anaheim-gazette 1897-12-23

THE NICARAGUA CANAL. BY O. W. SHERWOOD, C. E. From the time of the discovery of the Pacific ocean by Balboa in 1513, the question of interoceanic communication in those latitudes has excited the imagination and employed the ingenuity of many famous men. Columbus himself on his fourth voyage explored the coast from Cape Gracias a Dios southward to the bay which is now the harbor of Coloa, seeking a passage by which he might sail onward to the golden kingdoms of the Great Kan. Many of his daring and adventurous successors sailed on the same quest, but the passage that led to the "South Sea" was not discovered; and before many years had passed the fact that it did not exist was established. Thereafter to the present time some artificial means of connecting the oceans here so near together has been sought. As early as 1528 the Spaniards had proposed a route across the Isthmus of Panama, and since that time more than a score of routes have been suggested and explored with more or less care; but of these only three have been considered practicable, viz: the Panama, the Nicaragua, and the Eads Ship Railway. It has cost the French people $300,000,000 to find out that the Panama Canal cannot be built, and thus the Nicaragua route remains as the only means of connecting the two oceans by a waterway. Many examinations and surveys have been made of the Nicaragua route, but it was not until the recent surveys made since 1887 that any practical scheme for overcoming the natural difficulties was evolved. The earlier surveys had followed the San Juan river, involving great and perhaps insurmountable difficulties of construction and maintenance, as well as the use of an impracticable number of locks. In 1885 Mr. Menocal, sent out by our government, discovered a low pass in the divide west of Greytown, making it possible to construct a summit level for the construction of a canal, reaching to within a few miles of either ocean, and reducing the number of locks to six. In October, 1886, a meeting was held in Washington, resulting in the formation of an association of prominent men and capitalists to obtain a concession for the construction of the canal from the government of Nicaragua; and Mr. Menocal was despatched to that country to conduct the negotiations. He succeeded in obtaining a favorable concession secured to the association by the payment within sixty days of $100,000 to be forfeited in case of failure to comply with its conditions; otherwise to be work. It is reported that a section about a mile in length and 17 feet deep has already been excavated. A railroad has been built parallel to the canal line over this section, and will be extended across the divide to Ochoa for transportation purposes. It is expected that this section of the canal will be constructed by the dredges alone. Lock No. 1 will have a lift of 30 feet. All the locks will be 650 feet long and 70 feet wide, and will be constructed as monoliths of concrete. At this point the canal enters the valley of the Cano Deseado and the country becomes hilly and broken. Lock No. 2 will be 1.3 miles above No. 1 and is projected for a lift of 31 feet. Lock No. 3 is 1.9 miles above Lock No. 2 and 12½ miles from the harbor. Its lift will be 45 feet, thus attaining an elevation of 106 feet above the sea. The elevation of the summit level. The section of the canal from Lock No. 3 to Ochoa, where it enters the San Juan river, will consist of the basins of the Deseado and the San Francisco connected by the deep narrow cut through the divide which separates them. At Lock No. 3 a dam 1050 feet long and 70 feet high will be built across the valley, and gaps in the flanking ridges filled with embankments aggregating about 900 feet, forming the basin of the Deseado, navigable without excavation 2¼ miles to the great divide cut. This cut will be three miles long, with a maximum cut of 300 feet, and an average of 112 feet. It contains about 20 per cent of the estimated total excavation for the canal. This cut will be almost entirely solid rock, which is considered a favorable circumstance, as it will permit the use of a steep side-slope, and not be subject to landslides. At the western end of the divide cut the canal enters the San Francisco basin, which extends 12½ miles to Ochoa, where the canal enters the river. To the south of the canal line through this section, and extending in a parallel direction, is a low ridge, which will be utilized as an embankment and renders the construction of the basin possible. Three streams, separated by narrow ridges, intersect this natural embankment at right angles, and flow southwardly into the San Juan river. They are known as the Cano de los Chanchos, the Rio San Francisco and the Rio Peary. The breaks in the ridge made by these streams will be filled by dams. They will each be about one-fourth of a mile long and 70 feet above the present surface of the ground. There are other depressions in the ridge of greater or less depth so that the length of the embankments necessary to fill the depressions in this natural embankment and to raise it to the required length will aggregate a total of nearly eight with a lift 42½ feet. Lock No. 1 was 1¼ miles below, and with sea level with a lift of from feet according to the state of Between Lock No. 6 and there mile, the canal will be excavated an enlarged section, as will town end, providing additional ties for the passing and anchoring vessels. Brito is at present simply roadstead. Jetties will protect trance to the harbor, which we cavated in the low lands at top of the canal. The distance from the lake is 17 miles, and the whole distance of the canal is about 170 miles divided as follows: Navigation in canal and lock: - "basins" - "Rio San Juan" - "Lake Nicaragua" Thus it is seen that the canal wholly in excavation is one-sixth of the total length, one-third of this can be excaved by dredges. In addition, he length of four or five miles to be excaved in the San Juan basin, about 24 miles of this can have to be deepened an average 4½ feet, and some 14 miles dredged in the lake. The ordinary cross-section canal in earth shows a width bottom of 120 feet with slopes zonal to 1 vertical, while in upper divide rock cuts the width is up to 80 feet and the slopes are no pendicular. The total amount estimation is estimated at 65,000 yards, of which one-third will be dredged in the lake. The average time of transit through the canal is estimated hours. The traffic will be limited number of vessels that can pass through the locks. Allowing utes