anaheim-gazette 1909-09-09

KEEPING QUALITIES OF LEMONS Physical Characteristics of the Different Types Lemons are known to be a most variable fruit in their physical characteristics. Not only is this true of trees of any given variety, but in some cases it is also true of the different fruits taken from the individual tree. The manner of handling water and fertilizers is commonly believed to be of great importance in getting smooth, well-shaped lemons. The lemon varies in general from a barrel shape to an almost spherical form marked by more or less pronounced protuberant ends. Thick and conspicuous ends detract from the value of the fruit. The best size of lemon weighs on the average 120 to 135 grams. Of course size is not the only factor which determines the weight, much depending on the rind, quantity of juice, and general solidity of the fruit. The most desirable sizes of lemons average 300 and 360 to the box. There are usually three grades of lemons, known as fancy, choice and standard. The grades depend on the general texture of the fruit, the form and the color. The sizes vary from 180 to 540 to the box, but few lemons are packed larger than the 240 or smaller than the 490 per box size. The better grades are mostly made up of the fruit of fine texture and of good form picked when green and colored either by slow curing in tents or by sweating. The tree-ripe fruit is less commonly used for the finer select grades, since many question its keeping quality. In some packing houses it goes largely into an inferior grade, and at some seasons of the year when the fruit is quite small from 400 to 500 are packed in a box. A very small percentage of removing this material; in fact, all methods of clarifying tested fall to make the juice perfectly clear. Besides the citric acid, to which the sourness is chiefly due, tartaric and malic acids are present, but in such small quantities that they are probably negligible as to their effect both on the behavior of the fruit itself and on the acid determinations. The specific gravity of lemon juice shows a narrow range of variation. DRAINS ON FORESTS We Are Cutting Them Three Times as Fast as They are Growing "The total yearly drain upon our forests, not counting losses from fires, storms, and insects, is some twenty billion cubic feet," says R. S. Kellogg, assistant forester in charge of the office of forest statistics, in a publication just issued by the Forest Service on "The Timber Supply of the United States." "Our present forest area of 550 million acres may be roughly estimated to consist of 200 million acres of mature forests, in which the annual growth is balanced by death and decay, of 250 million acres partially cut or burned over, on which, with reasonable care, there is sufficient young growth to produce in course of time a merchantable, but not a full crop of timber, and 100 million acres of more severely cut and burned over forests, on which there is not sufficient young growth to produce another crop of much value. "Taken as a whole, the annual growth of our forests under these conditions does not exceed twelve cubic feet per acre, a total of less than seven billion cubic feet. That is, we are cutting our forests three times as fast as they are growing. There is menace in the continuance of such..." The green fruit after it is properly cured, either by sweating or by the slower tent process, possesses a rich lemon-yellow color which is seldom found in the tree-ripe fruit. There is a wide variation in the texture of lemons, which is currently thought to be influenced by orchard conditions and the season of the year. As a rule, large, overgrown fruit has a rougher texture than smaller fruit. During the curing process the rind is smoothed down considerably and the texture is improved. Tree-ripe lemons usually have a smoother texture than the green fruit. The rind consists of the external epidermis and a well-developed underlying layer of soft, spongy, white tissue. This layer of tissue contains a considerable quantity of water, much of which evaporates during the curing of the fruit, causing a considerable shrinkage in the thickness of the rind. It is for this reason that the spongy layer of the green,freshly picked fruit is, as a rule, thicker than that of the tent-cured lemons. Individual lemons display great variations in the thickness of their rind, a condition which it is difficult to recognize from the general external appearance of the fruit. It appears that good, sound, normal-sized fruit, with smooth or medium texture, as a rule, has a thinner rind than the rough and oversized sorts. The rind of green fruit varies from one-eighth to five-sixteenths of an inch in thickness and averages about one-fourth of an inch. As stated previously, the tent-cured and sweated fruit averages somewhat less, while the tree-ripes usually run from one-eighth to three-sixteenths, and sinkers vary from about one-sixteenth to one-twelfth million acres of more severely cut and burned over forests, on which there is not sufficient young growth to produce another crop of much value. "Taken as a whole, the annual growth of our forests under these conditions does not exceed twelve cubic feet per acre, a total of less than seven billion cubic feet. That is, we are cutting our forests three times as fast as they are growing. There is menace in the continuance of such conditions. While we might never reach absolute timber exhaustion, the unrestricted exploitation of our forests in the past has already had serious effects, and it will have much worse if it is allowed to continue unchecked. "White pine, for instance, which was once considered inexhaustible, has fallen off seventy per cent in the cut since 1890, and more than forty-five per cent since 1900. The cut of oak, our most valuable hardwood lumber, has decreased