anaheim-gazette 1910-01-06

DAIRY COW AND HER RECORD DR. LEROY ANDERSON WRITES A TIMELY TOPIC A Policy of Education to Be Followed by Agricultural Experiment Station—Improving City Supply of Milk—Reform of Many Conditions Dr. Leroy Anderson, superintendent of the state form at Davis, has favored us with a copy of his bulletin up on The Dairy Cow and Her Record, which will be found of timely interest to dairy men. From its pages the following is taken: In response to an urgent request from the leading dairy interests in Southern California for assistance in improving the city milk supply, the writer made an inspection of the conditions, and in consultation with the dairymen decided upon a general policy of education, of which this Bulletin is the first public evidence. The writer is of the opinion that the reform of many conditions, now undesirable in the methods of producing milk, can be better reached through the commercial aspect of the business and through education of the producer and the consumer than through drastic and radical legislation. The conditions under which milk is produced about Los Angeles are not materially different from conditions in other populous centers, except that nature is possibly more kind in granting more sunshine and less rain and a more porous soil, all of which tend toward an easier cleanliness. What we may have to offer, therefore, of advice or counsel, or of instruction, is applicable to all of California. We hope that the man who is producing and selling directly to consumers in the smaller towns and cities, whether he has one cow or cts. per lb., $204.29; cost of food, $102.50; profit over food alone, $101.79. Imp—Lbs. fat, 530.39; value at 30 cts. per lb., $159.12; cost of food, $102.50; profit over food alone, $56.62. Black has about twice as much left as Imp to pay for food and care, besides undoubtedly returning a more valuable calf. Fred H. Harvey of Galt is one of the very few dairymen in the state who are testing their cows regularly and thus keeping a systematic record of their production. His tests are made once per month and each for two milkings covering a period of twenty-four hours. The method does not give an accurate measure of what the cow is doing, but gives a close approximation, which is exceedingly valuable to the owner. We are the more pleased to use Mr. Harvey's records, because he has a large herd of two hundred or more cows and we are being continually told that it is all right for a man with a few cows to test them, but when one has fifty or more it is too expensive. But Mr. Harvey not only does not find it too expensive, but finds it very profitable; for the evident reason that he knows which cows are profitable' and which unprofitable. The bookkeeper of his ranch of three thousand acres does the testing and keeps the records. The year 1907-8 was an unfavorable one at the Harvey ranch for the dairy herd. The usual feed is pasturage during the spring and early summer months on such natural upland grasses as foxtail, alfileria and burr clover; later upon alfalfa and plenty of alfalfa hay during rainy weather. No grain is fed. The high water of March, 1907, killed all of the alfalfa and thus the mainstay of the ration was lost for the year and the cows suffered accordingly. Mr. Harvey says the yield would have been ab- those whose tendency to milk. The history of Holstein cattle is known, in legend more than two thousands, the important part in a study of the soil, climate which make up the form of their environment or period. The native holstein is that portion of lying contiguous to where the climate is both by reason of much degree of precipitation that dense, clayey natu- the large amount of moisture induces luxuriant growth. This combination also turage which carries a lot of water and a correct content of dry or nutritious Holland dairy practice for the most part, to calve during the spring to have them in the field when turned from winters pasture. The cows, the heaviest milking period time when they were sume the most food if duce milk as well as and growth, were for the needed sustenance valling' luxuriant but In order to secure suplement,the cow must take large amounts of this and the natural result was to develop a larger correspondingly larger pacity. The correlationthe size was to make upon the bony structure somewhat coarse and what is more to our is the effect of these ties of watery food uption. The natural resi- induce a flow of milk equaled in quantity by that percentage of butter f materially different from conditions in other populous centers, except that nature is possibly more kind in granting more sunshine and less rain and a more porous soil, all of which tend toward an easier cleanliness. What we may have to offer, therefore, of