as average time needed vessels could be passed each hour, or 5840 each year. It is ted that by the use of an electric canal can be navigated in time, thus doubling its capacity should it become necessary to can be duplicated. The estimate of cost is $100,000,000 including interest and unforeseen expenses; thus cost of construction as $65,000,000 margin of $35,000,000. The officers of company that the canal can be completed or six years after the necessity have been obtained, and they pay 5 per cent interest on their ed cost of construction this so many difficult features onthe solution ofthe problem; that it is by no means certain a result will be attained at first. A bill was introduced into Congress asking for guarantee 3 per cent interest. In October, 1886, a meeting was held in Washington, resulting in the formation of an association of prominent men and capitalists to obtain a concession for the construction of the canal from the government of Nicaragua; and Mr. Menocal was despatched to that country to conduct the negotiations. He succeeded in obtaining a favorable concession secured to the association by the payment within sixty days of $100,000 to be forfeited in case of failure to comply with its conditions; otherwise to be applied to police expenses in connection with the canal. On the 30th of November, 1887, the specially chartered steamer, "Alvera," sailed for Nicaragua, having on board an engineering corps and their outfit under the command of Lieut. R. E. Peary, U. S. N., sub-chief engineer, to make the final surveys and location. Since that time the work has been continuously prosecuted until the present. Complete and elaborate topographical maps have been made, the final location projected and the work of construction begun. In February, 1889, Congress passed a bill incorporating the Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua, and the company was soon after formally organized with Hiram Hitchcock of New York as president. At the same time a subordinate company, the Nicaragua Construction Company was organized to prosecute the work of construction, with A. C. Cheney as president and A. G. Menocal as chief engineer. In 1890 Mr. Cheney resigned and ex-Senator Warner Miller was elected to fill the vacancy and has since occupied that position with ability. The construction of the canal will be an enterprise of colossal and unexamined magnitude; both on account of the natural obstacles to be overcome; the difficulties attendant upon the transportation of material and supplies in a country which is an untrodden jungle subject to an annual deluge of 400 inches; and the difficulty of obtaining and maintaining an efficient force of laborers in a hot unhealthy country. The present plans for the construction of the canal contemplate a summit level from a point 124 miles from the Atlantic side to within about three miles of the Pacific, utilizing Lake Nicaragua, the San Juan river above Ochoa, and several depressions or basins that will be filled by the construction of dams. This level will be approached by a sea-level canal and three locks on each side. The surface of water in the summit level is to be 106 feet above the level of the sea. There is no harbor at either end, thus entailing the necessity of reopening the Greytown Lagoon and the construction of a harbor at Brito, the western terminus. The details of the work to be done in the construction of the canal are as follows: Beginning on the Atlantic side the first problem to be solved is the reopening of the lagoon at Greytown, the eastern terminus of the canal. The lagoon at present is a narrow, irregularly shaped body of water about two and one half miles long, shallow, except at the northern end, where the entrance is. The Canyon de las Animas flows into the lagoon from the south, bringing a portion of the waters of the San Juan river, the main portion of which flows through the mouth known as Rio Colorado and joins the sea some twenty miles to the south. Fifty years ago Greytown Lagoon was a harbor accessible to large ships. Lord Nelson then a captain, once dropped The only excavation necessary in this section will be cut through the narrow divides between the streams, and the ridge between the Rio Reary and the Cano Machado, which stream the canal follows into the San Juan above the Ochoa dam. At Ochoa a dam 1250 feet long and averaging 61 feet in height will be built across the San Juan river, diverting it into the San Francisco basin. It is proposed to build these dams of the rock taken from the divide cut. A railroad will be built along the orest of the dam line for the purpose of transporting the rock to the various sites. A low grade railroad will also be built for transportation purposes, as near as possible to the high grade road. The dams will be built by dumping the rock from the high grade road. The highest dams will have a base 500 feet wide. It is expected that they will settle to a firm foundation by their own weight, and though they will not at first perhaps be watertight they will soon become so. Ample waste-ways will be provided for in favorable locations. This method of construction was suggested by A. M. Wellington, editor of the Engineering News, and if successful will save an immense amount of money. All the country between Greytown and Ochoa is a dense jungle untrodden by human foot save those of the rubber hunter and the company's engineers. For ten miles back from the coast the land is low and swampy; the rest is hilly and broken. The tremendous rainfall will greatly hinder the work of construction, as will the lack of transportation facilities, which must be furnished by the railroads entirely; as it will be impossible to operate wagon roads even if mules or cattle could stand the climate. At Ochoa the San Carlos river, the first tributary of any size, rising far to the south in Costa Rica, enters the San Juan just above the site of the dam. Below this point the San Juan is as muddy as Missouri, but above it is clearer. It is found that the dam will back up the waters of the San Carlos, making them navigable for some distance into Costa Rica, so that it is expected that the current will be checked, and its silt deposited far up the river, so that there will be no danger of the slitting up of the entrance into the San Francisco basin from the River. From Ochoa to the lake, 644 miles, the canal utilizes the bed of the river made navigable by the dam at Ochoa, and the excavation of the channel to the proper depth. Across the lake is 564 miles. From the entrance to the lake a