sixteen per cent since 1900, and that of yellow poplar twenty-two per cent. The same story will be told of other woods if they are not conserved. "The fact that timber has been cheap and abundant has made us careless of its production and reckless in its use. We take 250 cubic feet of wood per capita annually from our forests, while Germany uses only thirty-seven cubic feet, and France but twenty-five. On the other hand, Germany, who has learned her lesson, makes her state forests produce an average of forty-eight cubic feet of wood per acre. We have as fast-growing species as Germany, or faster, and as good or better forest soil if we protect it. "The necessity for more farm land may eventually reduce our total forest area to 100 million acres less than it is at present. It is entirely possible, however, to produce on 450 million acres as much wood as a population much greater than we have now will really need if all the forest land is brought to its highest producing capacity and if the product is economically and completely utilized. But to reach the necessary condition of equilibrium between timber production and consumption will take many years of vigorous effort by individual forest owners, by the states, and by the national government. None of them can solve the problem alone; all must work together." that good, sound, normal-sized fruit, with smooth or medium texture, as a rule, has a thinner rind than the rough and oversized sorts. The rind of green fruit varies from one-eighth to five-sixteenths of an inch in thickness and averages about one-fourth of an inch. As stated previously, the tent-cured and sweated fruit averages somewhat less, while the free-ripes usually run from one-eighth to threesixteenths, and sinkers vary. From about one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch, due to the extreme reduction of the spongy layer. The seed content of the California lemons is very small, indeed. A large majority of the fruit is entirely free from seeds. Now and then one finds a lemon that contains as many as a dozen seeds, sometimes all developed, but more often only partially so. They occur in all grades and varieties of fruit, but appears that they are found more frequently in lemons of low grade. It is said by some growers that orchard conditions as regards the soil and method of cultivation, as well as the general condition of the trees, have an important bearing on the presence of seeds. It has been noticed that the fruit from some localities displays a greater tendency toward seed production than that from others. The juice constitutes from 30 to 35 per cent of the total weight of the lemon, varying to a considerable extent with the thickness of the rind and the general solidity of the fruit. In the tree-ripes, sinkers and cured-fruit the percentage is higher than in the green, newly picked lemons, for the reason that the latter have more water in their rinds. The juice obtained by expression contains a considerable quantity of mucilaginous material, which gives it a cloudy appearance. Great difficulty is found in now will really need if all the forest land is brought to its highest producing capacity and if the product is economically and completely utilized. But to reach the necessary condition of equilibrium between timber production and consumption will take many years of vigorous effort by individual forest owners, by the states, and by the national government. None of them can solve the problem alone; all must work together." AMERICAN MINING CONGRESS Meeting at Goldfield Will Be Attended by Many Californians Beginning September 27 the American Mining Congress will hold its sessions at Goldfield, Nevada, and the proceedings of that body at its meeting will be of great interest to California. This State's mining industry is one of the prime essentials of prosperity, and the increase of this industry is a matter that should be considered by everyone who has the welfare of the commonwealth at heart. It was this spirit that brought together at a recent meeting representatives of various organizations, for the purpose of discussing the coming Mining Congress, and to start a movement to send a large California delegation to the Goldfield gathering. The committee is now working to have the delegates from California go to Goldfield on a special train and it invites all the organizations of the State to appoint delegates and have them go on this train. Are you using one of our genuine Moon Bros. vehicles? If not, you do not know what comfort and pleasure you are missing. Wm. F. Lutz Co., Santa Ana. STRATTON AND THE CLIMATE Prefers Latter to New Position with Larger Salary Following the departure of the congressional delegates for Hawaii comes the rumor that Frederick S. Stratton, Collector of the Port of San Francisco, has been offered a place on the United States Court of Customs Appeal, and that Stratton has modestly declined the crown. A position on this customs court, newly created by a paragraph in the tariff bill, carries with it an annual compensation of $7500, but Stratton declares that he likes the climate of California too well to part with it at any such figure. Thus is the climate of California justified by a valuation made by an expert in appraisements. For the Collector of the Port will not part with it at the price of $20.53 a day. Possibly this explains why the population of California is not greater, for most persons could not afford climate at this figure. The story goes that when the law makers from Washington were here they sought out Stratton and told him that a customs judgeship was his for the asking, and that Stratton answered: "Thank you gentlemen, but I prefer the climate of California." At the banquet which was given the Congressmen at the St. Francis in San Francisco on Monday night Stratton's refusal of the offer was the table talk of the evening, and all the Congressmen wondered. The man from Kansas and the man from Chicago could not comprehend that such a valuable climate existed. Senator Perkins fears that his efforts to secure a position on the new bench for a man from California will fail. calculably great. And, finally, that the great goal which had defied the efforts of explorers through the centuries and whose pathway was strewn with the bones of the most intrepid travelers of all the great nations of the world should be first reached by an American is a triumph that will be patriotically acclaimed from the St.Lawrence to the Rio Grande and from ocean to ocean. SWAN SONG OF BOSS Charles Hardy Gives Up Scepter After 12 Years of Power Santa Barbara, Sept. 3.