anaheim-gazette 1909-10-07

OUR PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM STATE SUPERINTENDENT'S CIRCULAR GIVING INFORMATION Functions of School Officials—Number of Teachers and Pupils—Teachers' Salaries—Highschool and Elementary Certificates—Text Books For the State there is a Superintendent of Public Instruction and a State Board of Education composed of ten members. For each county there is a County Superintendent of Schools and a Board of Education composed of five members. For each school district there is a Board of Trustees composed of three members. In cities having charters there is a City Board of Education of five or more members. The Superintendent of Public Instruction superintends the schools of the State, sells the State text-books, acts as the secretary of the State Board of Education, and prepares and distributes blanks, laws, and registers for the use of school officers. The State Board of Education issues Life Diplomas, adopts and publishes State text-books, prescribes the conditions of high school certification, and makes accredited lists of normal schools, kindergarten training school, and life diplomas, or certificates of other states. The county superintendent of schools superintends the schools of the county, issues temporary certificates, conducts county institutes, and acts as the secretary of the county board of education. The county board of education grants and revokes teachers' certificates, makes the course of study, conducts teachers' examinations, and graduates pupils from the grammar schools. Her California certificates, diplomas from California state normal schools, state diplomas and normal diplomas found on the accredited lists prepared by the state board of education. Elementary school certificates may also be issued to graduate of the four-year course of the university of California or Leland Stanford Junior University, when evidence is presented that the applicant has had six months' training in one of the state normal schools of California or eight months of successful teaching experience in California public schools, after graduation. A circular (No. 1) giving these accredited lists and other details of elementary school and kindergarten certification upon credentials may be obtained upon request of the superintendent of public instruction at Sacramento, or a copy may be seen at the office of the nearest county superintendent of schools. Elementary school certificates may also be issued by the county board of education upon examination. Examinations are held twice a year and upon the following subjects: Reading, English grammar and advanced composition, English and American literature, orthography and defining, penmanship, drawing, vocal music, bookkeeping, arithmetic, algebra to quadratics, plane geometry, geography (physical, political and industrial), elementary physics, physiology and hygiene, history of the United States and civil government, history (ancient, mediaeval and modern), school law, methods of teaching. These examinations vary somewhat in the different counties, as each county is a law unto itself in details. Usually the examinations occur in December and June and occupy from three to five days of time; but there are many exceptions. All applicants pay a fee of $2. Detailed information of time, place, rules, and samples of questions may usually be obtained upon request of the county superintendent. of the books sold 000 per year. Address the Social Instruction, and following public School Law. Superintendent Four sections, as: 1. Statistics. 2. Arbor Day. 3. Conservation age, 5 cents. 4. School Arc Improvement. Circular 1—Ca Lists, concernn and Kindergarten dentials. Circular 3—Special High School Circular 4—Ocation. (Also c School credential. Circular 5—In nia school system Application for credential. List of High S Do not apply ent of Public H of the teachers a state course o ple examination list of vacancies ment, or anything lates to applying curing places for issue of teachers are things perta not to the state the county superw of the county w interested. Superintendent DUCK SEA Birds Plentiful Ma The county superintendent of schools superintends the schools of the county, issues temporary certificates, conducts county institutes, and acts as the secretary of the county board of education. The county board of education grants and revokes teachers' certificates, makes the course of study, conducts teachers' examinations, and graduates pupils from the grammar schools. The board of trustees employs the teachers and janitors, builds schoolhouses, and manages the schools. One of their number is elected as clerk, and acts as an executive officer. In cities, the city board of education performs the same duties as the board of trustees does in the district. The public schools consist of primary schools, giving the first five or six years of instruction; elementary (grammar) schools, giving the next three or four years of work, and secondary (high) schools, usually giving four years of work additional to the grammar schools. There are also evening schools, kindergartens, manual training schools, and schools for the deaf in some of the cities. There is a state university, located at Berkeley; six state normal schools, at San Jose, Los Angeles, Chico, San Diego, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara, respectively; a polytechnic school at San Luis Obispo; a farm school at Davis; and schools of a reformatory nature at Whittier and Ione. The presidents of any of