channel will have to be dredged for about 14 miles before a depth of 30 feet is reached. At the western side of the lake the canal enters the valley of the Lajas, through which it runs for 1¼ miles. This stream will be diverted into a new channel so as not to interfere with the canal. Following a small tributary of Lake Ochoa de los Chanchos, the Rio San Francisco andthe Rio Peary. The only excavation necessary in this section will be cut through the narrow divides between the streams, and the ridge between the Rio Reary andthe Cano Machado, which streamthe canal follows intotheSan JuanabovetheOchoadam. At Ochoa a dam 1250 feet long and averaging 61 feet in height will be built acrosstheSanJuanriver,divertingitintotheSanFranciscobasin. Itis proposedtobuildthedamsoftherocktakenfromthedividecut.Arailroadwillbebuiltalongtheorestofthedamlineforthepurposeoftransportingtherocktothevarioussites.Alowgraderailroadwillalsobebuiltfortransportationpurposes,andasneaspossibletohighgraderealmontage. ThismethodofconstructionwasgestedbyA.M.Wellington.editoroftheEngineeringNews,andifsuccessfulwillsaveanimmenseamountofmoney. AllthecountrybetweenGreytownandOchoaisadensejungleuntroddenbyhumanfootsavethoseoftherubberhunterandthecompany'sengineers.Foretenmilesbackfromthecoastthelandislowandswampy;therestishillyandbroken.Thetremendousrainfallwillgreatlyhindertheworkoftransportation,mustbefurnishedbytherailroadsentirely;asitwillbeimpossibletooperatewagonroadsevenifmulesorcattlecouldstandtheclimate. AtOchoaSanCarlosriver,thefirsttributaryofanysize,risingfartothesouthinCostaRicaenterstheSanJuanjustabovethesiteofthedam.BelowthispointtheSanJuanisasmuddyastheMissouri,bbutaboveitisclearer.itisfoundthatdamwillbackupwatersofthesanCarlos,makingtheremainnavigableforsomedistanceintotheCostaRica,sоthatitisexpectedthatcurrentwillbewacked,anditssiltdepositedfaruptheriver,sоthattherewillbeno-dangeroftheslittingupoftheentranceintotheSanFranciscobasinfromtheRiver. FromOchoatothelake,644miles,thecanalutilizesbethedoftheriver.made NavigablebythedamatOchoa,andtheexcavationofthechanneltotheproperdepth.Acrossthelakeis564miles.Fromtheentrancetothelakeachannelwillhavetobedrededforabout14milesbeforeadepthof30feetisreached. Atthewesternsideofthelake,thecanalentersthevalleyoftheLajasthroughwhichitrunesfor1¼miles.Thisstreamwillbervirtedintoanewchannelsoasnottointerferewiththecanal.FollowingasmalltributaryofLakeOchoade losChanchos,theRioSanFranciscoandtheRioPeary. TheonlyexcavationnecessaryinhthissectionwillbecutthroughthenarrowsdividesthenstreakswillbefilledbydamsTheywilleachbeaboutone-fourthofamilelongand70feetabovedethepresentsurfaceofthedoundThereareotherdepressionsinthenridsgreaterorlessdepthsoatthelengthofthen embankmentsnecessarytolfill德pressionsinthennaturalembankmentandtoraiseititotherequiredlengthwillaggregateatotalofnearlyeightmiles. TheonlyexcavationnecessaryinhthissectionwillbecutthroughthenarrowsdividesthenstreakswillbefilledbydamsTheywilleachbeaboutone-fourthofamilelongand70feetabovedethepresentsurfaceofthedoundThereareotherdepressionsinthenridsgreaterorlessdepthsoatthelengthofthen embankmentsnecessarytolfill德pressionsinthennaturalembankmentandtoraiseititotherequiredlengthwillaggregateatotalofnearlyeightmiles. TheonlyexcavationnecessaryinhthissectionwillbecutthroughthenarrowsdividesthenstreakswillbefilledbydamsTheywilleachbeaboutone-fourthofamilelongand70feetabovedethepresentsurfaceofthedoundThereareotherdepressionsinthenridsgreaterorlessdepthsoatthelengthofthen embankmentsnecessarytolfill德pressionsinthennaturalembankmentandtoraiseititotherequiredlengthwillaggregateatotalofnearlyeightmiles. TheonlyexcavationnecessaryinhthissectionwillbecutthroughthenarrowsdividesthenstreakswillbefilledbydamsTheywilleachbeaboutone-fourthofamilelongand70feetabovedethepresentsurfaceofthedoundThereareotherdepressionsinthenridsgreaterorlessdepthsoatthelengthofthen embankmentsnecessarytolfill德pressionsinthennaturalembankmentandtoraiseititotherequiredlengthwillaggregateatotalofnearlyeightmiles. TheonlyexcavationnecessaryinhthissectionwillbecutthroughthenarrowsdividesthenstreakswillbefilledbydamsTheywilleachbeaboutone-fourthofamilelongand70feetabovedethepresentsurfaceofthedoundThereareotherdepressionsinthenridsgreaterorlessdepthsoatthelengthofthen embankmentsnecessarytolfill德pressionsinthennaturalembankmentandtoraiseititotherequiredlengthwillaggregateatotalofnearlyeightmiles. TheonlyexcavationnecessaryinhthissectionwillbecutthroughthenarrowsdividesthenstreakswillbefilledbydamsTheywilleachbeaboutone-fourthofamilelongand70feetabovedethepresentsurfaceofthedoundThereareotherdepressionsinthenridsgreaterorlessdepthsoatthelengthofthen embankmentsnecessarytolfill德pressionsinthennaturalembankmentandtoraiseititotherequiredlengthwillaggregateatotalofnearlyeightmiles. Theonlyexcavationnecessaryinhthissection willbecutthroughthenarrowsdividesthenstreaks willbefilledbydams Theywilleachbeaboutone-fourthofamilelongand70feetabovedethepresentsurfaceofthedoundThereareotherdepressionsinthenridsgreaterorlessdepthsoatthelengthofthen embankmentsnecessarytolfill德pressionsinthennaturalembankmentandto raiseititothe required length willaggregate a total of nearly eight miles. The only excavation neccessary in this section will be cut through thenarrows divided between streams and rivers between banks have everything to do nothing gain. To apply such features or solution of this problem it is by no means certain a result will be attained at first thing what whatever to do with this section should build the canal itself; seems to be an entire compartment or six years after this process have been obtained, and this pay 5 per cent interest on any more speculations or future. Only some great and public necessity would justify structure of this canal by this method and this cannot be said without any other concerns or problems it is by no means certain a result will be attained at first thing what whatever to do with this section should build the canal itself; seems to be an entire compartment or six years after this process have been obtained, and this pay 5 per cent interest on any more speculations or future. Only some great and public necessity would justify structure of this canal by this method and this cannot be said without any other concerns or problems it is by no means certain a result will be attained at first thing what whatever to do with this section should build the canal itself; seems to be an entire compartment or six years after this process have been obtained, and this pay 5 per cent interest on any more speculations or future. Only some great and public