anaheim-gazette 1897-04-29

CITRUSCULTURE IN ITALY Paper by W. Irving of Riverside, Read by Prof. Longridge at the Anaheim Farmers' Institute. We can hardly speak of the kingdom of Italy without, in imagination, being carried back to the time when Rome was the center and fountain head from which flowed—along with much that was evil—every civilizing influence, until it spread to all the then known parts of the world. While the land we now occupy was yet to continue for fifteen hundred years or more, a "terra incognita," and the peoples from whom we mainly claim our origin, were yet semi-barbarians. Rome was far advanced in the study of the arts of peace and war, and while her more peaceful sons were engaged in constructing enduring temples in commemoration of their faith in their gods, or of their prowess in war, her conquering legions were constructing new empires, out of the barbarous nations which surrounded her on every side. To Rome we owe the fundamental principles of our common law; and without her art, the development of the aesthetic side of our own life would have been less rich, or much retarded in its growth. Italy is situated, geographically, between the 46th and 37th parallels of north latitude, being in this respect about four degrees further north than the State of California. The kingdom is divided into fifteen or sixteen territorial divisions which in the aggregate have an area of a little less than one hundred thousand square miles—just about two-thirds the area of our own State. These divisions are mainly grouped into three parts, having the mountain ranges, in part, as their natural boundaries. North Italy is composed of the provinces of Piedmont, Lombardy, Venetia and Emilia, and is traversed by the great river Po, in an easterly direction, and having many tributaries flowing north and south from the adjacent snow-capped mountains. The valley of the Po, bounded on the north and south by the Alps and Apennines, is the most characteristic valley in Europe, containing as it does, an unbroken plain extending for a distance of one hundred and fifty miles. While this northern part of Italy is more generally prolific of natural products than the southern parts, it is almost wholly unsuited to the cultivation of citrus fruits, because of the winter temperature reaching at times as low as 10 degrees Fahrenheit. It is important to note, however, that on a narrow strip of land lying south of the Appenine mountains, and adjacent to the sea, though actually further north than the parts above described, the orange and lemon is grown to perfection. This goes to show how much local conditions merit. Merit Is what gives Hood's Sarsaparilla its great popularity, its constantly increasing sales, and enables it to accomplish its wonderful and unequalled cures. The combination, proportion and process used in preparing Hood's Sarsaparilla are unknown to other medicines, and make Hood's Sarsaparilla Peculiar to Itself It cures a wide range of diseases because of its power as a blood purifier. It acts directly and positively upon the blood, and the blood reaches every nook and corner of the human system. Thus all the nerves, muscles, bones and tissues come under the beneficent influence of Hood's Sarsaparilla The One True Blood Purifier. $1 per bottle. Hood's Pills cure Liver Ills; easy to take; easy to operate. 250. is very much more refined in its details than in our practice, except in some notable instances with us. The customs of the people of this region have crystallized into laws and regulations concerning the whole range of points and subjects met with in the development of irrigation works and practice, so that we have here a rich mine of data in which we may find principles, and trace the workings and results of principles applicable to, and to be heeded in the formulation of the irrigation code of the future for California." While the refinement of construction and regulation has been attained in connection with the great irrigation works referred to by our author, yet, strange to say, in certain localities where these refinements have not yet reached, the most primitive methods of irrigation still prevail. The value of water is so great for irrigation purposes in these thickly settled portions of Italy, that they do not confine themselves to the natural streams as sources of supply, but excavate wells wherever that is possible, and construct small reservoirs for the catchment of the winter rains. This particular is most interesting as discovering to us here, who are yet so far from having exhausted our natural supplies, how painstaking they are in conserving every possible source of water supply—and how conservative they are in their methods of manipulation. It appears that numerous small winter rainfalls, but making full provision to retain on the soil that falls, by forming basins around each tree. The times of application therefore are whenever the water be procured, or whenever there pens to be a rainfall. In the cases where water is presently available the times of application vary from 15 to 30 days, but amount applied at each irrigation not by them been reduced to any measure by means of which we compare it with our practice. However, that much less water than with us, for the reason that the general opinion much water grades the quality of the fruit. The trees are planted at intervals from 12 to 15 feet; but little regard to the geometrical form or orchard, as the ground in many does not permit of the refinement forms prevailing in this locality; trees thus planted soon form a co- canopy, covering the whole area land, and almost excluding those from the lower body of the trees. The effects of this close plantation liability to "gum" disease, and growth of the vegetable parasites disadvantages, while as advantage is claimed that the fruit thus priced from the direct influence on winds, temperature and hail sometimes is more perfect in other ticulars. With reference to the question "frost protection," it will be ingested to you to know that they subject to low dips of temperature times reaching 18 degrees Fahrenheit have quite a novel method of protecting trees and fruit from frozing of this condition, besides serving good purposes. The close ponds referred to permits branches being interlaced so as on the upper surface a concrete platform on which may be laid; the