anaheim-gazette 1909-10-21

ITALIAN LEMON INVASION SUPPLY THE EASTERN STATES ALMOST WHOLLY California Lemons Holding Their own in West, but Competition in Middle States is Close—Millions Expended Annually for Foreign Product — By Products of the Lemon That the lemons of Italy have practically swept the California lemon from the states of the Atlantic seaboard is shown in the report of Prof. G. Harold Powell in a recently published bulletin issued by the department of agriculture at Washington. The enormous imports of the foreign product are of sufficient importance to engage the attention of the California grower: The exports of fresh lemons from Italy have increased more than 75 per cent in the last ten years, or from 325,000,000 pounds in the calendar year 1898 to more than 559,000,000 pounds in 1907. Of the total exports of fresh lemons, the largest proportion is shipped to the United States, it having received from 29 to 41 per cent of the exports annually in the last ten years, the proportion running above 35 per cent in six years out of the ten. The United Kingdom has received from 17.7 to 25 per cent annually in the last ten years, and Austria-Hungary from 14.4 to 22.8 per cent annually. The remainder of the exports are distributed to Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Russia, and to various other countries in smaller quantities. The general imports into the United States exceed in variable quantities the imports for consumption from year to year as the imports per cent first grade and 40 per cent second grade, and 50 per cent 300's and 50 per cent 360's, and specifies what proportion of the total payment is to be advanced. The shipper presents this letter of credit with a bill of lading to the correspondent of the bank issuing the letter after the fruit is loaded for shipment, the bill of lading specifying the grades and sizes covered by the letter of credit. The money is then paid by the bank to the shipper. (2) The shipment of fruit on commission on the strength of an advance by the importer of an amount less than the market value of fruit at the time of shipment. The advances vary from $1 to $1.75 a box, depending on the condition of the market. The financial transaction is handled through letters of credit, as just described. (3) The shipment of the fruit for the joint account of the shipper and the importer. Under this method the shipper and the importer agree on a price that represents the cost of the fruit f.o.b. in Italy. The importer advances to the shipper through a letter of credit an amount usually about 25 cents less than the agreed cost price per box. When the fruit is sold, the profit or loss is shared equally by the importer and the shipper. (4) The shipment on commission without an advance from the consignee in the United States. This method of shipment is limited in extent. The lemons imported are generally sold at public auction, soon after arrival at the port of entry, by companies who unload the cargo, prepare it for display on the pier or in the auction room, and sell it at public sale under fixed rules and regulations. Some lemons are received each year at the port of New York to be shipped to other points in the United States or to be forwarded in bond to Canada, and small quantities may be re- The United Kingdom has received from 17.7 to 25 per cent annually in the last ten years, and Austria-Hungary from 14.4 to 22.8 per cent annually. The remainder of the exports are distributed to Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Russia, and to various other countries in smaller quantities. The general imports into the United States exceed in variable quantities the imports for consumption from year to year, as the imports for other countries, such as Canada, pass largely through American ports. About 50 per cent of the total imports are received in the United States from May to July, inclusive, the heaviest shipments in recent years arriving in June. From 70 to 80 per cent of the total imports arrive from March to August, inclusive. Of the imports of lemons into the United States during the last ten fiscal years, from 82.29 to 89.85 per cent of the total have been received in the customs districts of New York; from 3.02 to 8.07 per cent of the total in Boston and Charlestown; from 1.67 to 9.44 per cent of the total in New Orleans; from 0.35 to 1.65 per cent of the total in Philadelphia; from 0.29 to 1.67 per cent of the total in Baltimore; and from 0.26 to 3.34 per cent of the total in other customs districts. The lemons exported from Italy to the United States are forwarded principally from Palermo, Messina, and Naples. The fruit shipped from these ports may not have been grown in the vicinity of the ports, as the exporters in one district frequently buy fruit in another and have it shipped in for packing. The exporters in Palermo, for example, may ship lemons from the districts of Messina or Catania which have been forwarded by rail to Palermo to be prepared for export