necessity would justify structure of this canal by this method and this cannot be said without any other concerns or problems it is by no means certain a result will be attained at first thing what whatever to do with this section should build Beginning on the Atlantic side the first problem to be solved is the reopening of the lagoon at Greytown, the eastern terminus of the canal. The lagoon at present is a narrow, irregularly shaped body of water about two and one half miles long, shallow, except at the northern end, where the entrance is. The Canyon de las Animas flows into the lagoon from the south, bringing a portion of the waters of the San Juan river, the main portion of which flows through the mouth known as Rio Colorado and joins the sea some twenty miles to the south. Fifty years ago Greytown Lagoon was a harbor accessible to large ships. Lord Nelson, then a captain, once dropped anchor here and came near losing his life in a disastrous expedition up the river. For many years previous to 1890, however, the entrance has been wholly or partially closed. The wind striking the sandy coast at an angle and inducing a current, laden with sand, to the northward is believed to be the chief cause of the destruction to the entrance. At the same time the Cano de las Animas brought down silt-laden water of the San Juan and deposited it in the southern part of the bay so that now there is dry land opposite the town where large ships formerly anchored. The means by which the harbor is to be reopened is the construction of a jetty or breakwater to the south or windward of the entrance, at right angles to the shore, cutting off the movement of the sand to the northward, and permitting the action of the tide to cut a new channel. In December, 1889, the construction of the jetty was begun; and in July, 1890, the water on the bar was from six to eight feet deep, a depth sufficient for the passage of the company's tugs and lighters. Since that time the jetty has been extended to a length of 1000 feet. It is expected, however, that supplementary works and dredging will have to be resorted to before the minimum depth of thirty feet can be maintained. It is necessary that a depth of water be maintained on the bar sufficient to admit large ocean-going vessels before much work is done on the canal, in order that the materials of construction may be landed at a wharf. All vessels have to anchor outside and their cargoes are lightered at great expense and risk. From the entrance the sailing line will curve to the right through the harbor to the opposite where is the entrance to the canal. From this point to lock No. 1, a distance of 9.3 miles, the canal runs through a level swamp covered with dense forest. This section has been cleared and several of the mammoth dredges purchased from the American Dredging company, better known as the Slavin dredges, are at Woman's Ills are as often caused by kidney disease as by affections of the womb. Among the most certain symptoms of this disease are Backache, Bad Complexion, A Tired Feeling, Depressed Spirits, Headache, Nervousness, Sideache, Neuralgia, Too Frequent Urination, Dragging Pains, etc. These can be CURED "I can heartily recommend your Sparagus Kidney Pills to any woman afflicted with those distressing pains in the back and sides and kidney weakness, for they have cured me. For several years I have been troubled with backache, bearing down pains and urinary trouble. Nothing succeeded in relieving me, until I got a box of Dr. Hobbs Sparagus Kidney Pills. I began to feel better the first few days, and never felt better in my life than I do now." Mrs. M. C. Morgan, East Jefferson St., Los Angeles, Cal. Dr. Hobbs SPARAGUS Kidney Pills. Dr. Hobbs Pills for Sale in Anaheim by P. A. Derge, Pharmacist. With a lift 424 feet. Lock No. 6 is situated 14 miles below, and will reach sea level with a lift of from 21 to 29 feet, according to the state of the tide between Lock No. 6 and the ocean, mile, the canal will be excavated with an enlarged section, as will the Greyown end, providing additional facilities for the passing and anchorage of vessels. Brito is at present simply an open roadstead. Jetties will protect the entrance to the harbor, which will be excavated in the low lands at the mouth of the canal. The distance from the lake to Beito is 17 miles, and the whole distance of the canal is about 170 miles, which is divided as follows: - Miles: Navigation in canal and locks...27.0 - "basins": 22.0 - Rio San Juan: 34.5 - Lake Nicaragua: 55.5 Thus it is seen that the length of canal wholly in excavation is less than one-sixth of the total length, and that one-third of this can be excavated by the dredges. In addition, however, a length of four or five miles will have to be excavated in the San Francisco basin, about 24 miles of the river bed will have to be deepened an average of 8 feet, and some 14 miles must be dredged in the lake. The ordinary cross-section of the canal in earth shows a width on the bottom of 120 feet with slopes of 2 horizontal to 1 vertical, while in the great divide rock cuts the width is reduced to 80 feet and the slopes are nearly perpendicular. The total amount of excavation is estimated at 65,000,000 cubic yards, of which one-third will be rock. The average time of transit of a vessel through the canal is estimated at 28 hours. The traffic will be limited by the number of vessels that can be passed through the locks. Allowing 45 minutes as the average time necessary, 16 vessels could be passed each day of 12 hours, or 5840 each year. It is expected that by the use of an electric plant the canal can be navigated in the night time, thus doubling its capacity. Should it become necessary the locks can be duplicated. The estimate of the cost is given as $100,000,000, including interest charges and unforeseen expenses; the actual cost of construction as $65,000,000, leaving a margin of $35,000,000. The officers of the company claim that the canal can be completed in five or six years after the necessary funds have been obtained, and that it will pay 5 per cent interest on the estimated cost of construction the first year. So many difficult features enter into the solution of the problem, however, what it is by no means certain that such a result will be attained first. A bill was introduced into the last Congress asking the government to guarantee 3 per cent interest on $100. The estimate of the cost is given as $100,000,000, including interest charges and unforeseen expenses; the actual cost of construction is $65,000,000, leaving