advice or counsel, or of instruction, is applicable to all of California. We hope that the man who is producing and selling directly to consumers in the smaller towns and cities, whether he has one cow or forty, may receive an incentive to have better cows and to keep them in a clean and healthy condition. In cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles, where large wholesalers act as distributing agencies between the producer and consumer and pasteurize all the milk, some of the dangers that might result from disease of the cow and uncleanliness are obviated. It does not have a pretty sound to say that lack of care on the part of the producers is partly the reason for the expensive pasteurization which the wholesalers now give to milk. Pasteurization, however, is one of the advance steps toward a healthier race and some day this will give way to such clean methods of producing milk that it will not be necessary. That is the goal toward which we are all striving. Just how to produce a perfectly clean milk and of what it consists is not the purpose of this Bulletin. That will come in later publications. It is sufficient to say that it costs money to produce such milk, which cost must be met by a higher selling price or by more profitable cows, or both. The cow is especially in our mind just now and we call the reader's attention to records of cows taken from different sources to show by actual figures how cows vary in return to their owners from similar outlay for food and care. BLACK AND IMP. The first two pictures are of cows owned by the California Polytechnic School at San Luis Obispo. Black is a grade cow and now seven years old, while Imp is an Ayrshire of the same age. Black is of good dairy type and a cow of much vigor and of much persistence as a milker. She does not pose well for the photographer. Imp shows good vigor but not a good dairy type. At the School the milk is weighed from each cow at every milking and is tested at frequent intervals. Here are their records for two years: Black—1906: Lbs milk, 7672.5; Lbs fat, 361.37; 1907: lbs milk, 6120.4; lbs fat, 286.27; total fat, 2 years one at the Harvey ranch for the dairy herd. The usual feed is pasturage during the spring and early summer months on such natural upland grasses as foxtail, alfalfa and burr clover; later upon alfalfa and plenty of alfalfa hay during rainy weather. No grain is fed. The high water of March, 1907, killed all of the alfalfa and thus the mainstay of the ration was lost for the year and the cows suffered accordingly. Mr. Harvey says the yield would have been about fifty per cent higher with proper food, i.e., a cow producing 200 pounds of fat the past year would produce 300 under the usual conditions. He writes, "This is proven by my general record of the dairy and also from the net income derived, which last year was about $20 per head and for several years previous was about $20 per head." Records of ten of the cows are given. The date indicates the day of the month the milk was weighed and tested, which date was about the 20th. The fat produced on this day is multiplied by the number of days intervening since the last preceding test and this result taken as the yield of butter fat for the month. The date of beginning the record is from one to two weeks after the cow drops her calf and in each case we have thought best to give both dates. The record, for the first period is, therefore, often for only a few days, which fact must be taken into consideration when comparing the cows. Regularly testing the dairy herd is only the beginning of the improvement that will surely follow a persistence in the practice of testing. The first important thing to know is which are the best cows. This knowledge is the foundation upon which all future development and progress are builtled. Into man's hands has been placed the power of improving all domestic animals. It is a power, which when wisely used, brings increased revenue and a joy and satisfaction in having added something substantial to the world's progress. To the lover of nature nothing can appeal more strongly than the possession of the ability to improve upon the animals or plants with which our lot happens to be cast. Every dairyman may be a real breeder if he so desires and so wills and follows the laws laid down by nature. In addition to selection for breeding purposes the other chief influences for the improvement of animals are food, climate, and heredity. The soil is concerned in this improvement was to develop a larger capacity. The correlationthe size was to make upon the bony structure somewhat coarse and what is more to our interest is the effect of these ties of watery food uptake. The natural response a flow of milk equaled in quantity by that of cattle and which