these institutions will furnish information at request. There are about 11,000 elementary school teachers, about 1400 secondary school teachers, and about 300 kindergarten and night school teachers. Of these, about one-eighth are men. There are about 300,000 elementary school pupils enrolled, and about 30.000 secondary school pupils. Their schooling costs about ten million dollars per year, for all purposes. Six millions of this is for teachers' salaries. The lowest salaries are about $400 per year, for the teachers of small rural schools. Salaries for primary and elementary schools range from $400 to $800 per year, with an average of about $600. Principals get an average of about $800. Highschool teachers receive from $700 to $1500 per year, with an average of about ent, mediaeval and modern), school law, methods of teaching. These examinations vary somewhat in the different counties, as each county is a law unto itself in details. Usually the examinations occur in December and June and occupy from three to five days of time; but there are many exceptions. All applicants pay a fee of $2. Detailed information of time, place, rules, and samples of questions may usually be obtained upon request of the county superintendent of schools. Any elementary school certificate entitles the holder to teach in any elementary or primary school in the county. The county board of education may issue special certificates of either elementary or highschool grade to those who, by examination or any credentials, or by both, shall satisfy the board of their special fitness to teach one or more of the particular studies for which special certificates may be granted, and who shall satisfy the board of their proficiency in English grammar, orthography, defining, and methods of teaching. No special certificate shall be granted to teach, in any school, studies other than drawing, music, physical culture and commercial, technical or industrial work. These special certificates do not entitle the holder to take charge of regular schools or to teach other branches than the technical ones specially named in the certificate. The county board of education may grant kindergarten-primary certificates upon credentials only, not examination. Such certificates do not entitle the holder to teach primary or grammar school classes, but only kindergartens. Credentials that may be recognized are other California kindergarten-primary certificates, diplomas from kindergarten department of a California state normal school, and diplomas from kindergarten training schools on the accredited list. See remark concerning Circular No. 1 under elementary school certificates, as above. The county superintendent has power to issue, if he deem it proper to do so, temporary certificates of equivalent grades to persons holding certificates granted by county boards of education of California; or to persons who are graduates of colleges, normal schools or universities, and who hold valid certificates issued outside of California when in his schooling costs about ten million dollars per year, for all purposes. Six millions of this is for teachers' salaries. The lowest salaries are about $400 per year, for the teachers of small rural schools. Salaries for primary and elementary schools range from $400 to $800 per year, with an average of about $600. Principals get an average of about $800. High school teachers receive from $700 to $1500 per year, with an average of about $1000. High school principals average about $1350. The cost of board ranges from $16 to $30 per month, averaging about $24. The term of school varies from 8 to 10 months per year, averaging 9 in primary and elementary schools, 9 1-2 in high schools. No school can fall below six months. The terms usually begin in September and close in May or June, although there are many exceptions in the high mountains and along the coast. There are four kinds of certificates issued by county boards of education: High school, elementary school, special, and kindergarten-primary. All certificates require a fee of $2 before being issued. The high school certificates are issued only upon credentials, not upon examination. A circular (No.4) giving the details of high school certification will be furnished upon request, by the superintendent of public instruction at Sacramento or a copy may be seen at the office of the nearest county superintendent of schools. A high school certificate entitles the holder to teach in any high school, elementary school, or primary school in the county. Elementary school certificates may be issued by the county board of education upon credentials, such as ot- The county superintendent has power to issue, if he deem it proper to do so, temporary certificates of equivalent grades to persons holding certificates granted by county boards of education of California; or to persons who are graduates of colleges, normal schools or universities, and who hold valid certificates issued outside of California, when, in his judgment, such certificates correspond in grade to certificates which may be issued by county boards of education; such temporary certificates to expire on the July first or January first next following the date of issuance; but to graduates of the University of California or the Leland Stanford Junior University, he may issue temporary elementary certificates valid for two years. No person shall be entitled to receive a temporary certificate more than once in the same county. The temporary certificate requires no