oc-plain-dealer 1924-06-04

GROWTH OF ANAHEIM SHOWN BY CENSUS Total in 1910 was 2,638 For Year 1920 was 5,525 Today Estimated at 12,000 Mail your Plain Dealer to Eastern Friends. It may bring them to Anaheim, fastest growing city in Orange County. PRICE Three Gents Per Copy $2 year in No. Orange co. LINK FRANKS' SLU Roberts Bring Back Gloomy Pi ANAHEIMERS ABROAD SIX MONTHS Industry Moderately Active with Stores Busy; People Extravagant Strike at School for Disabled Vets BALTIMORE, June 4—The strike of disabled veterans at the veterans' bureau vocational training school, Perryville, Mo., broke out afresh today with charges that resident physicians had indirectly caused the death of at least one baby because they would not care for a woman about to become a mother. Formal demand was served upon Major Edward Hale, director of the school, for a promise of medical attention to the trainees and their families before the strike ends. Eighty-six veterans are on strike, refusing to attend classes or answer calls of the officers. DAUGHERTY CHALLENGES COMMITTEE Defies Inquirers, Citizen Experience of Brother, Mel Daugherty WASHINGTON, June 4—Former Atty, Bun Harry M. Daughert INDUSTRY MODERATELY ACTIVE WITH STORES BUSY; PEOPLE EXTravagant A mournful picture of conditions in Germany and central Europe generally is brought back by Theodore Roberts, well known Alandmen, who with Mrs. Roberts returned last evening from a monthly trip abroad. The couple received a warm welcome from their friends and relatives, the Roberts home at 615 West Center-at being adorned with cut flowers and with "Welcome" written in ferns across the front of the house within the porch. A party of friends and relatives also greeted them last night in their cars at the S. P. station in Los Angeles and brought them here. The party included Mrs. Stroka, mother of Mrs. Roberts, Theodore, Jr., and Joe Roberts, the two sons, Pritz Horbach, Frank Elizabeth and Katherine Arnold, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Heying. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts left Anaheim Nov. 9, sailing on the U.S. liner America for Bremen. They returned on the south German Lloyd steamship Muenchen. They spent no more than a week in any one place, although they visited Berlin three different times. Consequently they were able to cover many cities of Germany, Poland, Austria and Italy. Roberts mother lives in the free city of Dussin, which was among the points visited. Germany has reached relative political stability, but owing to the fact that the party in power usually owes its position to a coalition, stability is not altogether sound. In Berlin alone there were 27 different parties while they were there, each Jessison of its popular opinions and fighting those of the others mainly because such views were not their own. In the election of last May 4 two persons were killed in Berlin, when one party attempted to cover the political posters of others with its own. Everything conceivable is heavily taxed, including hotel rooms, mean, theatre seats, etc. The latter are high, running around $7.50 in Berlin, with剧院 crowded, nevertheless, people also are extravagantly dressed and extravagance is general. The currency since the introduction of the rentenmark—with four marks and 20 pennies to the dollar—has become stable. Paper marks are worthless. The rentenmark is of gold, or paper in lieu because they would not care for a woman about to become a mother. Formal demand was served upon Major Edward Hale, director of the school, for a promise of medical attention to the trainees and their families before the strike ends. Nightly visits are on strike, retiring to attend classes or answer calls of the officers. DIG'DIRIGIBLE FLIES 1110 MILES LAKEHURST, N. J., June 4. Nosing her way thru the fog, the navy dirigible Shenandoah returned to her landing field early today, having made a voyage of 1-110 miles over New York state into Canada and back. The huge silver coated ship resembling a giant fish, churned slowly back and forth over the field several times before landing. There was a large crowd on hand to welcome the Shenandoah back. The Shenandoah was hours behind time. She came thru the mist in the vicinity of Lakehurst at 6:15 a.m., but did not land matill over an hour later, after three unsuccessful attempts. The fog made the landing extremely difficult. Also heavy consumption of fuel had made the ship light. The arrival of the Shenandoah was delayed chiefly by a thick mist that extended above the entire Jersey coast. Returning from Canada early today, the Shenandoah began encountering atmospheric trouble. At 12:30 a radiogram from the Shenandoah was received, saying the ship had run into a rain storm upstream. At 2 o'clock a message was received from the Shenandoah, then near Stroudsburg, Pa., asking that the hanguar lights he turned on