anaheim-gazette 1907-10-17
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LINING DITCHES WITH OIL
Crude Petroleum Used With Satisfactory Results in Up-County Irrigating Canals,
HEAVY ROAD OIL.
The instances where road oil has been used for canal or reservoir lining are few. The only example of its use for canal lining in California known by the writer, is at Lemoore, in Kings county, on the Madison branch of the Lemoore Canal and Irrigation company.
In this locality the canals are shallow, the velocity of the water is small, and the growth of weeds and aquatic plants in the canals is abundant. A large resistance is offered to the flow of water, which means a small carrying capacity, and a large loss due to seepage and evaporation. It is necessary for the irrigator to clean these frequently, sometimes as often as once every two weeks. The labor and cost are considerable.
Mr. McLaughlin, secretary of the Lemoore Irrigation company, tried as an experiment the use of heavy road oil to prevent the growth of vegetation. The oil was applied in November, 1905, on a length of 1¼ miles of the main canal. The canal is about 20 feet wide and about 1 foot in depth.
The oil used was crude petroleum degrees Beaume scale) washed on the sand and raked amount of oil used was 2 per square yard, or 13.35% of the volume of the sand. Of the reservoir were 4 on 1. This lining was completed when the writer exited it has so far answered in tory manner the purpose it was intended. A letter dressed to Wm. Mulholland tendered of the water depended on the city of Los Angeles as to its behavior, and his der date of December 20, follows:
"The oil lining of the reservoir has proven a success the exception of the south bankment, on which they poorly and hastily done a very severe northern gate month ago that raised wayient height to spray clear bank, although at that was fully 4 feet of clear continued action of this twenty-four hours or more holes in the slope, but an action of the broken place that the oil had penetrated inch or two and was henceient to withstand such viow.
Mr. Mulholland further with properly executed method would prove a success.
It will be noted that comparatively light oil was the writer's belief that
Mr. McLaughlin, secretary of the Lemoore Irrigation company, tried as an experiment the use of heavy road oil to prevent the growth of vegetation. The oil was applied in November, 1905, on a length of 1½ miles of the main canal. The canal is about 20 feet wide and about 1 foot in depth.
The oil used was crude petroleum from the Sunset district southwest of Bakersfield and contains a large percentage of asphaltum. Its specific gravity is 11¼ on the Beaume scale. This oil when cold will not run freely. It was used hot and sprinkled with an ordinary road sprinkler. The ditch had been previously cleaned of all vegetation and allowed to dry. The road sprinkler was driven first on the bottom of the ditch and then on the banks. The oil was then thoroughly harrowed in until it was well mixed with the soil, which was very sandy.
When examined in May, 1906, about seven months after the application of the oil, there was no vegetation in this part of the canal, while other parts of this same canal which had received no oil and had been cleaned two weeks previously showed a vigorous growth of vegetation. The contrast is very striking and clearly shows the value of oil in preventing the growth of aquatic plants. Not only was this part of the canal free from vegetation, but it was only about one-third full, while the canal full of weeds had to be full to carry the same amount of water.
An objection might be made to the use of oil for canal lining because of the fear that the oil might be carried to the fields in sufficient quantities as to injure the crops. Mr. McLaughlin states that in this case they had no trouble from this source.
An example of the use of oil for lining reservoirs is found near Bakersfield, where a small reservoir 275 feet long and 75 feet wide is built that the oil had penetrated inch or two and was henceient to withstand such viability.
Mr. Mulholland further with properly executed method would prove a success.
It will be noted that in comparatively light oil was the writer's belief that oil would be more efficient in wave action, erosion due to water.
From observations of the oil on roads or streets in the erosive force of rain during heavy rainfall it was that an oil lining for canals allow a very high velocity oiled streets having a stagger have been constructed withters built of exactly the same as the street. The during heavy rain storms it to carry a large volume of the velocity was high, stillters were not in the least.