percentage of butter faeces than the milk of improved dairy breeds. Quite opposite to these were those under sey cattle have been native Isle in the English sesses a climate made able by the Gulf Stream dryer than the climatic land and Friesland light loam, carrying with the relatively light herbage, which is no comparatively high stance and low in Whether the Jersey culture or whether stall was she obliged to quantities of succulent to provide the nourish system required. Her were not, therefore, undo and the correlative effects conditions were such moderately sized body fine bony structure. In of milk, the result of it and food has been to erate amount which they and other solids than other breed of cattle. That the wide variety tween he breeds under due in large degree distitions of soil, climate lieved to be quite true final type of animal w before coming under where history records as distinct breeds, no they are today and when for centuries is known of animal history. The one conclusion, viz., conditions and exigence make up the environment pective countries are the largest degree for between the two breeds. The inheritance of the twentieth century pertened by centuries force generated by size of food, climate, and creased in many her scientific thought and Black is of good dairy type and a cow of much vigor and of much persistence as a milker. She does not pose well for the photographer. Imp shows good vigor but not a good dairy type. At the School the milk is weighed from each cow at every milking and is tested at frequent intervals. Here are their records for two years: Black—1906: Lbs milk, 7672.5; Lbs. fat, 361.37; 1907: lbs. milk, 6120.4; lbs. fat, 286.27; total fat, 2 years, 647.64. Imp—1906: lbs. milk, 6349.6; lbs. of fat, 260.33; 1907: lbs. milk, 6586.9; lbs. fat, 270.06; total fat, 2 years, 530.39. Difference, 117.25. Value of Black's product over Imp's at 30 cts. per lb., $35.17. Suppose the herd were half Blacks and half Imps—ten each—the Blacks would return $351.75 more per year than the Imps. Or if the herd were all Blacks the return would be $703.50 more per year than if they were all Imps. The students in Agriculture at the Polytechnic School keep a record of the food consumed by the dairy herd, and their figures show the average amount and cost of food per cow per year to be: - 2 1/2 tons corn silage at $2.50,$6.25. - 1 ton alfalfa hay, $12.00. - 1/2 ton oat hay at $10, $5.00. - 1 ton wheat bran, $25.00. Six months' pasture at 50 cents, $3.00. Total cost of food—$51.25. The relative profit of Black and Imp over the cost of food for two years is therefore: Black—Lbs. fat, 647.64; value at 30 In addition to selection for breeding purposes the other chief influences for the improvement of animals are food, climate, and heredity. The soil is concerned in this improvement in so far as it affects the character and quantity of food produced. It is interesting to note the influence of these forces working under comparatively natural conditions as we see them in the development of some of our famous dairy breeds. That the different breeds of cattle sprang from one source is believed to be one of the established facts in the evolution of animal life. The systematic naturalist, who generally knows nothing of the art of breeding, who does not pretend to know how and wher the several domestic races were formed, who cannot have seen the intermediate gradations, for they do not now exist, nevertheless feels no doubt that these races are sprung from a single source. We have but to notice the changes made in animal form, or in the production of meat and milk during the past half century, to make it readily conceivable that the antipodes of breed characteristics could have developed from one parent stock during the ages which cattle have undoubtedly been upon the earth. The most noted and remarkable differences are found between the cattle whose whole tendency is to produce meat and of nature nothing can appeal more strongly than the possession of the ability to improve upon the animals or plants with which our lot happens to be cast. Every dairyman may be a real breeder if he so desires and so wills and follows the laws laid down by nature. In addition to selection for breeding purposes the other chief influences for the improvement of animals are food, climate, and heredity. The soil is concerned in this improvement in so far as it affects the character and quantity of food produced. It is interesting to note the influence of these forces working under comparatively natural conditions as we see them in the development of some of our famous dairy breeds. That the different breeds of cattle sprang from one source is believed to be one of the established facts in the evolution of animal life. The systematic