anaheim-gazette 1907-06-13

CAUSES OF FRUIT DECAY Summary of Principal Points in Investigation of Decay in California Oranges in Packing Houses and During Shipment G. Harold Powell, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, who is stationed at Riverside for the purpose of making investigations into causes of the decay of oranges, has favored us with the following report of his investigations during the past year: Riverside, Cal., June 7, 1907. An investigation has been made of the decay in unbrushed and in brushed fruit free from visible mechanical injuries, in apparently sound fruit washed in clean water, in fruit washed in dirty water infected with blue mold spores, and in fruit with each orange injured by the clippers, by a stem puncture or by some other type of visible abrasion. This fruit has been held packed two weeks in the packing houses and has not been shipped. This line of work has extended over a period of three months and has been carried on in about thirty packing houses in the principal parts of the citrus belt of Southern California. An average of the data gives the following general result: DECAY OF FRUIT IN PACKING HOUSE TESTS. Sound fruit, unbrushed... 2.5 per ct Sound fruit, brushed... 6.2 " Sound fruit, washed in clean water... 4.0 " Sound fruit, washed in dirty water... 17.8 " Mechanically injured fruit... 37.4 " in the shipment. The cause of the result of the shipment out in the following reebles: DECAY IN FRUIT SHIPPED TILATION, FEBRUARY Approx. delay in shipping— 1 day 3 days Brushed, ap. sound. 1.4 pc 2.0 pc Washed," " 1.7 pc 3.0 pc Commercially pkd 2.1 pc 4.0 pc Mechanically injd 9.4 pc 15.0 pc Average.....3.0 " 6.4 These shipments were sections in which the degree severe, in cool, variable of the fruit leaving California perature below 55 degrees least decay occurs in brushed fruit, the company develop more, as it can less injured fruit, and amount develops in the ranges. In another direct decay is proportional to time elapsing between the shipping of the fruit. A second group of ship ventilation is given in a The data represent the pack of a company in whaling of the orange from the packing box is done with There is not often more cent of injury in this fruit. Decay in fruit handled shipped under ventilation May: Approx. delay in shipping— 1 day 3 days February 26... 0.7 pc 0.8 pc March 19... 1.8 pc 1.7 pc April 1... 1.0 pc 2.0 pc April 19... 0.8 pc 1.4 pc May 1... 2.0 pc 1.7 pc Average.....1.3 " 1.5 Dates indicate date of first shipment about thirty packing houses in the principal parts of the citrus belt of Southern California. An average of the data gives the following general result: DECAY OF FRUIT IN PACKING HOUSE TESTS. Sound fruit, unbrushed... 2.5 per ct Sound fruit, brushed... 6.2 " Sound fruit, washed in clean water. 4.0 " Sound fruit, washed in dirty water...17.8 " Mechanically injured fruit... 37.4 " DECAY OF FRUIT OF DIFFERENT REGIONS. A leading object of these experiments has been to determine the comparative susceptibility to decay of oranges grown in different parts of the citrus belt of Southern California. A comparison of the data obtained in the coast region with that in the upper San Bernardine valley region, gives the following approximate result: Upper San Bernardino valley...30 5.0 4.7 36.0 Coast region...3.2 9.3 5.4 50.0 The first row of figures are for unbrushed, second for brushed, third washed in clean water, and the fourth mechanically injured. The foregoing data indicate that the fruit which is handled the least develops the least decay. An orange with an unbroken skin in healthy condition and not overripe is practically immune to decay. The rot usually finds its way into the fruit through an abrasion or some other type of weakness in the skin. In commercial practice the fruit varies from sound to 50 per cent or more injured when it is packed, the injuries resulting from clipper cuts, stem, gravel and insect punctures, scratches and other types of abrasion caused by carelessness in handling the fruit in the groves and in the packing houses. Brushing the fruit probably increases the decay by inoculating injuries already present in the skin, or by actual injury when the brush is severe in type or is improperly regulated. Washing the fruit in clear water is not particularly injurious, but in commercial practice the water becomes infected with the spores of the decay which are carried into injured or weakened spots under conditions that are favorable to the vigorous development of rot. The greatest amount of decay develops in the mechanically injured oranges. INVESTIGATION OF DECAY IN FRUIT DURING SHIPMENT. In the shipping investigations about INVESTIGATION OF DECAY IN FRUIT DURING SHIPMENT. In the shipping investigations about two hundred shipments of fruit have been sent to New York under ventilation, icing, and precooling followed by standard icing, the fruit going forward at different lengths