a margin of $35,000,000. The officers of the company claim that the canal can be completed in five or six years after the necessary funds have been obtained, and that it will pay 5 per cent interest on the estimated cost of construction the first year. So many difficult features enter into the solution of the problem, however, that it is by no means certain that such a result will be attained at first. A bill was introduced into the last Congress asking the government to guarantee 3 per cent interest on $100,000,000 of the bonds of the company under certain conditions, by which it would appear that the government would have everything to lose and nothing to gain. It would seem better that the government, if it has anything whatever to do with the matter, should build the canal itself; and there seems to be an entire consensus of opinion among the disinterested observers that it should settle up the Pacific railroad affairs before it enters upon any more speculations of like nature. Only some great and urgent public necessity would justify the construction of the canal by the government, and this cannot be said to exist. The argument that the construction of the canal would save an immense amount of money in the expenditures for war vessels by allowing the effective force of the navy to be reduced, because a single fleet could, from a station on Lake Nicaragua, protect both oceans, is absurd and ridiculous. The U.S. Government has no right to the exclusive use of the canal for naval purposes; nor is it probable that it can ever acquire such rights. Even should it do so it brings with it a possibility terrible to contemplate. While our fleet might be at its station on the lake ready to pounce upon the divided enemy in either ocean, a few cartridges of dynamite might destroy the outlets and compel it to walk home. If the canal is to be built, its neutrality should be guaranteed by the great powers with equal rights for all, and the fleets of belligerent nations should be refused passage. Otherwise it will soon be dominated by the greatest naval power. France built the Suez canal with that very natural result. The advantages to be derived from the construction of the canal will be very great, more especially to this country, but also to the world in general; and it is to be hoped that the company will soon obtain the funds requisite to push the work to an early termination. A Friendly Bar Examination. A Georgia correspondent sends us this account of a young man's oral examination for the bar by a local committee before an old judge, who was also an old acquaintance of the candidate. Being asked, "What is arson?" he scrambled his head and finally said, "I believe that's pizon, isn't it?" On this the old judge, to help him out, says: "Tut, tut, Jim Suppose I were set fire to your house and burn it down, what would that be?" With quick and emphatic reply Jim says, "I think it would be a dad dratted mean trick." But although this answer was not technically accurate Jim was in the hands of his friends and was honorably admitted. Case and Comment. Walked Right Over Them. General Lee tells a Story of the Justice's Absentmindedness. General Lee tells this story of ex-Senator Lamar, while the latter was a member of the United States supreme court. "He was in a herdic one day," said General Lee, "and, as was not unusual with him when not actively employed, was almost entirely oblivious of his surroundings. He was a deep thinker, you know. Well, he forgot to pay his fare. The driver rang his bell, and finally another passenger called his attention to it. "They're ringing for your fare," I think, said the man to Judge Lamar, touching him on the knee. "Is that so?" asked the judge, starting up. "I had forgotten all about it. He then pulled some silver pieces from his pocket and selecting a dime dropped into the box. "The passenger who had observed his action, said to the judge as he resumed his seat." Dulcit you make a mistake: The fare is 5 cents. "Why, so it is." Excuse me, replied the jurist, and again making his way to the cash box he put in a nickel, after which he took his seat, confident that he had discharged all his obligations, as he had indeed, and more. "And so far as I know," continued General Lee, "he never realized his mistake. The best part of the story is that it is true Goodby I get off here." Washington Star A Quaint Scotch Wedding Custom. A quaint wedding custom still prepares in many of the little country towns and mining villages in Scotland. When a wedding is held, the contracting parties make their guests pay in full for the eating, drinking and dancing facilities which are usually provided on such occasions. The practice still seems to survive even in Glasgow. A correspondent observed a notice posted up in Cowcaddens—a low class Glasgow thoroughfare—in informing the public that a soldier would shortly enter into the bonds of weldock, and that twopence would be charged for admission to the ceremony and an additional sixpence imposed for attendance at the wedding feast. The practice seems to be peculiarly Scotch, but sixtence certainly seems moderate enough for a marriage supper—Westminster Gazette. The Useless Men. "Married life isn't what it is cracked up to be," remarked Mrs. Grimesleigh. "When I married Daniel, I thought it would be so handy to have a man about the house; but Lor," that's all it amounts to. Santa Ana Steam Laundry. Fred Netzow, Prop. H. A. STOUGH. GENERAL BLACKSMITHING! All work done in first-class manner, and at prices at low as the lowest. Horse-Shoeing Neatly and promptlyDone. Shop in Har Block; center St., Anahiem. F. BACKS, UNDERTAKER And Dealer in FURNITURE. Wall Paper, Cornices, Window Shades, Picture Frames, Upholtery Goods, Paints, Oils and Glass Sewing Machine Supplies, Etc. Corner Los Angeles and Charities St. NOTICE TO CREDITORS. Estate of LEE LOVE, deceased. Notice is hereby given by the undersigned, Executrix of the estate of Lee ove, deceased; to the creditors of , and all persons having clauses against the said deceased to exhibit the same with the treasury vouchers, within four months after the first publication of this notice on 28th day of October 1879), to the said Executrix at the law office of Z. B. West, No. 118 West Fourth Street, in City of Santa Ana, where being the price for the transaction of the business of said estate in the County of Orange. Dated this 24th day of September, A. B. 1897. Administratrix of the estate of Lee Love, deceased. IN THE Superior Court If the County of Orange, State of California. CORA ERDMAN, Plaintiff, vs. FREDERICK CARL ERDMAN, Defendant. Action brought in the Superior Court of the County of Orange State of California, and the Complaint filed in office of the Clerk of said County of Orange. The People of The State of California send greeting to Frederick Carl Erdeman, defendant. You are hereby directed to appear and answer to a complaint in court as adjudged by you in on behalf of you in this county; or within thirty days if served elsewhere. And you are hereby notified that unless you wish to tell you Mr Corder was a gentleman humbugging you and thereby English Exchange. Force of Habit A woman will always ask everything before she pays tardy afternoon a woman a confectioner's shop and if 'I want sixpennyworth' they were handed to you took out her purse and reused. How much is it. Please Fun PACIFIC COAST STEAMSHIP The Company's elegant Ross and Queen leave Red and Port Los Angeles at Francisco via Santa Barbara at Dec. 