anaheim-gazette 1900-03-22

Anaheim VOLUME XXX. DR. IDA MENGES BOYD. DENTIST Metz building, Anaheim. feb24 DR. F. H. HOUCK DENTIST. OFFICE NEXT DOOR to P. O. (Federman Block, up stairs.) HOURS 9 to 5 ANAHEIM CAL. jy16t S. G. WILSON, M. D. Office and Residence: Over H. A. Dickel's Store. CENTER ST., Anaheim. Paul A. Derge. Graduate in Pharmacy. DRUGS, MEDICINES, Perfumes and Toilet Articles. BEST 5-CENT CIGAR IN TOWN MEDICAL HALL, KOLL BLOCK. PUBLIC TELEPHONE OFFICE. Dr. A. W. Bickford OFFICE OPPOSITE POSTOFFICE. Telephone Central. Residence near Christian Church. PIANOS ***** IF YOU CONTEMPLATE THE chase of a Piano and want a remake at a moderate price you s not fail to look at our large and some stock of fine Pianos, whi offer to the music loving people Orange county at prices we de Los Angeles competitors to meet. Sold on Easy Payments. Old Instruments taken in ExchaOwing to our low rents we guarantee to undersell our competitor $25 to $50 on Every Piano. Patronize a home conceris here to make good its representations and you take no risk. We have on exhibition at Derge's drug store in Anaheim one popular Ricca pianos, one of the best pianos ever sold on the coast money. This is but one of a dozen different makes we carry in sto PYNE MUSIC CO. Cor. 5th and Main Sts., Santa Ana, Heart, Rheumatism, Kidney, Bladder and Diseases of a Specif Nature CURED by the use of this Balsa Simple in its application and certain of beneficial DOSE: One teaspoonful after each meal. DRUGS, MEDICINES, Perfumes and Toilet Articles. BEST 5-CENT CIGAR IN TOWN MEDICAL HALL, KOLL BUCK. PUBLIC TELEPHONE OFFICE. Dr. A. W. Bickford OFFICE OPPOSITE POSTOFFICE. Telephone Central. Residence near Christian Church. Telephone 671. ANAHEIM, CAL. G. S. EDDY, M. D. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. OFFICE—First door East of Boston Bakery. Residence—The Wilte residence on Center St. opposite Catholic Church. CALLS ANSWERED AT ALL HOURS. ANAHEIM, CAL. HERBERT JOHNSTON, M. D. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. Office and Residence: Los Angeles St., 3 doors south of Boyd's store. Telephone 650.... Office Hours 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. 3:30 p.m. to 5 p.m. 7 p.m. to 8 p.m., evenings. RICHARD MELROSE ATTORNEY-AT-LAW And Notary Public. Special attention given to Probate Matters. —Center Street, Anaheim. CHARLES BAUER Blacksmithing and Wagon-Making Center St., Anaheim. Having purchased the shop formerly conducted by H. A. Stough, I take this means of soliciting a share of the public patronage, guaranteeing all work performed by me. HORSESHOEING a SPECIALTY L. GUNTHER. PIONEER BOOT AND SHOE MAKER. Corner Adele and Los Angeles Sts. LITTLE GEM BARBER SHOP Frank Dyer, Prop. First-Class Tonsorial Artists. Shop 1 door east of McCollum's cycleery. We keep constantly on hand the best of hair Restorer, Dandruff Cures, and other articles found in a well-appointed barber shops. A share of the public patronage solicited PYNE MUSIC CO. Cor. 5th and Main Sts., . . Santa Ana, Heart, Siberian Balsam, Rheumatism, Kidney, Bladder and Diseases of a Specif Nature CURED by the use of this Balsam. Simple in its application and certain of beneficial DOSE: One teaspoonful after each meal. This medicine is not for sale in the general market, and can only be had by addressing ALEX DE BORN ELSINORE, CA CONSULTATION, by letter or in person, F Anaheim Bakery PETER SYRE, PROPRIETOR. FRESH BREAD CAKES & P CONFECTIONERY, ETC. Wedding Cakes a Specialty. Los Angeles and Cyprus ONLY FIRST-CLASS RESTAURANT! —IN TOWN— In Connection with Boston Bakery. S. KISTLER, PROPRIETOR. A. FREISE, KEEPS THE FINEST OF... Wines, Liquors And Cigars. LOS ANGELES BEER ON DRAUGHT. Koll Block, Los Angeles Street. JOSEPH BACKS, Undertaker and Embalmer DEALER IN Furniture and Bedding Repairing Done. N. HART'S PLACE. SCHLITZ The Weekly Gazette Established 1st SUBSCRIPTION, - $1.50 Six months....Three months....Payable invariably in advance. Transient advertising rates, $ per month. The GAZETTE is issued every morning. Entered at the Anaheim Post Office-class matter. RAILWAY TIME TA Time of Arrival and Depot Trains. SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY Trains on the Southern Pacific heim as follows: To Los Angeles. Daily.....7:52 am Daily.....4:23 pm Pass Loaar Station: To Los Angeles. Daily.....7:56 am Daily.....4:27 pm Los ALAMITOS TRAINS: Leave for— 9:49 a.m. 6:03 p.m. Alamitos trains do not run on S NEWPORT BEACH RAILWAY Daily Schedule. Leave Anaheim. 9:49 a.m. 6:03 p.m. All trains connect at Santa Ana port trains. SANTA FE ROUTE. Local time table. In effect No Trains on the Santa Fe route heim as follows for points named Los Angeles—7:56 am; *10:02 am; 4:54 pm. Pasadena, San Bernardino and Riverside—9:41 am; *10:47 am; 5:50 pm. San Diego—9:41 am; 2:50 pm. Santa Ana—9:41 am; 2:50 pm. Redlands—9:41 am; *10:47 am. San Jacinto, Temecula and LITTLE GEM BARBER SHOP Frank Dyer, Prop. First-Class Tonsorial Artists. Shop 1 door east of McCollum's cyclery. We keep constantly on hand the best of hair Restorer, Dandruff Cures, and other articles found in a well-appointed barber shops. A share of the public patronage solicited GO TO THE Oak Barber Shop FOR A FIRST-CLASS SHAVE OR HAIR CUT. TWO DOORS WEST OF BANK. HUSMANN BROS. Shanley & Nebelung REAL ESTATE For Sale and Exchange. Houses Rented, Collections Made and Taxes attended to. F. A. Yungbluth Merchant Tailor FALL and WINTER GOODS of the latest and finest patterns at prices that defy competition. Fine workmanship. Try us. Los Angeles St., 3 doors north of Center St. CLASSEN PROPERTY FOR SALE. This property, being 115 feet on Center Street, must be sold at once. Any reasonable offer will be accepted. Shanley & Nebelung JOSEPH BACKS, Undertaker and Embalmer DEALER IN Furniture and Bedding Repairing Done. je15 N. HART'S PLACE. SCHLITZ MILWAUKEE BEER ON DRAUGHT. ...DEALER IN... FINE LIQUORS! AND Choice Wines FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES, Fine Domestic and Imported Cigars. Headquarters for the famous Schlitz, Milwaukee, beer. F. BACKS, UNDERTAKER And Dealer in FURNITURE. Wall Paper, Cornices, Window Shades, Picture