to guide her to the field. At 4:30 this message came: "Ship is O.K. Was lost in fog along the New Jersey coast." Shortly after 6 o'clock the big committee Defies Inquirers, Citing Experience of Brother, Mel Daugherty WASHINGTON, June 4. Former Atty, Gala Harry M. Daugherty today defied the-Wheeler-Brookhart committee to compel him testify in the senate investigation of his administration of the department of justice. Daugherty had been ordered to appear Friday. He told Senate Brookhart of Town, the committee chairman, in a letter, that he would not appear because the committee had no authority to make him testify. This was the same issue successfully raised by the former attorney general's brother, M.Daugherty, of Washington Countyhouse, Ohio, who would not permit the committee to examine the books of his bank. A federal court at Cincinnati uphold Mel Daugherty's position. Daugherty referred to the Clio clanit decision and said that view of the fact that "it would seem to me to be a vain thing to continue an illegal proceeding in inquiry, and I must therefore decline to appear before you committee." ST. LOUIIS, June 4. Harry Daugherty does not dare face the senate inquiries and be subjected to cross examination under oath," said U.S. Senator Burke K. Wheeler. Democrat of Montana here today when informed Daugherty's defiance of the Brookhart-Wheeler committee, investigating the department of justice under the Daugherty administration. Senator Wheeler is here on two-day visit. TELLS HISTORY OF FULLERTON P.O. The regular weekly meeting of the Fullerton Kiwanis club was taken up with business and the reports of various committees. Merton Blackford, postmaster gave a brief history of the Fullerton postoffice since its inception May 22, 1888. He said the first year's receipts amounted to 3 cent; the first ten days to $2.34; and the first quarter to $42.56. UPHAM RESIGNNS CLEVELAND, Ohio, June 4. Fred W. Upham, treasurer of the National Republican Committee for more than 20 years, has resigned. Everything conceivable is heavily taxed, including hotel rooms, meats, theatre seats, etc. The latter are high, running around $7.50 in Berlin, with the剧院 crowded, nevertheless, people also are extravagantly dressed and extravagance is general. The currency since the introduction of the retenmark—with four marks and 20 pennigs to the dollar—has become stable. Paper marks are worthless. The rentemark is of gold, or paper in lieu of gold, and is an obligation upon real property. Commercial loans bring 30 to 50 per cent, and the banks guarantee 15 to 20 per cent on deposits. These rates are almost prohibitive. Opinions regarding the Dawes plan differ according to party. Much friendliness is shown toward America, although this country is blamed for not following up the post-war aid which it rendered when the peace treaty was framed. Industry is only moderately active, although the stores are busy. Roberts noticed almost no building except in Berlin, where several houses of the wealthy were being erected. Hotel rooms cost $5 per day, even in moderate priced houses, and the simplest kind of breakfast $1.50. Breakfast is charged for anyhow, so most of the guests take it. Railway fares also are high, and the service when the Roberts first arrived was poor, with shabby, dirty coaches. Later on this condition was much improved. Owing to the cutting up of Europe into many states, and the petty jealousies among them, custom restrictions are burdensome. Two inspections at each border take place. Seven such inspections were made of the Roberts' belongings on one trip of a few hours. One night they were hustled out into the cold and snow three times to satisfy the requirements of officials. Another nuisance is that of money. Many different cities have their own money, which is good (Continued on Page Eight) BUILDING PERMITS P. N. Gibbs, frame screen porch, 929 P. Center-st; cost, $150. Fred Peck, shop and garage at 118 So. Illinois-st; cost, $500. Returning from Canada early today, the Shenandoah began encountering atmospheric trouble. At 12:30 a radiogram from the Shenandoah was received, saying the ship had run into a rain storm impatient. At 2 o'clock a message was received from the Shenandoah, then near Stroundsburg, Pa., asking that the hangar lights be turned on to guide her to the field. At 4:30 this message came: "Ship is O. K. Was lost in fog along the New Jersey coast." Shortly after 6 o'clock the big ship was sighted. The ship had been in the air slightly less than 24 hours, and behaved remarkably well throughout the trip. SEVEN HEIRS TO MARY OSHER ESTATE The $7500 estate left by the late Mary Osher, who died in Anaheim May 26, will be distributed to seven heirs, two of whom live in Anaheim. It was made known today in a petition to probate the will. Charles Eygrabroad of Anaheim filed the petition in the superior court