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26; Jan 23, 27, 31; Feb 4, 8, 12, 16, 20; Los Angeles at 6 A.M., and A.M., for San Diego; Dec. 4, 8 Jan. 15, 9, 13, 17, 21, 28; 22; 26 Cars connect via Red depot at 9:20 A.M. Cars connect via Port Los Angeles R.R. depot at 1:35 P.M. for steamers via San Pedro Francisco via Ventura; Carpenter Gaviota; Port Harford Dec. 3, 7, 11, 19, 15, 27; 24; 28; Feb. 1, 5, 9, 13, 7; 71 with steamers via San Pedro (Arcade Depot) at 6:38 P.M. an depot at 5:15 P.M. 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Lea Los Angeles Thursday, Chicago and Washington. Via Orlando and The Seven Lea Los Angeles Sundays, lss City Chicago, Boston Lea Los Angeles Tuesdays, Kansas City Chicago, Lea Los Angeles Wednesdays, Omaha Chicago, Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays, San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, Chicago and Washington. Via Orlando and The Seven Special Excusions To Lea Georgia mails Sunday, 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday, Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday, Kansas City Chicago, Lea Los Angeles Tuesday, Omaha Chicago, Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays, San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday, 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday, Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday, Kansas City Chicago, Lea Los Angeles Tuesday, Omaha Chicago, Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays, San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday, 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday, Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday, Kansas City Chicago, Lea Los Angeles Tuesday, Omaha Chicago, Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays, San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday, 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday, Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday, Kansas City Chicago, Lea Los Angeles Tuesday, Omaha Chicago, Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays, San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday, 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday， Kansas City Chicago， Lea Los Angeles Tuesday， Omaha Chicago， Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays， San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday， 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday， Kansas City Chicago， Lea Los Angeles Tuesday， Omaha Chicago， Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays， San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday， 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday， Kansas City Chicago， Lea Los Angeles Tuesday， Omaha Chicago， Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays， San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday， 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday， Kansas City Chicago， Lea Los Angeles Tuesday， Omaha Chicago， Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays， San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday， 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday， Kansas City Chicago， Lea Los Angeles Tuesday， Omaha Chicago， Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays， San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday， 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday， Kansas City Chicago， Lea Los Angeles Tuesday， Omaha Chicago， Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays， San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday， 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday， Kansas City Chicago , Lea Los Angeles Tuesday， Omaha Chicago , Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays， San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday， 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday， Kansas City Chicago , Lea Los Angeles Tuesday， Omaha Chicago , Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays， San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday， 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea Georgia Tuesday， Kansas City Chicago , Lea Los Angeles Tuesday， Omaha Chicago , Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays。 San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday， 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday， Savannah Lea George Tuesday , Kansas City Chicago , Lea Los Angeles Tuesday , Omaha Chicago , Shanghai Lea Los Angeles Fridays。 San Diego Lea Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea Georgia mails Sunday , 8 cage etc. Lea Georgia Monday , Savannah Leа George Tuesday , Kansas City Chicago , Leа Los Angeles Tuesday , Omaha Chicago , Shanghai Leа Los Angeles Fridays。 San Diego Leа Los Angeles Saturdays, SOUTHERN POP COMPANY SPECIAL EXCUSIONS TO Lea 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"So your wife won that suit about her real estate?" "Of course You didn't suppose that such little obstacles as a judge, 8 lawyers and 12 jurymen could throw her off the track did you?"—Detroit Free Press. Physiological. Instructor—What is it that gives to the blood its bright red color? Little Miss Thavuoo—I know It's the corpuscles But ours ain't red They're bine Mamma says so THE DREADED CONSUMPTION CAN BE CURED. F. A. Nocum, M. C., the Great them at and Scientists, Will Need, Free, Three Bottles of His Newly Discovered Remedies upon receipt of Express and Post office address T A Nocum, M. C., 98 Pine Street, New York When writing the Doctor, please mention this paper. For Catarrh May Fever Cold in Head ELY'S CREAM BALM is a positive cure. Apply into the nostrils. It is quickly absorbed. 