Frames, Upholstery Goods, Paints, Oils and Glass Sewing Machine Supplies, Etc. Cor. Los Angeles & Chartres Sts. GRAY BROTHERS & WARD Cement Contractors Shillinger - Patent. Contracts for RESERVOIRS, IRRIGATION DITCHES, Cellar and Stable Floors, Sidewalks Etc. OFFICES—No. 125 N. Broadway, Los Angeles Col. Telephone—236. No. 316 Montgomery St., San Francisco, Cal. Send your LACE CURTAINS to The Santa Ana Steam Laundry Every facility for doing the best work. E. W. McCollum, Agent, Anaheim ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA, THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 1900. VAN DYKE ON RESERVOIRS. Absolutely No Ground for the Belief that there are Large Underground Lakes and Streams. In the severest drought known in her history Southern California has made her greatest advance. And in this the greatest step has been the absolute proof of her independence of the tourist and the land buyer. We can now afford to proclaim from the housetop unpleasant truths that we once kept for sub-cellar confidence. It is really our duty to drag them into the full light of day and see how we can overcome them with the great resources at our command. Foremost among these is the fact that the reservoir system, as we understood it six years ago, is a dismal failure as a system on which to rely in the dry belts for valuable crops. Although there never was any reason to believe that our large reservoirs would fill every year, it was generally believed that they would, and the few who knew better were hooted at as pessimists or cranks. But the reservoir system as it should be is not a failure, though its success involves the recognition of two principles which have been long known to a few, and which will be disputed by none who investigate: First—To bring a reliable supply of water on land high enough above frost for the certain raising of good oranges and lemons costs a great deal of money. Second—That the combination, when well carried out, is well worth it. One great cause of trouble has been that the builders of reservoirs did not properly estimate the cost of water; or, if they did, that the land owners advantage of having it. You can generally afford the cost of excavation and buying more water to offset the loss. I do not mean that it would be wise to buy under such a canal, and fortunately we have almost none of the sort here. But if for any reason the water supply is in small continuous flow, you can afford to pay considerable to turn it into large effective heads. For city supply considerable expense can be endured to make a reservoir tight that would be too great for an irrigator. Many reservoirs leak because of weak foundations, and the leakage often increases that weakness. To make a foundation perfectly solid, with perfectly tight lining, makes a reservoir very costly. A thin lining of cement is almost certain to leak under any pressure, and quite certain to crack under any considerable pressure. If constantly filled with clear water it is apt to continue to leak, and will not puddle the fine openings or the ground beneath it. I cannot find a case in which a lining has been washed with crude petroleum until it becomes tight. But there is reason to believe that it will not injure the cement. The Cement company’s oil tank at Colton has held oil five years without injury, as far as I can learn, to the cement. Cement mixed with linseed oil makes a very tough and durable combination, free from any cracks that the eye can detect, and is used in Scotland for roofing. Whether it is a true set, or whether in the nature of putty, which is linseed oil and whiting, I do not know, but it is certain that the cement is not damaged by the oil. It would be worth white to try cement mixed with crude petroleum into a thin wash so that it would run, and lay it over the ordinary cement lining where there is much leakage. Or plain asphaltum FRUIT SOILS OF CALIFORNIA Choosing a Spot in Which to With Reference to Soil Exposure. The favoring characteristics California climates, which describe, find their fitting climate in the adaptation of the Californians to the perfect development bearing tree and vine. In derful variety and consequence of special adaptations to row limits of area, our soil semble our climates. As a sometimes find within the body an ordinary-sized farm suchence of atmospheric conditions same fruit will thrive in one not in another, so he may ences in soil which will tend to the same results. For this precise spot in which to plant fruit must be chosen with both soil and moisture. With true, it will also appear that of roots upon which to bud gives the planter a certain longevity. This is of value in the planting of home or orchards for local markets where the soil is not usually preferred for fruit. With proper choice of stock dom and diligence in cultivation need hardly despair of growing fruit on any soil which will laudable plant growth. A commercial orcharding, which is producing most fruit and cheaply, too great attention be paid to choice of special soils. It is an interesting fact complete and exact knowledge of the soils of California than State in the Union, and for But the reservoir system as it should be is not a failure, though its success involves the recognition of two principles which have been long known to a few, and which will be disputed by none who investigate: First—To bring a reliable supply of water on land high enough above frost for the certain raising of good oranges and lemons costs a great deal of money. Second—That the combination, when well carried out, is well worth it. One great cause of trouble has been that the builders of reservoirs did not properly estimate the cost of water; or, if they did, that the land owners thought they were trying to rob them because they themselves would not estimate the cost. The basis for doing it is very simple, and should be applied to reservoirs of every kind. As an inch of water runs in 24 hours 1728 cubic feet, or 64 cubic yards, to store a continuous inch for 200 days will take about 13,000 cubic yards of space back of the them. If the cost of this space is 1 cent a cubic yard, or about one-tenth