anaheim-gazette 1905-12-28

WALLOP BROOK The only place with Highest Quality and Lowest Price Go Together We have a complete Fresh Groceries, Fresh Vegetables, and can the best delivery se town. Call us up—Main GAS STOVES AND HEATERS A second carload of Gas Stoves and Water Hea arrived and the goods are on display at the Company's headquarters, at L. E. MILLER'S STO The stock consists of a complete line of stoves, and all necessary supplies. Gas is being connected these stoves, and intending purchasers may with new fuel, which is the cheapest in the market, by at Miller's. All connections will be made free of The public is respectfully invited to call and ins stock. Anaheim Gas Co. At L. E. Miller' CENTER new fuel, which is the cheapest in the market, by at Miller's. All connections will be made free of The public is respectfully invited to call and ins stock. Anaheim Gas Co. At L. E. Miller' CENTER MARKET Carries a choice line of Fresh and Salt Meats Phne Main 123 Center Street, ANAHEIM MARTIN & KLEME Palace Meat Market F. W. FLEISCHMAN, Prop. Beef, Mutton, Pork, Fresh and Salte Meats, Hams, Bacon, Sausage, Lar Prompt attention given to all orders. Telenhone Ma Anaheim Beer oh Tap Telephone THE PEERLESS A. FUHRBERG, Proprietor Fine Wines, Lic ANAHEIM, Cal and Cigars DRINK PRIME BEER DRINK PRIME BEER It makes you healthy. Keg and bottled Beer delivered to all parts of the city. XXXX UNION BREWING CO. Phone 30 BANNER WITH LESS WORK You can thoroughly clean your home and household utensils, including washing, at a cost of Ten cents a month. Send for free booklet THE J. K. ARMSBY COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO BRO'S. the only place where highest Quality and west Prices Go Together. have a complete line of Groceries, Fruits and tablets, and can give you fast delivery service in all us up—Main 126 HEATERS and Water Heaters has display at the GAS stores, at S STORE. line of stoves, heaters being connected with sensors may witness the market, by calling made free of charge. to call and inspect the L. E. Miller's Store. UNDERGROUND WATERS OF ORANGE COUNTY More Scientific Development Here Than In Any Other Part of Union. The United States geological survey has issued a report of Engineer W. C. Mendenhall upon the underground waters of Orange county. The report is one of the most valuable yet issued by the geological survey and shows that the science of water development has been and is being carried out more fully here than in any other part of the county. We quote from the report as follows: In California generally, irrigation engineering and water development are further advanced than in any other part of the Union, and in no other part of the state has the scientific study of water conservation, distribution and application been carried out so fully as in the valley region near Los Angeles. The lands are highly productive when water can be applied to them. The climate is semiarid, with a rainfall of from 10 to 20 inches in tillable areas, practically all of which is confined to the winter months. This is not sufficient to mature the more valuable crops, hence irrigation must be re-orted to and the waters interest of water users companies is constant. The Anaheim and quadrangles,* which, prise what is called in coastal plain region, is 35 miles long and 15 m extending from longitudinal 45 seconds to 118 degrees latitude 34 degrees to ocean. This area includes portion of Santa Ana lower canyon through mountains. The great San Joaquin hills and Santa Ana quadrangle, central part of the Puente, the Anaheim quadrangle these groups of hills lie end of the Southern Central plain, including a numerous peat lands of Orange and the perhaps equally agricultural lands about Orange and Anaheim lower, comparatively less important underground found. The artesian coastal plain, the large basin in Southern Cali an area of about 190 sq occupies the northwestern of the Santa Ana quad extends along the west; the southern half of the quadrangle. A broad ally artesian, but not flowing water, stretches southwestern corner of quadrangle. Within th lies within easy pumping carried out so fully as in the valley region near Los Angeles. The lands are highly productive when water can be applied to them. The climate is semiarid, with a rainfall of from 10 to 20 inches in tillable areas, practicably all of which is confined to the winter months. This is not sufficient to mature the more valuable crops, hence irrigation must be resorted to, and the extension of the areas of cultivation is dependent upon an increase in the water supply. The flowing waters from the mountain canyons were long ago appropriated, and the attention of irrigators and engineer during the last decade has been turned largely toward the development of the subterranean sources. As a preliminary step in the study of the amount, availability, distribution and proper use of underground waters, the majority of the wells within the region has been visited. Data has been collected concerning the size, depth, yield, and cost of the wells, and the temperature, purity and use of the waters. The present and past artesian areas, the irrigated lands, and the main canal systems have been mapped. Outside the artesian belts the ground-water level—the position of the surface of the plane of saturation—has also been determined as closely as possible. In short the object of the work has been to collect all information which will be of value in the further development of the water resources or which throws light on past development and its effects. It is planned, as the work continues, to examine carefully the general geologic conditions in the water-bearing areas, as the depth, form, storage capacity and origin of the subterranean reservoirs and the circulation of the waters within them are questions of geology. The extent to which these stored waters may safely be