anaheim-gazette 1908-12-17

GUMMOSIS IN CITRUS TREES METHOD FOR ITS SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT EXPLAINED Soil Conditions Must First Be Corrected—How to Remove Diseased Bark—Formula for Wax to Cover Wounds—Experiment Station Ideas The bark of a tree where gumming has occurred may be cut out to some extent to relieve the pressure and permit the escape of the accumulated gum. In some cases the whole bark has been stripped off over all the affected portion, while in others only narrow strips of bark have been taken out, running from the crown up to the main fork on several sides of the tree. The latter process, on the whole, is thought to be the better method. If the bark is stripped off entirely a large area is exposed on badly affected trees, and in some cases it is necessary to entirely girdle the tree. Under improved soil conditions much of this bark would be likely to recover and remain alive, or if it dies it serves to protect the trees and cover the new growth of bark, which often comes beneath it. Many cases, however, have been successfully treated by stripping off all barkw hich showed discoloration beneath it, cutting out cleanly about the edges and painting over the exposed surface some protective covering. In such treatment the bark should be peeled off without scraping the surface of the wood, as often much of the cam- accumulation of water to extent, and at the same time producing a layer of hard waxy trunk. Another method consists of using a wooden box from one feet square about the tree's sides high enough to keep out water. This is somewhat but is probably the best method can be suggested for permanent provement in cases where are too low. In places where face water accumulates, the open ditches may often be advantage during the winter off the surplus. Without further details, we in general, that the whole p of gummosis consists in go age and proper aeration of w. The following letter, received by Judge A. F. Call of G well worth reproduction in connection: I found on coming to O early last year, that I had hundred lemon trees out thousand more or less affec gum and four hundred orange out of sixteen thousand affect so-called scab. After treati one year, all the gummed trees, with the exception o have either fully recovered, well on their way to recov now of a deep green color with fruit, and all of the orange trees are showing ma provement and on the way ery. I have made it a pol investigate these troubles i every colony in California ad districts in Florida, and that I know the cause and over the new growth of bark, which often comes beneath it. Many cases, however, have been successfully treated by stripping off all barkw high showed discoloration beneath it, cutting out cleanly about the edges and painting over the exposed surface some protective covering. In such treatment the bark should be peeled off without scraping the surface of the wood, as often much of the cambium layer is still alive and will form a new layer of bark. For covering the exposed surface a form of grafting wax has been discovered and found most satisfactory. This is prepared by melting together 4 pounds of resin, 1 pound of beeswax, and 1 pound of raw linseed oil. After thoroughly mixing, the wax is painted on with a brush while still warm and liquid. In many cases a considerable amount of new bark can be seen forming under this transparent wax, and the tree makes a decided recovery. A great variety of other materials have been used for covering the wound, but none of them appear to be as satisfactory as the wax. The method of slitting the bark, taking out one-eighth inch strips on four or five sides of the tree, through both the affected and the healthy parts, is usually most advisable. A special knife can be made for this work with which the slitting can be done quite rapidly. After cutting the bark in this manner some application may be made to the surface, and for this purpose many different substances have been tried. The application of neat's-foot oil, recently recommended by Judge A. F. Call of Corona, appears quite effective the oil tending to soften the bark and gum and keeping the latter from collecting in hard masses on the bark. A one-tenth solution of caustic potash in water has also been used, with good results. Others have used crude carbolic acid, sheep dip, and a great variety of other materials. The liquid substance recommended should be painted over the whole trunk of the tree, making a thorough application. The whole matter of the treatment of the tree itself is entirely of sec- trees, with the exception of have either fully recovered well on their way to recover now of a deep green color with fruit, and all of the orange trees are showing man provement and on the way arery. I have made it a polivestigate these troubles in every colony in California al districts in Florida, and that I know the cause and this trouble, and am satisfied