the cost of ordinary excavation, the storage costs $130 an inch to start with. If the dam costs $5 a cubic yard, then at the rate of 1 cent a yard for space back of it for storage, one yard in the dam will only equal 500 yards of storage space. So that to have storage space for 13,000 yards of water at $130 an inch in place, you will need 26 cubic yards in the dam. If these conditions held out, you would have a dam containing 26,000 yards of masonry, at $5 a yard, costing $130,000, and holding 1000 inches of water, continuous flow, for 200 days. There are few basins in Southern California that will fulfill these conditions, and they are none too plenty in any country. And in this we have not allowed for evaporation, which will be about three feet for the irrigating season of 200 days. Seepage and loss in transit cannot be estimated, but generally that loss is trifling. This does not consider any of the other expenses of the reservoir or of the aqueduct or the maintenance of both. It is merely a basis from which to estimate the chief item of expense in reservoir systems. And upon this comes the fact, now proved, that we must carry ahead water for at least two seasons; and, for real safety, enough for two and a half or perhaps three, if there is much of a town dependent upon it. These are unpleasant facts, yet they are stubborn. But they by no means prove the reservoir system a failure. There are sections that can well afford to pay even on this basis, others where cheaper dams may be built, others where the reservoir may be merely supplementary to a stream that most of the year supplies enough water, while in other cases thorough winter irrigation with cultivation will make the draught on a reservoir in summer very light. Yet we must face the fact that good reservoir sites are rare, and that the first thing to do is what is generally reserved to the last—estimate the first cost of the water in place back of the dam. This applies to reservoirs to be filled only once a year or once in two years. has held oil five years without injury, as far as I can learn, to the cement. Cement mixed with linseed oil makes a very tough and durable combination, free from any cracks that the eye can detect, and is used in Scotland for roofing. Whether it is a true set, or whether in the nature of putty, which is linseed oil and whiting, I do not know, but it is certain that the cement is not damaged by the oil. It would be worth while to try cement mixed with crude petroleum into a thin wash so that it would run, and lay it over the ordinary cement lining where there is much leakage. Or plain asphaltum could be made to adhere to it if it were first washed with crude petroleum and then allowed to dry in. But in most cases after a reservoir has had a year or two in which puddle, the loss by leakage, if measured by a gauge while the evaporation is measured at the same time with a floating pan beside it, will be found a mere trifle compared with the benefits of the heads of water it accumulates, and which you already understand so well. To make a run of 30 inches for two days requires a storage space of a little over 100,000 cubic feet, or about 3800 cubic yards. This would be about 100 feet square and 16 feet deep. In many cases the excavation alone would cost so much that you cannot afford to line it at all, while in many other cases you can only afford a thin lining and cannot spend anything or making the foundation solid with concrete. And you cannot make the lining thick enough, as can be done with reservoirs for city supply. Asphaltum may be laid against earth if or much of a slope, but considerable care that I have no room to describe here, must be used. It is probable that ordinary street surfacing, washed with crud oil until leakage stopped, would be the most effective form for the morey. The subject of procuring water is so large that I have to confine myself to the reservoir branch of it, in which I understand you are mainly interested. The last two years have proved our underground reservoirs the most valuable we have, and have thrown more light on water than the preceding twenty. It is not possible to make any estimates of their capacity or yielding power, as we can of reservoirs above ground. But it is almost as essential to do so, and we should try to approximate it as nearly as possible. There is absolutely no ground for the belief that there are any large underground lakes or streams, as many water experts are claiming to locate, or that they come from the Rocky mountains or the Sierra Nevada, or from anywhere but our own local watersheds. It is comfortable and gratifying to our pride to think so, but not wise. Our danger is in thinking we have below ground an inexhaustible supply, and expanding our orchards and vineyards and alfalfa fields too much on the strength of it. To fall back upon when the water above ground falls from a dry season or two*, the underground water has proved one of our greatest resources. Some of it will undoubtedly stand any draught that is likely to be made upon it, because the expense of It is an interesting fact complete and exact knowledge of the soils of California than State in the Union, and forledge the public is indebted Hilgard, professor of agriculture director of the Agriculturalment stations of the University. For the last twenty he has given all the time spare from many other duties, to the examination needed, the analysis, of re-silting soil specimens, and to prairie requirements in the event from too long cropping formation must be sought from publications, and no cost line of the work in its present availability. Professor Hilgard in preparation a general titled “Soils: their Formation ties,” Composition and Climate and Plant Growth naturally include the recent long study of California soils. It is the purpose to undertake a compilation sources of information which relate to the fruit soils on now known and used as such. One of the most important recent achievements investigation consists in diving distinctive differences between under arid and climatic condition. In addition of this subject certain characters of California appear, and