late yesterday. The two Anaheim heirs are Anna L. Pember, 55; and Julius Osher, 48. PHYSICIANS Fear Mother of Slain Boy May Lose Reason CHICAGO, June 4. — A little grave holds the murdered body of Robert Franka, who just two weeks to the day before his death expended and proved to the satisfaction of judges in the Harvard school his belief that a slayer should not be deprived of life by man. "Only God is permitted to take human life," he said, and when the affirmative side of the debated question brot forth the Meale law of "an eye for an eye," he retorted with winning effect that punishment should be reformative, never vindictive. The two boys who have confessed they slew Robert Franka occupy prison cells. They face capital punishment, the vengeance of man for their destruction of life of the child who pleaded co passionately for abolition of that means of punishment. Robert Franka's mother heard her little boy—her baby, she called him, altho he was 12 years old—tell his schoolmates and structors he could not agree with capital punishment and after he side had been victorious in its contention, she told friends she favored Robert's idea, altho older brother, Jack, was a member of the side which expounded the affirmative. Now Robert's mother, strick with grief, lies alone in her robe. She calls constantly for her "boy"-the boy who pleaded the slayers not be hanged and now lies dead, a victim of murderers. Physicians have expressed fear that she will not recover her health. They say her tottering reason may crash. FULL REPORT OF INTERNATIONAL NEWS SERVICE—FIRST LEASED WIRE IN ANAHEIM THE ORANGE COUNTY plain Dealer LEADING NEWSPAPER OE NORTHERN ORANGE COUNTY Anaheim, California Wednesday, June 4, 1924. S' SLAYERS WITH TR omy Picture of Conditions in Germa DUGHERTY ALLENGES MITTTEE Inquirers, Citing reience of Brother, Mel Daugherty WINGTON, June 4.—FormGia Harry M. Daugherty Child Dead from Poisoned Candy SACRAMENTO, June 4— Preparations for the funeral of Ellen Fratis, local school girl, stricken sundren, under circumstances which, according to authorities, indicated she was a victim of poisonine polishing or poisoned candy, were halted today by the serious illness of Madeline Fratis, 8, sister. Madeline is also declared to be suffering from poisoning. An analysis of the stunch of the dead girl is declared to have showed traces of poisoning, the nature of which was not determined. ATTEMPT TO ENJOIN BONUS 'Taxpayer' Says Congress Has No Right To Give Presents WASHINGTON, June 4.—Legal proceedings were started today in Quiz Disab Of Hope LOS ANGELES, June 4. prising move was made the investigation of the L. development School holocaust District Attorney Keyes, ed Sylvester Vogel, disavleran, hailed as oneheroes of the tragedy, questioning on his account fire that destroyed the s. which 22 inmates and a were burned to death. Vogel was taken to the attorney's office, where questioned closely on his the discovery of the fire a occurred immediately a found the building in fl INQUIRERS, CITING EXPERIENCE OF BROTHER, MEL Daugherty WANTS SHORT POSITIVE PLATFORM CLEVELAND, June 4 — When the Republican platform builder meet here one week from today there will be presented to them fairly complete draft of just what President Coolidge desires in the way of planks. Word to this effect has been brot to Cleveland by William M. Butler of Massachusetts, the president's campaign manager. Mr. Coolidge wants the platform short, positive and concise, according to the word passed to leaders here. The main ingredients are being prepared by his own hand. There will be more "pointing with pride" than "viewing with alarm." On foreign affairs there will be a number of positive claims to achievement. The principal points the president desires emphasized are: 1. Affirmation of the party's faith in a world court as laid down in the Harding-Hughes program and endorsed by Mr. Coolidge. 2. The Dawes plan, wherein America was enabled to help Europe, without at the same time, Continued on page three. BONUS 'Taxpayer' Says Congress Has No Right To Give Presents WASHINGTON, June 4 — Legal proceedings were started today in the district of Columbia supreme court to stop the rollers bonus. Benjamin Calthings of New York who was not identified except as a 'taxpayer' asked the court to get out an injunction restraining government officials from issuing the insurance certificates authorized for 4,000,000 war veterans under the new bonus law which congress passed over President Coolidge's veto. Secretary of War Weeks, Secretary of the Navy Wilbur, Secretary of the Treasury Kolton, Director Frank T. Hines of the veterans' bureau; George H. Carter, the public printer, and Frank White, treasurer of the United States, were named as defendants. "The crown of kingship rests upon the brow of the elector," the petition said. "The sovereignty of