60 shots at Druggists or by mail; samples too. by mail. LYBROTHERS, 56 Warren St., New York City. The Useless Men. "Married life isn't what it is cracked up to be," remarked Mrs. Grimesleigh. "When I married Daniel, I thought it would be so handy to have a man about the house; but, Lor', that's all it amounted to He's never at home when he's wanted for anything, and if he is he's tired or busy or something or other, and so I have to go to work and do the thing myself S far as I can see, men are only in the way when they are in the house and out of the way when they rewanted."—Boston Transcript The sciara, a wormlike insect of forests of Hungary and Norway, is only a tenth of an inch long, yet in migrating in July or early August, the creatures are said to stick themselves together in a serpentlike mass often 40 to 50 feet long and several inches thick. In Derbyshire county England, there is a subterranean road seven miles long It connects two mines A Story of Abernethy. This is the story of Dr Abernethy which Pennyson used to tell A farmer went to the great doctor complaining of discomfort in the head, weight and pain The doctor said "What quantity of ale do you take?" "Oh, I takes my vale pretty well Abernethy (with great patience and gentleness) "Now then, to begin the day — breakfast, what time? "Oh, at haafe past 7 "Ale then; how much?" "I taakes my quart." "Luncheon?" "At 11 o'clock, I gets another snack." "Ale then? "Oh, yes, my pint and a haafe." "Dinner?" "Haafe past 1." "Any ale then? "Yees, yees, another quart then." "Tea?" "My tea is at haafe past 5." "Ale then?" "Noa, noa." "Supper?" "Noine o'clock." "Ale then?!" "Yees, yees. I taakes my fill then I goes asleep arterward." Like a lion aroused Abernethy was up, opened the street door, shoved the farmer out and shouted out. "Go home, sir, and let me never see your face again Go home, drink your ale and be damned." The farmer rushed out agast Abernethy pursuing him down the street with shouts of "Go home, sir, and be damned." Superior Court [the County of Orange, State of California] CORA ERDMAN, Plaintiff, vs. FREDERICK CARL FRDMAN, Defendant. Action brought in the Superior Court of the County of Orange, State of California, and the Complaint filed in the office of the Clerk of said County of Orange. The People of the State of California send greetings to Frederick Carl Erdman, defendant. You are hereby directed to appear and answer the Complaint in an action entitled as above, brought against you in the Superior Court of the county of Orange, State of California within ten days after the service on you of his summons—if served within this county; or within thirty days if served elsewhere. And you are hereby notified that unless you appear and answer as above required, the said Paint will apply to the Court for the relief demanded in the Complaint. Given under my hand and the seal of the Superior Court of the County of Orange, State of California, this 13th day of November, A. D. 18.7 D. T. BROCK, Clerk. By W A BECKETT Deputy Clerk H. W. Chynoweth Attorney for Plaintiff. nov18-2m Southern Pacific Local Time Table. Southern Pacific Railroad Time Table.—Trains pass Anaheim as follows: To Los Angeles Lv. From Los Angeles, Daily: 7:34 am Daily: 9:45 am Daily: 4:25 pm Daily: 6:01 pm Daily trains connect at Mirrores with train for Tustin, and at Studebaker with Whittier trains. In effect May 30th, 1897. Street cars connect with all trains. LOS ALAMITOS TRAINS. Leave for— 9:18 a.m 6:03 p.m. Sugar Factory Arrive from— 7:22 a.m 4:25 p.m. CASTORIA For Infants and Children. For Sale or Trade A thorough-bred Missouri-bred jack; until recently at Hahn's stable for two seasons past; can be seen at my ranch at Benedict. J. EVERHARD. [sen9tf] After hearing some friends continually praising Chamberlain's Colic Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy, Curtis Fleck of Anaheim, California, purchased a bottle of it for his own use and is now enthusiastic over its wonderful work as anyone can be. The 25 and 50 cent sizes for sale by P. A. Derge. deo AN OPEN LETTER To MOTHERS. WE ARE ASSERTING IN THE COURTS OUR RIGHT TO THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE WORD "CASTORIA," AND "PITCHER'S CASTORIA," AS OUR TRADE MARK. I, DR. SAMUEL PITCHER, of Hyannis, Massachusetts, was the originator of "PITCHER'S CASTORIA," the same that has borne and does now bear the fac-simile signature of Charles H. Hitchter wrapper. This is the original "PITCHER'S CASTORIA," which has been used in the homes of the Mothers of America for over thirty years. LOOK CAREFULLY at the wrapper and see that it is the kind you have always bought on the and has the signature of Charles H. Hitchter wrapper. No one has authority from me to use my name except The Centaur Company of which Chas. H. Fletcher is President. March 8, 1897. Do Not Be Deceived. Do not endanger the life of your child by accepting a cheap substitute which some druggist may offer you (because he makes a few more pennies on it), the ingredients of which even he does not know. "The Kind You Have Always Bought" BEARS THE FAC-SIMILE SIGNATURE OF Insist on Having The Kind That Never Failed You. Mrs. G. Davis Groceries and Seeds. Informs her customers and the general public that she is prepared to sell goods at the smallest margin possible. She buys for cash and PACIFIC COAST STEAMSHIP CO. The Company's elegant steamers Santa Rosa and Queen leave Redondo at 11 A.M. and Port Los Angeles at 2:30 P.M. for San Francisco via Santa Barbara and Port Harford Dec. 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30; Jan. 8, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31; Feb. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28. Leave Port Los Angeles at 6 A.M., and Redondo at 11 A.M., for San Diego, Dec. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28. Jan. 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25; Feb. 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26. Cars connect via Redondo leave Santa Fe depot at 9:45 A.M., or from Redondo Ky. depot at 9:20 A.M. Cars connect via Port Los Angeles leave S.P.R. R. Depot at 1:35 P.M. for steamers north bound. The steamers Eureka and Good Bay leave San Pedro and East Nar Pedro for San Francisco via Ventura, Carpenteria, Santa Barbara, Gaviota, Port Harford, Cayucos, San Simeon Monterey and Santa Cruz at 30 M.Dec. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27; Jan. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24; Feb. 