they are of depth to thrift, productiveness and longevity of fruit characteristics are: (a) Consequent permeability cultivation; (b) depth, additional root extension and (c) richness, containment of plant food in considerable amounts than are found in humid regions. These causes are demonstrated by Prof. Hillgard may be outlined with spices to their relations to fruits. California soils predate hindu sandy, silty or nature of all soils forms conditions save in the caliche clay formations of foothold epochs, as well as posits of the present independent substances independently While “sand” in the hills means virtually quartz gneiss grains and powder of forming minerals as therefore, in the humid land as a rule means poor arid on the contrary, as least as desirable as possible. PALACE MEAT MARKET F. W. Fleischmann, PROPRIETOR. Best Meats the Market Affords Always on Hand. Also keeps on hand Sausages, Bacon, Ham, Lard, Etc. Meats delivered to all parts of the city free of charge. Shop on East Center St. CITIZENS' BANK OF ANAHEIM Hippolyte Cahen - President Peter Weisel - Vice-President J. Hartung - Cashier DIRECTORS. Kaspare Cohn Peter Weisel Richard Melrose J. Hartung Hippolyte Cahen STOCKHOLDERS Kaspare Cohen, H. W. Heliman, Peter Weisel, R. Melrose, John Hartung, R. Courreges, M. A. Newmark & Co., Pierre Nicolas, H. Cahen, T. J. F. Boege CORRESPONDENTS: Farmers' and Merchants' Bank of Los Angeles; London, Paris and American Bank; San Francisco; Importers' and Traders' National Bank; New York City, N.Y.; Exchange Bank; Santa Ana Exchanges for sale on all the principal cities in the United States and Foreign Countries. A reservoir to be filled more than once a year, as is the case with most of those in the Atlantic States, is a different affair, and so is one here to be filled from another source than its own water-shed. For reservoiring and irrigating head several times during the irrigation season, much more expense will often be justified. Most of the small reservoirs we see made for this purpose well repay their cost, because of the greater efficiency of the inch of water delivered in large heads. But even here it is quite as necessary to see at the start how much water you are going to store for so much money. For building a reservoir is, after all, mainly a question of what you can afford to pay for it. If one cannot get water in sufficient heads from the canal it will nearly always pay to make a reservoir large enough for those heads. If it should be so large that it will be too costly to cement, or line with anything tight, the loss from leaving it unlined will generally be trifling compared with the great ad- they come from the Rocky mountains or the Sierra Nevada, or from anywhere but our own local watersheds. It is comfortable and gratifying to our prile to think so, but not wise. Our danger is in thinking we have below ground an inexhaustible supply, and expanding our orchards and vineyards and alfalfa fields too much on the strength of it. To fall back upon, when the water above ground fails from a dry season or two, the underground water has proved one of our greatest resources. Some of it will undoubtedly stand any draught that is likely to be made upon it, because the expense of pumping beyond the point of natural flow will be the limit of our ability to drain it. But it is quite as certain that much of it is in mere pockets of gravel filled from some distant source, connected perhaps by a mere thread of gravel or even sand. Once exhausted, it may take two or more seasons to fill again. No one can tell anything about it. Whether this water is found in vast beds of gravel hundreds of feet deep, or in shallow swamp or meadow land, it is in every case a reservoir. The dam is friction instead of masonry, but it is none the less a reservoir, and if the gate is kept open too long or too wide the result will be the same. It is not at all necessary to run to the Rocky mountains to account for the stores of water we have found below. The grip of gravel on water is like that of a sponge in most cases, while that of sand is still tighter. The waste water of flood winters is great enough to account for all the accumulation there is in the great storage basins of gravel and sand, because we must not forget that they have really just been taped. In some cases, the supply is kept up during the summer by an inflow of living streams, and in other cases it is not. This will make the one more durable than the other, but even it has its limits. Where they are we know not, but it is advisable not to try to find them. For the chances are very strong that if such a reservoir is once emptied it will take much longer to fill again than if it were a reservoir above ground. If we have in the meantime expanded settlement too much on that basis, it will not only suffer but the great resource upon which we have fallen back in the last two years will Nasal Catarrh quiniment by Ely's Cream Bably aromatic. It is renotrils, cleanses and b h face over which it diffuses sell the 50c size; Tricents. Test it and you are the treatment. Announcement to accommodate them to the use of atomizers into the nasal passages of blees, the proprietors pres- liquid form, which will Liquid Cream Balm spraying tube is 75 centil mail. The liquid form icinal properties of the FRUIT SOILS OF CALIFORNIA. Choosing a Spot in Which to Plant Fruit with Reference to Soil and Exposure. The favoring characteristics of the California climates, which have been described, find their fitting complement in the adaptation of the California soils to the perfect development of fruit-bearing tree and vine. In their wonderful variety and consequent great range of special adaptations within narrow limits of area, our soils also resemble our climates. As a man may sometimes find within the boundaries of an ordinary-sized farm such a difference of atmospheric conditions that the same fruit will thrive in one spot and not in another, so he may find differences in soil which will tend to produce the same results. For this reason the precise spot in which to plant any given fruit must be chosen with regard to both soil and moisture. While