fee. Each county superintendent of schools conducts a county teachers' institute each year, at such time, in such manner, and with such instructors as he chooses. All teachers employed in the county are required to be present and take part in the proceedings. Teachers' salaries are not reduced by such attendance. California is the only state making its own text books for the public schools. It has done so for twenty-five years. Copyrights and plates of text books adopted by the state board of education are leased of the publishers at royalties ranging from 15 to 25 per cent of the price. The books are manufactured at the state printing office and furnished at cost to the children. The value ANAHEIM GAZETTE of the books sold is more than $200,000 per year. Address the Superintendent of Public Instruction, at Sacramento, for the following publications: School Law. (Postage, 6 cents.) Superintendent's Biennial Report. Four sections, as follows: 1. Statistics. 2. Arbor Day. (Postage, 3 cents.) 3. Conservation of Resources. (Postage, 5 cents.) 4. School Architecture and School Improvement. (Postage, 6 cents.) Circular 1—California Accredited Lists, concerning Grammar School and Kindergarten certification on credentials. Circular 3—On Examination for Special High School Credential. Circular 4.—On High School certification. (Also covers Special High School credential.) Circular 5—Information on California school system. Application for Special High School credential. List of High School text books. Do not apply to the Superintendent of Public Instruction for a list of the teachers of the state; or for a state course of study; or for sample examination questions; or for a list of vacancies, chances for employment, or anything whatever that relates to applying for positions or securing places for teachers; or for the issue of teachers' certificates. These are things pertaining to the county, not to the state; wherefore, address the county superintendent of schools of the county where you are most interested. Edward Hyatt, Superintendent of Public Instruction. DUCK SEASON OPENS Birds Plentiful Along the Coast Marshes ASSESSMENTS IN CITIES PRIVATE PROPERTY MUST STAND FOR PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS Need Not Be Proportionate for Benefits Received—Citizens Fail To Receive Reductions in Their Assessments—Railroad Suit Sheds Light There is a general impression that assessments made on private property for public improvements constructed by a city must be proportional to the benefits received, and this idea has been made the basis of a number of law suits in different states in which citizens have endeavored to obtain reductions in their assessments. This is correct to a certain extent only; but there are many cases in which assessments are legally made without any consideration of whether or not benefits have been rendered to the property in question, to say nothing of whether the assessments against several properties are proportional to the benefits rendered to them. The C. M. & St. P. railway company a few months ago carried to the U.S. Circuit Court of appeals a suit against the city to compel it to abate an assessment against property used by it as a freight station and sidging for a sewer built in front of said property. The court in its decision made this point quite plain, and it seems worth while to quote that portion of the decision covering this question. The statement is as follows: “This court has held that, where assessments for local benefits are required to be assessed according to the benefits accruing to each parcel, an assessment of a level rate by the front foot rule, while not necessarily void, will be held invalid, unless it appears that the assessing board has plate that all the property drained by the system shall be assessed at an even rate, so that each parcel shall pay approximately its proportionate share of the cost of what may be called merely a service sewer, while the additional expense of main or the trunk sewers, made necessary in order to conduct away the combined output of the minor service sewers, shall be borne by the entire district. If this be, as we hold it is, a legitimate exercise of the police power, there are no constitutional objections, either national or state, which stand in the way. It is seen by this that the assessment is classified as coming under the police power, and as being for the preservation of public safety. The same would apply to other structures intended to provide for the health of the community. As described in a recent issue, the same principle of police power is given broad interpretation by the courts and may even in some cases be taken to cover questions of aesthetics as well as those of health and morals.