winter months, any kind of ing material, and thus retain heat which would otherwise enter into the outer spaces. When trees have become matted together above described, any kind of wood will answer as a covering where they are yet further straw matting is employed, surpassing by means of poles laid horizontally from tree to tree. "Smudging" for the purpose protection is not resorted to, so reported. It is yet a question whether or not she sulting from the use of these deeds a fair equivalent for the expected in their use. The orange and lemon tree is grown on sour stock; this practice followed for the reason that sour stock is less liable to gum and foot rot. The trees, during the early years of their growth, receive care treatment but, just as with us, the north and south by the Aips and Appenines, is the most characteristic valley in Europe, containing as it does, an unbroken plain extending for a distance of one hundred and fifty miles. While this northern part of Italy is more generally prolific of natural products than the southern parts, it is almost wholly insuited to the cultivation of citrus fruits, because of the winter temperature reaching at times as low as 10 degrees Fahr. It is important to note, however, that on a narrow strip of land lying south of the Appenine mountains, and adjacent to the sea, though actually further north than the parts above described, the orange and lemon is grown to perfection. This goes to show how much local conditions must be considered in determining what best to plant. While many portions of the central and southerly parts of the kingdom are devoted to the culture of citrus fruits, the island of Sicily is considered, par excellence, the home of the lemon and orange, and it will be to this portion of the kingdom of Italy that we will now confine our consideration. It is assumed that the citrus fruits were introduced into Sicily and other parts of Italy, about 700 years ago, by the Arabs. The expansion of the industry, until a very recent period, was very slow, because of the avenues of trade being yet unopened, and the poverty of the people limiting local consumption. In recent years, however, a very great expansion has taken place. In the province of Palermo the area devoted to the cultivation of these fruits has increased about 500 per cent in two decades. The total value of the exports from the whole of Italy, of citrus fruits in their natural state, must now be about ten million dollars per annum. It is a notable circumstance in this connection, that the importation into the United States from all parts of the world, of citrus and all other kinds of fruits, has decreased in value from about twenty-six million dollars in the year 1891 to a little over seventeen million dollars in 1895. This effect is almost wholly due to the development of the fruit industry in California. The physical condition of topography of the lands devoted to citrus fruit culture in Sicily, is very similar to that of our own State. On the north and west of the island the surfaces are broken up into rolling hills and steep cliffs, and it is on the terraced faces of these slopes that much of the fruit is grown. The soil, from long cultivation, has become impoverished of its natural plant foods, and in consequence constant fertilization is resorted to, to make good the loss. The use of artificial fertilizers is almost unknown, and the additional plant food is almost wholly provided by the use of cow manure. It would seem impossible for us to confine ourselves to this form of fertilizer, however perfect it may be, because of its quantity being out of all proportion to our needs, but when we consider that on the average there are 352 persons to each square mile of the total land within the province of Palermo, we can fairly assume that each family must find its sustenance from the cultivation of a few acres only, and if, as is usual in most parts of the rural districts of Europe, the domestic animals are a common adjunct to the family possessions, we can at least imagine how this product may be possible to them, while not to us. The climate of Palermo is much modified by its proximity to the sea, making the extremes of temperature less marked than with us in the southern part of the State, although Los Angeles is four degrees further south than the city of Palermo. Notwithstanding this generally favorable climatic condition frosts do occur and a where these rennements have not yet reached, the most primitive methods of irrigation still prevail. The value of water is so great for irrigation purposes in these thickly settled portions of Italy, that they do not confine themselves to the natural streams as sources of supply, but excavate wells wherever that is possible, and construct small reservoirs for the catchment of the winter rains. This particular is most interesting as discovering to us here, who are yet so far from having exhausted our natural supplies, how painstaking they are in conserving every possible source of water supply—and how conservative they are in their methods of manipulation. It appears that numerous small eisterns are built of strong masonry along the head line of the small subdivisions of land, into which the storm water of the winter months is conveyed and preserved for use during the rainless portion of the year. In other cases wells are excavated, and when water for irrigation is required, the most ancient methods of raising the water to the surface are resorted to, one of which is the endless rope around two wheels, to which is attached at intervals earthen jars, alternately dipping into the water below and charging into a suitable receptacle above. Some of you may have used a modernized application of the same principle, some years ago, in the "chain pump." This of course only refers to certain districts. In the neighborhood of rivers and streams the water is conveyed from the main sources in well constructed canals, and from thence, in some cases, in wooden flumes to the lands to be irrigated. With reference to the ownership of the irrigation waters and the laws governing their use, Italy has developed a most rigid and comprehensive system of supervision in harmony with the importance of the interests involved. It appears that during the early Roman period waters used for the purpose of irrigation, or any other purpose, were held as the