this is true, it will also appear that the choice of roots upon which to bud or graft, gives the planter a certain latitude and independence. This is of the greatest value in the planting of home orchards, or orchards for local markets, in regions where the soil is not what is usually preferred for fruit production. With proper choice of stocks, wisdom and diligence in cultivation, one need hardly despair of growing good fruit on any soil which will support any laudable plant growth. And yet in commercial orcharding, the secret of which is producing most abundantly and cheaply, too great attention cannot be paid to choice of specially adapted soils. It is an interesting fact that more complete and exact knowledge exists of the soils of California than of any other State in the Union, and for this know- crops for several years, until the "raw" subsoil has had time to be "vitalized" by the fallowing effect of the atmosphere, and to acquire the needful amount of humus or vegetable mold. Thus the surface soil, which in the humid regions supplies the bulk of the nourishment, becomes here of minor importance, serving chiefly as a mulch to prevent waste of moisture; while the active process of nutrition occurs in the deeper portion of the soil stratum, whose composition, as well as condition of disintegration and aeration, is substantially the same as above. The second foot is rarely found to differ materially from the first, even as to humus contents; for the latter, being almost exclusively derived from the humification of roots, the leaves and herbage on the surface being mostly oxidized away under the intense heat of summer; it not uncommonly happens in very porous soils that the first 6 inches of surface soil are poorer in humus than the second foot. The "lightness" and perviousness of the prevailing soils of the arid region permit of the penetration of roots to depths which in the humid region are inaccessible to them on account of the dense subsols, which prevent the needful access of air. This deep penetration enables even annual plants to avail themselves directly of the stores of moisture in the substrata, at depths which in the humid region are scarcely reached save by the tap-roots of some perennials and trees; while the latter themselves reach depths never approached by them in the region of summer rains. Professor Hilgard has personally found the ends of the roots of grapevines at a depth of 23 feet in a gravelly clay loam; and from 10 to 15 feet are ordinary depths reached by the root system of fruit trees. Such depth of rooting, when conservation of moisture is secured by proper surface cultivation, enables deciduous fruit trees to grow thrifty and bear fine LOCAL NOTES OF INTEREST. Mr. Neff's Well. Mr. Neff informs us that he is agreeably surprised at the manner in which his well continues to yield its unvarying stream of water. The well is 100 feet deep, and the surface water has fallen to 37 feet—64 feet lower than at this time last year. The well pit is 28 feet, by 54 feet across. He had hauled brick with the intention of lowering the pit 7 or 8 feet, but found the other day on resuming pumping operations that this work is not at all necessary. The flow of water, which is probably the largest pumped from any well in the county, continues at 160 inches, and persistent pumping does not seem to lessen the supply or lower the water perceptibly. Mr. Neff says his apricot trees promise the heaviest crop since the orchard was set out. The trees are perfectly loaded with blossoms. The period of frost damage will expire next week, after which there will be no great danger, it is to be hoped, from that source. He keeps closely in touch with the signal service, and at the first approach of a lowering of the temperature starts his pump to work and runs a big ditchful of water onto his ranch. He expects to make a "killing" with his apricots this year. Last year he received as high as $50 per ton for a portion of his fruit. We expect to go out and see him when the fruit is ripe. Salvation Army. LOCAL HEADQUARTERS. SANTA ANA, Cal. EDITOR GAZETTE—Dear Sir: We are about to celebrate our annual Week of Self-denial, the object being to raise funds for the missionary work of the Salvation Army at home and abroad. It is an interesting fact that more complete and exact knowledge exists of the soils of California than of any other State in the Union, and for this knowledge the public is indebted to E. W. Hilgard, professor of agriculture and director of the Agricultural Experiment stations of the University of California. For the last twenty-five years he has given all the time he could spare from many other and pressing duties, to the examination, and, when needed, the analysis, of representative soil specimens, and to practical expositions of their nature, adaptations and requirements in the event of exhaustion from too long cropping. This information must be sought in a number of publications, and no condensed outline of the work in its present state is available. Professor Hilgard has now in preparation a general treatise, entitled "Soils; their Formation, Properties, Composition and Relations to Climate and Plant Growth," which will naturally include the results of his long study of California soils and climates. It is the purpose of the writer to undertake a compilation from these sources of information which especially relate to the fruit soils of California, now known and used as such. One of the most interesting and important recent achievements in soil investigation consists in demonstrating distinctive differences between soils formed under arid and under humid climatic condition. In the development of this subject certain distinctive characters of California soils clearly appear, and they are of direct relation to the thrift, productiveness, treatment and longevity of fruit trees. These characteristics are: (a) Lightness and consequent permeability and ease of cultivation; (b) depth, admitting exceptional root extension and penetration; and (c) richness, containing some kinds of plant food in considerably greater amounts than are found in the soils of humid