at that port. When shipped, these lemons are recorded as Palermo fruit. The shipments from Naples include most of the lemons from Sorrento, from the Amalfi coast and from other points in the Sorrentine peninsula. The trade in foreign lemons is confined largely to the eastern half of the United States. In the territory west of the Missouri river, including central and western Texas, the trade is supplied almost exclusively with California lemons. In the Middle West, especially in the territory north of the Ohio river, where the competition between the domestic and foreign shipment is limited in extent. The lemons imported are generally sold at public auction, soon after arrival at the port of entry, by companies who unload the cargo, prepare it for display on the pier or in the auction room, and sell it at public sale under fixed rules and regulations. Some lemons are received each year at the port of New York to be shipped to other points in the United States or to be forwarded in bond to Canada, and small quantities may be received at other ports, to be reshipped in the same manner. New York is the principal selling point for the foreign lemons used in the eastern half of the United States, with the exception of the Gulf States and the adjoining territory, which are supplied from New Orleans. The fruit for the eastern and interior markets, distributed from New York, is usually purchased by the dealer through resident New York brokers, but occasionally the dealer attends the sale and purchases the fruit in person. The principal products made from the lemon are citrate of lime, essential oils, concentrated and raw lemon juice, and green or prepared lemon peel. The by-product business is confined largely to Sicily and Calabria. This business holds the same relation to the lemon industry of Italy that the evaporating industry holds to the apple industry of western New York and of other parts of the United States or that the canning and drying industries hold to the deciduous-fruit business of California. It makes it possible either to convert the low grades of fruit into useful products or to use a variable proportion of the better grades of fresh fruit in this manner during the months when prices are low or when the foreign demand for fresh fruit temporarily decreases. Citrate of lime, or calcium citrate, is the most important by-product of the lemon and is an intermediate product in the manufacture of citric acid. Citric acid is not made in Italy. The citrate of lime is exported to different countries and is there converted into the acid. The exports of citrate of lime from Italy have increased from about 3,000,000 lbs. in 1899 to nearly 17,000,000 pounds in the calendar year 1908. The United States is the heaviest buyer of this product, having received from 32.5 to 40.7 per cent of the total exports from Italy in the last ten years ex- Messina district ment in March markets, especia tria, Norway, sally no stored for United States ties are someti tic The fruit harvest during the peri tember, inclusi used for export from November is used princip alure of by-producing entering the ex fruit. In th e heaviest export cur from March sina and Catan vember to February rentine peninsu tember. There is a w character of th e ferent soils and The lemons pre soils are roughhe er in quality th e heavier land iier and are sai ling qualities. eastern coast and light in te upper valleys b Giarri. Only a th e fruit harve that cut in Oc ellis are exporte converted into o other hand, fro m of the firm, fine upland valleys generally used often a differen ce a thousand in th e upland or heavie parison with th e lighter soils ne fruit grown on Sicly enters lar trade. Probably cent of th e lem distri ct is ex- The export fr ug Of th e total ex sina district usually sent to th e fruit going especially Germ Norway, and S quantities to A The fruit in th e smaller and be th e lemmons from crop at Messina of th e 300 lem The trade in foreign lemons is confined largely to the eastern half of the United States. In the territory west of the Missouri river, including central and western Texas, the trade is supplied almost exclusively with California lemons. In the Middle West, especially in the territory north of the Ohio river, where the competition between the domestic and foreign lemons is close, probably from 50 to 60 per cent of the lemons handled are imported from Italy. In the South Central States, including eastern Texas, the trade is supplied very largely with Italian lemons distributed from New Orleans, and in the territory east of the Alleghenies the trade is supplied principally with foreign fruit distributed from New York, and in smaller quantities from the ports already mentioned. The lemons imported into the United States are usually secured from Italian sources in one of four general business methods, which are believed to be stated in their order of importance as follows: (1) The purchase of the fruit by the importer in America from the shipper