common property of all the people, just as we find it-day in certain parts of Spain. But in the conflict of contending masterships the people's rights for a time became subordinated to a new system of land tenure, under which none but persons of noble birth could hold property in their own right. Hence the waters of all streams became the property of the great feudal lords. After many changes in the regulations and in the theory of ownership, people in the meanwhile struggling to retain their ancient rights, present government of Italy promulgated the civil code of Victor Emanuel, under which it is held that all running waters, except very small streams, are the property of the government representing the people as nation. This new code recognizes the validity of all vested interests and rights acquired previous to its enactment, but claims complete supervision over all such as well as over all new works projected subsequent to its enactment. The effect of this is practically that no change in the use of irrigation waters, either old or new systems, can be made without first receiving the sanction of national authorities. Generally, and which is of particular importance to us to note, the government takes such supervision of all waters affecting the use of water from public streams, for any purposes, that no existing interest can be made to suffer impairment unless it can be shown that the public interest will be more fully satisfied thereby. With reference to the ownership of the lands on which the citrus fruits are grown in the neighborhood of Palermo it appears that much where they are yet further straw matting is employed, surpassed by means of poles laid horizontally from tree to tree. "Smudging" for the purpose protection is not resorted to; so reported. It is yet a question whether or not she sulting from the use of these dawn fair equivalent for the expected tail in their use. The orange and lemon tree is grown on sour stock; this practice followed for the reason that sour stock is less liable to gum and foot rot. The trees during the early years growth receive care treatment but, just as with us, they vary as to the work of pruning amount of water needed for irrigation and the method of cultivation soil. The following quotation from a late report will give you some insight into these respects; including reference to "frost protection." "This grove is a very good site for use of straw shelter," gathered fromthe photos. Shelters are straw-covered hurdles piled from wires fastened to say twenty to twenty-five feet. These straw hurdles are two long and one three-fourth wide. This particular grove these shelters are used contain 4000 trees and cost this year was 40,000 francs,and will last years. These shelters are a prune from frost,and are removed in later time. At Sorrento they parently much troubled by fire January,February,and March year,much ofthe crop was lostof these coverings." And then with reference to other mattersit goes say: "They hoethe grove over year in May,take care in basins round allthe trees.Tare standards,bear 36 yearest planted four spaces apart,and lowest branches about threefeetthe ground.Windfallsand hoedin underthe surface.The sufferfromgum disease.This edied by cutting awaythe partsand leavingthem exposedGreat careis takeninhandfruit,and thoseengagedinthepickinghavebecomeexperienced,practice,so thattheycanwith certaintythe differentfruit theyareorderedto pick. The fruitis pickedbyfirst:"it从the树andafterwarmingthe stemwithaknifepickingthefruitisimmediatelypedinpaper,theincoselementtothepreservationkeepingqualities.Afterthetransferredtothepackinghhe immediate shipmentitiscareminedandallinferiorfruitandtheremainderrewrapped;eachboxcontainingeither36lemmons. Itis further claimedthat sortingoffruit,thejudgmentemployedintheworkbecomesfectthat,theinferiorfruitfoundmixedwiththehigherproductinlemonsfrieetislessthanwouldhavehedfromtreesofmatureage.beingconsideredahighaverable The much discussed questioning"isasmuchanopenquestionthepeopleinItalywiththeonlyprocessundergonelememondsduringtheintervalharvestingandshipping,theinginawellventilatedbuiltkeepingeachindividuallemondedinawrapperofpaper. 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Community Where Freshwater Is Produced From Freshwater Supply To Market For Sale By Distributors And Retailers For Home Use In The Community Where Fresh The climate of Palermo is much modified by its proximity to the sea, making the extremes of temperature less marked than with us in the southern part of the State, although Los Angeles is four degrees further south than the city of Palermo. Notwithstanding this generally favorable climatic condition, frosts do occur, and a fall of snow amidst the orange groves occasionally takes place. As with us, the snow is visible on the higher mountain peaks until June and July. Instead of our "Norther" they have the more destructive "Sirocco," which blows from the south and is characterized as an oppressive, parching, hot, dry wind, blowing strongly from the south, the atmosphere remaining through the whole period of its duration, leaden-colored and hazy in consequence of the presence of immense quantities of reddish dust. It occurs most frequently in April, May and September, but no month is entirely free from it. Three days are the longest period for which it lasts. The annual rainfall is greater than with us in the southern part of this State, but, as with us, no rainfall occurs during the hot months of June, July and August. Irrigation, therefore, is absolutely required for the successful cultivation of the citrus fruits. While the cultivation of citrus fruits in Italy extends back for about five hundred years, the use of water for irrigating other products has a much longer history. The earliest recorded laws dealing with the use of water for this purpose dates from the tenth century. Quoting from a recent author dealing with the general question of irrigation in Italy, who writes: "Irrigation in this region was probably commenced by the Romans, but the greater works of the country date since the tenth century. Most of them were built after the fourteenth and before the beginning of the present century, while several notable ones, and the one of chief importance, have been constructed during the present generation. These works are constructed in the most substantial manner, with