of time after packing. Most of the shipments have included duplicate lots of apparently sound brushed or unbrushed fruit, sound washed, the regular commercially-packed fruit and oranges showing visible mechanical injury. The different lots have been packed from the bins from which the commercial lots are taken by careful sorting into the types mentioned. The decay has been determined on arrival in New York by the inspection of every orange included Consumption is less deadly than it used to be. Certain relief and usually complete recovery will result from the following treatment: Hope, rest, fresh air, and—Scott's Emulsion. ALL DRUGGISTS: 50c. AND $1.00. Making Light of a Heavy Washer This highly improved HORTON Wash off your back and shoulders. While you stooping—the HORTON high-speed gear suds through and through the clothes un quickly. You will never realize how easy you might be until you have examined the washer. You will be surprised to find that slowly you turn the handle the world the washer is going at high speed and putting behind it almost as fast as you run the cloth the wringer. Will you investigate this for yourself into a good hardware or general store and a HORTON Galvanized Steel Rotary Wash This is the washer with the GALVANIZED tub. shrink, and keeps itself sweet and clean, because it does. This tub is very light, and stronger than a wooden on ing a screw the wheel is quickly removed, and the who as handy to carry as an ordinary tub. HORTON MFG. CO., Ft. Wayne Delay in cooling after packing— 1 day 2 days 5 days Av.. Brushed, ap. sound 0.1 pc 2.3 pc 3.4 pc 1.9 pc Washed, ap. sound 0.9 pc 2.3 pc 5.5 pc 2.9 pc Commercially pkd 2.3 pc 6.2 pc 9.1 pc 5.9 pc Mechanically injd 3.0 pc 9.2 pc 13.9 pc 8.7 pc Average.....16 5.0 8.0 The decay in the fruit under pre-cooling is less than in the fruit under ventilation or losing with the least loss DECAY OF FRUIT UNDER ICING. The following table gives the amount decay in a group of shipments under including brushed, washed, commercially packed, and injured fruit. The shipments are from sections in the handling of the fruit is com-mitively rough, and where the decay commercial shipments is severe. Decay in fruit handled rather roughly shipped under icing, February to: - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay The following table gives the amount decay in a group of shipments under containing brushed, commercially packed, and injured fruit. These shipments are from sections in which the aging of the fruit is carefully done. Decay in fruit handled carefully shipped under icing, March and: - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay - x, delay The least decay is in the fruit hand with the greatest care and is great the injured fruit. It is also pro-normal to the length of time elapsing when the picking and packing and shipping of the fruit. BY IN FRUIT SHIPPED UNDER PRE-COOLING. The precooling group the fruit has cooled to a temperature of 35 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit before shipment. The have been iced before loading and generally gone forward under icing. Precooling differs ordinary icing in having the fruit need to a low temperature before vent. The ice of the car then has Delay in cooling after packing—1 day 2 days 5 days Av.. Brushed, ap. sound 0.1 pc 2.3 pc 3.4 pc 1.9 pc Washed, ap. sound 0.9 pc 2.3 pc 5.5 pc 2.9 pc Commercially pckd 2.3 pc 6.2 pc 9.1 pc 5.9 pc Mechanically injd 3.0 pc 9.2 pc 13.9 pc 8.7 pc Average.....1.6 5.0 8.0 The decay in the fruit under pre-cooling is less than in the fruit under ventilation or icing with the least loss in the sound fruit and the greatest in the fruit that was mechanically injured. Beginning in April and extending to the present time another group of pre-cooled fruit has been shipped to New York with 549 to 584 boxes in each car, an increase of more than 40 per cent over the standard car of 384 boxes. The fruit has arrived in market in practically sound condition when cooled quickly after packing. The boxes are piled in the car 7 rows wide and 3 tiers high, the boxes on the upper tier being laid down. In the warmest weather the temperature of the fruit in the top tier has risen from 8 to 15 degrees, the middle from 6 to 10 degrees, and the bottom tier from 4 to 8 degrees. Even with the rise in temperature the average temperature of the fruit on arrival is usually lower than it is in a car under standard icing under the same conditions of weather in transit. Below Zero Stories A Bangor man in his effort to describe the coldest place in the world spoke of a shed that was "too cold to keep wood in," and this was the limit until this correspondence came in from Mount Desert concerning the weather down there last week. A fisherman of Otter Creek says a big codfish was so attracted by the warmth of a gasoline heater in his dory that it jumped into the boat and tried to wrap itself around the heater. It froze in a