—Charles Hardy, the general manager of the Republican party of San Diego county abdicated yesterday. He was on the train on his way to San Francisco. "You can say positively, on my authority," he said, "that I am through politics. This is not because of the new primary law, because I would beat that as easily as I did the convention system. All I would need would be a machine and a new pattern, but I am tired of the game and can quit now with neither Herrin nor Parker having any claim on me. My political accounts are all squared, and if there is any balance of service it shows to my credit. I am not quitting because Walter Parker has withdrawn, nor for any reason except that the game has wearied me. I may do some shouting for Gillett if he is a candidate, and for Frank Flint, but as a worker or as a boss, as your reporters have mistakenly called me, I'm through." Mr. Hardy for twelve years has been supreme political dictator of San Diego county, and has named many big state officers. DEFENSE OF BALLINGER At the banquet which was given the Congressmen at the St. Francis in San Francisco on Monday night Stratton's refusal of the offer was the table talk of the evening, and all the Congressmen wondered. The man from Kansas and the man from Chicago could not comprehend that such a valuable climate existed. Senator Perkins fears that his efforts to secure a position on the new bench for a man from California will fail. "I consider Mr. Stratton eminently fitted for such an office," says the senior Senator from this division of the weather map, and he went on to intimate that since Stratton has refused he may be able to secure the appointment of Marion de Vries, also of California, but that if De Vries declines he fears that the President may not be further influenced by the suggestions of the Congressional delegation from this State. De Vries is now receiving a salary of $9000 per annum as a member of the Board of General Appraisers at New York, and it is feared that he will not look with favor on being promoted to an annual cut in his salary of $1500. Candidates who are now earning less than $7500 a year and who value the climate of California at less than $1 an hour should make haste to present their claims. CONSERVING RESOURCES Germany and France in Front Rank of Nations France and Germany have been more mindful than other countries of the necessity to conserve natural resources, and in making the land produce to the utmost of its power. In those countries forests have had careful consideration and nurture. They now yield all that is possible and any considerable extension of present areas would trench upon lands needed for other productive uses. Hungary, where in the main the soil is rich, has never given hardly appreciable attention to conservation of natural resources, nor intelligently devoted energies to agricultural development until within late years. Recently the Hungarians have been aroused from a state of lethargy to one of unanticipated activity in the cause of agriculture. The government has taken hold of the subject with a vigorous hand and has formulated a DEFENSE OF BALLINGER Weak Points in Arguments of His Supporters The weak point in the argument made on behalf of Secretary Ballinger in relation to public land withdrawals is pointed out by the Pittsburg Dispatch, which finds that the defense is double and that its two counts are mutually destructive. The New York Sun and the New York World, which hold in common as an article of faith the tenet that all the Roosevelt policies are intrinsically detestable, had their argument ready made and stereotyped, and it was, of course, that Roosevelt and Pinchot had broken the law by including certain lands and water rights in the forest reserves. Ballinger, therefore, had rebuked the detestable Roosevelt by restoring these lands and rights to entry, so that they might be appropriated. Roosevelt was a law breaker and Ballinger simply did his duty under the law by permitting appropriation of public property. The Dispatch proceeds: But now comes the authorized defense of Secretary Ballinger, which sets forth inter alia that he has not let the claimants take the lands and is refusing entry except in three unimportant or laudable cases. We have therefore the impressive arguments, of which this is the most condensed form: First — Secretary Ballinger is required by law to let corporations, or whoever gets there first, take the water power sites. Second — Secretary Ballinger has not allowed them to take the water power sites. It is easily seen that this proves rather too much for Secretary Ballinger. It also fails to make the subject clear to the people. The Dispatch is clear that whatever is done on this question, as on all others, must be done in accordance with the law. But there are several points... Hungary, where in the main the soil is rich, has never given hardly appreciable attention to conservation of natural resources, nor intelligently devoted energies to agricultural development until within late years. Recently the Hungarians have been arduous from a state of lethargy to one of unanticipated activity in the cause of agriculture. The government has taken hold of the subject with a vigorous hand and has formulated a system of agricultural upbuilding inferior only to that of the United States. WE OWN THE POLE Uncle Sam Has New Possessions in the Arctic Washington, Sept. 2.