stone-riveted banks in many places, and with masonry headworks, bridges, outlets, sluiceways, overfalls, syphons and other structures. The volumes of water handled far exceed any conducted and distributed in this country, and the practice of irrigation projected subsequent to its enactment. The effect of this is, practically, that no change in the use of irrigation waters, either of the old or new systems, can be made without first receiving the sanction of the national authorities. Generally, and which is of particular importance to us to note, the government takes such supervision of all waters affecting the use of water from public streams, for any purposes, that no existing interest can be made to suffer impairment, unless it can be shown that the public interest will be more fully satisfied thereby. With reference to the ownership of the lands on which the citrus fruits are grown in the neighborhood of Palermo, it appears that much of it is owned by the richer classes and by them "farmed" out to the poorer people on certain percentage of profits. Because of this relation, the same interest, in the care of lands, is not taken by them as with us in California. In this connection it can be claimed, so far as information has yet reached us, that greater care and interest is taken in Southern California in the cultivation of the soil, in connection with citrus fruit products, than in any other part of the Union or the world. The use of modern implements of husbandry is almost wholly unknown in the districts of Palermo, and such cultivation as the soil receives is done by manual labor with the spade and hoe. The mode of irrigation varies between the "basin" and "furrow" system. The latter, however, must not be considered as similar to the "furrow" system of this or neighboring localities, as it is in reality only another form of the basin method, as the water is retained in the deep furrows until it is all absorbed by the land. We should take no exception to this method of irrigation until we are prepared to point out its defects; its advantages are certainly in favor of the economical use of water, and a lessened risk of washing out the fertilizers from the soil. In this connection it will be well to point out how very objectionable it is to permit, under the furrow system, a large or any "run off" of the irrigation waters. It is wholly a mistake to assume that irrigation cannot be successfully accomplished without wasting some portion of the water. It is being done by some irrigators without waste, why not by all? With reference to the amount of water applied to the lands, and the intervals of time between irrigations, no well established theory or practice has been adopted in Palermo. It is quite evident that the amount of water used is contingent on the supply, some localities having to depend wholly on The product in lemons frie tree is less than we would have from trees of mature age, being considered a high average. The much discussed question "is as much an open question" is as much an open question as people in Italy as with them. The only process undergone lemmons during the interval harvesting and shipping, is that ing in a well ventilated building keeping each individual lemoned in a wrapper of paper. The marketing of the fruit wholly left to men who underexist risk of packing, transporting selling, on their own account first made contracts with the fruit to purchase at some fixed 1000. This price to the grower as with us, from 30 cents to $3 according to the quality of and the demands of the market. Americans are the most people on earth. To them he issued nearly 600,000 patents, than one-third of all the patented in the world. No discovery or years has been of greater barkkind than Chamberlain Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy done more to relieve pain and J. W. Vaugn, of Oakton, K." I have used Chamberlain Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy family for several years, and I be best medicine I have ever for cramps in the stomach and For sale by P. A. Derge. winter rainfalls, but making care-provision to retain on the soil all falls, by forming basins around the tree. The times of application, before, are whenever the water can be procured, or whenever there happens to be a rainfall. In the cases where water is permanently available the times of application vary from 15 to 30 days, but the amount applied at each irrigation has by them been reduced to any form measure by means of which we may prepare it with our practice. I infer, never, that much less water is used in with us, for the reason that it is a general opinion much water depletes the quality of the fruit. The trees are planted at intervals of 12 to 15 feet; but little regard is given to the geometrical form of the hedard, as the ground in many places is not permit of the refinements of trees prevailing in this locality. The trees thus planted soon form a complete copy, covering the whole area of the hedard, and almost excluding the light on the lower body of the trees. The effects of this close planting are liable to "gum" disease, and the growth of the vegetable parasite as advantages, while as advantages it claimed that the fruit thus protection from the direct influence of light, winds, temperature and hailstorms, sometimes, is more perfect in quality than liable to damage in other pariars. With reference to the question of pest protection," it will be interesting to you know that they are subject to low dips of temperature, sometimes reaching 18 degrees Fahrenheit, and are quite a novel method of protecting the trees and fruit from the effects of this condition, besides serving other purposes. The close planting have referred to permits of the branches being interlaced so as to form the upper surface a continuous platform on which may be laid, during winter months, any kind of cover material, and thus retaining the heat which would otherwise escape to the outer spaces. Where the trees have become matted together, as have described, any kind of brushwood will answer as a covering, but where they are yet further apart, saw matting is employed, supported by means of poles laid horizontally from tree to tree. "Smudging" for the purpose of frost protection is not resorted to, so far as reported. It is yet a question with the answer whether or not the saving resting from the use