section of the state, and in fact it will probably be better even in a single orchard to have more than one variety represented. The greatest opportunities in the California walnut industry at present lie in finding the best trees now existing in the state for the various sections and determining their adaptation. The Experiment Station at Whittier is engaged in gorwing and testing every variety offered as well as very many of its own selection. We desire to locate and obtain sclons and sample nuts of every promising walnut tree in the state and in the case of varieties of any merit will arrange to test the same to the advantage of the owner. Y.M.C.A. CONVENTION Fourth Annual Meeting to Be Held Here April 22-24 The fourth annual Y.M.C.A. county convention will be held in this city April 22-24. The committee have already secured some very strong speakers and Royer is colonel of a regiment of the uniformed rank and the military strongly appeals to him. When his purpose to furnish the battery, uniforms, horses, sabers and carbines for the artillery and cavalry and also a ten-acre drill ground, became known to a favored few among the officials of the order, their joy scarcely knew any bounds. They gave voice to their feelings when it was announced that these gifts would be furnished after the state encampment of the uniformed rank, to be held at Santa Cruz the coming summer. Here is what he is planning to do aside from equipping the battery of artillery, cavalry troop and drill ground: He will head a delegation of twenty-five Knights to Los Angeles April 16th where he and his companions will be initiated into the mysteries of the Dramatic Order of the Knights of Khorassan. As on other occasions Colonel Royer has insisted upon the right to pay all the expenses of the initiation and the special coach. He will charter a special train to the grand lodge session at Santa Cruz, May 15, taking as his guests 300 members of the uniformed rank. His liberality is to be manifested again at the state encampment at Santa Cruz. He has provided a reduced rate for all Southern California Knights of Pythias, the Anaheim Knights excepted, as they are made his guests.—L. A. Examiner. Clinton Briggs, recently arrived from British Columbia, has purchased the Thomas Ahern 35-acre place east of town for a consideration of $17,000. Mr. Briggs is an old-time friend of W. J. Elliott, who met him at Long Beach and prevailed upon him to visit this section. He liked the section so well that he resolved to locate,and purchased Mr. Ahern's fine ranch. Mr. Briggs will return north to settle up his business affairs and will return here in the near future. A BIT OF ADVICE First—Don't Delay. Second — Don't Experiment If you suffer from backache; headaches or dizzy spells; if you rest poorly and are languid in the morning; if the kidney secretions are irregular and unnatural in appearance, do not delay. The kidneys are calling for help. Slight symptoms of kidney trou Y.M.C.A. CONVENTION Fourth Annual Meeting to Be Held Here April 22-24 The fourth annual Y.M.C.A. county convention will be held in this city April 22-24. The committee have already secured some very strong speakers and others are expected to accept places on the program. Without doubt it will be the strongest program the association has brought to the county, and we trust you will show your appreciation by attending all the sessions. The committee not only urge all association members to attend, but we would like to have all Sunday schools and young people's societies send delegates. The sessions of the convention will be open to men and women, old and young, who are interested in the welfare of the boys an young men of Orange county. All pastors of the county are urged to attend as delegates. Convention Committee. Senator Overman said the other day of a defeated bill: It deserved to be defeated. It was as irregular as the Tin Can poker game. A man describing this game, said: One-eyed Bones, on my right, held four kings and an ace. Two-fingered Schermerhorn, on my left, held four aces and a king. And you—what did you hold? some one asked excitedly. I, being the coroner, held the inquest, was the reply. A BIT OF ADVICE First—Don't Delay. Second — Don't Experiment If you suffer from backache; headaches or dizzy spells; if you rest poorly and are languid in the morning; if the kidney secretions are irregular and unnatural in appearance, do not delay. The kidneys are calling for help. Slight symptoms of kidney trouble are but forerunners of more serious complaints. They should be given attention before it is too late. Doan's Kidney Pills cure kidney trouble. They are recommended by thousands. Can Anaheim residents desire more convincing proof than the statement of an Anaheim citizen who says that the cure Doan's Kidney Pills effected years ago has proven permanent? Mrs. E. Kraatz, S. Claudina street, Anaheim, Cal., says: "In May, 1907, I publicly recommended Doan's Kidney Pills in return for the benefit my son had received from their use. For a number of years he was troubled by a weak back and other symptoms of disordered kidneys. Doan's Kidney Pills, procured at Mullinix's Drug Store, removed his trouble and made him feel better in every way. The fact that over two years have since passed without a return of kidney complaint, increases my faith in Doan's Kidney Pills." For sale by all dealers. Price 50 cents. Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo, New York, sole agents for the United States. Remember the name—Doan's—and take no other. THursday, April 14 THE First National Bank Capital Stock, $50,000.00 BOARD OF DIRECTORS JOHN HARTUNG, President. FRANK SHANLEY, A. S. BRADFORD, 1st VICE PRES'T 2d VICE PRES'T EDGAR J. HARTUNG, Cashier. O. STORM and O. BEEBE, Ass't Cashiers. INTEREST PAID on TIME DEPOSITS Peter Stoffel HEADQUARTERS FOR FRESH VEGETABLES Kansas Hard-wheat Flour Consignments of Staple and Fancy Groceries Received Daily. Phones Pacific 237 Home 1103 PETER STOFFEL, Prop. Electric Power Is The Cheap Power Because: Cost of installation is less; labor for operating is saved; less floor space is required; friction and wear and tear are reduced to a minimum; repair bills are obviated; injury to building by vi- Electric Power Is The Cheap Power Because: Cost of installation is less; labor for operating is saved; less floor space is required; friction and wear and tear are reduced to a minimum; repair bills are obviated; injury to building by vibration is eliminated; there is no loss in the shafting and pulleys; no energy lost in getting started; always ready; always reliable; service is always perfect. Southern California Edison Co. Palace Market Schumacher & Schneider Proprietors Choice Fresh and Salted Meats Exclusive Agents for Clover Glen Creamery Butter Telephone Main 51 Meats Delivered to all parts of city H. H. Gardner Co. HEADQUARTERS FOR Ice, Hay, Grain, Coal, Wood, Oil and Gasoline, Poultry Supplies, Stock Foods & Tonics, Yorkshire Hero Peas, Onion Sets and Cabbage Seed. A TRIAL ORDER WILL CONVINCE YOU. C. B. HALLEY, - MANAGER, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA. PHONES, HOME 1542, MAIN 91. California Wine Co. F. Conrad & Son, Props. Center Street Anaheim California Wine Co. F. Conrad & Son, Props. Center Street - Anaheim Wholesale Wine and Liquor Merchants Best Brands of Bottled Beer. Delivery Made Everywhere HENSHAW, BULKLEY & CO. 262-64 So. Los Angeles St. Los Angeles IRRIGATION PLANTS INSTALLED COMPLETE MACHINERY of all kinds, including road making machinery, levelers, scrapers, hardpan ploughs, etc. Full stock always on hand. GASOLINE ENGINES CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS LUMBER, CEMENT, BRICK ARDEN PLASTER MILL WORK Beveled Well Curbing C.GANAHL LUMBER COMPANY CHAS F. GRIM. Manager "Hercules" team harness is made right. No short dimensions or light weight stock. Wickersheim Implement Co., Fullerton. O. LAGMAN, BUILDER. Graduated as Architect in 1885 Will Furnish Plans, Specifications and Estimates Free of Cost Will Build Mod. 5-R'm House, $1,000 " " " 7-R'm " 1,400 If you have a lot I will Build a House On Monthly Payments Pacific 111 406 E. Center St