anaheim-gazette 1906-11-15

RESISTANT VINEYARDS Grafting, Planting, Cultivation By Frederic T. Bioletti. There is no subject connected with grape-growing about which there is more general demand for information in California than that of the growing of resistant vines. Innumerable inquiries are received at the Experiment Station regarding methods of planting, grafting and cultivating phylloxera-resistant vineyards. Several bulletins on various phases of this subject have been published by the Station, but they are all somewhat out of date at this time, and the editions of most of them are exhausted. The two phases of the subject about which there seems to be most pressing need for information are the determination of the best varieties of resistant stocks for the various soils and climates of the state, and the best methods of starting and grafting a resistant vineyard. With regard to the first phase, the Station is carrying on tests in various localities and is gradually accumulating data which will make it possible to offer some definite recommendations at a future time. The questions of adaptation to local conditions and of affinity between stocks and scions of various varieties are complicated and difficult, and require much time and experimentation for their completely satisfactory solution. With regard to the second phase we have a great deal of valuable evidence drawn from the experience of growers during the last twenty years and from some of the chief causes of failure unsuccessful grafted vineyards are. 1. The use of a resistant variety which is unsuited to the soil and climate of the locality. Resistant vines are all derived from one of species of wild vines indigenous to United States east of the Rocky Mountains. All these species are more difficult to suit in the matter soil and climate than the European wild vine, Vitis vinifera, from which all our wine and raisin and most of table grapes are derived. This tion of adaptation to local condition only touched on here. 2. The use of an insufficiently resistant variety. Varieties of all greees of resistance exist, from absolute immunity to a degree of assistance so small as to be of little practical value. Some with a mediumgree of resistance, like the Lenoir, give fair to good results when grown under the most favorable conditions but fall more or less completely attacked by phylloxera under less oracle conditions. This question resistance is not discussed fully but all the varieties recommend have sufficient resistance under practically all conditions that exist in California grape-growing districts. 3. The use of unselected resistance Many of the first resistant vineyars started in California were planted with cuttings of wild Riparia vines collected in Nebraska and other native habitats of the species. Wild vines are never always seedlings and, therefore, very much. Each vine, though of same wild species, is in fact a different variety of the species (using the variety in the horticultural service). offer some definite recommendations at a future time. The questions of adaptation to local conditions and of affinity between stocks and scions of various varieties are complicated and difficult, and require much time and experimentation for their completely satisfactory solution. With regard to the second phase we have a great deal of valuable evidence drawn from the experience of growers during the last twenty years and from experiment work conducted by the Station. Though there is always room for improvement, we may say that the methods of our most progressive growers of resistant vineyards are perfectly successful in accomplishing the object in view. Unfortunately many growers are not so successful, and many of the resistant vineyards of the State are an eyesore and a source of loss to their owners. It is from such growers that originates the statement that resistant vineyards are a failure. Growers who have adopted proper methods of handling resistant vineyards are enthusiastic in their praise. It has been demonstrated here, as in Europe, that, as a rule, vineyards of vinifera vines grafted on resistant stock, when properly handled, produce larger crops of better grapes than vineyards of ungrafted vinifera. This bulletin is issued, therefore, with the object of describing what seem to us the best methods of procedure, especially as regards the mechanical details of grafting, planting and nursery work. Every Two Minutes Physicians tell us that all the blood in a healthy human body passes through the heart once in every two minutes. If this action becomes irregular the whole body suffers. Poor health follows poor blood; Scott's Emulsion makes the blood pure. One reason why 3. The use of unselected resistance Many of the first resistant vineyars started in California were planted with cuttings of wild Riparia vines collected in Nebraska and other native habitats of the species. Wild vines are never always seedlings and, therefore, very much. Each vine, though of same wild species, is in fact a different variety of the species (using the variety in the horticultural service). For this reason, wild vines differ greatly in many respects, and especially the important character of vigor. Though a few of them may be sufficiently vigorous to make good graft stock, many ol them are much too weak or slender, and none of them are likely to be as good as the best named varieties which have been selected from vast number of seedlings on account of their exceptional vigor and the position of the greatest number of characteristics which are desirable to a grafting stock. Most of the early resistant vineyards show great variation in the vigor and bearing of vines due to this use of wild cutting and none of them give as good results as they would have given if grafted a good selected variety of stock. The variation in vigor, bearing and longevity is often found in more modern vineyards, and is due to a mixing varieties by the nurseryman or grower of resistant cuttings. 