America lies in the people. The judges, the president and the congressmen are but agents and servants." Cathings asserted that "the people of the United States have the right to give honzes and presents to whom they please, but they have not granted nor authorized the representatives and senators in congress at Washington to exercise the prerogative." The congress has no authority to make gifts, grant bonuses or to issue policy certificates. The bonus no is therefore void and of no effect as wholly beyond the power of congress." U.S. AID FOR THOSE HURT WASHINGTON, June 4 — The house this afternoon passed a bill appropriating $1,000,000 a year for three years for the vocational rehabilitation of persons injured in industry. Successful Anaheim Business Men Place Their Advertising in the Plain Dealer. Number of Homes Taking Plain Dealer 1044 Number of homes not taking Plain Dealer, but taking Bulletin 144 Number of Homes Checked to date - 1188 ESTIMATE SHIPMENT REDUCE The June 1 estimate of pigs remaining to feed will show for the first months a considerable over that of the month over and above the months. But that's no bad thing; the growers, Manager G. Islands of the Anaheim O. Lonon Ass'n estimated to. The Calif. Fruit Grow change directors are discuss latest estimate today a weekly gathering in Los Angeles. Except when the Anaheim trict escapes the frost both ship a large crop and higher prices due to a reduced crop from the winter prices are unusually other reasons, there is no damage in heavy crops. Bundled. Prices continue to stiffen east and shipments this week again be huge from the indications today we compete from impatient canteques will not be ed over such a long per-year when there were two instead of one. Shipping are in excess of 200 cars and the peak may be reached in ten days. Shipments proximately 180 cars to deal with around 1400 IPS. Backward weather in parts of the country is an adverse market factor at Florida's crop is certain. Successful Anaheim Business Men Place Their Advertising in the Plain Dealer. Number of Homes Taking Plain Dealer 1044 Number of homes not taking Plain Dealer, but taking Bulletin 144 Number of Homes Checked to date - - 1188 WEST CYPRESS STREET House Number Plain Dealer 302 Bulletin 306 Vacant 308 Plain Dealer 312 Plain Dealer 316 Plain Dealer 320 Bulletin 324 Plain Dealer 402 Weadon Apt. Plain Dealer No. 1 Plain Dealer No. 2 Plain Dealer No. 3 Plain Dealer No. 4 Plain Dealer No. 5 Plain Dealer No. 6 Plain Dealer No. 7 Plain Dealer No. 8 Plain Dealer No. 9 Plain Dealer No. 10 Vacant 418 Plain Dealer 420 Plain Dealer 420 City Park Manager takes the Plain Dealer also the officer at Auto Park In the 300 and 400 blocks on North Lemon Street there are a total of 21 occupied homes. The PLAIN DEALER IS TAKEN AND READ IN 19 OF THESE HOMES. Now read the report of the homes which the Plain Dealer does not enter; Two take the Bulletin. In the fifty districts checked to date there are 1188 homes in which the local papers are read, and the Plain Dealer is read in 1044 out of the 1188 homes, or 85 per cent. Number of Plain Dealers taken in the 50 districts checked ... 1044 Number of homes not taking Plain Dealer, but taking Bulletin 144 Total number of homes taking local papers ... 1188 Anyone interested, of course, can check up on the correctness of the above statements. WATCH THIS SPACE FAILLY IN ANAHEIM aler COUNTY Fair, moderately warm tonight and Thursday, foggy or cloudy 27th YEAR—No. 237 H TRACEY DEATH Germany and Central Europe Quiz Disabled Vet, “Hero” Of Hope School Holocust LOS ANGELES, June 4. — A surprising move was made today in the investigation of the Hope Development School holocaust when District Attorney Keyes summoned Sylvier Vogel, disabled war veteran, hailed as one of the heroes of the tragedy, for close questioning on his account of the fire that destroyed the school, in which 22 inmates and a matron were burned to death. Vogel was taken to the district attorney's office, where he was questioned closely on his story of the discovery of the fire and what occurred immediately after he found the building in flames. Vogel testified at the coroner's inquest he discovered the fire while driving his automobile from Venice to Compton where he is an inmate of a sanitarium and that he made an effort to enter the burning building. He said he was driven back by the flames and after blowing his police whistle for help, raced to Venice in his automobile in order to notify the police and fire department. While Vogel was being questioned the county grand jury's awaoping investigation of the fire and of alleged fire-trap conditions in other institutions in the county got under way. GROUNDWORK EVIDENCE FOR JURY Definite Information To Connect Youths With Mysterious Murder CHICAGO, June 4. — Definite information ESTIMATE OF SHIPMENTS REDUCED The June 1 estimate of