drawn upon depends upon their amount and the rate at which they are replenished. Some observations The coastal plain, of lowlands in these two form a part, extends from to the base of the Puente de la Santa Ana mountain, the Santa Monica mountains San Joaquin hills. It miles long and from 15 wide, and has an area mately 775 square miles erally a smooth plain widion along its inland edg200 to 300 feet, from whi gently to sea level at the Pedro hill rises well above and its general regularityrupted by a long low reextends from the vicinity to Huntington Beach. It is not continuous, as a work has been cut through it; the larger streams which lie on the coastal plain to the breaking it into a series of but aligned hills of different This broken ridge forms ward boundary of the coartesian basin. Within treated in this paper it is inconspicuous physical listing as the low, broad Huntington Beach, and similar feature north oand enveloping the base of Joaquin hills. The coastal plain is unceased succession of sand, gravel beds whose constituent were transported to the position by the Santa Ana briel and Los Angeles river haps in small part by the currents of the Pacific. logic conditions in the water-bearing areas, as the depth, form, storage capacity and origin of the subterranean reservoirs and the circulation of the waters within them are questions of geology. The extent to which these stored waters may safely be drawn upon depends upon their amount and the rate at which they are replenished. Some observations on the latter question have been made, and others more extended and systematic have been begun by the survey. By the valley of Southern California, withip which this work is undertaken, is meant that region extending 30 or 40 miles south of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains, and lying between the Pacific ocean and Cajon and San Gorgonio passes. It includes the greater part of the productive lands of the southern section of the state, and within it lie most of the prosperous settlements which have become famous for their beauty, fertility and healthfulness. In the preliminary work on the underground waters within this region the survey representatives have examined about 11,000 wells of all kinds, from those but a few feet in depth and used only for domestic supply or for stock, to bored wells 1200 feet deep and yielding in many cases copious flows of irrigation water. The amount of statistical data which has been thus assembled is large, and through the courtesy and *A quadrangle is the unit adopted by the United States Geological Survey for the topographic geologic atlas of the United States is a rectangular area 15 miles seconds, or 1 degree in exact way, bounded by parallels and dians, and having an area of seventh, one-quarter, or one eighth. The quadrangles disregard political boundaries, such as states, counties and townships each is given the name of so known place or feature within its. A sheet is the topograph one of the above areas. rest of water users and irrigation companies is constantly increasing. In the Anaheim and Santa Ana quadrangles,* which, together comprise what is called in this paper the central plain region, include an area miles long and 15 miles wide, extending from longitude 117 degrees, seconds to 118 degrees, and from latitude 34 degrees to the Pacific Ocean. This area includes the lower section of Santa Ana river below its upper canyon through the Santa Ana mountains. The greater part of the Joaquin hills are within the Ana Ana quadrangle, and the center part of the Puenta hills are in Anaheim quadrangle. Between these groups of hills lies the eastern portion of the Southern California coastline, including a part of the far-flung lands of Orange county, the perhaps equally well-known cultural lands about Santa Ana, Ridge and Anaheim. Under these conditions, comparatively level lands the important underground waters are all. The artesian basin of the central plain, the largest artesian basin in Southern California, with area of about 190 square miles, lies the northwestern portion of the Santa Ana quadrangle, and leads along the western edge of southern half of the Anaheim triangle. A broad zone, originates in but not now yielding water, stretches across the western corner of the Anaheim triangle. Within this zone water within easy pumping distance. quadrangle about Orange, Fullerton and Anaheim are many citrus groves, and deciduous fruits and walnuts are extensively cultivated. Further to the south, in the peat lands, celery is becoming a more and more important crop, and sugar beets, corn and alfalfa are extensively grown. The citrus groves require the regular application of water throughout the year, irrigation being constant, except when winter rains are sufficiently heavy to serve as a substitute. Practice is not uniform in the walnut groves, some growers maintaining that irrigation is not necessary. This may be true in moist lands, where the roots can reach the ground waters, but generally ranchers find it profitable to apply water during the summer season. Deciduous orchards, generally in the lower lands, are under irrigation, but in the vicinity of La Habra are a number of flourishing groves which receive only the rainfall. In preparing the peat lands for celery the soil is thoroughly flooded, and often water is turned on again once or twice before the crop is mature, but in the moister lands one or both of these later applications may be omitted. With sugar beets also, practice varies. Water is almost invariably used in preparing the land, and is often, but not always, applied during the growth of the crop. Corn, alfalfa, potatoes and peanuts are usually irrigated, while grapes and barley are sometimes watered during dry years, but these, with beans, are regarded as the principal dry the northwestern portion of the Santa Ana quadrangle, and