4. Grafting the resistant vines will too old. A grafted vine to be a permanent success must have a perfect union. The younger the tissues, the more complete and lasting the union. Budding and grafting herbaceous canes produce unions which are practically perfect. If the scion and stock are each one year old, as in cutting grafting the union is nearly always as perfect and permanent. No wood older than one year is ever used as a scion, but the stock is often grafted when much older. If the stock is more than one year old many varieties fail to grow good unions, and if three or four years old a large number of the grafted vines will fail after they have produced few crops. Some of the best resistant stocks fail almost completely if grafted when several years old, and though they bear well and appear strong for few years they soon begin to fail, Physicians tell us that all the blood in a healthy human body passes through the heart once in every two minutes. If this action becomes irregular the whole body suffers. Poor health follows poor blood; Scott's Emulsion makes the blood pure. One reason why SCOTT'S EMULSION is such a great aid is because it passes so quickly into the blood. It is partly digested before it enters the stomach; a double advantage in this. Less work for the stomach; quicker and more direct benefits. To get the greatest amount of good with the least possible effort is the desire of everyone in poor health. Scott's Emulsion does just that. A change for the better takes place even before you expect it. We will send you a sample free. Be sure that this picture in the form of a label is on the wrapper of every bottle of Emulsion you buy. Scott & Bowne Chemists 409 Pearl St., N.Y. 50 cents and $t. 00. All druggists Some of the best resistant stocks fail almost completely if grafted when several years old, and though they bear well and appear strong for few years they soon begin to fail, every year after the first two or three crops a certain proportion of the vines fail and the tops die. A vine yard may linger in this way eight or ten years, until finally five to 75 per cent of the vines are dead. This is one of the strongest objections to field grafting. 5. Planting or grafting too deep. The result of this is that the scion form their own roots and finally come independent of the resistant stock, which dies. Such vines are course, non-resistants and just quickly killed by phylloxera as grown in the first place from vinifera cuttings. Some vine-growers, of low experience with vinifera vines but unfamiliar with resistance do not believe that this death of the resistant stock will take place under the conditions described. They state that it is an advantage for the scion have its own roots as well as those of the resistant. They argue that there is little or no phylloxera present the vines will do better with two sets of roots than with one, and that, when the phylloxera increases to dangerous proportions and destroys the vinifera roots, the resistant roots are there to save the vine. This theory is based on the false assumption that the roots are the main or only, feeding organs of a plant, and overlooks the fact that the roots require the materials furnished by leaves quite as much as the leaves r chief causes of failure in crafted vineyards are: of a resistant variety limited to the soil and climate. Resistant varieived from one of several vines indigenous to the east of the Rocky Mountese species are much too suit in the matters of late than the European vinifera, from which raisin and most of our are derived. This question to local conditions is here. of an insufficiently resistance exist, from almost unity to a degree of reall as to be of little pracome with a medium dece, like the Lenoir, will good results when grown at favorable conditions, or less completely when phylloxera under less favors. This question of not discussed fully here, varieties recommended resistance under practions that exist in Callirowing districts. of unselected resistants. First resistant vineyards cornia were planted with Riparia vines collected and other native habitats. Wild vines are nearly and, therefore, vary each vine, though of the species, is in fact a different species (using the word horticultural sense.) require those furnished by the roots. For both to be vigorous, therefore, there must be a mutual exchange of food matters. This exchange takes place through the medium of the tubes and cells of the wood and bast of the stem of the vine. The soil nutrients pass with the sap, principally through the younger wood, from the roots to the leaves. In the leaves these materials are combined with gases absorbed from the air and are elaborated into the real food of the vine which passes back, principally through the