California oranges remaining to be shipped will show for the first time in months a considerable reduction over that of the month previous, over and above the month's shipments. But that's no bad news to the growers, Manager G. W. Sandands of the Anaheim Orange & Conon Ass'n' intimated today. The Calli, Fruit Growers' Exchange directors are discussing the latest estimate today at their weekly gathering in Los Angeles. Except when the Anaheim district escapes the frost and can both ship a large crop and get higher prices due to a generally reduced crop from the state, or when prices are unusually high for other reasons, there is no advantage in heavy crops. Sandands intimated. Prices continue to stiffen in the final and shipments this week will gain be huge from the district, the indications today were: Competition from imperial Valley cantaloupes will not be extended over such a long period as last car when there were two blooms instead of one. Shipments now are in excess of 200 cars per day and the peak may be reached within ten days. Shipments of approximately 180 cars to date compare with around 1400 just year. Backward weather in certain parts of the country is the main adverse market factor at present. Florida's crop is certain to be imminent of a sanitarium and that he made an effort to enter the burning building. He said he was driven back by the flames and after blowing his police whistle for help, raced to Venice in his automobile in order to notify the police and fire department. While Vogel was being questioned the county grand jury's sweeping investigation of the fire and of alleged fire-trap conditions in other institutions in the county got under way. MANY PHONE CALLS Local telephone calls handled by the Anaheim exchange numbered 1550 daily during May, while toll calls aggregated 350 each 24 hours. Manager E. A. Beard announces that the American Telephone & Telegraph Co. sent word received today that rights to the new stock, to be sold at par to existing stockholders—one new share for every five old ones now held—will be bought for new stockholders and sold for old ones. 6658 ENTER NEW PLUNGE IN MAY With an attendance in May of 6658, Manager E. P. Guysi of the municipal plunge today predicted an average during June, July, August and September of 10,000. The May total compares with 5301 in April. Since the plunge opened on March 22 to June 1, 12,522 enjoyed the sport. The first lot of 136 out of 300 lockers has just arrived and the work of installing them will be in progress during the next forty-night. They are of the most modern type, built of steel. A 200-gallon tank for hot water to supply the showers has been installed and shortly will be connected by an emergency line with the main boiler so always to be available. A life line has been stretched between the 5-foot and 6-foot depths in the plunge to prevent non-swimmers from getting into water over their depth. The floors of the showers have been deepened and enclosed to prevent the water from flooding the premises. Two telephone poles soon will be removed from the grounds near the building, the wires already being underground. Shrubbery already is growing about the building, which within a few months will have vines climbing over it. The ornamental lights already are in service in the park. No cars are permitted now to inmate of a sanitarium and that he made an effort to enter the burning building. He said he was driven back by the flames and after blowing his police whistle for help, raced to Venice in his automobile in order to notify the police and fire department. While Vogel was being questioned the county grand jury's sweeping investigation of the fire and of alleged fire-trap conditions in other institutions in the county got under way. FOR JURY Definite Information To Connect Youths With Mysterious Murder CHICAGO, June 4 — Definite information that connects Matthew Leopold, Jr., and Richard Loek confessed slayers of Robt. Frankx with the mysterious murder of Freeman L. Tracey, whose body was found last fall near the University of Chicago, was obtained today, according to the detectives who arrested the two boys for the slaying of young Frankx. The announcement came after three days work to follow clues unearthed by voluntary investigators, and after Charles Ream, a taxicab chauffeur, had positively identified the boys, police say, as the two who seized, bound and gagged him and performed a surgical operation on him. This information is still being acted upon by the detectives. Police are still working on the theory that other unsolved crimes may have been conceived and carried out by the "super intellects" which planned and executed, according to confessions, the brutal slaying of Robert Frankx. The first carefully planned moves in the $15,000,000 defense of Leopold and Loek became evident today in the announced intention