regions. These characteristics, as demonstrated by Professor Hilgard, may be outlined with special reference to their relations to fruit growing. California soils predominantly exhibit the sandy, silty or pulverulent nature of all soils formed under arid conditions, save in the case of pre-existing clay formations of former geological epochs, as well as back-water deposits of the present epoch, all of them substantially independent of climate. While "sand" in the humid regions means virtually quartz grains only, in the arid country it means very largely grains and powder of the other soil-forming minerals as well. While, therefore, in the humid region sandy land as a rule means poor land, in the arid, on the contrary, sandy lands are at least as desirable as heavier ones, Professor Hilgard has devised the following nomenclature of soils based upon their content of clay: Sandy soils, This deep penetration enables even annual plants to avail themselves directly of the stores of moisture in the substrata, at depths which in the humid region are scarcely reached save by the tap-roots of some perennials and trees; while the latter themselves reach depths never approached by them in the region of summer rains. Professor Hilgard has personally found the ends of the roots of grapevines at a depth of 23 feet in a gravelly clay loam; and from 10 to 15 feet are ordinary depths reached by the root system of fruit trees. Such depth of rooting, when conservation of moisture is secured by proper surface cultivation, enables deciduous fruit trees to grow thrifty and bear fine fruit through six months of drought, while as many weeks of drought may bring distress and loss of fruit to surface-rooting trees on the shallow soils of the humid region. The foregoing conditions are rendered the more significant and effective through the third characteristic of soda formed in arid climates. The average aggregate amounts of plant food ingredients are markedly greater in the arid than in the humid soils, wherever their derivation is at all generalized. Among the agriculturally important ingredients contained in larger average amounts in the arid soils than in the humid, lime stands foremost; its percentage in soils not derived from calcareous formations being from twelve to fourteen times greater in the arid than in the humid soils. Magnesia follows lime in this respect, but the average difference is only about half as great. The average content of potash in the arid soils exceeds that in the humid in about the proportion of one to three or four. But no such constant difference exists in respect to phosphoric acid. As regards humus, and the nitrogen of which it is the carrier and reservoir, its amount is usually considerably less than in the humid soils; but the total nitrogen percentage does not differ widely, because the humus of arid soil contains on the average, from three to five times as much nitrogen as is found in the humus of humid soils, and therefore the supply of soil nitrogen is very nearly the same in both regions, while from several causes the humus-nitrogen of arid soils is more available to plants. Any attempt to classify the soils of California upon scientific lines, or even to describe them in their wonderful variety, according to their geographical occurrence, would lead beyond the limitations of a treatise upon the practice of fruit growing. Rather let an attempt be made to designate certain grades of soil with brief characterization of their leading features as they are related to the growth of fruits. By such a course it may be made to appear that though the soils of the State are predominantly light, deep and rich, and thus eminently fitted for fruit growing, there are many degrees in the possession of these characters, or any of them, in local soils, and upon this individual manifestation they rate all the way from perfection to defectiveness. Let a classification proceed then upon a descending scale. Admixture of clay with enough coarse materials to secure permeability to air and water, ease in cultivation, deep penetration and free drainage of surplus water, produces soil of the highest adaptability to the growth of fruit trees and vines. These soils are popularly known as loams. They are designated as sandy loams, medium loams and clay loams, according to the proportion of clay commingled with the sand or coarse materials. Professor Hilgard has devised the following nomenclature of soils based upon their content of clay: Sandy soils, This deep penetration enables even annual plants to avail themselves directly of the stores of moisture in the substrata, at depths which in the humid region are scarcely reached save by the tap-roots of some perennials and trees; while the latter themselves reach depths never approached by them in the region of summer rains. Professor Hilgard has personally found the ends of the roots of grapevines at a depth of 23 feet in a gravelly clay loam; and from 10 to 15 feet are ordinary depths reached by the root system of fruit trees. Such depth of rooting, when conservation of moisture is secured by proper surface cultivation, enables deciduous fruit trees to grow thrifty and bear fine fruit through six months of drought, while as many weeks of drought may bring distress and loss of fruit to surface-rooting trees on the shallow soils of the humid region. The foregoing conditions are rendered the more significant and effective through the third characteristic of soda formed in arid climates. The average aggregate amounts of plant food ingredients are markedly greater in the arid than in the humid soils, wherever their derivation is at all generalized. Among the agriculturally important ingredients contained in larger average amounts in the arid soils than in the humid, lime stands foremost; its percentage in soils not derived from calcareous formations being from twelve to fourteen times greater in the arid than in the humid soils. Magnesia follows lime in this respect, but the average difference is only about half as great. The average content of potash in the arid soils exceeds that in the humid in about the proportion of one to three or four. But no such constant difference exists in respect to phosphoric acid. As regards humus, and the nitrogen of which it isthe carrier and reservoir, its amount is usually considerably less than in the humid soils; but the total nitrogen percentage does not differ widely, becausethe humusof arid soil contains onthe average,从threetofivetimesasmuchnitrogenasisfoundinthehumusofhumidsoilss,andthereforethesuppositionofthecharacters,或anyofthem,在localsoils,和uponthisindividualmanifestationtheyrateallthewayfromperfectiontodefectiveness.Letaclassificationproceedthenuponascendingscale. Admixtureofclaywithenoughcoarsematerialstosecurepermeabilitytoairandwater,easeincultivation,dependentandfreedrainageofsurpluswater，producesolldothehighestadaptabilitytothegrowthoffruittreesandvines.Thesesoilspopularlyknownasloams。