bast or region exterior to the wood, into all parts of the plant, to supply the material necessary for growth and other various vital functions. In ungrafted vines this exchange takes place readily and all the branches and all the roots are well nourished. In grafted vines, owing to the fact that the stock and scion are of different species and therefore of different structure and composition, there is some interference with the exchange, resulting in a slight weakening of the whole vine. This weakening, under proper conditions, is so slight that it does not detract from the usefulness of the vine, and, in fact, like many other slightly weakening causes, it usually has the effect of producing an increased tendency to fruitfulness If, however, the scion is allowed to make its own roots, the return stream of nutritive material takes the course of least resistance and goes principally into the scion roots. The result is that these grow vigorously, so long as the phylloxera is absent, and the roots of the resistant stock are starved and finally die. This is not mere theory, but is substantiated by the numerous cases where dying Pitkin's Guaranteed for five painting barns, roofs, gallon and 1 gallon can Nearly forty years paint and thousands that there are no more material than those made One gallon of our feet two coats, on ordinary rough wood work, less L. E Fresh Stock of Ball Mason Fruit Jars Extra Tops for Economy Ball Mason Jars Pints, 65c; Qt s, 75; ½ A. Finest of Wines, Liquors and Cigars of unselected resistants. First resistant vineyards in Cornia were planted with Riparia vines collected and other native habitats. Wild vines are nearly rare and, therefore, vary much vine, though of the species is in fact a different species (using the word horticultural sense.) Wild vines differ greatly, and especially in character of vigor. Of them may be sufficient to make good grafting them are much too weak none of them are likely the best named variety been selected from a seedlings on account of its vigor and the possesses the greatest number of those which are desirable in most of the earlier vines show great variability and bearing of the use of wild cuttings, then give as good results have given if grafted on variety of stock. This favor, bearing and long-lived in more modern uses due to a mixing of the nurseryman or the cuttings. The resistant vines when used vine to be a perma-tate have a perfect union. In tissues, the more com-mon the union. Budding abaceous canes produce practically perfect stock are each only in cutting grafting, early always as perfect No wood older than used as a scion, but grafted when much stock is more than one varieties fail to give if three or four years older of the grafted vines they have produced are of the best resistant completely if grafted years old, and though appear strong for a soon begin to fail, and effect of producing an increased tendency to fruitfulness If, however, the scion is allowed to make its own roots, the return stream of nutritive material takes the course of least resistance and goes principally into the scion roots. The result is that these grow vigorously, so long as the phylloxera is absent, and the roots of the resistant stock are starved and finally die. This is not mere theory, but is substantiated by the numerous cases where dying resistant vineyards have been examined and this condition found. This condition is particularly common with field-grafted vines. There are several ways in which the union between resistant stock and bearing scion can be brought about: (1) The scion cuttings may be grafted on the resistant cuttings or on resistant roots in the workshop before planting in the nursery. This is called "bench grafting." (2) The resistant cuttings may first be rooted in the nursery and then the next year grafted in place without removal. This is called "nursery grafting." (3) The resistant cuttings or roots may be planted directly in the vineyard and then the next year or some subsequent year they may be grafted. This is called "field grafting," "vineyard grafting," or "grafting in situ." Each method has its advocates and its uses, but the method of most general application and that which has given the most general satisfaction is the first. The last method is practiced with success only where the conditions are exceptionally favorable, and even there is gradually being rejected in favor of the first by nearly every grower who has tried both methods. The reasons for this will be discussed after the various methods have been described. THE NURSERY Choice and Preparation of the Soil.