anaheim-gazette 1905-06-22

ORIGIN OF PROPERTY THE WAY MANKIND ACQUIRED THE SCIENCE OF THRIFT. In the Beginning All Things Were In Common, and Movables of Every Kind Became Sooner Appropriated Than the Permanent Soil. In the beginning of the world, we are informed by holy writ, the all bountiful Creator gave to man "dominion over all the earth and over the fishes of the sea and over the fowl of the air and over every living thing that moved upon the earth." This is the only true and solid foundation of man's dominion over external things, whatever airy, metaphysical notions may have been started by fanciful writers on this subject. The earth, therefore, and all things therein are the general property of mankind, exclusive of other beings, from the immediate gift of the Creator. And while the earth continued bare of inhabitants it is reasonable to suppose that all was in common among them and that every one took from the public stock to his own use such things as his immediate necessities required. These general notions of property were then sufficient to answer all purposes of human life and might perhaps still have answered them had it been possible for mankind to have remained in a state of primeval simplicity, in which "all things were common to him." Not that this communion of goods seems ever to have been applicable even in the earliest stages to aught but the substance of the thing, nor could it be extended to the use of it, for by the law of nature and reason he who first began to use it acquired therein a kind of transient property that lasted so long as he was using it and no longer, or, to speak with great- possible for mankind to have remained in a state of primeval simplicity, in which "all things were common to him." Not that this communion of goods seems ever to have been applicable even in the earliest stages to aught but the substance of the thing, nor could it be extended to the use of it, for by the law of nature and reason he who first began to use it acquired therein a kind of transient property that lasted so long as he was using it and no longer, or, to speak with greater precision, the right of possession continued for the same time, only that the act of possession lasted. Thus the ground was in common, and no part of it was the property of any man in particular, yet whoever was in the occupation of any determined spot of it for rest, for shade or the like acquired for the time a sort of ownership, from which it would have been unjust and contrary to the law of nature to have driven him by force, but the instant he quitted the use or occupation of it another might seize it without injustice. Thus, also, a vine or a tree might be said to be in common, as all men were equally entitled to its produce, and yet any private individual might gain the sole property of the fruit which he had gathered for his own repast—a doctrine well illustrated by Cicero, who compares the world to a great theater which is common to the public, and yet the place which any man has taken is for the time his own. But when mankind increased in number, craft and ambition it became necessary to entertain conceptions of a more permanent dominion and to appropriate to individuals not the immediate use only, but the very substance of the thing to be used. Otherwise innumerable tumults must have arisen and the good order of the world been continually broken and disturbed, while a variety of persons were striving who should get the first occupation of the same thing or disputing which of them had actually gained it. As human life grew more and more refined many conveniences were devised to render it more easy, commodious and agreeable, as habitations for shelter and safety and raiment for warmth and decency. But no man would be at the trouble to provide either so long as he had only an usufructuary property in them, which was to cease the instant that he quitted possession; if as soon as he walked out of his tent or pulled off his garment the next stranger who came by would have a right to inhabit the one and to wear the other. In the case of habitats in particular it was natural to observe that even as habitations for shelter and safety and raiment for warmth and decency. But no man would be at the trouble to provide either so long as he had only an usufructuary property in them, which was to cease the instant that he quitted possession; if as soon as he walked out of his tent or pulled off his garment the next stranger who came by would have a right to inhabit the one and to wear the other. In the case of habitations in particular it was natural to observe that even the brute creation, to whom everything else was in common, maintained a kind of permanent property in their dwellings, especially for the protection of their young; that the birds of the air had nests and the beasts of the fields had caverns, the invasion of which they esteemed a very flagrant injustice and in the preservation of which they would sacrifice their lives; hence a property was soon established in every man's house and homestead, which seems to have been originally temporary huts or movable cabins suited to BANNER LYE WITH LESS WORK You can thoroughly clean your home and household utensils, including washing, at a cost of Ten cents a month. Send for free booklet THE J. K. ARMSBY COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO Horseshoe Paint Press Ordinary Paint By Pure White Lead, Linseed Oil pine Dryer necessary to make of lead and oil paint will cost $1.75 and each gallon will not than 200 square feet two coats. The cost per gallon ($1.75) by the surface each gallon will cover and the result proves that lead costs you over 87 cents per 100 of painted surface. Of ordinary adulterated readywill not cover more than feet two coats because 'the stand its spreading capacity. The cost per gallon ($1.50) by the surface each gallon will cover and the result proves that ordinixed paint costs you 75 cents per of painted surface. Horseshoe Brand Painted Paint To 350 square feet two coats zinc (combined with lead) or cent more oil than lead and to adulteration in it this paint farther. The cost per gallon ($1.75) by the surface this gallon will cover (say .) and the result proves that and Prepared Paint costs you per 100 square feet of painted prepared to 87 cents for lead and for cheap ready-mixed paint. Words — if you use Horseshoe ed Paint instead of lead and in first cost alone, more than every dollar's worth of paint you Use Horseshoe Brand Paint intry ready-mixed paint you save, one, just 22 cents on every dolpaint you buy. Paint you know is absobecause it's the only paint with mists' Certificate of Absolute city on every can. ucts or the earth sought for a more solid refreshment in the flesh of beasts, which they obtained by hunting. But the frequent disappointments incident to that method of provision induced them to gather together such animals as were of a more tame and sequacious nature and to establish a more permanent property in their flocks and herds In order to sustain themselves in a less precarious manner partly by the milk of the dams and partly by the flesh of the young. The support of these their cattle made the article of water also a very