of a famous criminal lawyer to combat every effort to introduce in court the evidence on which the state's case will be built. The attorney, whose name has been withheld, but who is believed to be Clarence Darrow, chief of defense counsel, asserted his hope in precedents established by the Illinois supreme court. He believes, he said, that this court will uphold his efforts to keep the confessions from the jury because no confession can be proven to have been obtained without duress. Other points that will be pressed are: No one has been found who saw the killing. No one has been found who saw either of the prisoners with Robert Frankx on the day he was kidnapped and again. Neither Loek nor Leopold can be forced by the state to take the stand and they will not be placed there by the defense. Competition from imperial Valley cantelopes will not be extended over such a long period as last car when there were two亿辆 instead of one. Shipments now in excess of 200 cars per day and the peak may be reached within ten days. Shipments of approximately 150 cars to date compare with around 1400 last year. Duckward weather in certain parts of the country is the main adverse market factor at present. Florida's crop is certain to be small next year, because of low prices the last season. Growers finally had to give the larger part of their crop away, shipments often being made loose in freight cars. Consequently growers will not have the money to fertilize and the 1924-25 crop will be small, limiting also has let up. The ordinary cost of fertilizing $250 per acre in Florida. FUMIGATE BOOKS Anaheim public library is requesting that all library books be turned in June 7 or 9 as the library will be closed for fumigation purposes. The library will be closed on Tuesday and reopen Wednesday. Main Dealer Classified Ads provide results. Try this medium. GYPSY HELD FOR VIOLATION SACRAMENTO, June 4—Arrest of Millen Marks, member of the Gypsy royal family and believed to have been one of the ghoulls who made the abortive attempt to loot the tomb of former King Alexander Adams here last week was announced today by Chief of Police McShane. C. of C. Survey of Anaheim Discloses Business is Good The first actual figures of the laborate business survey made by the Anaheim C. are made public today in the monthly news sheet. The figures on wholesale and retail business only are revealed at this time. According to this there are 271 business places in Anaheim with an investment of $4,391,621. Of these business places, 172 are owned by individuals, 55 by partnerships and 20 by corporations. The floor space of these places covers 15% acres. Of these business houses 247 are leased and 28 owned. Number of employees—male 857, female 268. Number of hours served per week 12,330, while the payroll shows $31,317 weekly. In marketing their wares, our business houses sell 79% in Anaheim, 20% in the county and 1% elsewhere. In reporting on business conditions 25 said excellent, 91 said good, 87 fair, 4 poor, with 54 not reporting. Ninety-five per cent of the business men of our community saw fit to give the information required. From the figures just given an analytical study of same will show that business conditions in Anaheim are indeed good. Report of the Industrial survey has not been completed, but will be given in the news sheet. CHICAGO, June 4—Construction of a carefully planned groundwork of evidence continued before the grand jury today in the state's gallows-intent quest for kidnapping and murder indictments against Nathan L. Leopold and Richard Loeb. Another day, perhaps a longer time, will pass before the jurors will be asked to vote true bills charging two capital offenses against the sophisticated youths born to the purple, whose confession to the slaying of little Robert Franks "for a thrill" has furnished criminologists with a ghostly study in scarlet. Each of a long line of witnesses—part of the state's array of 165—awaited for appearance before the jurors, contributed their share to the story of abduction, murder and attempted extortion, and was dismissed until a later call. The aged millionaire father of the slain boy, from whom an attempt was made to extort $10,000 even after the murder of his son; Leopold's chauffeur, whose casual statement to police shattered the youth's careful alibi; the mabl at the Leopold home, who told of the typewriter on which Leopold confeezed later he wrote the extortion letter; the manager of the auto rent company from which the death car was obtained; the watchman who found the tape-wrapped chisel which killed Robert Franks—these were among the witnesses. (Continued on Page Eight) BRONSON WILL LECTURE FRIDAY Dr. J. Rush Bronson Klux Klan lecturer, from a stand in fright grandstand at the day evening. On the pearances in Anatolia tabernacle all who desire gently at the addressed an thousand.