—The high cost of grafted vines is due partly to the skill and labor necessary in producing them, but, also, in a great degree, to a large number of grafts which fail to grow or to make a satisfactory union in the nursery. If we allow $10 per thousand for the cuttings used as stock and scion, and $15 per thousand for making and growing the grafts, they could be raised profitably for $35 per thousand if grown one the soil is of more importance to chemical composition. The soil not be poor, but it is, on the band, not desirable that it should too rich. Grafts which grow large in the nursery do not make best vines in the vineyard large grafts often die the first after they are planted out. Dwarfed grafts are a year behind which are well grown, and never make profitable vines. All of medium size, with good rootsfect union, and a growth of from 18 inches, is the best. Food for Thought at Rivers From Deacon Clarke's Press. We shall only have eight deli-nes in the next State convention insti- tute twelve which we had this Orange county will have ten and insures our neighbor a clear lea-s us in the joint senatorial conven- ture. The returns certainly furnisfi- for thought for politicians and seekers. THE DEVIL'S CODE. Legend of a Monk, Satan and a Night's Work. Stockholm's public library cont- wonderful work which is called Devil's Code" and which, in ad- to its extraordinary name, is said the biggest manuscript in the Every letter is most beautifully c- and the magnitude of the work THE DEVIL'S CODE Legend of a Monk, Satan and a Night's Work. Stockholm’s public library contains wonderful work which is called Devil’s Code” and which, in addition to its extraordinary name, is said the biggest manuscript in the world. Every letter is most beautifully written and the magnitude of the work great that it seems impossible for single monk to have done it. The story of the origin of the script, however, not only gives the work of one man, but also stems to be the work of a single nightstory runs as follows: “A poor monk had been condemned to death, but was told mocking his judges that if he was able to the whole ‘Code’ between darkness dawn he would be saved. Relying on the impossibility of the task, who sentenced him furnished him the original copy of the ‘Code,’ pen, ink and parchment, and left. ‘Death must have been as little in the middle ages as it is now, for monk, forgetting the hopelessness his task, commenced it. Before however, he saw that he could not his own life by such weak exertion, fearing a cruel and horrible fate he invoked the aid of the primal darkness, promising to surrender soul if he were assisted in the task. “The devil kindly obliged by appearing on the spot, accepted the concession and sat down to the work, and morning ‘The Devil’s Code’ was fled, the monk being found dead. Copying clerk from the infernal glons presumably fled away with poor man’s soul as soon as the wicked compact was finished.” — Pearl Weekly. LOOSE ALFALFA HAY FOR S At ranch of John Gustafson, on one-half miles south of Centralia s house. kin's Barn Paint guaranteed for five years. Especially adapted for barns, roofs, bridges, fences, etc. Put up in 5 and 1 gallon cans, full measure. early forty years experience in the art of making and thousands of tests, have proven conclusively there are no more durable paints made from any man those made from oxide of iron. A gallon of our Barn Paint will cover 200 square coats, on ordinary new wood work; on old or good work, less. ATL. E. MILLER'S in Stock of Mason Fruit Jars Fruit Jars, Rubbers, Sealing Wax and Caps. ops for Economy Jars. Mason Jars c; Qts, 75; ½ gal., $1 00. Good Jelly Glasses 30c. doz. A. NAGEL A. NAGEL More importance than its position. The soil should but it is, on the other desirable that it should be crafts which grow very nursery do not make the on the vineyard. Extra often die the first year are planted out. Small trees are a year behind those well grown, and probably profitable vines. A plant with good roots, perd a growth of from 15 to the best. Thought at Riverside Deacon Clarke's Press. Only have eight delegates state convention instead of which we had this year. They will have ten and that neighbor a clear lead over senatorial convention. Is certainly furnish food for politicians and office- DEVIL'S CODE. Monk, Satan and a Quick Night's Work. public library contains a work which is called "The" and which, in addition literary name, is said to be manuscript in the world. Is most beautifully drawn, attitude of the work is so Hot days are here. Now is the time to get ready to build that new house or repair the old one. And Here is the place to get the lumber, Doors, Windows, etc. Give us a trial and we will give you satisfaction. J. M. Griffith & Co. Los Angeles Street, near S. P. depot. HENRY M. ADAMS, - AGENT CENTER Market Carries a choice line of Fresh and Salt Meats KARL KLEMENT, Prop. Phone Main 123 Center Street, ANAHEIM CITY MARKET In New Odd Fellow's block The Best of Fresh Meats Constantly on Hand Hams, Bacon Sausage F. W. Fleischman DEVIL'S CODE. Monk, Satan and a Quick Night's Work. The public library contains a work which is called "The Monk" and which, in addition to its literary name, is said to be manuscript in the world. It is most beautifully drawn, attitude of the work is so seems impossible for any man, but also states it took of a single night. The follows: Monk had been condemned. He was told mockingly by a man not only gives it as one man, but also states it took of a single night. The follows: LUMBER Sash, Doors, Shingles Shakes, Lath, Cement Lime : : : : C. Ganahl Lumber Co CHAS. F. CRIM, Manager EAST CENTER ST., ANAHEIM O. LAGMAN Builder and a Graduated Architect Having 28 years experience in building constructions and thoroughly versed in designing Artistic Homes. Consult me before building and I will submit Plans, etc., of new ideas right up to date and save you money. RESIDENCE NO. 207 HERMINE STREET P. O. BOX 253 Your Dainty Underwear And Starched Pieces don't look as though they had been through a riot when they are returned from the Santa Ana Steam Laundry E. W. McCOLLUM ANAHEIM AGENT OUR WAGON CALLS