in Sicily at a fixed price, generally including freight. It is probable that at least half of the lemons imported are purchased by the importer in this manner. Purchases of this kind are generally made on letters of credit issued through an American bank, the letter of credit usually equaling a little less than the purchase price. The shipper and the buyer agree that the fruit shall consist of certain grades and sizes. In making the letter of credit the buyer includes the specifications covering the purchase, as, for example, 60 duct in the manufacture of citric acid. Citric acid is not made in Italy. The citrate of lime is exported to different countries and is there converted into the acid. The exports of citrate of lime from Italy have increased from about 3,000,000 lbs. in 1899 to nearly 17,000,000 pounds in the calendar year 1908. The United States is the heaviest buyer of this product, having received from 32.5 to 40.7 per cent of the total exports from Italy in the last ten years except in 1904, when the proportion dropped to 26.8 per cent. France and the United Kingdom are the next heaviest importers, the quantities received sometimes nearly equaling the exports to the United States. Under the tariff act of 1897 the rate of duty on lemons entering the United States is 1 cent per pound. Under the reciprocity treaty with Cuba, December, 1903, the tariff was made 1 cent per pound, less 20 per cent on fruit from that country. The tariff on citric acid is 7 cents per pound, the imports of which in 1908 were 171,795.6 pounds, valued at $62,804. Citrate of lime and lemon oil are entered free of duty. There is no duty on lemon and orange peel not prepared, but there is a duty of 2 cents per pound on similar material preserved, candied, or dried, the imports of which in 1908 were 613,834.5 pounds, valued at $40,342. There is a wide variation in the season of ripening of the lemons of Italy and an equally wide variation in the character of the fruit from different sections, as well as in the fruit that is harvested at different periods of the year in the same section. The lemon season is considered to begin on October 1 in Italy and ends on September 31 following. The ear- ANAHEIM GAZETTE ANAHEIM GAZETTE the cent of 300's specifies payment over prepaid a bill of the price fruit of ladder sizes. The bank to an comm advance amount fruit advan-ax, de-lease mar- is han-ras just fruit for and method the sale on a of the latter ad- a let- about cost fruit is red equi- ship commission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compre- in the public relations with year the ship-ed Sta- be re-mission consig- this me- extent general after any compreilest fruit ripens in the Syracuse districts, where the first picking is made from October 1 to 15. The harvesting in the Catania and in the Messina districts begins about ten days later than in Syracuse. The Palermo harvest commences from December 1 to January 1, and occasionally by November 1. The soil is heavier in this district and the fruit can be held on the trees longer than in other districts. The fruit on the Sorrentine peninsula, including the Amalfi coast, is the latest to ripen, the harvest beginning about February 1. There is also a summer crop of lemons in the Messina and Catania districts, called the Verdelli lemon. The methods of producing this crop will be described later. The harvesting season in each district covers a period of seven to ten months, more or less, depending on its character. The heaviest yields of each locality usually occur during the second, third, and fourth months in the season, though in some regions, like Palermo, where the altitude and soils are variable, the fruit may be harvested practically throughout the year. The fruit gathered in the first harvest in each section is somewhat inferior in keeping quality, usually on account of its immaturity and irregularity in condition. The fruit harvested in December and January is supposed to have the best keeping quality, and considerable fruit was stored before the earthquake in the Messina district in cellars for shipment in March or April to European markets, especially to Russia, Austria, Norway, and Sweden. Practically no stored fruit is shipped to the United States, though small quantities are sometimes sent to Canada. The fruit harvested in October and during the period from May to September, inclusive, is practically all used for export. That harvested from November to April, inclusive, is used principally in the manufacture of fruit ripens in the Syracuse districts, where the first picking is made from October 1 to 15. The harvesting in the Catania and in the Messina districts begins about ten days later than in Syracuse. The Palermo harvest commences from December 1 to January 1, and occasionally by November 1. The soil is heavier in this district and the fruit can be held on the trees longer than in other districts. The fruit on the Sorrentine peninsula, including the Amalfi coast, is the latest