drainage conditions will permit troubles can be prevented that are not entirely gone cured. "I came to the conclusion trouble was not a disease, simply a mechanical proposition to demonstrate this I inoculeral healthy trees by inserting of gum under the bark, result that no tree was affe the other hand any injury to will cause the gum to exude may be caused in a variety In some instances I found root encircling the trunk of just above the crown root had become imbedded in the caused a stoppage of the flos sap. In other cases I found hard ground had buried somi in the bark, with the same other cases I found that ho around the trunk of the treeated the bark. In other case ing water around the trunk tree had injured the life of but by far the most common and, in fact, perhaps ninety of all the cases, is caused around the runk of the treethe crown roots. As I look the reason of this accumu earth affecting the bark is bark, which nature intended above the ground, is more than the bark on he root, vature intended to be below and becomes easily affect deprived of air and in conthe earth, especially wet e "The gum disease of th trees and the scab disease oange trees is substantially trouble, and comes from t cause, and that is an inju deterioration of the bark of latter from collecting in hard masses on the bark. A one-tenth solution of caustic potash in water has also been used, with good results. Others have used crude carbolic acid, sheep dip, and a great variety of other materials. The liquid substance recommended should be painted over the whole trunk of the tree, making a thorough application. The whole matter of the treatment of the tree itself is entirely of secondary importance. If proper soil conditions can be obtained and maintained, the tree will heal itself, if not too far gone. The only benefit to be derived from any method of bark cutting and surface application is to promote the healing of the wounds caused by the disease. After treating the trunk of the tree it is well to cut back the top to some extent, reducing the amount of branches in proportion to amount of bark lost from the trunk. After the treatment of the soil and trees has been accomplished measures must be taken to prevent as far as possible the recurrence of the conditions which brought about the trouble. When possible o do so, the general level of the soil about the tree should be cut down so that the point of bud union will be well above ground. If it is impossible to do this, the hole which was dug out about the trunk must be kept open so that the soil will not accumulate again at that point, and at the same time this hole must not be allowed to become a receptacle for irrigation and rain water, thus making the condition worse than ever. In such cases the practice of filling the space with coarse sand has been resorted to quite successfully, thus preventing the "The gum disease of the trees and the scab disease of ange trees is substantially more difficult and comes from the cause, and that is an injury deterioration of the bark of which impedes the downward sap. I believe an examination show a darkened or deterioration of the bark somewhere trunk of the tree below where the gum is exuding." "The treatment should be done very carefully, as danger that the hoe or workman will bruise or cut the roots and thus cause additional damage. When the earth has been dug, that portion of the trunk has been covered with earth whitewashed, to prevent caused by sudden exposure to air and sun. The next thing is to split the bark to peel escape of the surplus sap, to its accumulation and consequent destruction of the bark. This be done by making a narrow strip from one sixteenth to one-an inch in width from the ground. About four of these rows are usually sufficient equal distances apart." A method of water to quite an infestation at the same time not requiring a layer of hard soil about it. The method consists in making wooden box from one to two pieces about the tree with the wood enough to keep out surface moisture. This is somewhat expensive, probably the best method that suggested for permanent impact in cases where the trees show. In places where surplus accumulates, temporary measures may often be made to prevent during the winter to carry surplus. Further details, we will say that the whole prevention basis consists in good drain-proper aeration of the roots. Following letter, recently written A. F. Call of Corona, is an reproduction in this concluding on coming to California, this year, that I had twelve lemon trees out of three more or less affected with four hundred orange trees between thousand affected with scab. After treatment for all the gummed lemon in the exception of four, they fully recovered, or are their way to recovery, and deep green color, well set, and all of the scabbed trees are showing marked im- and on the way to recov-ive made it a point to in- these troubles in nearly any in California