—What Dr. Cook's discovery of the North Pole means: A strip of land, thirty thousand square miles in extent, sterile and inhabited only by polar animals, has been added to the area of the United States. For the first time in the history of the world an accurate chart of the globe may now be made. Dr. Cook's discovery will finally settle the question of the earth's ellipticity—whether or not there is a flattening of the surface at the poles. A vast field for meteorological, tidal and magnetic research is opened by the discovery of the pole. Observations must be made before a full comprehension of nature's law and processes can be had. The prevalent view among geographers had been that there was not land at the pole. Dr. Cook's effort apparently has disproved this theory. The value of the discovery in terms of money probably is nothing. As a scientific achievement its value is in whoever gets there first, take the water power sites. Second — Secretary Ballinger has not allowed them to take the water power sites. It is easily seen that this proves rather too much for Secretary Ballinger. It also fails to make the subject clear to the people. The Dispatch is clear that whatever is done on this question, as on all others, must be done in accordance with the law. But there are several points on which the public deserves complete light, and has a right to it. The dispute raises a question of fact, as well as one of policy. Mr. Ballinger no doubt by this time repents his haste in throwing open to entry valuable public rights and property. If the reservations were illegal, there was no pressing hurry to invalidate them. Congress might be trusted to mend the weak places in the law, if such exist, and the secretary's hasty action might have done irreparable injury to public interests. Whether that injury has been done is a question of fact which congress will be asked to investigate. Charges and counter charges in this regard are made. The air is full of semi-official denials on behalf of the secretary, but these things are easily manufactured and are distrusted with reason by the public, which has come to learn by experience that they are commonly characterized by that form of falsehood described as suppression of the truth or important parts of the truth. Let us not lose sight of the fact that the conservation of the forests and water power rights is among the most important of the Roosevelt policies that have become dear to the people, and any attack, open or secret, on this principle will be bitterly resented. Mr. Ballinger is on trial.—Call. POWERFUL Power, Reliable Power, Plentiful Power, Electric Power. The Edison Electric Company, SANTA ANA, CAL. Phone, Sunset, Main 46. California Wine Co. F. Conrad & Son, Props. Center Street - Anaheim Wholesale Wine and Liquor Merchants Best Brands of Bottled Beer. Delivery Made Everywhere HENSHAW, BULKLEY & CO. 262-64 So. Los Angeles St. Los Angeles IRRIGATION PLANTS INSTALLED COMPLETE MACHINERY of all kinds, including road making machinery, levelers, scrapers, hardpan ploughs, etc. Full stock always on hand. GASOLINE ENGINES CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Low Rates East ROUND TRIP Via Southern Pacific SALE DATES— Sept. 7 to 10 and 13 to 15, inclusive Return limit 90 days from sale date but not later than October 31, 1909 Some of the rates are: Chicago.....$72 50 St. Louis.....$67 50 New Orleans.....67 50 Memphis.....67 50 Omaha.....60 00 Kansas City.....60 00 St. Paul.....73 50 Toronto.....95 70 Montreal.....108 50 Boston.....110 50 New York City.....108 50 Philadelphia.....108 50 Baltimore.....107 50 Washington.....107 50 Minneapolis.....73 50 Also to other points not specified above. Stop-overs en route and your choice of routes going and returning. One way via Portland, $24.50 higher. Steamship Tickets to All Parts of the World You that are contemplating trips abroad, see me as early as possible, account of space on steamers being taken early this season. For further information call up Southern Pacific Sunset Main 183 or Home 1724 J. M. PICKERING Agent, Anaheim You that are contemplating trips abroad, see me as early as possible, account of space on steamers being taken early this season. For further information call up Southern Pacific Sunset Main 183 or Home 1724 J. M. PICKERING Agent, Anaheim Griffith Lumber Co. Agents for ORIENTAL PLASTER COLTON PORTLAND CEMENT LUMBER BRICKS ALL KINDS OF MILL WORK So. Los Angeles st. near S. P. depot Henry M. Adams, Mgr. B. Dauser Dealer In all Kinds of GRAIN AND FEED Storage Warehouses And Custom Feed Mill in Connection Regular Mill Days, Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays. LOCATION—South of Sant Fe depot. Base Ball Goods FISHING OUTFITS Etc., Etc., at SPOERL'S GUN STORE Anaheim Bakery Peter Syre. Prop. Fresh Bread Cakes and Pies Confectionery. Etc. Wedding Cakes a Specialty Los Angeles and Cypress Sts. Business College SANTA ANA, CALIFORNIA A school where progressive thought is merged with sound business sense. The only Commercial school in Orange county, Endorsed by Chamber of Commerce and Merchants and Manufacturers As-ociation of Santa Ana, and leading business and professional men. Summer term of 8 weeks begins July 5 Individual instruction Our classrooms are cool and pleasant Cheap board—low tuition—catalogue free JOSEPH BACKS, Undertaker and Embalmer Furniture and Bedding. Repairing Done Phones—Sunset M. 93. Home 1062. OLIVER HILL City Livery Stables Fashionable Outfits at Reasonable Rates.