to ripen, the harvest beginning about February 1. There is also a summer crop of lemons in the Messina and Catania districts, called the Verdelli lemon. The methods of producing this crop will be described later. The harvesting season in each district covers a period of seven to ten months, more or less, depending on its character. The heaviest yields of each locality usually occur during the second, third, and fourth months in the season, though in some regions, like Palermo, where the altitude and soils are variable, the fruit may be harvested practically throughout the year. The fruit gathered in the first harvest in each section is somewhat inferior in keeping quality, usually on account of its immaturity and irregularity in condition. The fruit harvested in December and January is supposed to have the best keeping quality, and considerable fruit was stored before the earthquake in the Messina district in cellars for shipment in March or April to European markets, especially to Russia, Austria, Norway, and Sweden. Practically no stored fruit is shipped to the United States, though small quantities are sometimes sent to Canada. The fruit harvested in October and during the period from May to September, inclusive, is practically all used for export. That harvested from November to April, inclusive, is used principally in the manufacture of fruit ripens in the Syracuse districts, where the first picking is made from October 1 to 15. The harvesting in the Catania and in the Messina districts begins about ten days later than in Syracuse. The Palermo harvest commences from December 1 to January 1, and occasionally by November 1. The soil is heavier in this district and the fruit can be held on the trees longer than in other districts. The fruit on the Sorrentine peninsula, including the Amalfi coast, is the latest to ripen, the harvest beginning about February 1. There is also a summer crop of lemons in the Messina and Catania districts, called the Verdelli lemon. The methods of producing this crop will be described later. The harvesting season in each district covers a period of seven to ten months, more or less, depending on its character. The heaviest yields of each locality usually occur during the second, third, and fourth months in the season, though in some regions, like Palermo, where the altitude and soils are variable, the fruit may be harvested practically throughout the year. The fruit gathered in the first harvest in each section is somewhat inferior in keeping quality, usually on account of its immaturity and irregularity in condition. The fruit harvested in December and January is supposed to have the best keeping quality, and considerable fruit was stored before the earthquake in the Messina district in cellars for shipment in March or April to European markets, especially to Russia, Austria, Norway, and Sweden. Practically no stored fruit is shipped to the United States, though small quantities are sometimes sent to Canada. The fruit harvested in October and during the period from May to September, inclusive, is practically all used for export. That harvested from November to April, inclusive, is used principally in the manufacture of fruit ripens in the Syracuse districts, where the first picking is made from October 1 to 15. The harvesting in the Catania and in the Messina districts begins about ten days later than in Syracuse. The Palermo harvest commences from December 1 to January 1, and occasionally by November 1. The soil is heavier in this district and the fruit can be held on the trees longer than in other districts. The fruit on the Sorrentine peninsula, including the Amalfi coast, is the latest to ripen, the harvest beginning about February 1. There is also a summer crop of lemons in the Messina and Catania districts, called the Verdelli lemon. The methods of producing this crop will be described later. The harvesting season in each district covers a period of seven to ten months, more or less, depending on its character. The heaviest yields of each locality usually occur during the second, third, and fourth months in the season, though in some regions, like Palermo, where the altitude and soils are variable, the fruit may be harvested practically throughout the year. The fruit gathered in the first harvest in each section is somewhat inferior in keeping quality, usually on account of its immaturity and irregularity in condition. The fruit harvested in December and January is supposed to have the best keeping quality, and considerable fruit was stored before the earthquake in the Messina district in cellars for shipment in March or April to European markets, especially to Russia, Austria, Norway, and Sweden. Practically no stored fruit is shipped to the United States, though small quantities are sometimes sent to Canada. The fruit harvested in October and during the period from May to September, inclusive, is practically all used for export. That harvested from November to April, inclusive, is used