half circle. Jed Jerkins, of Trenton, went to the barn to water his stock. He fell and upset the pail. Before he could step out of the water his boots froze to the floor. He had to take off his boots to get away. Too Shrewd to be Treacherous The report that Secretary Cortel-you is a secret enemy of Secretary IN FRUIT SHIPPED UNDER PRECooling. The precooling group the fruit has cooled to a temperature of 35 to 40 degrees Fahr. before shipment. The have been iced before loading and generally gone forward under iceing. Precooling differs ordinary icing in having the fruit used to a low temperature before vent. The ice of the car then has to maintain the refrigeration in it. In regular icing, the ice of the car has to reduce the fruit to a low temperature and then maintain the temperature afterwards. The temper of the fruit may not fall below 20 degrees in warm weather unordinary icing in the entire transient trip. Under these conditions decay occurs during the early of the trip while the fruit is warm. Following table gives the result of cup of shipments from sections in the fruit generally decays badly which the handling of the fruit highly done. In fruit shipped under pre-cooling, March and April: Too Shrewd to be Treacherous The report that Secretary Cortel-you is a secret enemy of Secretary Taft's presidential aspirations is wide of the mark. The secretary of the treasury is entirely too shrewd a man for that, and while it is probable he has ultimate hopes of the presidency, he does not even think of the nomination at the coming convention. He is a close friend of President Roosevlt and such a thing as undermining Judge Taft would be treachery to his chief, which he would not commit for politic if not for ethical reasons. Secretary Cortel-you is a young man and has lots of time ahead of him for presidential aspirations, and if he eventually achieves them, which is not at all unlikely, it will be a pretty inspiring example for American boys. The rise from a department stenographer to president is certainly about as great as that "from the log cabin to the White House." Mr. and Mrs. Knight of Nebraska, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Thayer of Placentia, Harry Pervine and Miss Stella Wilson of Los Angeles, visited Mr. and Mrs. Pervine, east of town, on Sunday. The visit was in the nature of a family reunion in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Knight's visit. Right Fancy Washday HORTON Washer will take all the strain of washday holders. While you turn it slowly and easily--without high-speed gear does the work by forcing a hot blast of the clothes under a pressure that takes all the dirt out ze how easy your washday e examined this new-idea prised to find that no matter handle the working part of speed and putting washday you run the clothes through this for yourself? Just step general store and ask to see the HORTON Steel Rotary Washer ALVANIZED tub. It cannot leak or clean, because it does not absorb water. Better than a wooden one. By unfastenmoved, and the whole washer is then ub. O., Ft. Wayne, Ind. For Outing Suits Fancy Vests For Outing Suits Fancy Vests Negligee Shirts Panama Hats, Wash Ties SEE Yungbluth & Kroeger 127 Center St. Phones Home 1044 Main 294 If you are thinking of taking a trip east this summer, now is your time. Extremely low rates. Come in and see me. We are going to have a few excursions ourselves. We run our trains over many different routes and can give you your choice most any way you wish. East and Return About Half Rates July 3, 4, 5 Aug. 8, 9, 10, 19, 29, Sept. 11, 12, 13 Return limit 90 days, except that for tickets sold on June 6, 7, 8, limit will be October 15. Kansas City.....$60 00 Minneapolis.....$70 00 St. Joseph.....$60 00 Memphis.....$67 50 Omaha.....$60 00 St. Louis.....$67 50 St. Paul.....$70 00 New Orleans.....$67 50 Chicago.....$72 50 Boston.....$109 50 New York City.....$108 50 Philadelphia.....$107 50 and many other eastern points Jamestown Exposition $97.75 Sept. 11, 12, 13 Return limit 90 days, except that for tickets sold on June 6, 7, 8, limit will be October 15. Kansas City.....$60 00 St. Paul.....$70 00 Minneapolis.....$70 00 New Orleans.....$67 50 St. Joseph.....$60 00 Chicago.....$72 50 Memphis.....$67 50 Boston.....$109 50 Omaha.....$60 00 New York City.....$108 50 St. Louis.....$67 50 Philadelphia.....$107 50 and many other eastern points Jamestown Exposition $97.75 June 6, 7, 8; July 9, 10, 31 and later Saratoga, N. Y., Knight Tempfars, $90.90 July 1, 2, 3 Four Routes East Full information as to stopovers, etc., may be obtained at City ticket office J. M. PICKERING, Agent, Southern Pacific, Anaheim, Cal. Southern Pacific Going to Move We are going to move our stock to the new store, cor. center and Claudina street, where our building is now in course of erection. We will commence now to sell all crockery and glass-are at 10 per cent. Discount from Regular Prices A. NAGEL