of these devices is fair equivalent for the expense eniled in their use. The orange and lemon tree is usually grown on sour stock; this practice followed for the reason that the sour stock is less liable to gum disease and foot rot. The trees, during the early history their growth, receive careful attention, but just as with us, the practice ORANGE COUNTY. Interesting Historical Sketch of the Gem of Southern Counties. L. M. Holt in Los Angeles Herald. Originally Orange county was a portion of Los Angeles county, but during the legislative session of 1889 a bill was passed creating the new county of Orange, which included within its limits all that southeast portion of Los Angeles county located to the southeast of Coyote creek. In 1880 the territory now included in Orange county had a population of 5,-575. In 1890, the year after the formation of the county, the federal census showed a population of 13,600, an increase of 244 per cent. The school census of 1896 shows Orange county to have a population of 21,547, an increase in six years of 58 per cent. But one other county in the State—Ventura—has grown in population more rapidly during the past six years than has Orange. The old San Juan Capistrano mission was founded in 1775, but it was not finally completed until 1806. It is the oldest settlement in the county. This mission was destroyed by an earthquake on December 8, 1812, at which time services were being held in the mission and forty-nine dead bodies were taken from the ruins. The population of that section at that time was 1361—mostly Mexicans and Indians. THE "MOTHER COLONY." Anaheim is the oldest town in the county, having been settled by the Germans in 1858. The colony took up and occupied 1100 acres of land and placed a family on each 20-acre tract. Anaheim has the honor oi being called the "Mother Colony" of Southern California. The colony built a ditch to take water for irrigation purposes from the Santa Ana river. The ditch was cheaply constructed through the sandy river bottom, and wasted more water than the people used. They usually took during the summer season all the water that there was in the river at the point of diversion, although there was an older ditch—the Yorba—a little farther up the river, and this had first right. The people of Anaheim generally had enough water except in dry seasons, when the wastage was so great in the river bottom that there was at times a scant supply for the German colony. Originally the German colonists devoted their lands almost exclusively to the growing of the wine grape. Wineries were numerous, but small. The Germans were thrifty, and generally well-to-do. Anaheim was an oasis in a desert, for the whole country round about the colony was devoted to sheep and cattle, and early settlers in Southern California months ago there was nothing there. A vigorous business center has now sprung into existence, backed by the sugar beet interests. There have been 3500 acres planted to beets present year. The Puente oil district is in Orange county. The oil is now piped to the town of Chino, in San Bernardino county, where a refinery has been erected. About forty per cent of the oil is refined and the remainder is used for fuel for the sugar beet factory. To the east of the Puente oil territory, just north of Placentia, the Santa Fe company have recently been prospecting for oil, and have found an abundant supply in their first well at a depth of about 500 feet. Work is to be commenced at once on other wells, and the company expect to rely on this new oil territory under their own control for the fuel that is to run their engines in future—at least to a large extent. While Orange county is the smallest county in the State in area, it is one of the most prosperous. The mortgage debt of the State is 15½ per cent of its assessed valuation. The mortgage debt of Southern California is only 1¼ per cent of its assessed valuation, while the mortgage debt of Orange county is only 3¾ per cent of its assessed valuation, the percentage being lower than that of any other of the counties of State. It is also claimed that the exports of Orange county are exceeded by only one other county in Southern California, and that one exception is the county of Los Angeles. MUD BATHS. How the Mushlike Mixture Is Prepared For The Patients. "The hot springs of New Mexico," says a gentleman from Las Vegas, "are on the Santa Fe railroad, six miles from Las Vegas, and they are situated in a basin about 30 acres in extent, surrounded on all sides by hills rising to a height of from 800 to 400 feet, shielding the place from wind and sand storms. The mud baths which are famous for their curative effects are only to be had in two places in the world—here and at Carlsbad, Germany—and it has been shown that the mud found at the hot springs of New Mexico and which is used in giving the baths is of same chemical composition as that of Carlsbad. It is very interesting to note the formation of this mud or peat. It is formed by the vegetation which has been washed down from the hills probably a century ago, and which, settling among the rocks, has become decomposed and formed into a substance which is practically carbon impregnated with salts, magnesia, soda, lithia and various other ingredients. “This peat is gathered from the rocks, dried and put through a fine sieve in order to remove the silicates and after There they are yet further apart, saw matting is employed, supported means of poles laid horizontally from tree to tree. "Smudging" for the purpose of frost protection is not resorted to, so far as reported. It is yet a question with the answer whether or not the saving resting from the use of these devices is their equivalent for the expense enclosed in their use. The orange and lemon tree is usually grown on sour stock; this practice be followed for the reason that the fruit stock is less liable to gum disease and foot rot. The trees, during the early history their growth, receive careful attention, but just as with us, the practice arises to the work of pruning, the amount of water needed for irrigation, and the method of cultivation of the soil. The following quotation from a private report will give you some idea of the practice in these respects, and also including the reference to "frost protection." This grove is a very good example of the use of straw shelter, as