naturalist, who generally knows nothing of the art of breeding, who does not pretend to know how and wher the several domestic races were formed, who cannot have seen the intermediate gradations, for they do not now exist, nevertheless feels no doubt that these races are sprung from a single source. We have but to notice the changes made in animal form, or in the production of meat and milk during the past half century, to make it readily conceivable that the antipodes of breed characteristics could have developed from one parent stock during the ages which cattle have undoubtedly been upon the earth. The most noted and remarkable differences are found between the cattle whose whole tendency is to produce meat and those whose tendency is to produce milk. The history of Holstein-Friesian cattle is known, in legend at least, for more than two thousand years, and the important part in their history is a study of the soil, climate, and food which make up the formative portion of their environment during this long period. The native home of these cattle is that portion of The Netherlands lying contiguous to the North Sea where the climate is cool and moist, both by reason of much fog and a high degree of precipitation. The soil is of that dense, clayey nature which, with the large amount of moisture prevailing induces luxuriant growth of grass. This combination also produces a pasture which carries a high percentage of water and a correspondingly low content of dry or nutrient substance. Holland dairy practice has been, for the most part, to have the cows calve during the spring months so as to have them in the flush of milking when turned from winter stable to pasture. The cows, then, during their heaviest milking period and during the time when they were obliged to consume the most food in order to produce milk as well as to maintain life and growth, were forced to obtain the needed sustenance from the prevailing luxuriant but watery grass. In order to secure sufficient nourishment, the cow must take into her body large amounts of this sucelent food, and the natural result of such feeding was to develop a large abdomen with a correspondingly large digestive capacity. The correlative effect upon the size was to make it larger and upon the bony structure to make it somewhat coarse and angular. But what is more to our present purpose is the effect of these large quantities of watery food upon milk production. The natural result has been to induce a flow of milk which is not equaled in quantity by any other breed of cattle and which carries a lower percentage of butter fat and other sol EAR TO GROUND, HEAR SOUND ASSOCIATED CHAMBERS DISCERN CALL FOR BONDS Eat Turkey at Huntington Beach and Resolve to Proceed to Business, With a View to Calling Bond Election—Dr. Dobson Sniffs Danger in County Library Scheme Seventy members of the old guard of good road boosters sat down to a turkey spread at Huntington Beach on Wednesday evening last, and every one of them proclaimed himself in favor of calling an immediate election to vote bonds for good roads—all except F. M. West of Fullerton who is agin the notion, at least until after the state bond election this year. The good-road boosters organized by electing A. E. Bennett of Tustin, president; A. A. Lester of Balboa, secretary; A. L. Macomber of Buena Park, treasurer. Another meeting will be held on Jan. 10 at 7:30 at Santa Ana, to determine what shall be done with the good roads petitions gathered by the Associated Chambers. The resolution concerning the enforcement of the automobile laws was passed by the committee. A. A. Mills introduced a resolution endorsing a proposed amendment to a state shipping law. The amendment would require that every fruit and vegetable shipper place upon his boxes a statement as to where (place and county) that fruit or vegetable is raised, as well as the name of the shipper and the place from which it is shipped. Mills stated that there has grown up a practice of shipping in fruit and vegetables from other places to packing houses of the county, the houses then shipping the product away under the mark of the city where the house is located that the product might have the benefit of the SANTA ANA Suit will be brought within a few days, asking the superior court to rescind the acceptance of the sugar factory on South Main street by the directors of the Southern California Sugar Company, to compel the contractor, the Case-Hinze Company, to bring the plant to the capacity of 600 tons daily, and to award damages against the company for its failure to establish a 600-ton plant here for the 1909 season. This is the result of a bitter fight within the company. This makes the second big suit against the Case-Hinze Company, which is composed of Gen. F. H. Case, F. B. Case