and sever-ies in Florida, and believe how the cause and cure for the surplus sap all to one point and causes a greater injury. It is also a mistake to remove the bark, as is frequently done, which is supposed to be affected, for this causes a big wound which it takes a long time to cure, and my experience has proven that the largest part of the bark which appears to be affected will recover when the cause is removed and the surplus sap permitted to escape. After this is done all the affected portions and furrows through the bark should be thoroughly covered with neat's-foot oil. There is a double advantage in the application of this oil. One is, that it has a softening effect on the bark and alds in restoring its sap-carrying power. The other is, that it prevents the gum from sticking to and hardening on the bark and facilitates the removal of the gum, which will flow from the furrows. "After the trees have been treated they should be carefully watched, and two or three weeks after the first treatment they should be gone over again, and gum removed from the furrows, with a second application of the oil, and this watchfulness and care should be continued until the gum has ceased to flow. "It will be found that at the end of the year all the trees not badly affected will have recovered, and those which have been affected over considerable area will show some affection just above the old scars, owing to the injury of the bark still existing, with not enough new growth to carry all the sap. Most of the trees carrying a large amount of sap may have been so badly affected that there is not sufficient amount of bark." It will be found that at the end of the year all the trees not badly affected will have recovered, and those which have been affected over considerable area will show some affection just above the old scars, owing to the injury of the bark still existing, with not enough new growth to carry all the sap. Most of the trees carrying a large amount of sap may have been so badly affected that there is not sufficient amount of bark left to carry so much. When this condition is found, or, in fact, wherever the tree is more than half girdled or more than half of the bark is seriously affected or dead, the top should be cut back in proportion to the injured bark—that is, if one half of the bark has been destroyed, one half of the top should be removed. If only a strip two inches wide of good bark remains, but a very small top should be left. WATER FOR INDIANS Geological Survey Making Investigations on Reservations The United States Geological Survey has recently been instructed by the secretary of the interior to make an examination of the Moki and Navajo Indian reservations to determine whether or not ground waters exist there in sufficient quantities to justify development. The region occupied by these tribes is the high desert east of the Grand canyon of the Colorado. The Navajo are best known as the makers of Indian blankets of unique design and of particularly fine quality. Both the Navajo and Moki are pastoral tribes, herding within their reservations flocks of sheep and bands of cattle. In places where sufficient water is available small areas have been put under cultivation, Indianc orn, melons and a few vegetables being raised. The reservations are rather rarely visited by white men, although they comprise some of the most picturesque areas in the great plateaus of the southwest. San Juan river, one of the tributaries of the Colorado, flows along the northern boundary of the reservations in a canyon that re- The ground, is more tender park on he root, which naded to be below ground, comes easily affected when of air and in contact with especially wet earth. Pum disease of the lemon the scab disease of the oris is substantially the same and comes from the same that is an injury to or union of the bark of the tree needs the downward flow of believe an examination will darkened or deteriorated conthe bark somewhere on the the tree below the point gum is exuding. Treatment should commence removal of the cause, and by removing the earth down down roots and giving the water drainage. This should very carefully, as there is at the hoe or shovel of the will bruise or cut the crown thus cause additional trunion the earth has been removportion of the trunk which is covered with earth should washed, to prevent injury by sudden exposure to the sun. The next thing to do at the bark to permit the surplus sap, to prevent population and consequent defect of the bark. This should by making a narrow furrow sixteenth to one-eighth of width from the limbs to all. About four of these furrups usually sufficient at about minutes apart. Great mistake to make. It gashes around the bud, as justly done, for this brings available small areas have been put under cultivation, Indianc orn, melons and a few vegetables being raised. The reservations are rather rarely visited by white men, although they