will be referred from the photos. These shelters are straw-covered hurdles, suspended from wires fastened to props, by twenty to twenty-five feet high. These straw hurdles are two yards long and one and three-fourth yards wide. This particular grove in which these shelters are used, contains about 1000 trees and the cost of this covering is 40,000 francs, and will last about 18 years. These shelters are a protection from frost, and are removed in the summer time. At Sorrento they are apparently much troubled by frost. In January, February and March of last year, much of the crop was lost in spite of these coverings." And then with reference to cultivation and other matters, it goes on to say: "They hoe the grove over once a year in May, and take care to leave its standards, about 36 years old. Wanted four paces apart, and with the lowest branches about three feet from the ground. Windfalls and culls are used in under the surface. The trees suffer from gum disease. This is remedied by cutting away the affected parts and leaving them exposed." Great care is taken in handling the fruit, and those engaged in the work oficking have become expert, by long practice, so that they can estimate with certainty the different sizes of fruit they are ordered to pick. The fruit is picked by first "jerking" from the tree and afterwards trimming the stem with a knife. After picking the fruit is immediately wrapped in paper, this being considered essential to the preservation of its keeping qualities. After the fruit is transferred to the packing houses for immediate shipment it is carefully examined and all inferior fruit removed, and the remainder rewrapped and boxed; each box containing either 300 or 500 lemons. It is further claimed that in this sorting of fruit, the judgment of those employed in the work becomes so perfect that the inferior fruit is seldom mixed with the higher grades. The product in lemons from each tree is less than we would have expected from trees of mature age, 1000 only being considered a high average. The much discussed question of "curing" is as much an open question with one people in Italy as with us here. The only process undergone by the lemons during the interval between harvesting and shipping, is that of storing in a well ventilated building, but keeping each individual lemon enclosed in a wrapper of paper. The marketing of the fruit is almost helpless left to men who undertake all tasks at the point of diversion, although there was an older ditch—the Yorba—a little farther up the river, and this had the first right. The people of Anaheim generally had enough water except in dry seasons, when the wastage was so great in the river bottom that there was at times a scant supply for the German colony. Originally the German colonists devoted their lands almost exclusively to the growing of the wine grape. Wineries were numerous, but small. The Germans were thrifty, and generally well-to-do. Anaheim was an oasis in a desert, for the whole country round about the colony was devoted to sheep and cattle, and early settlers in Southern California well remember that looking over the bare plains off in the distance they could see a cluster of poplar trees—the only obstacle except the surrounding hills, to break the monotony of the landscape. The poplar trees were planted along the streets of Anaheim. In 1875 the people residing on the plains to the northeast of Anaheim formed a company to build what was then known as the Cajon ditch, taking water out of the Santa Ana river at Bedrock canyon. William M. McFadden and R. H. Gilman were leading spirits in this enterprise. The new ditch was built on higher and more solid ground, so that the loss by seepage was comparatively small. At a later date the Cajon Ditch company and the Anaheim Canal company were consolidated in the Anaheim Union Water company, and the Cajon ditch was enlarged and improved, so as to supply water to this entire section of country, and the old Anaheim canal up through the river bed was abandoned. In 1888 the Anaheim Irrigation district was formed under the Wright law, and it was proposed to transfer the property of the Anaheim Union Water company to the district, but on account of uncertainties of the law which was pending so long before the United States Supreme Court, this program was abandoned, and the district was disorganized. This Union Water company now has a bonded indebtedness of about $150,000, and supplies water to some 12,000 acres of land. Stock in the company, carrying with it a good water right can yet be purchased to a limited extent at from $12 to $15 per acre, and it is a strange fact that all of that can be had at that price is rapidly taken up. Anaheim to-day supports the oldest paper south of Tehachepi Pass—with one exception. The San Diego Union is the oldest paper, and the ANAHEIM GAZETTE comes next. It was established in 1870, and for many years it was edited by that popular newspaper man, Richard Melrose, who made enough money at the newspaper business so he could afford to practice law. He still lives in Anaheim. The GAZETTE is now published by Henry and Chas. Kuchel. On the Santa Fe line three miles north of Anaheim is one of most flourishing towns in the county. The place was named after George H. Fullerton of Riverside, who was actively engaged in real estate operations in connection with the Santa Fe management for several years. Fullerton now supports a good bank, a large and well-kept hotel, and many business houses, some of which would do credit to a much larger place. The railroad station at Fullerton does a very large business, and the shipments are principally oranges, lemons, walnuts, cabages and grain and hay. Westminster is located to the west of Anaheim in a country that is mostly devoted to the dairying business. VARIOUS PRODUCTS. To the south of Westminster is a Carlsbad, Germany—and it has been shown that the mud found at the hot springs of New Mexico and which is used in giving the baths is of same chemical composition as that of Carlsbad. It is very interesting to note the formation of this mud or peat. It is formed by the vegetation which has been washed down from the hills probably a century ago, and which settling among the rocks, has become decomposed and formed into a substance which is practically carbon impregnated with salts, magnesia, soda, lithia and