—Municipal Journal and Engineer. FRUIT-GROWING INDUSTRY Counties Committee Will Talk On Horticulture The twelfth semi-annual meeting of the Counties Committee of the California Promotion Committee, which is to be held at Visalia Saturday November 13, will have for its theme a subject that will deeply interest every one in California. The development of the fruit growing industry has meant much for the development of the State and at Visalia representatives from all parts of California will discuss “Horticulture in California.” There will be a wide range of topics, each having for its exponent, a man especially fitted to talk on the DUCK SEASON OPENS Birds Plentiful Along the Coast Marshes Many hunters were out after ducks on Friday morning, when the season opened a half hour before sunrise. Most of the shooting was along the marshes from Anaheim Landing to Balboa, where the most important gun preserves in Southern California are located. Contrary to usual conditions there are few ducks in the San Joaquin valley, while there are a great many feeding on the Orange county ponds. A message from Game Warden Pritchard of the San Joaquin valley stated that the birds were quite scarce this season. Newport Bay attracted a good many hunters, for there are large flocks of ducks, feeding on the bayous and on the main water, and the location was easy of access. Many of the club shooters started for the marshes early Friday morning, and a lot went down in the evening. Everything was in readiness for record crowds. There was not one of the clubs but what had sufficient water in the ponds to float sprig. These birds seem to prefer shallows and were plentiful on almost every preserve. Two new clubs which began operations for the first time this season are the West Shore and Cazadores, the former lying adjacent to the Blue Wing, and the Cazadores being located to the west of the Lomita. Two wells have been pumping water on the Cazadores ponds, while six streams have been flowing on the West Shore. SUIT OVER OIL LANDS The Olinda Land Company has brought suit to determine who shall have possession of fifty-eight acres of oil-bearing lands at Olinda after October 8, 1913. The defendant is the Fullerton Consolidated Oil Company, which has a lease under which it can produce oil by paying one-eighth of the output as rental. The plaintiff argues that the defendant holds out made this point quite plain, and it seems worth while to quote that portion of the decision covering this question. The statement is as follows: “This court has held that, where assessments for local benefits are required to be assessed according to the benefits accruing to each parcel, an assessment of a level rate by the front foot rule, while not necessarily void, will be held invalid, unless it appears that the assessing board has considered the matter and determined that the benefits are in fact proportionate to the frontage of each parcel. The simple question here is whether a law is constitutional which provides for the assessment of a fixed proportion of the cost of a public sanitary sewer against adjoining lots by the front foot rule. “The decisions upon the general question of the validity of special assessment laws which do not provide for assessments to be made in proportion to the benefits received are very numerous and conflicting. A treatise might easily be written upon the subject, but no attempt will be made to write such a treatise here, as the writer fears that such attempt might result in a collection of words without knowledge which merely darken counsel. It is well settled that assessments against adjoining property are not limited to benefits received where such assessments are properly made under the police power. Thus the court has held that the entire cost of a sidewalk may be properly assessed against the adjoining lot without reference to or ascertainment of actual benefits. Hennessy v. Douglas County, 99 Wis. 129, 74 N.W. 983; Libson Avenue L. Co. v. Lake Wis. 113, N. W. 1099. In the last case it was held that, inasmuch as the presence of a defective and dangerous sidewalk constituted a serious public inconvenience and danger, the city might under the police power be clothed with the right to build or repair it at once without notice and to charge the entire expense to the abutting lot upon which it stands, regardless of the question of the amount of benefit actually conferred. A defective sidewalk is a menace to the public safety, and its presence in public street is quite analogous to the presence of a disease breeding cesspool upon private property, which under well established principles may be removed by the public authorities and the expense thereof charged to There will be a wide range of topics, each having for its exponent a man especially fitted to talk on the special subject. These will include not only the industry of fruit raising, but also the allied industries of curing and preserving fruits. Arrangements are already being made to have this one of the most enthusiastic and successful meetings of the Committee and in order that there may be widespread interest the recommendations of the last meeting that short talks be given by representatives of the various districts, in order that each part of the State may present suggestions for betterment of conditions and also for the general good of the commonwealth will be carried out. Reports will be received from committees appointed at the preceding meeting at Del Monte last May. The meetings of the Counties Committee are becoming more popular each year and at the coming gathering it is expected that the theme will attract many who have heretofore been unaware of the benefit ensuing to the State from these semi-annual gatherings of earnest workers for California. The usual reduced rates of a fare and one-third from all parts of California to Visalia will be accorded by all railroads on the receipt certificate plan. AFFECTS WATER SUPPLY Important Decision Rendered at San Bernardino by Judge Oster Lengthy Litigation Though the San Antonio Water company drains the Cucamonga springs by pumping from sixteen wells, Judge Oster of the San Bernardino court on Friday decided that the Cucamonga Vineyard company and a score of other corporations owning rights in the springs cannot