and H. W. Hinze of Santa Ana, formerly of Michigan. The first was brought several weeks ago by H. S. Hadsall, who demands judgment for $57,500, one-fourth the alleged profit of building and selling the factory to the Southern California Sugar Company, for promoting the factory. Hadsall, as assignee, also demands one-fourth of the profits for James Irvine, on a contract under which the latter was to share by reason of raising his subscription of stock from $10,000 to $50,000. County Bee Inspector J. E. Pleasants says the bee men of Orange county should unite to protect their apiaries against the European foul brood, known generally as the black brood. He says that European brood appeared in apiaries in Fresno county last spring, that being its first appearance here. This year it has shown up in Monterey county, and Pleasants says that Prof. Benton of the State University told him at Colton last week that it was reported in Los Angeles county. Once the black brood gets a foothold, there is no way of fighting it. It has to run its course of destruction of apiaries. For that reason, Pleasants thinks this county should not import any bees, but if any are brought in they should be isolated until proven clean. The American was to develop a large addition with a correspondingly large digestive capacity. The correlative effect upon the size was to make it larger and upon the bony structure to make it somewhat coarse and angular. But what is more to our present purpose is the effect of these large quantities of watery food upon milk production. The natural result has been to induce a flow of milk which is not equaled in quantity by any other breed of cattle and which carries a lower percentage of butter fat and other solids than the milk of any other of the improved dairy breeds. Quite opposite to the above conditions were those under which the Jersey cattle have been developed. Their native Isle in the English Channel possesses a climate made mild and equable by the Gulf Stream, and one much dryer than the climate of North Holland and Friesland. The soil is a light loam, carrying in connection with the relatively light precipitation, an herbage, which is not abundant, but is comparatively high in nutritive substance and low in water content. Whether the Jersey cow were at pasture or whether stall fed, at no time was she obliged to consume large quantities of succulent food in order to provide the nourishment that her system required. Her digestive organs were not, therefore, unduly distended and the correlative effect of her food conditions were such as to develop a moderately sized body and a rather fine bony structure. In the production of milk, the result of her environment and food has been to produce a moderate amount which is richer in fat and other solids than the milk of any other breed of cattle. That the wide variations found between he breeds under discussion are due in large degree to different conditions of soil, climate, and food is believed to be quite true. What the original type of animal was in either case before coming under the influences where history records their beginning as distinct breeds, no one knows. What they are today and what their habitat for centuries is known to all readers of animal history. There can be but one conclusion, viz., that the natural conditions and exigencies which go to make up the environment of the respective countries are responsible in the largest degree for the dissimilarity between the two breeds. The inheritance of the dairyman of the twentieth century is the power exerted by centuries of accumulated force generated by similar conditions of food, climate, and breeding, and increased in many herds by the best scientific thought and practice of the INSECT PESTS The inheritance of the dairyman of the twentieth century is the power exerted by centuries of accumulated force generated by similar conditions of food, climate, and breeding, and increased in many herds by the best scientific thought and practice of the past generation. Shall we say that the dairyman of today cannot do as well as he of a century ago? Or may we say that he will take this inheritance and make more advancement in a generation than his predecessors did in a century? It is within his power to do if he will. We do not need to make new breeds; there are so many now that one to meet every need may readily be selected. The thing essential is to observe nature's laws and to aid nature in herd and breed improvement: to give the best of feed and care so that the individual may increase strength and producing power in our hands, and then make use of modern methods of selecting the best producers, by testing, in order that the blood of the best may be transmitted to future generations. It is said of the