important point. And therefore the book of Genesis, the most venerable monument of antiquity, will furnish us with frequent instances of violent contentions concerning wells, the exclusive property of which appears to have been established in the first digger or occupant even in places where the ground and herbage remained yet in common. Thus we find Abraham, who was but a sojourner, asserting his right to a well in the country of Abimelech and exacting an oath for security "because he had digged that well." And Isaac about ninety years afterward reclaimed this his father's property and after much contention with the Philistines was suffered to enjoy it in peace. All this while the soil and pasture of the earth remained still in common as before and open to every occupant except perhaps in the neighborhood of towns, where the necessity of a sole and exclusive property in lands (for the sake of agriculture) was earlier felt and therefore more readily complied with. Otherwise when the multitude of men and cattle had consumed every convenience on one spot of ground it was deemed a natural right to seize upon and occupy such other lands as would more easily supply their necessities. We have a striking example of this in the history of Abraham and his nephew Lot. When their joint sub- and exclusive property in lands (for the sake of agriculture) was earlier felt and, therefore more readily complied with. Otherwise when the multitude of men and cattle had consumed every convenience on one spot of ground it was deemed a natural right to seize upon and occupy such other lands as would more easily supply their necessities. We have a striking example of this in the history of Abraham and his nephew Lot. When their joint substance became so great that pasture and other conveniences grew scarce the natural consequence was that a strife arose between their servants, so that it was no longer practicable to dwell together. This contention Abraham thus endeavored to compose: "Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee. Is not the whole land before thee? Separate thyself, I pray thee, from me. If thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right, or if thou depart to the right hand, then I will go to the left." This plainly implies an acknowledged right in either to occupy whatever ground he pleased that was not preoccupied by other tribes. "And Lot lifted up his eyes and beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere, ever as the garden of the Lord. Then Lot chose him all the plain of Jordan and journeyed east, and Abraham dwelt in the land of Canaan." As the world grew by degrees more populous it daily became more difficult to find out new spots to inhabit without encroaching upon former occupants, and by constantly occupying the same individual spot the fruits of the earth were consumed and its spontaneous products destroyed without any provision for future supply or succession. It therefore became necessary to pursue some regular method of providing a constant subsistence, and this necessity produced or at least promoted and encouraged the art of agriculture. And the art of agriculture, by a regular connection and consequence, introduced and established the idea of a more permanent property in the soil than had hitherto been received and adopted. It was clear that the earth would not produce her fruits in sufficient quantities without the assistance of tillage, but who would be at the pains of tilling it if another might watch an opportunity to seize upon and enjoy the product of his industry, art and labor? Had not therefore a separate property in lands as well as movables been vested in some individuals the world must have continued a forest and men have Anaheim Beer on Tap THE A. FU ANAHEIM, Cal. To Ambition If you are of an independent will be interested in the One year's training in the sim months, $55. The ed earn from $50 to $100 a mo or $720 a year, in three ye panion who has spent his The Woodbury gives two 1 Bookkeeping and Business Care Either course will fit you for a better one. It takes from nine months to a year. This school has unequalled We shall be pleased to have our business to help young alogue on request. 809 S. Hill St., Los Angeles Providence for more long the earth and to the of their owners before property in the soil or published. No doubt but that movakind became sooner apportantly because they were one of a long occupancy, continued for months but any sensible interlength by usage ripen ished right, but princiew of them could be fit oved and mellorated by of the occupant, which stowed upon any subcommon to all men is saved to give the fairest enable title to an exclurein. Food was a more imtherefore a more earl. Such as were not the spontaneous prod- It was clear that the earth would not produce her fruits in sufficient quantities without the assistance of tillage. but who would be at the pains of tilling it if another might watch an opportunity to seize upon and enjoy the product of his industry, art and labor? Had not therefore a separate property in lands as well as movables been vested in some individuals the world must have continued a forest and men have been mere animals of prey, whereas now (so graciously has Providence interwoven our duty and our happiness together) the result of this very necessity has been the ennobling of the human species by giving it opportunities of improving its rational as well as of exerting its natural faculties. Necessity begat property, and in order to insure that property recourse was had to civil society, which brought along with it a long train of inseparable concomitants—states, government, laws, punishments and the public exercise of religious duties. Thus connected together, it was found that a part only of society was sufficient to provide by their manual labor for the necessary subsistence of all, and leisure was given to others to cultivate the human mind, to invent useful arts and to lay the foundations of science.—From Blackstone. 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It takes about six months to complete one course nine months to a year to complete both. School has unequalled prestige and success in placing graduates shall be pleased to have you call at the college to see us. It is business to help young people to be successful. Illustrated cat-on request. WOODBURY Business College Mill St., Los Angeles E. K. ISAACS, Pres. WOODBURY Business College Mill St., Los Angeles E. K. ISAACS, Pres. In Chicago When you arrive in Chicago, on the Rock Island, the whole, great metropolis lies within easy reach. Your train lands you within a few steps, and on the level of the elevated lines—service to all parts of the city and to many suburbs. Only Depot on the Loop La Salle Street Station is the only one on the elevated loop. It is also located nearest the leading hotels and center of the business and shopping district. Where you will land is an item to consider in planning your trip to the East. The Rock Island folder shows a map of Chicago "down-town" section. Tickets, berths and full information from any Southern Pacific Agent or at this office. Island's Southern route to the East, via El Paso, has no equal from a climatic