A statement from Theo Los Angeles who has made study of oiled roads, gives of what might be expected lining for ditches: "The country was flooded and its good test of our oiled road is a road running into San dino on a grade of about about 300 or 400 feet down into a creek both road had been oiled a second and there was a good oiled The water rushed down to that road, because the could not carry such a great of it, and it did not make on the road, but a half mile there was a road of about grade which was so badly that it could not be used was repaired—a road that oiled. Between Pomona man there was a great qwater came from a can struck the oiled road at angles at one point. It came west, and of the east side road there was a margin inches of the surfacing ma
the use of oil for canal lining because of the fear that the oil might be carried to the fields in sufficient quantities as to injure the crops. Mr. McLaughlin states that in this case they had no trouble from this source.
An example of the use of oil for lining reservoirs is found near Bakersfield, where a small reservoir 275 feet long and 75 feet wide is built in almost pure, coarse sand. A centrifugal pump delivered to the reservoir 2250 gallons of water per minute for twelve hours, and it would leak out as fast as poured in. It was then decided to use road oil to prevent this excessive large seepage. 185 barrels of heavy oil (11 specific gravity Beaume scale) were poured while hot on the bottom of the reservoir. Since one barrel of oil contains 42 gallons, the rate at which the oil was applied was 3.31 gallons per square yard.
While for the Lemoore ditch the oil was harrowed into the soil, in this case the oil was poured on the surface and allowed to soak in. This formed a tough asphaltum crust of about 3 or 4 inches in thickness. The seepage was greatly reduced and now the reservoir can be rapidly filled with the same pump.
Another example of the use of oil for lining a reservoir is near Los Angeles—the Ivanhoe reservoir. Here it was found necessary to protect the sloping banks from the erosive action of the waves. On the slopes were spread 3 inches of river sand, fairly clean, and thin oil (16 to 18
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NUT GROWERS RESIST SUIT
Employ Counsel to Attack Validity of Bleaching Patented Process—Million for Defense, Nothing for Tribute
on another important fact bringing the suits claim patents on the use of chlorinated by any process declared that it can easily that chlorine has been purpose for at least thirty contended that if the A grower company holds and merely on chlorine ma
NUT GROWERS RESIST SUIT
Empoy Counsel to Attack Validity of Bleaching Patented Process—Milions for Defense, Nothing for Tribute
Walnut growers of Southern California are preparing to contest the suits brought in the United States circuit court by the Anderson-Barngrover Manufacturing company of San Jose for alleged infringement of a patent bleaching process.
Subpoenas in these suits which involve several hundred growers in this part of the State, have been placed in the hands of United States Marshal Youngworth and will be served next week. Meantime the various associations of which the defendants are members have taken steps to engage legal counsel with a view to fighting the suits in the court.
The walnut men say the best legal opinion is in support of their contention that the process which is made the basis of this proceeding cannot be construed as an infringement of any patent held by the San Jose concern. The view that seems to be generally taken of the suits is that an attempt is being made to frighten the growers into giving up their process and paying a royalty for the one controlled by the Anderson-Barngrower company. This royalty, it is said, amounts to $2 a ton, and is exclusive of the materials used for bleaching. The process now being used is so much cheaper, and besides is declared to be much more effective, and as a result the associations that are using it are not disposed to give up their rights without a struggle.
The bleaching process claimed to be an infringement of the patent held by the San Jose company was prepared by Prof. L. J. Stabler of the University of Southern California, about a year ago, at the request of several of the large walnut growers. This process has been used by ten associations, besides several individual growers, and the degree of its popularity may be inferred on another important fact bringing the suits class patents on the use of chlorinated by any process declared that it can easily that chlorine has been purpose for at least thirty contended that if the A grower company holds merely on chlorine make its own mixture.
The Stabler method walnuts has not been professor was merely end growers' associations formula which should chl of bleaching the nuts, and could be used by all The fact that 80 per cent walnut crop was bleaching process indicates that the holders of the patented reduced considerably, and new method is highly su
The suits which have therefore, are of interest walnut grower in the stated, every step taken by the plaintiff company by the big growers' association
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