lands along the western edge of southern half of the Anaheim trangle. A broad zone, originates, but not now yielding large water, stretches across the western corner of the Anaheim trangle. Within this zone water within easy pumping distance. COASTAL PLAN. A coastal plain, of which the lands in these two quadrangles is part, extends from the Pacific base of the Puente hills and Santa Ana mountains, and from Santa Monica mountains to the Poaquin hills. It is about 50 long and from 15 to 20 miles wide has an area of approximately 775 square miles. It is gently smooth plain with an elevation its inland edge of from 300 feet, from which it slopes to sea level at the coast. San Hill rises well above it, and it, in general regularity is interrupted by a long low ridge which runs from the vicinity of Palms Bentington Beach. This ridge continuous, as a wide valley can cut through it by each of larger streams which flow across coastal plain to the sea, thus giving it into a series of detached signed hills of different heights. Broken ridge forms the seawater boundary of the coastal plain basin. Within the area in this paper it is a rather numerous physical feature, excludes the low, broad mesa about Bentington Beach, and perhaps as similar feature north of Newport developing the base of the San Hills. Coastal plain is underlain by erosion of sand, gravel and clay whose constituent materials transported to their present location by the Santa Ana, San Gail Los Angeles rivers and perennial part by the waves and of the Pacific. both of these later applications may be omitted. With sugar beets also, practice varies. Water is almost invariably used in preparing the land, and is often, but not always, applied during the growth of the crop. Corn, alfalfa, potatoes and peanuts are usually irrigated, while grapes and barley are sometimes watered during dry years, but these, with beans, are regarded as the principal dry crops. On many of the lands which lie under the Santa Ana valley or Anaheim canal systems, as well as on those watered from pumping plants, a certain amount of rotation is practiced, and lands which are irrigated one year may stand dry during another or may be planted to a crop requiring much more or much less water than the one grown during the preceding season. This is possible only with the annuals, of course. Grapes or other crops requiring more than one year to mature, can not be rotated in this way. These variations in crops and irrigation practice make it difficult to estimate the duty of water per acre of irrigated land. Citrus lands are regarded as requiring an equivalent of approximately one miner's inch* continuous flow for each five acres. Other crops require less, some of them very much less. The total area irrigated during the season of 1904 in the Anaheim quadrangle is estimated at 28,000 acres, and in the Santa Ana quadrangle at 6600 acres, a total of 35,400 acres. In this estimate of the total acreage irrigated, those areas upon which water is applied in the manner known as subirrigation are not included. Subirrigation consists essentially in releasing the water on the surface or in ditches which are widely separated, whence it seeps laterally for long distances through the fine sandy subsoil which is under much of the peat lands. The method is applicable only where the water table lies near the surface. It amounts Coastal plain is underlain by vision of sand, gravel and clay constituent materials transported to their present by the Santa Ana, San Gaild Los Angeles rivers and persmall part by the waves and of the Pacific. plain represents a former which was gradually filled debris that has been reced, in part at least, by waters as beach sands and Convincing evidence of this distribution is furnished by marine shells which are found in deep and shallow on the present surface some from the shore line. CROPS. the area under considerations and soils are varied, as is true throughout the coastland and irrigation practice is uniform. In the Anaheim trangle is the unit of survey by the United States Geologicy for the topographic and atlas of the United States. It angular area 15 minutes. 30 or 1 degree in extent each divided by parallels and meridians having an area of one-sixte-quarter, or one square degree quadrangles disregard poundaries, such as those of counties and townships. To ennounce the name of some wellce or feature within its limet is the topographic map of above areas: water is applied in the manner known as subirrigation are not included. Subirrigation consists essentially in releasing the water on the surface or in ditches which are widely separated, whence it seeps laterally for long distances through the fine sandy subsoil which is under much of the peat lands. The method is applicable only where the water table lies near the surface. It amounts in effect to raising this water table locally, so that it may be reached by the roots of grasses, corn, beets and other plants with short root systems. It is not possible to map the areas irrigated in this way or to estimate their amount, because the boundaries are wholly indefinite and the lands thus watered are often inseparable from those which are naturally moist enough to mature crops. This method is applied more generally to pasture lands than to cultivated areas. IRRIGATION SYSTEMS. Three streams supply surface irrigating waters for the Santa Ana and Anaheim quadrangles. These are San Gabriel river, from which water is brought to a territory east of Whittier, in the La Habra district; Santa Ana river, in which the important Anaheim Union and Santa *Whenever the term, "miner's inch" is used the old California miner's inch is meant. This unit is the amount of water that flows through a 1 inch orifice under 4 inches pressure. It is equal to 9 gallons a minute, one-fiftieth of a second-foot, or 14.478 acre-feet a year. (Continued on page 7).