principally in the manufacture of fruit ripens in the Syracuse districts, where the first picking is made from October 1 to 15. The harvesting in the Catania and in the Messina districts begins about ten days later than in Syracuse. The Palermo harvest commences from December 1 to January 1, and occasionally by November 1. The soil is heavier in this district and the fruit can be held on the trees longer than in other districts. The fruit on the Sorrentine peninsula, including the Amalfi coast, is the latest to ripen, the harvest beginning about February 1. There is also a summer crop of lemons in the Messina and Catania districts, called the Verdelli lemon. The methods of producing this crop will be described later. The harvesting season in each district covers a period of seven to ten months, more or less, depending on its character. The heaviest yields of each locality usually occur during the second, third, and fourth months in the season, though in some regions, like Palermo, where the altitude and soils are variable, the fruit may be harvested practically throughout the year. The fruit gathered in the first harvest in each section is somewhat inferior in keeping quality, usually on account of its immaturity and irregularity in condition. The fruit harvested in December and January is supposed to have the best keeping quality, and considerable fruit was stored before the earthquake inthe Messina districtin cellars for shipmentin March or ApriltoEuropeanmarketsespeciallytoRussia,Austria,Norway,andSweden.Practicallyno storedfruitis shippedtoUnitedStatesthoughsmallquantitiesare sometimes senttoCanada.ThefruitharvestedinOctoberandduringtheperiodfromMaytoSeptemberinclusiveispracticallyallusedforexportThatharvestedinNovembertoAprilinclusiveisusedprincipallyinthemanufactureoffruitripensintheSyracusedistrictwherethefirstpickingismadefromOctober1to15.TheharvestingintheCataniaandintheMessinadistrictbemadefromOctober1toJanuary1,andoccasionalforselferthevalueofthes farmeroughtouthistreatmentaccordingtohisownideas,intothegreatnationalindustry,highlyorganizedandspecializedandconstitutinga scienceinitself. The farm census is taken primarily forthe benefitofthefarmer,andupontheaccuracyoftheinformationgiventhe enumeratorbythefarmernextAprildependstoa largeextentthevalueofthestatisticalworktocarriedoninther farmer'sbehalfduringthenextfiveyears,notonlyinthe federalandstatedepartmentsofagriculturebutbystudentsofagriculturalconditionsinallpartsoftheworld.Towhatextenttheverymarkedecreaseduring recentyearsinthecostofliving,andespeciallyinthecostofcertainkindsoffarmproduce.isduetoshortageindproduction,thequestionofvitalmomenttoavastnumberofpeople.Acompleteandaccuratecensusoffarmareas,andvalueswillfurnishdatawhichstudiedinconnectionwiththerevisedpopulationfiguresshouldthrowmuchlightonthegreatquestionofournationalfoodsupply.Thefarmerandtheurbanconsumeralikedesireinformationalongthelines Itlieswiththefarmertoprovideit. HowtheFarmerCanHelp BypreparinganaccurateaccountofhisfarmoperationsduringtheyearendingDecember31，1909,andbymakinganInventoryonApril15，1910，ofallhisfarmpossessions,thefarmersofthecountrycanrendertheCensusBureauandthepublicatlargeaninestimableservice。它isnottobeexpectedthatfarmerswilleverkeepascompleteaccountsasdo manufacturersandmerchantsTheye generalized after many compreparations with year one shipped Sta. to Caye be re-reshippied. The selling used in St. George Gulf Territory, New Orlarn and all from New York dealer makes the character of the fruit grown on different soils and in different regions. The lemons produced on the lighter soils are rougher in texture and poorer in quality than the lemons from the heavier lands. They ripen earlier and are said to have poorer keeping qualities. The soil along the eastern coast is generally gravelly and light in texture, except in the upper valleys between Messina and Giarrri. Only a small proportion of the fruit harvested near this coast, that cut in October, and the Verdellis are exported; the rest of it is converted into by-products. On the other hand, from 80 to 90 per cent of the firm, finer textured fruit in the upland valleys on the same coast is generally used for export. There is often a difference of 50 to 75 cents a thousand in the price paid for the upland or heavier land lemons in comparison with the fruit grown on the lighter soils near the coast. The fruit grown on the north coast of Sicily enters largely into the export trade. Probably as much as 90 percent of the lemons of the Palermo district is exported, two-thirds of the exported fruit going to America. Of the total exports from the Messina district less than one-half is usually sent to America, the rest of the fruit going to European markets, especially Germany, Russia, Austria, Norway, and Sweden, with lesser quantities to Australia and Canada. The fruit in the Palermo district is smaller and better in texture than the lemons from Messina. While the crop at Messina averages two-thirds of the 300 lemon per box size, not ed