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21; 25. Cars connect with steamers via San Pedro leave S.P.R.(Arcade Depot) at 6:30 P.M. and Terminal Ry. depot at 5:15 P.M. The Company reserves right to change without previous notice, steamers-sales dates and hours of selling. W.KAYS ART. NEW SECOND ST. LOS ANGELES.GOODALL MERKINS & CO., GEN AGTS., S.F. SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY SPECIAL EXCURSIONS TO THE EAST Via El Paso and connections: Leave Los Angeles thursdays; 8:15 a.m for Chicago etc. Leave Los Angeles Wednesdays; 8:15 a.m for New York and Boston. Leave Los Angeles Thursdays; 8:15 a.m for Cincinnati and Washington. Leave Los Angeles Satdays; 8:15 a.m for Cincinnati and Washington. Via Orden and the Scenic Route: Leave Los Angeles Sundays; 11:50 a.m for Omaha and Chicago. Leave Los Angeles Mondays; 11:50 a.m for Kansas City, Chicago, Boston. Leave Los Angeles Tuesdays; 11:50 a.m for Kansas City, Chicago, Boston. Leave Los Angeles Wednesdays; 11:50 a.m for Omaha Chicago, Boston. Leave Los Angeles Thursdays; 11:50 a.m for Omaha St. Paul, Chicago. Boston. Leave Los Angeles Fridays; 10:20 p.m for Omaha and Chicago. Leave Los Angeles Satdays; 10:20 p.m for Omaha and Chicago. Vis Portland and the National Park Route: Leave Los Angeles Mondays; 10:20 p.m for Butte, Helena St. Paul. No change of cars between Los Angeles and destination and service is the very best. All trains arrive in Chicago by daylight. A daily first-class service by all these routes running Standard Pullman Sleepers with connections for all parts of the United States Mexico and Canada. First and second class tickets for sale to all railway points in the United States Canada and Mexico and baggage checked through. Round trip tickets to and from Eastern cities and orders so far from the East to Anaheim Steamship passage secured via the "Hamburg-American" line from Galveston to Europe,and tickets sold direct to all ports touched by "Pacific Mail," Oceanic or Occidental Steamers. Our local train service is unexcelled for comfort. Day coaches are equipped with the celebrated S'arriott seats, luxuriously upholstered,and passengers for Los Angeles are landed right in the center of the business part of the city—a first street or commercial street-within a block of the large wholesale houses. Our connection at Mojave for the famous gold mining camp of Randsburg is superb; good hotel at Mojave and elegant stage coaches. Mrs. G. Davis Groceries and Seeds. Informs her customers and the general public that she is prepared to sell goods at the smallest margin possible. She buys for cash and therefore can sell for a very small profit,giving her customers the benefit of low prices. No charge for showing goods or answering questions. Come one,Come all! SEEDS Just Received a Complete Assortment of Fresh Seeds. All Kinds of Produce and Poultry Taken in Exchange FOR THE LAND'S SAKE. USE THE Woodbridge Fertilizers. MANUFACTURED BY Agricultural Chemical Works. 901 WAY ST., LOS ANGELES. E.K.Benchley Agent Fullerton.A.H.Cargill Agent Analcim. T.J.F.BOEGE. Wholesale and Retail Dealer In Choice Wines,Liquors & Cigars Keep always on hand a complete Finest Wines and Liquors or Bottle. Orders by mail promptly attended Goods delivered free of charge. OPPOSITE S.P.DEPOT The Club Saloon Dominick Lieb Proprietor. BEST BRANDS OF Wines,Liquors & Cigars! KEPT ON HAND. BEER ON TAP! Kroeger's Block.- Anaheim. FRITZ RUHMANN'S Germania Halle. BACKS' NEW BUILDING News and Opinions OF National Importance THE SUN Alone CONTAINS BOTH Daily.by mail,- $6 a year Daily.Sunday.by mail,$8 a year A daily first-class service by all these routes, running standard Pullman Sleepers, with connections for all parts of the United States, Mexico and Canada. First and second class tickets for sale to all railway points in the United States, Canada and Mexico; and baggage checked through. Round trip tickets to and from Eastern cities and orders sold from the East to Anaheim. Steamship passage secured via the "Hamburg-American" line from Galveston to Europea, and tickets sold direct to all ports touched by "Pacific Mail," Oceanic or Occidental Steamers. Our local train service is unexcelled for comfort. Day coaches are equipped with the celebrated S arritt seats, luxuriously upholstered, and passengers for Los Angeles are lended right in the center of the business part of the city—a First street or commercial street—within a block of the large wholesale houses. Our connection at Mojave for the famous gold mining camp of Bendiburg; superb; good hotel at Mojave and elegant stage coaches through to the city of gold. Fare from Anaheim to Kandsburg, $7 5. Family communion it kets for sale between Anaheim and Los Angeles, and other local points at greatly reduced rates. Limit, six months. For further information, call at the Southern Pacific depot at Anaheim. T. A. DARLING, Agent A. D. SHEPARD, Asst. Gen Pass., Agt., Los Angeles. 220 South Spring St. JOSEPH BACKS, DEALER IN FURNITURE Repairing Done. Funeral Director. Store in Backs Building (next to irrigation district office), Los Angeles street. J.M. Griffith Company A CORPORATION LUMBER DEALER Neer Railroad Depot, Anaheim, keeper constantly on hand doors, blinds, wind was mounted, posts, shakes, shingles, lath, hair plaster of Paris. NAHEIM GRIST MILLS OPERATING O WEEKdays and Saturdays of each week. Grain, Feed, Mill, Stee. of all varieties Co. Found Hanging AT 5 O'CLOCK IN THE MORNING AROUND Hahn's Stables TO GET HIS TEAM FED. BEST BRANDS OF ALL KINDS OF Wines, Liquors & Cigars! KEPT ON HAND. BEER ON TAP! Kroeger's Block. - Anaheim. FRITZ RUHMANN'S Germania Halle. BACKS' NEW BUILDING LOS ANGELES STREET. KEEPS CONSTANTLY ON HAND A LARGE COMPLETE stock of fresh liquor and cigare. Cold beer always on draught. Roman Wasser Favorite Saloon. Finest of Wines, Liquors & Cigars Pool & Billiard Table Shindler's Building Center St. Anaheim San Diego Deer ON DRAUGHT F. CRIST Merchant Tailor LATEST STOCK OF Winter Suits Suits, $1 up. Paint, $up. Goods of Latest Types. Call and see my stock. Center Street near Opera house. News and Opinions OF National Importance THE SUN Alone CONTAINS BOTH Daily, by mail, - - - $6 a year Daily & Sunday, by mail, $8 a year The Sunday Sun is the greatest Sunday Newspaper in the world. Price 5c.a copy. By mail,$2 a year Address THE SUN, New York. City Stables A. L. LEWIS & CO.. PRECENTER ST. opp. Kroeger Block BICYCLES FOR SALE OR RENT Single and Double Tanks Furnished at short rotten apartment with the country, supplied when required of the public. A. FREISE Wines, Liquors H.A. MAWILLIAMS Contractor Builder.