Theyaredesignatedassandyloams，mediumloamsandclayloams，accordingtotheproportionofclaycommingledwiththesandorcoarsematerials. Professor Hilgardhasdevisedthefollowingnomenclatureofsoilsbaseduponyourcontentofclay:Sandysoils, This deep penetration enables even annual plants to avail themselves directly of the stores of moisture in the substrata，atdepthswhichinthehumidregionarescarcelyreachedsavebythetap-rootsofsomeperennialsandtrees;而the latter themselvesreachdepthsneverapproachedbythemintherregionofsummerrains. The foregoing conditions are renderedthemoresignificantandeffectivethroughthethirdcharacteristicofsodaformedinaridclimates.TheaverageaggregateamountsfomplantfoodIngredientsaremarkedlygreaterinthearidthaninthehumidsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumidregion. The foregoing conditions are renderedthemoresignificantandeffectivethroughthethirdcharacteristicofsodaformedinaridclimates.TheaverageaggregateamountsfomplantfoodIngredientsaremarkedlygreaterinthearidthaninthehumidsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumidregion. The foregoing conditions are renderedthemoresignificantandeffectivethroughthethirdcharacteristicofsodaformedinaridclimates.TheaverageaggregateamountsfomplantfoodIngredientsaremarkedlygreaterinthearidthaninthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant 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Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwhereverthederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfomthesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilsofthehumdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontainedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilssofthe Humdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontributedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilssofthe Humdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontributedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilssofthe Humdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontributedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilssofthe Humdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontributedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilssofthe Humdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontributedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilssofthe Humdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontributedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilssofthe Humdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontributedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesontheshallowsoilssofthe Humdsoilslwherever,thederivationistatallgeneralized.Amongtheagriculturallyimportant Ingredientscontributedinlargeraverageamountsfom.thesurface-rootingtreesONTHESHLOWSOILSLWHERE THE FARMING OF SOIL IS A MUST HAVE IN THE LAND OF THE CITY OF LAHORE BEFORE HE WEEKS TO LEARN THE BASICS OF FISHING AND BOTH ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LANGUAGE SYSTEMS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Never heard of Burdette? Well, we'll tell you something about him: In December, 1876, Robert J. Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's society of The Presbyterian church. Never heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's society of The Presbyterian church. Never heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's society of The Presbyterian church. Never heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's society of The Presbyterian church. Never heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's society of The Presbyterian church. Never heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's society of The Presbyterian church. Never heard Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's society of The Presbyterian church. Never heard Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's society of The Presbyterian church. Never heard Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's societyofThePresbyterianchurch. Never heard Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's societyofThePresbyterianchurch. Never heard Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening, March 29th, under the auspices of The Young People's societyofThePresbyterianchurch. Never heard Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced his first lesson on fish farming at his school; he still visits his patients at their homes; carries his "good medicine" with him; and fills his prescriptions from his own saddle-bags. In making his twenty-third annual visit he wishes his patients old and new good health; good cheer and good times. Expressing his gratitude for their extravagant kindness their multiplied favors and their exaggerated appreciations. Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced his first lesson on fish farming at his school; he still visits his patients at their homes; carries his "good medicine" with him; and fills his prescriptions from his own saddle-bags. In making his twenty-third annual visit he wishes his patients old and new good health; good cheer and good times. Expressing his gratitude for their extravagant kindness their multiplied favors and their exaggerated appreciations. Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced his first lesson on fish farming at his school; he still visits his patients at their homes; carries his "good medicine" with him; and fills his prescriptions from his own saddle-bags. In making his twenty-third annual visit he wishes his patients old and new good health; good cheer and good times. Expressing his gratitude for their extravagant kindness their multiplied favors and their exaggerated appreciations. Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced his first lesson on fish farming at his school; he still visits his patients at their homes; carries his "good medicine" with him; and fills his prescriptions from his own saddle-bags. In making his twenty-third annual visit he wishes his patients old and new good health; good cheer and good times. Expressing his gratitude for their extravagant kindness their multiplied favors and their exaggerated appreciations. Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced his first lesson on fish farming at his school; he still visits his patients at their homes; carries his "good medicine" with him; and fills his prescriptions from his own saddle-bags. In making his twenty-third annual visit he wishes his patients old and new good health; good cheer and good times. Expressing his gratitude for their extravagant kindness their multiplied favors and their exaggerated appreciations. Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced his first lesson on fish farming at his school; he still visits his patients at their homes; carries his "good medicine" with him; and fills his prescriptions from his own saddle-bags. In making his twenty-third annual visit he wishes his patients old and new good health; good cheer and good times. Expressing his gratitude for their extravagant kindness their multiplied favors and their exaggerated appreciations. Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard Of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced his first lesson on fish farming at his school; he still visits his patients at their homes; carries his "good medicine" with him; and fills his prescriptions from his own saddle-bags. In making his twenty-third annual visit he wishes his patients old and new good health; good cheer and good times. Expressing his gratitude for their extravagant kindness their multiplied favors和他们的多方面待遇的合理性。 Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard Of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容。他的第一部分教学内容和他的多方面待遇的合理性。 Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard Of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture in The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced他的第一部分教学内容和他的多方面待遇的合理性。 Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard Of Bob Burdette? He is coming to Anaheim. He will lecture在The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced他的第一部分教学内容和他的多方面待遇的合理性。 Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard Of Bob Burdette? He is coming到Anaheim。He will lecture在The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced他的第一部分教学内容和他的多方面待遇的合理性。 Burdette Is Coming. Who has not heard Of Bob Burdette? He is coming到Anaheim。He will lecture在The Opera-house next Thursday evening,March 29th,having experienced他的第一部分教学内容和他的多方面待遇的合理性。 Burdette Is Coming. Who has Nasal Catarrh quickly yields to treatment by Ely's Cream Balm, which is agreeably aromatic. It is received through the nostrils, cleanses and heals the whole surface over which it diffuses itself. Druggists sell the 50c. size; Trial size by mail, 10 cents. Test it and you are sure to continue the treatment. Announcement. To accommodate those who are partial to the use of atomizers in applying liquids into the nasal passages for catarrhal troubles, the proprietors prepare Cream Balm in liquid form, which will be known as Ely's Liquid Cream Balm. Price including the spraying tube is 75 cents. Druggists or by mail. The liquid form embodies the medicinal properties of the solid preparation. Admixture of clay with enough coarse materials to secure permeability to air and water, ease in cultivation, deep penetration and free drainage of surplus water, produces soil of the highest adaptability to the growth of fruit trees and vines. These soils are popularly known as loams. They are designated as sandy loams, medium loams and clay loams, according to the proportion of clay commingled with the sand or coarse materials. Professor Hilgard has devised the following nomenclature of soils based upon their content of clay: Sandy soils, less than 5 per cent of clay; sandy loams, from 5 to 10 per cent; ordinary or medium loams, from 10 to 15 per cent; clay loams, from 15 to 20 per cent; clay soils, from 20 to 50 per cent of clay. The coarse materials are sand grains of various sizes or rock particles in various degrees of disintegration. The fine materials are clay and rock powder, commonly designated as fine silt. Loam soils may result from deposits by flowing water or may consist of debris but little removed from local rock disintegration. They include a wide variety of materials but agree in the possession of striking adaptability to fruit culture. Some of the leading instances of such soils may be cited. On the east side of the Sacramento valley low ridges and swales at right angles to the river's course come in from the foothills, forming a gently undulating plain with a fall of from 15 to 20 feet per mile, sometimes right up to the river channels. Nearly all the soils of the east side have a reddish tinge, showing the admixture of the red footfall soil, and demonstrating, by the way, that all these lands are well drained. Where the surface descends gradually to the seashore, and not in bluffs, there are, as in Los Angeles and Orange counties, coast flats several miles in width where the soil is a dark-colored sandy loam, glistening with scales of mica, and more or less affected with alkali in the lower portions. Similar soils are found in tracts of greater or less extent up the coast as far as Santa Barbara at least. As a rule, these seashores land are very productive, but fruits for them must be chosen with reference to their low level and exposure to coastal influences. 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