information regarding the three principal productive industries of the country — agriculture, manufactures, and mines and quarries. These three great branches of industry represent so large a proportion of the total wealth of the country that their progress from decade to decade is an accurate index to the material development of the country as a whole. The Census of 1900 showed that the United States is still primarily an agricultural country. The total value of all farm property on June 1, 1900, was nearly twenty and one-half billions of dollars, a sum more than twice that of the aggregate capital invested in manufactures, which was approximately nine billion eight hundred million dollars. The Most Important Notwithstanding the value of the census of population for the political purpose of reapportioning representation in the Congress of the United States, and the value of the statistics of manufacturing to the vast interests immediately concerned, the census of agriculture, of all the subjects covered by the census law, is generally regarded as of the greatest importance to the country. Population increases naturally at a fairly constant rate and can always be estimated, for the country as a whole, with a high degree of accuracy. Manufacturing in most of its branches is so highly organized and book records are so generally kept that it is a comparatively simple matter to obtain from time to time accurate estimates of the capital invested and the value of the product. Agriculture, on the other hand, is the great unorganized industry with respect to book records of its operations. Upward of 7,000,000 farmers are conducting farm operations on separate farms at the present time. Their products are marketed at all seasons of the year, under all sorts of local conditions, and at a widely varying range of prices. New lands, new crops, new methods, and new processes are constantly modifying conditions in every branch of husbandry, and the net results of farm operations are affected thereby to an unknown extent. The United States Department of Agriculture, with its splendid organization, keeps in the closest possible touch with every phase of farm life in all parts of the country. Its trained agents and reporters note everything that affects crops and live-stock provide it. How the Farmer Can Help By preparing an accurate account of his farm operations during the year ending December 31, 1909, and by making an inventory on April 15, 1910, of all his farm possessions, the farmers of the country can render the Census Bureau and the public at large an inestimable service. It is not to be expected that farmers will ever keep as complete accounts as do manufacturers and merchants.The very nature of their occupation,the long hours and arduous labor of the summer months are a partial bar to scientific bookkeeping. The fact that a large part of his daily bread is supplied from his own farm, instead of being purchased out of cash on hand,naturally causes the farmer to place an uncertain value on the products consumed in his home.Nevertheless,a constantly increasing number of farmers are keeping accurate records of their daily receipts and expenses and of exact quantities of all classes of products grown or raised on their farms. Wherever such records are kept the census enumerators are able to obtain highly accurate reports without taking more than a few minutes of the farmer's time and without troubling him to make difficult estimates. In order that the great majority of farmers who do not ordinarily keep book records of their farm operations may be given an opportunity to familiarize themselves with the scope of the census to be taken next April, an outline of the schedule is here presented.Every farm operator is strongly urged to study this outline carefully and to write down the answer to each question as soon as the necessary information becomes available. When completed,the notebook should be laid aside for reference when the enumerator calls. Scope of the Next Farm Census Section 8 of the act authorizing the Thirteenth Census provides that: "The schedules relating to agriculture shall include name, color,and country of birth of occupantof each farm,tenure,acreageof farm,acreageof woodlandandcharacterof timber thereon;valueof farmand improvements;valueof farmimplements;numberandvalueofthelive stockonfarmsandranges;numberandvalueofdomesticanimalsnotonfarmsandranges;andtheacreageofcropsplantedandtobe the exported fruit going to America. Of the total exports from the Messina district less than one-half is usually sent to America, the rest of the fruit going to European markets, especially Germany, Russia, Austria, Norway, and Sweden, with lesser quantities to Australia and Canada. The fruit in the Palermo district is smaller and better in texture than the lemons from Messina. While the crop at Messina averages two-thirds of the 300 lemon per box size, not over one-third is usually of that size in the Palermo district, the 360 size