secure an injunction, for the reason that the latter have stood by without protest and permitted the San Antonio company to tap the springs by means of these SUIT OVER OIL LANDS The Olinda Land Company has brought suit to determine who shall have possession of fifty-eight acres of oil-bearing lands at Olinda after October 8, 1913. The defendant is the Fullerton Consolidated Oil Company, which has a lease under which it can produce oil by paying one-eighth of the output as rental. The plaintiff asserts that the defendant holds out to the public that it will keep possession after the date named. The court is asked to issue an order restraining the company from making such assertion, and decreeing that possession passes from the oil company on the date named. TERM TRIAL JURORS The following term trial jurors have been selected by the Superior Court: J. W. Fisher, C. H. Mcacham, G. A. Walker, Otto Des Granges, P. C. Killifer, Chas. W. Swartz, R. J. Fyffe, Samuel F. Rails, Wm. Shamrock, J. B. Nankewis, George Fox, O. E. Bennett, Levi Gockley, F. D. Turner, A. Struthers, J. W. King, Elmer Hooper, T. E. Newman, S. T. Rutherford, S. M. Smith, A. F. Lindner, W. B. Winans, J. R. Fuller, R. McClintock, S. R. Herren, E. D. Barton, W. H. Johnson, Joseph Hildreth, G. W. Warner, A. J. Chaffee, T. L. Carlyle, G. J. Moore, Jesse I. Clark, J. E. Johnson, Jesse Gerhart, J. S. Artz, Henry Jessen, F. J. Rogers, Horace Morse. Dancing every Tuesday evening at Spurgeon's hall, Santa Ana. Are they all using the Oliver No. 5 Typewriter? Not yet—but soon. Why? Ask Carl G. Jorn, Jorn building, Orange, Calif. or repair it at once without notice and to charge the entire expense to the abutting lot upon which it stands, regardless of the question of the amount of benefit actually conferred. A defective sidewalk is a menace to the public safety, and its presence in public street is quite analogous to the presence of a disease breeding cesspool upon private property, which under well established principles may be removed by the public authorities and the expense thereof charged to the property if the statutes so authorize. The decisions are quite unanimous upon the question, and may be found collated in 2 Cooley on Taxation (3d Ed.) pp. 1128, 1129, 1130. Upon the last-named page Judge Cooley proceeds as follows: 'There seems to be no legal impediment to a requirement under the police power that lot owners in cities and villages shall be at the expense of constructing that portion of the public sewer in front of their respective premises—citing Van Wagoner v. Paterson, 67 N.J.Law, 455, 51 Atl. 922. See also, Gleason v.Waukesha Co., 103 Wis. 225, 79 N.W. 249. There certainly is no fault in this line of reasoning The preservation of public health from danger resulting from the accumulation of sewage upon private property in cities is fully as persuasive a justification for the exercise of the police power as the preservation of life and limb from the dangers resulting from defective or snow covered sidewalks. So far as this court has spoken on the subject, it has sustained the right to make sewerage assessments upon the front foot rule without regard to the extent of benefits Meggett v.Eau Claire, 81 Wis. 326, 51 N.W. 566.See also Blount v.Janesville, 31 Wis 648.The provisions of the general charter in question evidently contem- Though the San Antonio Water company drains the Cucamonga springs by pumping from sixteen wells, Judge Oster of the San Bernardino court on Friday decided that the Cucamonga Vineyard company and a score of other corporations owning rights in the springs cannot secure an injunction, for the reason that the latter have stood by without protest and permitted the San Antonio company to tap the springs by means of these wells. The suit has been on trial for many years, sixty-eight days being given at one stretch to expert testimony.At stake was the domestic water supply of Ontario and Upland and the irrigation supply for all that rich orange country thereabouts,the San Antonio Water company serving both towns and surrounding groves with domestic and irrigation water. Owing to the enormous expense of the litigation and the heavy interests affected, Judge Oster directs that any change or modification of the decision which may be made by the Supreme Court shall stand as an amendment to his decision thereby eliminating the necessity of a new trial.The decision is an affirmation of the Supreme Court's recent opinion in the case of J.H.Darton against the Riverside water company. Little Ted, 7 years old, was sent to the bathroom for a "good scrub" before dinner, but returned so quickly that his mother declared he could not possibly have washed himself.He replied: Truly, I did,mother,and if you don't believe it,you can just go to the bathroom and look at the towel. Fire extinguishers and fire proof safes.Wm.F.Lutz Co.,Santa Ana. GET OFF THE FENCE If you are hesitating as to what to do with your money; whether to hide it around your premises, carry it on your person or deposit it in bank. Now is the time to take a good look on both sides. On one side you see danger, inconvenience and possible poverty, while on the other are safety, convenience and prosperity. You don't need any glasses to see these things, only a little common sense: so get up on the top rail and jump as for as you can—on the bank side. We will guard your treasures safely, watch your interests carefully and help you with our advice and influence. 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