various other ingredients. “This peat is gathered from the rocks, dried and put through a fine sieve in order to remove the silicates, and after this treatment it is soft as flour. It is then taken to the mixing room, where it is put in large tubs and the water from the hot springs mixed with it until it is of about the consistency of mush. The mud is now ready for use, and it is taken into the bathing room, where the patient is placed in a tub and covered, with the exception of the head, and allowed to remain in the mud for from 10 to 35 minutes. The application of the mud has an effect similar to a mild poullette and draws its impurities from the body through the pores of the skin. The patient is then removed from the bath, placed upon a slab and submitted to a vigorous rubbing, the chemical composition of the mud being such that it can be rubbed from the body with a dry towel, leavingthe flesh in a clean condition. A great many people come to this place to take the mud bath treatment, and some marvelous cures are effected. In one instance I remember to have seen a man who was all drawn up with rheumatism, and after two weeks of this treatment he had been relieved. The treatment is especially beneficial to persons afflicted with neuralgia,rheumatism and skin diseases."—Denver Republican. QUEER TRADE. A Chicago Man Makes Money as a Professional Lemon Peeler. A man has earned the title of Lemon John because he knows how to removethe peel from lemons and prepare them for immediate use better, perhaps than any other man. He developed what he regards as an art in a West Side saloon. He practices it now in as many saloonsin the down town districts as he can visit between midnight and dawn. He is a short, thickset unassuming personage and as methodical as he is deft with his sharp little knife. He enters a saloon with a mere nod of recognition towardthe officiating dispenser, steps hastilyup to a cornerofa bar，reaches out mechanicallyfor his suppliesand getsdowntobusinessat once.A lemonin his hands seemstobeinthepowerofa magicianandlosesitshard,t thickcoveringwithaswiftnessandslicernessthatneverfailtoastishanunsophisticated spectator.Ite emergesfromthedealwithonlythefilmywhitecoveringthatcomprisestheinnerlayerofthepeel,andthiscoveringwhenJohnisathisbest,nevershowsasar scratchortaear.Thefinished lemon looksas ifithadbeensubjecttosomemachineapplication.Theprocessisrepeateduntilthestockoflemonsinthesaloonestimatedastheprobablesupplyforthedayhasbeen exhausted。ThenJohnproceedstothenextpatron. Saloon keepersusealargenumberoflemons,andordinarilythepreparation The product in lemons from each tree is less than we would have expected from trees of mature age, 1000 only being considered a high average. The much discussed question of "curing" is as much an open question with the people in Italy as with us here. The only process undergone by the lemons during the interval between harvesting and shipping, is that of storing in a well ventilated building, but keeping each individual lemon enclosed in a wrapper of paper. The marketing of the fruit is almost holly left to men who undertake all risk of packing, transportation, and selling, on their own account, having first made contracts with the owners of fruit to purchase at some fixed rate per 1000. This price to the grower varies with us, from 30 cents to $3 per box, according to the quality of the fruit and the demands of the market. VARIOUS PRODUCTS. To the south of Westminster is a large tract of peat lands which are being devoted to the cultivation of celery on a large scale. This industry was begun on a small scale in 1891, and there are now 300 acres devoted to celery. The output this season will be about 500 carloads, and the profits are very satisfactory. The assessor's books of the county show the acreage planted to grain during the years 1895 and 1896 as follows: - 1895: 1896 - Wheat: 684, 1,650 - Oats: 156, 260 - Barley: 47,156, 50,610 - Corn: 2,523, 4,775 - Hay: 10,547, 10,800 The following figures give the number of fruit trees, bearing and non-bearing, in the county: Non-Bearing. Bearing Apples: 8,348, 14,673 Apricot: 40,505, 54,370 Fig.: 4,160, 1,608 Olive: 5,235, 32,563 Peach: 8,975, 28,673 Pear: 3,262, 3,489 Prune: 26,630, 28,567 Lemon: 7,046, 51,896 Orange: 132,410, 94,620 Almond: 400, 2,065 Walnut: 60,807, 76,416 Total trees: 297,778, 388,941 Allowing one hundred trees to the acre, there are about 3000 acres of orchard in bearing and 3900 acres to come into bearing, making a total of nearly 7000 acres planted. THE SUGAR BEET. The great coming industry of Southern California—the sugar beet—has taken a firm hold in this county the present year at Los Alamitos, where a sugar beet factory is now in process of erection, to have a capacity this season of 300 tons per day and next season of 800 tons per day, the same as the Chino factory. Los Alamitos is a new town. Six magician and loses its hard, thick covering with a swiftness and slickness that never fail to astonish an unsophisticated spectator. It emerges from the ordeal with only the filmy white covering that comprises the inner layer of the peel, and this covering, when John is at his best, never shows a scratch or a tear. The finished lemon looks as if it had been subjected to some machine application. This process is repeated until the stock of lemons in the saloon estimated as the probable supply for the day has been exhausted. Then John proceeds to the next patron. Saloon keepers use a large number of lemons, and ordinarily their preparation for use is made by the barkeeper at the time he may be mixing a drink. Then he has not the time nor the skill to remove the bitter peel, and it often spoils the taste of an otherwise pleasant beverage. When John appeared on the scene and offered to do this work at a nominal cost, first one and then another gave him a trial, until his business is flourishing and apparently a monopoly. Chicago Times-Herald. THE DREADED CONSUMPTION CAN BE CURED. T. A. Slocum, M. C., the Great Chemist and Scientist Will Send Free Three Bottles of His Newly Discovered Remedies to Sufferers. EDITOR GAZETTE — I have discovered a reliable cure for Consumption and all Bronchial Throat and Lung Diseases. General Decline, Loss of Flesh and All Conditions of Wasting Away. By its timely use thousands of apparently hopeless cases have been cured. So proof positive am I of its power to cure that to make its merits known, I will send free, to any afflicted reader of your paper; three bottles of my Newly Discovered Remedies upon receipt of Express and Postoffice address T. A. Slocum, M. C., 98 Pine Street, New York. When writing the Doctor, please mention this paper. 