predominating in the latter section. Of the lemons exported to the United States, a large proportion are of the highest grades, that is, the finest in texture and free from blemishes. Of the fine-textured lemons the sizes packing 300 and 360 to the box are shipped largely to the United States, the 300 size predominating in the shipments to the northern markets and the 360 size in the exports to the southern districts. The largest lemons, the 200 size, predominate in the shipments to England. The English markets receive large quantities of the coarser grades of fruits. The German markets take a large lemon, but smaller than England. France takes a lemon medium to small in size, similar to the United States, and uses a good deal of coarse fruit, while a 330 size is frequently sent to Russian markets, this size including a mixture of 300 and 360 lemons. The size of fruit shipped to a country depends somewhat on the form of the duty existing in that country. Where the duty is based on weight, the medium to small sizes are generally exported; where it is based on the number of lemons the large sizes are exported. "The schedules relating to agriculture shall include name, color, and country of birth of occupant of each farm, tenure, acreage of farm, acreage of woodland and character of timber thereon; value of farm and improvements; value of farm implements; number and value of the live stock on farms and ranges; number and value of domestic animals not on farms and ranges; and the acreage of crops planted and to be planted during the year of enumeration, and the acreage of crops and the quantity and value of crops and other farm products for the year ending December thirty-first next preceding the enumeration." In accordance with this act the director of the census, after calling into conference the proper officials of the United States Department of Agriculture, and also leading authorities on agriculture from all sections of the country, sought and received many valuable suggestions from practical farmers regarding specific questions to be asked. The schedule adopted is both simple and complete. Every question asked calls for information that is of genuine interest to all farmers. The schedule may be divided into five parts, as follows: 1. Personal information regarding the farmer. 2. General information regarding farm acreage, values, and expenses. 3. A statement of the acreage,the yield, and value of all farm crops harvested in 1909, and of all animal products—that is, dairy products, eggs, livestock sold, etc. 4. An inventory of all live stock,including poultry and bees, on hand on April 15, 1910. 5. Miscellaneous information. THURSDAY, October 21 TO MAKE ENDS MEET-IS THAT ALL? If that is the height of your ambition, you will be dependent on your relatives, friends or the community in your old age, and will die in poverty. Every year of the earning period of your life should show a surplus laid away to protect your old age. The surest way to insure having a surplus is to deposit your earnings in this bank and pay your bills by checking against your account. Every time you sign a check you are reminded of the size of your account. It makes you careful and begets the habit of saving. We will help you to provide that surplus. You can't begin too soon for your own good. Start the good work by making a deposit TODAY. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK ANAHEIM, CALIF. Peter Stoffel HEADQUARTERS FOR FRESH VEGETABLES Kansas Hard-wheat Flour Consignments of Staple and Fancy Groceries Received Daily. Phones Sunset 237 Home 1103 PETER STOFFEL Prop. FRESH VEGETABLES Kansas Hard-wheat Flour Consignments of Staple and Fancy Groceries Received Daily. Phones Sunset 237 Home 1103 PETER STOFFEL Prop. H. H. Gardner Co. HEADQUARTERS FOR Ice, Hay, Grain, Coal, Wood, Oil and Gasoline, Poultry Supplies, Stock Foods & Tonics, Yorkshire Hero Peas, Onion Sets and Cabbage Seed A TRIAL ORDER WILL CONVINCE YOU. C. B. HALLEY, - MANAGER, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA. PHON S, HOME 1542, SUNSET 91. Union Brewing Co. OF ANAHEIM Brewers and Bottlers of the CELEBRATED Anaheim Lager Prompt delivery to all parts of the city. Family trade Solicited Phone 301 Phone 1264 Anaheim Lager Prompt delivery to all parts of the city. Family trade Solicited Phone 301 Phone 1264 Sunset Home PACIFIC VEGETABLE COMPANY (CALIFORNIA) CARLOAD SHIPPERS AND BUYERS OF Celery, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Tomatoes, Potatoes, Onions, Etc. Main Offices—625 Central Bldg, Los Angeles Gen'l Eastern Office—34 Clark st., Chicago Direct Representatives in All Principal Markets Local Representative, A. W. PHELPS. Throop Polytechnic Institute Located in Pasadena, the most beautiful city in California Science Arts Industry COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Academy--Technical and Literary Shop Work for Boys Home Economics for Girls New campus of 20 acres - Send for catalogue J. A. B. SCHERER, Ph. D., LL. D., - President