comprise some of the most pictureesque areas in the great plateaus of the southwest. San Juan river, one of the tributaries of the Colorado, flows along the northern boundary of the reservations in a canyon that resembles that of the Colorado, but is somewhat smaller. Just south of the Moki reservation is the Little Colorado, which, before it joins the Colorado, likewise sinks into a deep canyon whose walls are made up of vari-colored sandstone and limestone. Mountain groups like the Carriso and the Tunitcha mountains rise above the variegated desert that forms the greater part of the reservations. These mountain masses are huge flat-topped mesas, rimmed by cliffs that make them difficult of access. On some of them there are a few small lakes and many of the springs that rise at the foot of the slopes leading to them are the sites of the temporary homes occupied by the more or less nomadic Indian races. During dry years the natural sources of water supply are inadequate for the needs of the Indians and their herds, and the Indian bureau, which has conducted reclamation investigations in the past and is now planning to increase the area under irrigation by constructing dams and canal systems, wishes also to increase the number of places within the reservations where water can be obtained for range purposes. With this end in view it has asked that this investigation be made. ONEY can be borrowed on more favorable terms from the INGS, LOAN and BUILDING ASSOCIATION OF ANAHEIM than from any similar institution in the State Home Institution... Inducted by home men if you want to borrow money at a low rate to pay off your present mortgage, or to build a home or to improve your present one, address or call on Fred A. Backs, Jr Secretary Anaheim MENT PIPE Building Stone, Fence Posts A. HUNTER FULLERTON one for all information. Prices right and all work guaranteed. Anaheim Cigar Factory A. ARNOLD, PROP. Manufacturer of the Eagle, Rose Bud other Well Known Brands of Cigars MAKE A SPECIALTY OF PRIVATE BOX TRADE Center St. - Anaheim, Cal. Anaheim Bakery Peter Syre. Prop. Rush Bread Cakes and Dies Residence Phone Main 1181 Office Phone Main 1141 DR. JNO. H. BOEGE Dentist Office, Mullinix Building Hours: 8:30 to 11:30 a.m. Evenings 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. By Appointment DR. W. W. ADAMS OSTEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN Graduate of American School of Osteopathy of Kirksville, Mo. Office and Residence: 116 Philadelphia St. Office Hours: 10 to 12; 1 to 4. Phone No. Main 77 Commercial Hotel FIRST-CLASS DINING ROOM AND BAR Handsomely Furnished Rooms Everything neat and clean A home for the Traveling Public A trial will convince. JOHN ZIEGLER, Manager W. Harold Wickett, M. D. Res. Phones, Main 8X3, Home 863. Herbert A. Johnston, M. D. Res. Phones, Main 82, Home 862. Drs. Johnston & Wickett Office Hours, 11-12, 2-4, 7-8. Office Phones, Main 81, Home 861. Offices, 310 8. Los Angeles Street. F. C. SPENCER ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Notary Public Odd Fellows' Block, Center Streep Anaheim, Cal. RICHARD MELROSE ATTORNEY-AT-LAW and NOTARY PUBLIC Office Center St Special attention given to Probate Matters ANAHEIM. - - - - CAL. F. C. SPENCER ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Notary Public Odd Fellows' Block, Center Stree Anaheim, Cal. RICHARD MELROSE ATTORNEY-AT-LAW and NOTARY PUBLIC Office Center St Special attention given to Probate Matters ANAHEIM, CAL. F. BACKS Undertaker Dealer in Furniture, Wall Paper Cornices, Window Shades, Picture Frames Upholstery Goods, Paints, Oils, and Glass Sewing Machine Supplies Corner Los Angeles and Chartres Sts C. AMBERG FIRST - CLASS BARBER SHOP 120 E. Center St. Anaheim First Door East of "The Mission" Joseph Backs Undertaker Embalmer Furniture Bedding Repairing Done Phones—Sunset M. 93. Home 1062. O. LAGMAN BUILDER and Graduated Architect Consult me if you are going to build. I will submit Plans and Specifications free of cost, and save you money. L. B. PRUITT CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER Plans and estimates furnished. Entire satisfaction guaranteed. Residence, cor. Melrose and Broadway, Anaheim. Phone, Main 861. Finest of Wines, Liquors and Tigars, at Roman Wasser's L. B. PRUITT CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER Plans and estimates furnished. Entire satisfaction guaranteed. Residence, cor. Melrose and Broadway, Anaheim. Phone, Main 861. Finest of Wines, Liquors and Cigars, at Roman Wisser's Favorite - Saloon Schlitz Beer on Draught Center Street Anaheim, Cal. Peerless Saloon JOHN CASSOU, Prop. Fine Wines, Liquors and Cigars Anaheim Beer on draft, Bottle Beer and Case Goods 106 N. Los Angeles St. ANAHEIM, CAL. B. Dauser Dealer In All Kinds of GRAIN AND FEED Storage Warehouses And Custom Feed Mill in Connection Regular Mill Days, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. LOCATION—South of Santa Fe depot.