author of a recent volume of biography, that his verdict on the great of his chosen period is much that of the New Hampshire parson at the highly approved funeral of a parishioner: "Brethren, we must agree that our deceased friend was mean in some things—but let us in Christian charity allow that he was meaner in others." Chambers of Commerce co-operate with the Tri-Counties Reforestation Committee and the Water Conservation Association and all bodies organized for the purpose of securing the above results." This resolution was adopted, and President W. W. Wilson appointed S. M. Davis, chairman, E. M. Nealley of Tustin and E. S. Richman of Fullerton on the committee. INSECT PESTS Warning Sent Growers from San Joaquin County Stockton, Dec. 29.—A warning against the influx of pests that damage and destroy fruit trees and vines has been sounded by Horticultural Commissioner J. N. Southrey, who has made a special study of scale and other fungi that cause so much trouble after they once get a start in any large fruit-growing district. At this season of the year, when planting is at its height, large shipments of trees and vines are received here from various points and the bundles should be closely inspected by the proper county officials, but often they are unable to locate all of the lots and many trees and vines not examined are accepted by people, to their sorrow. A special effort has always been made to inspect all trees and vines and a certificate properly signed is invariably attached to each bundle, thus showing that they are free from all diseases. Mr. Southrey also calls attention to the necessity of orchardists spraying for scale at this particular time. R. E. Coffman asserts that he is the victim of a real estate trade in which he, as one of the parties, had never seen the property he traded for. In the Superior court he has begun an action against L. W. Bushard, declaring that Bushard used misrepresentation to secure a trade with Coffman. His complaint states that on Sept. 17 Coffman owned a house and lot in Riverside worth $4000, on which there was a $1000 mortgage, Bushard owned a house and lot in Goldfield, Nev. The complaint says that Bushard represented the house to be a six-room house, renting all the time for $42 a month, with water piped to it and a toilet and bath in it, worth $3000. Coffman said he relied on the representations, and made the trade. Then he failed to get any rent money from the agent at Goldfield. Bushard told him the agent was gone. Finally on Dec. 1 Coffman went to Goldfield and viewed the property. He says it is a four-room California house, without water piped to it, no toilet nor bath in it, and that since June 1 it has not been rented and before that time it rented for $10 a month only, worth only $1500. The court is asked to rescind the deeds made in the trade, but if Bushard cannot give back title that Coffman have judgment agains him for $1500 and retain the Goldfield property. Our harness is handmade from the best California oak-tanned leather. Wm. F. Lutz Co., Santa Ana. Fire extinguishers and fire proof safes. Wm. F. Lutz Co., Santa Ana. THURSDAY, January 6 THE First National Bank Capital Stock, $50,000.00 BOARD OF DIRECTORS W. F. BOTSFORD, JOHN HARTUNG, PRESIDENT VICE PRES. & CASH. SAMUEL KRAMER, FRANK SHANLEY, A. S. BRADFORD. Start the New Year by Entering Your Account at this Sterling Financial Institution. Peter Stoffel HEADQUARTERS FOR FRESH VEGETABLES Kansas Hard-wheat Flour Consignments of Staple and Fancy Groceries Received Daily. Phones Pacific 237 Home 1103 PETER STOFFEL, Prop. H. H. Gardner Co. HEADQUARTERS FOR H. H. Gardner Co. HEADQUARTERS FOR Ice, Hay, Grain, Coal, Wood, Oil and Gasoline, Poultry Supplies, Stock Foods & Tonics, Yorkshire Hero Peas, Onion Sets and Cabbage Seed. A TRIAL ORDER WILL CONVINCE YOU. C. B. HALLEY, - MANAGER, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA. PHONES, HOME 1542, MAIN 91. Union Brewing Co. OF ANAHEIM Brewers and Bottlers of the CELEBRATED Anaheim Lager Prompt delivery to all parts of the city. Family trade Solicited Phone Pacific 301 Phone Home 1264 Throop Polytechnic Institute L cated in Pasadena, the most beautiful city in California Science Arts Industry COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Phone 301 Phone 1264 Pacific Throop Polytechnic Institute Located in Pasadena, the most beautiful city in California Science Arts Industry COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Academy--Technical and Literary Shop Work for Boys Home Economics for Girls New campus of 20 acres - Send for catalogue J. A. B. SCHERER, Ph. D., LL. D., President POWER FOR ALL PURPOSES. PLENTY OF POWER. Southern California Electric Co. 411 N. Main st. SANTA ANA, CAL. Phones—46. Superior Printing The Gazette Office