900 DROPS CASTORIA A Vegetable Preparation for Assimilating the Food and Regulating the Stomachs and Bowels of INFANTS CHILDREN Promotes Digestion, Cheerfulness and Rest. Contains neither Opium, Morphine nor Mineral. NOT NARCOTIC. Recipe of Old Dr. SAMUEL PITCHER Pumpkin Seed - Alk. Sugar - Rochelle Salts - Anise Seed - Peppermint - Bit Carboman Soda - Worm Seed - Clorhid Sugar - Whiskey Flavor A perfect Remedy for Constipation, Sour Stomach, Diarrhoea, Worms, Convulsions, Feverishness and Loss of Sleep. Fac Simile Signature of Charles H. Flitchner NEW YORK. At 6 months old 35 Doses – 35 CENTS EXACT COPY OF WRAPPER. SEE THAT THE FAC-SIMILE SIGNATURE OF Charles H. Flitchner IS ON THE WRAPPER OF EVERY BOTTLE OF CASTORIA Castoria is put up in one-size bottles only. It is not sold in bulk. Don't allow anyone to sell you anything else on the plea or promise that it is "just as good" and "will answer every purpose." See that you get C-A-S-T-O-R-I-A. The fac-simile signature of Charles H. Flitchner is on every wrapper. ALL WOOLENS BLANKETS. Laces and Fancy Articles WASHED WITH "OUR OWN MAKE" WOOL SOAP Entirely by Hand! A SPECIALTY OF WASHING AND PRESSING MEN'S SUITS. Entire satisfaction guaranteed. Wagon calls for and delivers free to any part of town on Mondays and Fridays. W. FRANZZ, Agent. FRED PRESSEL Blacksmithing AND... Wagon - Making. Horse-Shoeing a Specialty. AGENT FOR... TULOL, (HOOFCOOL STUFFING.) Superior to anything for stuffing horses' feet. It keeps the frog soft and the hood tough and draws fever from the foot. Guaranteed to prevent corn, fever in feet, brittle hoof, etc. 10 pound can, $1.25. Try it. Shop on Center Street, opposite Metropolitan Stock. St. Louis Barber Shop. Pool and Billiard Room. Los Angeles Street. Anahiem. FRANK BAUM, PROPRIETOR. A fine stock of Cigars, Tobacco and Candles always on hand. Agent fuer Forni's Alnenkraeuter Blutbeleher. N HART'S PLACE. DEALER IN.... FINE LIQUORS! AND... Choice Wines FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES. Fine Domestic and Imported Cigars. Hart's Building, Center St., ... Anahiem, Cal ANAHEIM BREWERY! BEST with a big B. Blackwell's Genuine Bull Durham is in a class by itself. You will find one coupon inside each two ounce bag, and two coupons inside each four ounce bag of Blackwell’s Genuine Durham Smoking Tobacco Buy a bag of this celebrated tobacco and read the coupon—which gives a list of valuable presents and how to get them. Beware of Fraud and Fraudulent Statements. There are at least 6 manufacturers of fertilizers in Southern California selling Compiete Manufactured Fertilizers. Anyone claiming that he is the “ONLY ONE” makes a fraudulent statement. Beware of such attempts to gull the public. We sell a fertilizer made of the highest grade materials and of the following analysis: Phosphoric Acid...8 to 11 per cent. Phos. Acid (soluble and available)...6 to 8 "" Nitrogen, estimated as Ammonia...3.5 to 4.5 "" Sulphate of Potash...0.25 to 11" Potash (K2O)...5 to 6" At $33 per ton f.o.b. Los Angeles. Or in Carload lots delivered at any station in California. Why pay $3 per cent more for imported goods than for a California make. Keep the money at home: The Agricultural Chemical Works, 901-907 Macy St., Los Angeles THE ONLY FIRST-CLASS RESTAURANT IN TOWNIn Connection with the Boston Bakery. STEPHEN KISTLER, PROPRIETOR The finest stock of candies in town. Also a Soda Fountain and will serve ice cream soda. Wedding cakes, etc., a specialty. E. L. BENTZ & CO. Wholesale and Retail Butchers FINE LIQUORS! AND Choice Wines FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES, Fine Domestic and Imported Cigars Hart’s Building, Center St., Anaheim, Cal ANAHEIM BREWERY! F. COMRAD, Proprietor. Lager Beer furnished by the Bottle or 5 qr 16-gallon key. ICE FOR SALE. 1 Cent Per Pound. T. J. F. BOEGE. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Choice Wines, Liquors & Cigars Keeps always on hand a complete stock of the Finest Wines and Liquors. By the Keg, Oatlon or Bottle. Orders by mail promptly attended to. Goods delivered free of charge. OPPOSITE S. P. DEPOT. ANAHEIM J.M.Griffith Company A CORPORATION LUMBER DEALERS Neer Railroad Depot, Anaheim, keep constantly on hand Doors, Billings, Windows, Mouldings, Posts, Shakes, Shingles, Lath, Hair Plaster of Paris. ANAHEIM GRIST MILLS OPERATING ON Wednesdays and Saturdays of each week Grain, Feed, Meal, Etc., of all varieties, Corn shelled and shipped. H. P. LARSEN, CONTRACTOR & BUILDER. Estimates given Contracts made and do a general obling business. The Sun. The first of American Newspapers, CHAS, A. DANA, editor. The American Constitution, the American Idea, the American Spirit. These first, last, and all the time, forever. Daily, by mail,... $6 a year Daily and Sunday, by mail, $8 a year The Sunday Sun is the greatest Sunday Newspaper in the world. Price $2 a copy. By mail $2 a year In Connection with the Boston Bakery. STEPHEN KISTLER, PROPRIETOR The finest stock of candies in town. Also a Soda Fountain and will serve ice cream soda. Wedding cakes, etc., a specialty. E. L. BENTZ & CO. Wholesale and Retail Butchers Anaheim, Cal. Dealers in Beef, Pork, Mutton, Veal, Sausages and Lara Of Our Own Make Highest Market price Paid for Live Stock! REMEMBER US FOR GOOD COFFEES AND TEAS. Our 50c. Uncolored Japan Tea! Is Delicious In the Cup. WM. BOYD & SON. F. BACKS, UNDERTAKER And Dealer in FURNITURE. Wall Paper, Cornices, Window Shades, Picture Frames, Upholstery Goods, Paints, Oils and Gloss Sewing Machine Supplies, Etc. Corner Los Angeles and Chartres Bts CITY RESTAURANT! F. F. SADELIUS, HENRY WUESTEFELD, PROPRIETORS. Backs Block, Center Street, Anaheim Having purchased the City Restaurant from C. A. Calmar, we take this means of informing our friends and the public generally that we shall completely renovate the premises and continue the business as the old stand. Our table will be supplied with the best the market affords and our rates will be the lowest. Our specialty is Short Order and OYSTERS IN EVERY STYLE. Meals served at all hours, from 5 a.m. to 12 p.m. febll-1m*